Combination of COYA 301 + GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) may present a promising multi-pathway targeted approach for additive and/or synergistic anti-inflammatory functions for the potential treatment of inflammatory diseases, including neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and metabolic conditions;

Data supporting these patents indicate that COYA 301 and GLP-1 RA combinations may have an additive and/or synergistic anti-inflammatory effect on multiple cell types, including enhancement of regulatory T cell function, suppression of pro-inflammatory myeloid and T cells, and repolarization of these cells to anti-inflammatory phenotypes;

Proposed proprietary combinations will expand Coya’s pipeline and has potential to expand the GLP-1 market beyond the approved indications of diabetes and obesity, while opening the door to strategic partnerships and scientific collaborations

Coya Therapeutics, Inc. (NASDAQ: COYA) (“Coya” or the “Company”), a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing biologics intended to enhance regulatory T cell (Treg) function, announces the filing of intellectual property protection for the combination of COYA 301, or recombinant human low dose interleukin-2 (LD IL-2), and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs).

Dr. Arun Swaminathan, Coya’s Chief Business Officer, stated, “There has been an upswing in interest from major pharma companies looking to expand their GLP-1 RA pipeline including testing combination mechanistic approaches. The combination of low-dose IL-2 with GLP-1 RAs could offer a differentiated approach to addressing multiple conditions, including in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s Disease, in which GLP-1 RAs have recently shown promise. We believe the potential of this proprietary combination could lead to value-creating business development partnerships.”

There has been extensive commercial success using the GLP-1 RA class for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. GLP-1 RAs have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects that may contribute to their overall glucose-lowering benefits. The influence of GLP-1 RAs on inflammatory pathways provides an opportunity to optimize these effects by combining with LD IL-2 mediated Treg enhancement.

GLP-1 RAs and LD IL-2 act through distinct mechanisms of action to exert anti-inflammatory and Treg-enhancing effects and may make this multi-targeted therapeutic approach an appealing combination to potentially address the unmet needs of patients with severe systemic and neuro-inflammatory, autoimmune, and metabolic conditions. Such dynamic and complex conditions may benefit from the combination treatments that address multiple pathophysiological pathways simultaneously. Specifically, LD IL-2 is a cytokine essential for the enhancement of Treg function and numbers suppressing inflammatory responses, while GLP-1 RAs possess neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties via modulation of microglial activity, reduction of oxidative stress, and promotion of neuronal survival. Coya is currently investigating these combinations to potentially bring forward an optimized novel therapeutic approach towards several diseases.

Dr. Howard Berman, Coya’s Chief Executive Officer, added, “We believe that combination immunotherapy approaches will evolve to play a meaningful role in treating complex immune-based diseases, that are driven by a host of pathophysiologic mechanisms. A COYA 301/GLP-1 RA combination targets multiple, independent, and non-overlapping immune pathways simultaneously and aligns with our combination R&D strategy as seen with COYA 302, which is the combination of COYA 301 and CTLA-4 Ig (commercially known as Abatacept) and which is being evaluated in numerous neurodegenerative disease models, such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. We will continue to expand our portfolio with additional synergistic drug combinations with COYA 301.”

About COYA 301

COYA 301 is the company’s proprietary investigational low-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) intended to enhance the anti-inflammatory function regulatory T cells (Tregs) and is designed for subcutaneous administration.

About COYA 302

COYA 302 is an investigational and proprietary biologic combination therapy with a dual immunomodulatory mechanism of action intended to enhance the anti-inflammatory function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and suppress the inflammation produced by activated monocytes and macrophages. COYA 302 is comprised of proprietary low dose interleukin-2 (LD IL-2) and CTLA-4 Ig and is being developed for subcutaneous administration for the treatment of patients with ALS, FTD, and PD. These mechanisms may have additive or synergistic effects.

In February of 2023, Coya announced results from a proof-of-concept, open-label clinical study evaluating commercially available LD IL-2 and CTLA-4 Ig in a small cohort of patients with ALS conducted at the Houston Methodist Research Institute (Houston, Texas) by Stanley Appel, M.D., Jason Thonhoff, M.D., Ph.D., and David Beers, Ph.D. This study was the first-of-its-kind evaluating this dual-mechanism immunotherapy for the treatment of ALS. Patients in the study received investigational treatment for 48 consecutive weeks and were evaluated for safety and tolerability, Treg function, serum biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation, and clinical functioning as measured by the ALSFRS-R scale.

During the 48-week treatment period, the therapy was well tolerated. The most common adverse event was mild injection-site reactions. No patient discontinued the study, and no deaths or other serious adverse events were reported.

Patients' disease progression was measured using the ALSFRS-R scale, a validated rating tool for monitoring the progression of disability in patients with ALS. The mean (±SD) ALSFRS-R scores at week 24 (33.75 ±3.3) and week 48 (32 ±7.8) after initiation of treatment were not statistically different compared to the ALSFRS-R score at baseline (33.5 ±5.9), suggesting significant amelioration in the progression of the disease over the 48-week treatment period.

Treg suppressive function, expressed as percentage of inhibition of proinflammatory T cell proliferation, showed a statistically significant increase over the course of the treatment period and was significantly reduced at the end of the 8-week washout post-treatment period. Treg suppressive function at 24 weeks (79.9 ±9.6) and 48 weeks (89.5 ±4.1) were significantly higher compared to baseline (62.1 ±8.1) (p<0.01), suggesting enhanced and durable Treg suppressive function over the course of treatment. In contrast, Treg suppressive function (mean ±SD) was significantly decreased at the end of the 8-week washout period compared to end-of-treatment at week 48 (70.3 ±8.1 vs. 89.5 ±4.1, p <0.05).

The study also evaluated serum biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxides. The available data up to 16 weeks after initiation of treatment suggest a decrease in these biomarker levels, which is consistent with the observed enhancement of Treg function. The evaluation of the full biomarker data is ongoing.

COYA 302 is an investigational product not yet approved by the FDA or any other regulatory agency.

About Coya Therapeutics, Inc.

Headquartered in Houston, TX, Coya Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: COYA) is a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing proprietary treatments focused on the biology and potential therapeutic advantages of regulatory T cells (“Tregs”) to target systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation. Dysfunctional Tregs underlie numerous conditions, including neurodegenerative, metabolic, and autoimmune diseases, and this cellular dysfunction may lead to sustained inflammation and oxidative stress resulting in lack of homeostasis of the immune system.

Coya’s investigational product candidate pipeline leverages multiple therapeutic modalities aimed at restoring the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions of Tregs. Coya’s therapeutic platforms include Treg-enhancing biologics, Treg-derived exosomes, and autologous Treg cell therapy.

COYA 302 – the Company’s lead biologic investigational product or “Pipeline in a Product”– is a proprietary combination of COYA 301 (Coya’s proprietary LD IL-2) and CTLA4-Ig for subcutaneous administration with a unique dual mechanism of action that is now being developed for the treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Frontotemporal Dementia, Parkinson’s Disease, and Alzheimer’s Disease. Its multi-targeted approach enhances the number and anti-inflammatory function of Tregs and simultaneously lowers the expression of activated microglia and the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators. This synergistic mechanism may lead to the re-establishment of immune balance and amelioration of inflammation in a sustained and durable manner that may not be achieved by either low-dose IL-2 or CTLA4-Ig alone.

For more information about Coya, please visit www.coyatherapeutics.com

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