nv2
As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on
May 25, 2007.
1933 Act File
No. 333-[ ]
1940 Act File
No. 811-[ ]
U.S. SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.
20549
FORM N-2
þ REGISTRATION
STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
o PRE-EFFECTIVE
AMENDMENT NO.
o POST-EFFECTIVE
AMENDMENT NO.
and
þ REGISTRATION
STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
o AMENDMENT
NO.
The Cushing MLP Total Return
Fund
(Exact Name of Registrant as
Specified in Charter)
3300 Oak Lawn Avenue
Suite 650
Dallas, TX 75219
(Address of Principal Executive
Offices)
(214) 692-6334
(Registrants Telephone
Number, including Area Code)
Jerry V. Swank
The Cushing MLP Total Return Fund
3300 Oak Lawn Avenue
Suite 650
Dallas, TX 75219
(Name and Address of Agent for
Service)
Copies to:
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Barry P. Barbash
Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP
787 Seventh Avenue
New York, NY 10019
(212) 728-8000
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Joseph A. Hall
Davis Polk & Wardwell
450 Lexington Avenue
New York, NY 10017
(212) 450-4000
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G. Michael OLeary
Andrews Kurth LLP
600 Travis, Suite 4200
Houston, TX 77002
(713) 220-4360
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Approximate Date of Proposed Public
Offering: As soon as practicable after the
effective date of this Registration Statement.
If any of the securities being registered on this form will be
offered on a delayed or continuous basis in reliance on
Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than
securities offered in connection with a dividend reinvestment
plan, check the following
box. o
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check
appropriate box)
o when declared
effective pursuant to section 8(c)
If appropriate, check the following box:
o This
[post-effective] amendment designates a new effective date for a
previously filed [post-effective amendment] [registration
statement].
o This Form is
filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant
to Rule 462 (b) under the Securities Act and the
Securities Act registration number of the earlier effective
registration statement for the same offering
is .
CALCULATION
OF REGISTRATION FEE UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
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Proposed Maximum
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Proposed Maximum
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Amount Being
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Offering Price Per
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Aggregate Offering
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Amount of
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Title of Securities Being Registered
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Registered
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Unit
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Price(1)
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Registration Fee
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Common Shares, $0.001 par
value per share
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50,000
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$20
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$1,000,000
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$30.70
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(1) |
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Estimated pursuant to Rule 457 solely for the purpose of
determining the registration fee. |
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on
such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective
date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which
specifically states that this Registration Statement shall
thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a)
of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until this
Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as
the commission, acting pursuant to Section 8(a), may
determine.
Form N-2
CROSS-REFERENCE SHEET
Parts A and B of the Prospectus*
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Items in Part A and B of
Form N-2
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Location in
Prospectus
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1.
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Outside Front Cover
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Outside Front Cover Page of
Prospectus
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2.
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Cover Pages, Other Offering
Information
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Inside Front and Outside Back
Cover Page of Prospectus
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3.
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Fee Table and Synopsis
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Prospectus Summary; Summary of
Fund Expenses
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4.
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Financial Highlights
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Not Applicable
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5.
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Plan of Distribution
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Outside Front Cover Page of
Prospectus; Prospectus Summary; Underwriters
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6.
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Selling Stockholders
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Not Applicable
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7.
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Use of Proceeds
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Prospectus Summary; Use of Proceeds
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8.
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General Description of the
Registrant
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Outside Front Cover Page of
Prospectus; Prospectus Summary; The Fund; The Funds
Investments; Principal Risks of the Fund; Investment
Restrictions; Description of Shares
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9.
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Management
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Prospectus Summary; Management of
the Fund; Portfolio Transactions and Brokerage; Description of
Shares; Other Service Providers
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10.
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Capital Stock, Long-Term Debt, and
other Securities
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Distributions; Dividend
Reinvestment Plan; Description of Shares; Tax Matters
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11.
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Defaults and Arrears on Senior
Securities
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Not Applicable
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12.
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Legal Proceedings
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Not Applicable
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13.
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Table of Contents of the Statement
of Additional Information
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Not Applicable
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14.
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Cover Page
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Not Applicable
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15.
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Table of Contents
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Not Applicable
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16.
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General Information and History
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Prospectus Summary; The Fund
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17.
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Investment Objective and Policies
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Prospectus Summary; Investment
Objective and Policies; The Funds Investments; Investment
Restrictions
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18.
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Management
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Prospectus Summary; Management of
the Fund
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19.
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Control Persons and Principal
Holders of Securities
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Management of the Fund
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20.
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Investment Advisory and Other
Services
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Prospectus Summary; Management of
the Fund; Other Service Providers
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21.
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Portfolio Managers
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Management of the Fund
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22.
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Brokerage Allocation and Other
Practices
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Portfolio Transactions and
Brokerage
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23.
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Tax Status
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Tax Matters
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24.
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Financial Statements
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Statement of Assets and
Liabilities
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The
information in this prospectus is not complete and may be
changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration
statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is
effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these
securities and is not soliciting offers to buy these securities
in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
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PRELIMINARY
PROSPECTUS (Subject to Completion)
Dated
May 25, 2007
Shares
The Cushing MLP Total Return
Fund
COMMON SHARES
The Cushing MLP Total Return Fund (the Fund) is
offering
common shares of beneficial interest (common
shares). This is the initial public offering of the
Funds common shares and no public market exists for its
common shares.
Investment Objective. The Fund is a newly organized,
non-diversified, closed-end management investment company. The
Funds investment objective is to obtain a high after-tax
total return from a combination of capital appreciation and
tax-advantaged current income. No assurance can be given that
the Funds investment objective will be achieved.
Investment Strategy. The Fund will seek to achieve its
investment objective by investing, under normal market
conditions, at least 80% of its Managed Assets (as defined
below) in securities of public and private master limited
partnerships and limited liability companies and interests in
their respective general partners and managing members and other
affiliates (collectively, MLPs). The Fund will be
managed by Swank Energy Income Advisors, LP (the
Investment Adviser). (continued on next page)
No Prior History. Because the Fund is newly organized, its
common shares have no history of public trading. Shares of
closed-end funds frequently trade at a discount to their net
asset value, which may increase the risk of loss. This risk may
be greater for investors expecting to sell their common shares
in a relatively short period after completion of this offering.
The Fund anticipates that its common shares will be listed on
the New York Stock Exchange, subject to official notice of
issuance, under the symbol
.
Investment in the Funds common shares involves
substantial risks arising from the Funds policy of
investing in the securities of MLPs, its concentration in the
natural resource sector and its use of leverage. Before buying
any of the Funds common shares, you should read the
discussion of the material risks of investing in the Fund in
Principal Risks of the Fund beginning on
page [ ] of this prospectus.
PRICE $20.00 A SHARE
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Estimated
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Price
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Offering
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Proceeds to
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to Public
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Sales Load
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Expenses
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the Fund
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Per Share
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$
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$
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$
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$
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Total
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$
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$
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$
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$
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The Fund has granted the underwriters an option to purchase up
to additional common
shares at the price to the public, less the sales load, within
45 days of the date of this prospectus, solely to cover
over-allotments, if any. If such option is exercised in full,
the total price to the public, sales load, estimated offering
expenses and proceeds to the Fund will be
$ ,
$ , $
and $ , respectively. See
Underwriters.
The Investment Adviser will pay a marketing and structuring fee
to Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated equal
to % of the aggregate price to public of the common
shares sold by Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated,
including over-allotted shares. This fee is not reflected under
estimated offering expenses in the table above. See
Underwriters Additional Compensation to Be
Paid by the Investment Adviser.
The Fund will pay offering expenses (other than the sales load)
up to an aggregate of $ per common share sold
in this offering. The Investment Adviser has agreed to pay
(i) all organizational expenses of the Fund and
(ii) the offering expenses of the Fund (other than the
sales load) to the extent they exceed $ per
common share.
The Securities and Exchange Commission and state securities
regulators have not approved or disapproved of these securities
or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any
representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The underwriters expect to deliver the common shares to
purchasers on or
about ,
2007.
MORGAN STANLEY
,
2007
(continued from previous page)
As used in this prospectus, the term master limited
partnership refers only to a limited partnership or
limited liability company entity and its subsidiaries, and does
not include its general partner or managing member or any other
affiliate.
The Fund seeks to obtain a high after-tax total return through
investments in public and private MLPs that have distribution
growth prospects that, in the Investment Advisers opinion,
are high relative to comparable MLPs and available unit pricing.
The Fund will be treated as a regular corporation , or
C corporation, for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. The Fund intends to focus its investments in MLPs with
operations in the development, production, processing, refining,
transportation, storage and marketing of natural resources. The
Fund believes that, as a result of the tax characterization of
cash distributions made by master limited partnerships to their
investors (such as the Fund), a significant portion of the
Funds income will be tax-deferred, which will allow
distributions by the Fund to its shareholders to include
tax-deferred income. However, there can be no assurance in this
regard. If this expectation is not realized, the Fund will have
a larger corporate income tax expense than expected, which will
result in less cash available to distribute to shareholders. The
Fund expects to make equity investments in a mix of publicly
traded securities and non-readily marketable securities that may
be issued by public or private companies. The Fund will seek to
hedge certain risks such as overall market, interest rate and
commodity price risk.
The Fund will generally seek to invest in 20 to 30 issuers with
generally no more than 10% of Managed Assets in any one issue,
and no more than 15% of Managed Assets in any one issuer (for
purposes of this limit, an issuer includes both a
master limited partnership and its controlling general partner
or managing member), in each case, determined at the time of
investment. Among other things, the Investment Adviser will use
fundamental, proprietary research to seek to identify the most
attractive MLPs with strong fundamental growth prospects, and
will seek to invest in initial public offerings
(IPOs) and secondary market issuances, private
investment in public equity (PIPE) transactions and
private transactions, including pre-acquisition and pre-IPO
equity issuances and investments in private companies.
Generally, no more than 50% of the Funds portfolio will be
in PIPE or other private or restricted securities at the time of
investment.
As used in this prospectus, Managed Assets means the
total assets of the Fund, minus all accrued expenses incurred in
the normal course of operations other than liabilities or
obligations attributable to investment leverage, including,
without limitation, investment leverage obtained through
(i) indebtedness of any type (including, without
limitation, borrowing through a credit facility or the issuance
of debt securities), (ii) the issuance of preferred stock
or other similar preference securities
and/or
(iii) the reinvestment of collateral received for
securities loaned in accordance with the Funds investment
objective and policies.
Investment Adviser. The Investment Adviser has been
registered as an investment adviser with the Securities and
Exchange Commission (the SEC) since 2003. The
Investment Adviser is also an investment adviser to several
private investment funds, not registered under the Investment
Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act), and private
managed accounts (the Affiliated Funds) that invest
primarily in MLPs, securities of other companies that are
generally engaged in the same lines of business as those in
which MLPs engage (Other Natural Resource
Companies), and global commodities. The Investment Adviser
brands certain of its investment vehicles with the name
Cushing. As of May 1, 2007 the Investment
Adviser managed approximately $2 billion in assets on
behalf of institutional and private investors around the world.
The Investment Adviser is indirectly controlled by Jerry V.
Swank.
Leverage. The Fund may seek to enhance its total
returns through the use of financial leverage, which may include
the issuance of shares of preferred stock (Preferred
Shares),
commercial paper or notes and other forms of borrowing (each a
Leverage Instrument and collectively, Leverage
Instruments), in each case within the applicable limits of
the 1940 Act. The Fund expects that it will initially leverage
through borrowings in an aggregate amount of up to approximately
331/3%
of its Managed Assets. The Fund in the future may decide to
leverage through the issuance of Preferred Shares or other
means. Thereafter total leverage of the Fund is expected to
range between 20% to 50% of the Funds Managed Assets. The
Fund may borrow from banks and other financial institutions.
The use of leverage for investment purposes creates
opportunities for greater total returns but at the same time
increases risk. When leverage is employed, the net asset value
and market price of the common shares and the yield to holders
of common shares may be more volatile. Any investment income or
gains earned with respect to the amounts borrowed in excess of
the interest due on the borrowing will augment the Funds
income. Conversely, if the investment performance with respect
to the amounts borrowed fails to cover the interest on such
borrowings, the value of the Funds common shares may
decrease more quickly than would otherwise be the case, and
distributions on the common shares would be reduced or
eliminated. Interest payments and fees incurred in connection
with such borrowings will reduce the amount of net income
available for payment to common shareholders.
Leverage Instruments will have seniority over the Funds
common shares. If the Fund uses Leverage Instruments, associated
costs will be borne immediately by the Funds common
shareholders and result in a reduction of the net asset value of
the common shares. The Fund does not intend to use leverage
until the proceeds of this offering are substantially invested
in accordance with the Funds investment objective. See
The Funds Investments Use of
Leverage. Because the Investment Advisers fees are
based upon a percentage of the Funds Managed Assets, the
Investment Advisers fees will be higher if the Fund
employs leverage. Therefore, the Investment Adviser will have a
financial incentive to use leverage, which may create a conflict
of interest between the Investment Adviser and the Funds
common shareholders. There can be no assurance that a leveraging
strategy will be used or that it will be successful during any
period in which it is used. The use of leverage involves
significant risks. See Principal Risks of the
Fund Leverage Risk.
Certain numbers and percentages in this prospectus have been
rounded for ease of presentation, which may result in amounts
not totaling precisely.
Please read this prospectus carefully before deciding whether to
invest and retain it for future reference. Information required
to be in the Funds Statement of Additional Information is
found in this prospectus. It sets forth concisely the
information about the Fund that a prospective investor ought to
know before investing in the Fund. Copies of the Funds
annual and semi-annual reports, when available, may be obtained
upon request, without charge, by calling toll-free
( ) -
and also will be made available on the Funds website at
[ ].
You may also call this toll-free telephone number to request
other information about the Fund or to make shareholder
inquiries. Information on, or accessible through, the
Funds website is not a part of, and is not incorporated
into, this prospectus. The SEC maintains an internet website
(www.sec.gov) that contains other information regarding the Fund.
The Funds common shares do not represent a deposit or
obligation of, and are not guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank
or other insured depositary institution, and are not federally
insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the
Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.
Prospective investors should rely only on the information
contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus. The
Fund has not, and the underwriters have not, authorized any
other person to provide investors with different information. If
anyone provides an investor with different or
inconsistent information, the investor should not rely on it.
The Fund is not, and the underwriters are not, making an offer
to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or
sale is not permitted. Prospective investors should assume that
the information appearing in this prospectus is accurate only as
of the date on the front cover of this prospectus. The
Funds business, financial condition, results of operations
and prospects may have changed since that date.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
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1
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38
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39
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39
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Investment Objective and Policies
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40
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41
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52
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70
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71
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76
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76
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79
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82
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82
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83
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84
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92
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92
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92
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94
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Declaration of Trust |
No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any
information or to represent anything not contained in this
prospectus. You must not rely on any unauthorized information or
representations not contained in this prospectus as if the Fund
had authorized it. The Fund is offering to sell, and seeking
offers to buy, common shares only in jurisdictions where offers
and sales are permitted. The information contained in this
prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus,
regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any
sale of common shares. The Fund will amend this prospectus if,
during the period that this prospectus is required to be
delivered, there are any material changes subsequent to the date
of this prospectus.
Until ,
2007 (25 days after the commencement of this offering), all
dealers that buy, sell or trade the common shares, whether or
not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a
prospectus. This delivery requirement is in addition to the
dealers obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as
underwriter and with respect to their unsold allotments or
subscriptions.
PROSPECTUS
SUMMARY
This is only a summary. This summary does not contain all of
the information that an investor should consider before
investing in the Funds common shares. You should review
the more detailed information contained in this prospectus. In
particular, you should carefully read the risks of investing in
the common shares, as discussed under Principal Risks of
the Fund.
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The Fund |
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The Cushing MLP Total Return Fund is a newly organized,
non-diversified, closed-end management investment company
registered under the 1940 Act. Throughout this prospectus, The
Cushing MLP Total Return Fund is referred to simply as the
Fund or as we, us or
our. See The Fund. |
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The Offering |
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The Fund is
offering shares
of beneficial interest at
$ per share through a group
of underwriters led by Morgan Stanley & Co.
Incorporated. The common shares of beneficial interest are
called common shares in the rest of this prospectus.
You must purchase at least 100 common shares
($ ) in order to participate in
this offering. The Fund has given the underwriters an option to
purchase up
to additional
common shares to cover over-allotments. The Investment Adviser
has agreed to pay (i) the organizational expenses of the
Fund and (ii) offering expenses (other than sales load)
that exceed $ per common
share. See Underwriters. |
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Who May Want to Invest |
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Investors should consider their own investment goals, time
horizon and risk tolerance before investing in the Fund. An
investment in the Fund may not be appropriate for all investors
and is not intended to be a complete investment program. The
Fund may be an appropriate investment for you if you are seeking: |
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The opportunity for an attractive total return
through capital appreciation and a possibly tax-advantaged
current yield managed by an experienced team of portfolio and
investment professionals.
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Low correlation with broader equity or fixed income
markets.
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Exposure to a growing
sub-sector
of the natural resource universe which benefits from a
tax-advantaged structure, and which owns and operates integral
infrastructure energy assets that are essential in meeting the
growing demand from energy producers and consumers.
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Access through a single investment vehicle to a
portfolio of public, PIPE, and private securities issued by MLPs
and Other Natural Resource Companies (not otherwise available to
the general public) researched and sourced by experienced
investment professionals at Swank Energy Income Advisers, LP.
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However, an investment in the Fund involves certain associated
investment risks. See Principal Risks of the Fund. |
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An Investment in the Fund vs. Direct Investment in MLPs |
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The Investment Adviser believes that an investment in the Fund
has certain advantages over a direct investment in MLPs, such as: |
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Exposure to the MLP asset class through an
investment vehicle that will provide common shareholders with a
single IRS form 1099. Direct investors in MLPs receive an
IRS
schedule K-1
from each MLP in which they invest.
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Access to an investment vehicle that will not
require shareholders to file state income tax returns in any
state in which such investor is not otherwise required to file a
tax return. Direct investors in an MLP are considered limited
partners and may be required to file state income tax returns in
each state in which the MLP operates.
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Ability for common shareholders that are tax-exempt
investors to avoid having the Funds distributions
classified as unrelated business taxable income
(UBTI) unless such investors common shares are
debt-financed. A portion of income received by tax-exempt
investors directly from MLPs is generally treated as UBTI.
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Ability for common shareholders to not be limited by
the passive activity loss rules with respect to any losses
resulting from the purchase and sale of common shares. The
passive activity loss rules limit the ability of certain direct
investors in MLPs to use their allocable share of any losses
generated by an MLP to offset income from other activities.
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Investment Objective and Policies |
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The Funds primary investment objective is to obtain a high
after-tax total return from a combination of capital
appreciation and tax-advantaged current income. There can be no
assurance that the Funds investment objective will be
achieved. The Fund intends to focus its investments in MLPs with
operations in the development, production, processing, refining,
transportation, storage and marketing of natural resources. |
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The Fund will generally seek to invest in 20 to 30
issuers with generally no more than 10% of Managed Assets in any
one issue, and no more than 15% of Managed Assets in any one
issuer (for purposes of this limit, an issuer
includes both the master limited partnership or limited
liability company, as well as its controlling general partner or
managing member), in each case, determined at the time of
investment. Among other things, the Investment Adviser will use
fundamental and proprietary research to seek to identify the
most attractive MLPs and will seek to invest in MLPs that have
distribution growth prospects that, in the Investment
Advisers opinion, are high relative to comparable MLPs and
that are not fully reflected in current pricing. The Investment
Adviser believes that the MLPs most likely to offer such
attractive investment characteristics are those that are
relatively small and have proven and motivated management teams
that are able to develop projects organically
(greenfield or internally developed)
and/or to
successfully identify, acquire and integrate accretive assets
and companies. As part of the Funds 80% MLP investment
policy, the Investment Adviser will also seek to invest in MLPs
or other entities that hold the general partner or managing
member interest and incentive distribution rights in master
limited partnerships (GP MLPs). The Investment
Adviser will seek to identify GP MLPs that have distribution
growth prospects, that, based on the Investment Advisers
research, the Investment Adviser believes are high relative to
many master limited partnerships and are not fully reflected in
current pricing. Like master limited partnerships with strong
distribution growth prospects, GP MLPs with strong growth
prospects often trade at prices which result in relatively low
current yields.
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Since the Investment Adviser will seek to maximize total return
through a focus on master limited partnerships and GP MLPs with
strong distribution growth prospects, the Investment Adviser
believes the distribution yield of the Fund will be lower than
it would be under a more diversified investment approach. |
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The Investment Adviser will seek to invest in IPOs
and secondary market issuances, PIPE transactions and privately
negotiated transactions, including pre-acquisition and pre-IPO
equity issuances and investments in private companies.
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Under normal market conditions, the fund will invest
at least 80% of its Managed Assets in securities of MLPs.
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The Fund may invest up to 50% of its Managed Assets
in securities of MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies that
are not publicly traded, or that are otherwise restricted
securities. For purposes of this limitation, restricted
securities include (i) registered securities of
public companies subject to a
lock-up
period greater than 30 days, (ii) unregistered
securities of public companies with registration rights until
such securities are registered for resale by the Fund, or until
they become freely tradable with the passage of time, and
(iii) securities of companies that have no class of
registered or publicly offered securities (privately
held companies). The Fund does not intend to invest more
than 25% of its Managed Assets in securities of privately held
companies.
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The Fund may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets
in securities of companies that are not MLPs, including Other
Natural Resource Companies, and U.S. and
non-U.S. issuers
that may not constitute Other Natural Resource Companies. These
investments may include equity securities such as partnership
interests, limited liability company interests or units, trust
units, common stock, preferred stock, convertible securities,
warrants and depositary receipts, debt securities, and
securities issued by investment companies registered under the
1940 Act including exchange traded funds (ETFs), and
exchange traded notes (ETNs). The Investment Adviser
anticipates that the Fund will generally invest in ETFs or ETNs
that focus their investments on the energy natural resources,
utility, real estate or banking industries.
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The Fund may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets
in debt securities of MLPs, Other Natural Resource Companies and
other issuers. Any securities issued by MLPs, including debt
securities, will count towards the Funds 80% MLP
investment policy.
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Each percentage limitation applicable to the Funds
portfolio described in this prospectus applies only at the time
of investment in the asset to which the percentage limitation
applies, and the Fund will not be required to sell securities
due to subsequent changes in the value of the securities it
owns. The Fund may invest in companies of any market
capitalization. |
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At the time of this offering, the Fund does not intend to invest
directly in commodities, although the Funds investments in
some MLPs will |
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expose it to risks similar to risks arising from investing in
commodities. |
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The Fund may, but is not required to, write, purchase or sell
put or call options on securities, equity or fixed-income
indices or other instruments, write, purchase or sell futures
contracts or options on futures, or enter into various
transactions such as swaps, caps, floors or collars
(collectively, Strategic Transactions). |
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The Funds investment objective and percentage parameters,
including its 80% MLP investment policy, are not fundamental
policies of the Fund and may be changed without shareholder
approval. Shareholders, however, will be notified in writing of
any change at least 60 days prior to effecting any such
change. |
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The Funds common shares have no previous trading
history. Shares of closed-end funds frequently trade at
discounts to their net asset value. If the Funds
common shares trade at a discount to their net asset value, the
risk of loss may increase for purchasers in this offering. This
risk may be greater for investors who expect to sell their
common shares in a relatively short period after completion of
the public offering. |
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The Funds Investments |
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The Fund will invest primarily in the securities of MLPs, other
equity securities, debt securities and securities of
non-U.S. issuers
as described below. |
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MLPs |
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Master limited partnerships are formed as limited partnerships
or limited liability companies and taxed as partnerships for
federal income tax purposes. The securities issued by many
master limited partnerships are listed and traded on a
U.S. exchange. A master limited partnership typically
issues general partner and limited partner interests, or
managing member and member interests. The general partner or
managing member manages and often controls, has an ownership
stake in, and is normally eligible to receive incentive
distribution payments from, the master limited partnership. To
be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax
purposes, a master limited partnership must derive at least 90%
of its income for each taxable year from qualifying sources as
set forth in Section 7704 of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986, as amended (the Code). These qualifying
sources include natural resource-based activities such as the
exploration, development, mining, production, processing,
refining, transportation, storage and marketing of mineral or
natural resources. The general partner or managing member may be
structured as a private or publicly traded corporation or other
entity. The general partner or managing member typically control
the operations and management of the entity through an up to 2%
general partner or managing member interest in the entity plus,
in many cases, ownership of some percentage of the outstanding
limited partner or member interests. The limited partners or
members, through their ownership of limited partner or member
interests, provide capital to the entity, are intended to have
no role in the operation and management of the entity and
receive cash distributions. Due to their structure as
partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes, master
limited partnerships |
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generally do not pay federal income taxes. Thus, unlike
investors in corporate securities, direct master limited
partnership investors are generally not subject to double
taxation (i.e., corporate level tax and tax on corporate
dividends). Currently, most master limited partnerships operate
in the energy and midstream, natural resources, shipping or real
estate sectors. |
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MLP Equity Securities. Equity securities
issued by master limited partnerships typically consist of
common and subordinated units (which represent the limited
partner or member interests) and a general partner or managing
member interest. |
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Common Units. The common units of
many master limited partnerships are listed and traded on
national securities exchanges, including the New York Stock
Exchange (the NYSE), the American Stock Exchange
(the AMEX), and the NASDAQ Stock Market (the
NASDAQ). The Fund will typically purchase such
common units through open market transactions and underwritten
offerings, but may also acquire common units through direct
placements and privately negotiated transactions. Holders of
master limited partnership common units typically have very
limited control and voting rights. Holders of such common units
are typically entitled to receive quarterly cash distributions
up to an established minimum amount (the minimum quarterly
distribution or MQD), including arrearage
rights, from the issuer. Generally, a master limited partnership
must pay (or set aside for payment) the MQD to holders of common
units before any distributions may be paid to subordinated unit
holders. In addition, incentive distributions are typically not
paid to the general partner or managing member unless the
quarterly distributions on the common units exceed specified
threshold levels above the MQD. Master limited partnerships also
issue different classes of common units that may have different
voting, trading, and distribution rights. The Fund may invest in
different classes of common units.
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Subordinated Units. Subordinated
units, which, like common units, represent limited partner or
member interests, are not typically listed on an exchange or
publicly traded. The Fund will typically purchase outstanding
subordinated units through negotiated transactions directly with
holders of such units or newly-issued subordinated units
directly from the issuer. Holders of such subordinated units are
generally entitled to receive a distribution only after the MQD
and any arrearages from prior quarters have been paid to holders
of common units. Holders of subordinated units typically have
the right to receive distributions at and above the MQD before
any incentive distributions are payable to the general partner
or managing member. Subordinated units generally do not provide
arrearage rights. Most master limited partnership subordinated
units are convertible into common units after the passage of a
specified period of time or upon the achievement by the issuer
of specified financial goals. Master limited partnerships also
issue different classes of subordinated units that may have
different voting, trading, and distribution rights. The Fund may
invest in different classes of subordinated units.
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General Partner or Managing Member
Interests. The general partner or managing member
interest in master limited partnerships or limited liability
companies is typically retained by the original sponsors of a
master limited partnership or limited liability company, such as
its founders, corporate partners and entities that sell assets
to the master limited partnership or limited liability company.
The holder of the general partner or managing member interest
can be liable in certain circumstances for amounts greater than
the amount of the holders investment in the general
partner or managing member. General partner or managing member
interests often confer direct board participation rights in, and
in many cases control over the operations of, the entity.
General partner or managing member interests can be privately
held or owned by publicly traded entities. General partner or
managing member interests receive cash distributions, typically
in an amount of up to 2% of available cash, which is
contractually defined in the partnership or limited liability
company agreement. In addition, holders of general partner or
managing member interests typically receive incentive
distribution rights, which provide them with an increasing share
of the entitys aggregate cash distributions upon the
payment of per unit distributions that exceed specified
threshold levels above the MQD. Due to the incentive
distribution rights, GP MLPs have higher distribution growth
prospects than their underlying master limited partnerships, but
quarterly incentive distribution payments would also decline at
a greater rate than the decline rate in quarterly distributions
to common and subordinated unit holders in the event of a
reduction in the master limited partnerships quarterly
distribution. The ability of the limited partners or members to
remove the general partner or managing member without cause is
typically very limited. In addition, some master limited
partnerships permit the holder of incentive distribution rights
to reset, under specified circumstances, the incentive
distribution levels and receive compensation in exchange for the
incentive distribution rights given up in the reset.
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I-Shares. I-Shares represent an
ownership interest issued by an MLP affiliate. The MLP affiliate
uses the proceeds from the sale of I-Shares to purchase limited
partnership interests in the MLP in the form of
I-units.
Thus, I-Shares represent an indirect limited partner interest in
the master limited partnership.
I-units have
features similar to MLP common units in terms of voting rights,
liquidation preference and distribution. I-Shares differ from
MLP common units primarily in that instead of receiving cash
distributions, holders of I-Shares will receive distributions of
additional I-Shares in an amount equal to the cash distributions
received by common unit holders. I-Shares are traded on the NYSE
or the AMEX.
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Other Equity Securities |
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The Fund may invest in equity securities of issuers other than
MLPs, including common stocks of Other Natural Resource
Companies and issuers engaged in other sectors, including the
finance and real estate sectors. Such issuers may be organized
and/or taxed
as corporations and therefore may not offer the advantageous tax
characteristics of master limited partnership units. |
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Debt Securities |
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The Fund may invest in debt securities rated, at the time of
investment, at least (i) B3 by Moodys Investors
Service, Inc., (ii) B- by Standard & Poors
or Fitch Ratings, or (iii) a comparable rating by another
rating agency, provided, however, that the Fund may invest up to
5% of the Funds Managed Assets in lower rated or unrated
debt securities. Debt securities rated below investment grade
are commonly known as junk bonds and are regarded as
predominantly speculative with respect to the issuers
capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with
the terms of the obligations, and involve major risk exposure to
adverse conditions. |
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Non-U.S. Securities |
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The Fund may invest in
non-U.S. securities,
including, among other things, American Depositary Receipts, or
ADRs. ADRs are certificates evidencing ownership of
shares of a
non-U.S. issuer
that are issued by depositary banks and generally trade on an
established market in the United States or elsewhere. |
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Investment Characteristics |
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The Investment Adviser believes that the following
characteristics of MLPs make them attractive investments: |
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Many MLPs are utility-like in nature and have
relatively stable, predictable cash flows.
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MLPs provide services which help meet the largely
inelastic demand of U.S. energy consumers.
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Transportation assets in the interstate and
intrastate pipeline sector are typically backed by relatively
long-term contracts and stable transportation rates (or tariffs)
that are regulated by the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission (FERC) or by state regulatory commissions.
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High barriers to entry may protect the business
model of some MLPs, since construction of the physical assets
typically owned by these MLPs generally requires significant
capital expenditures and long lead times.
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As the location and quality of natural resource
supplies change, new midstream infrastructure such as gathering
and transportation pipelines, treating and processing
facilities, and storage facilities is needed to meet these new
logistical needs. Similarly, as the demographics of demand
centers change, new infrastructure is often needed. MLPs are
integral providers of these midstream needs.
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Requirements for new and additional transportation
fuel compositions (e.g., reduced sulfur diesel and ethanol
blends) require additional logistical assets. MLPs are integral
providers of these logistical needs.
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Midstream assets are typically long-lived and tend
to retain their economic value, and the risk of technological
obsolescence is low.
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Master limited partnerships are
pass-through entities and do not pay federal income
taxes at the entity level. In general, a portion of their
distributions are treated as a return of capital.
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In addition to their growth potential, MLP
investments are currently offering higher yields than some
investments, such as utilities and real estate investment trusts
(REITs). Of course, there can be no guarantee that
the MLP investments in the Funds portfolio will generate
higher yields than these other asset classes, and since the
Investment Adviser will seek to maximize total return through a
focus on master limited partnerships and GP MLPs with strong
distribution growth prospects, the Investment Adviser believes
the distribution yield of the Fund will be lower than it would
be under a more diversified investment approach.
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An investment in MLPs also involves risks, some of which are
described below under Principal Risks of the
Fund. |
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Investment Adviser |
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The Funds investments will be managed by its Investment
Adviser, Swank Energy Income Advisors, LP. The Investment
Adviser is also investment adviser to the Affiliated Funds,
which invest primarily in securities of MLPs and Other Natural
Resource Companies and global commodities. Since 2003, the
Investment Adviser has managed the Affiliated Funds with a focus
on achieving a high after-tax total return from a combination of
capital appreciation and tax-advantaged current income (as
opposed to relative performance against a benchmark index). The
Investment Adviser seeks to identify and exploit investment
niches it believes are generally less understood and less
followed by the broader investor community. |
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As of May 1, 2007, the Investment Adviser managed
approximately $2 billion in assets on behalf of
institutional and private investors around the world. |
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The Fund has agreed to pay the Investment Adviser, as
compensation for the services rendered by it, a management fee
equal on an annual basis to 1% of the Funds Managed
Assets. See Management of the Fund Investment
Management Agreement. |
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Competitive Strengths |
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The Investment Adviser considers itself one of the principal
professional institutional investors in the MLP space based on
the following: |
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An investment team with extensive experience in MLP
analysis and investment, portfolio management, risk management,
and private securities transactions.
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A focus on bottom-up, fundamental analysis performed
by its experienced investment team.
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The investment teams wide range of
professional backgrounds, market knowledge, industry
relationships, and experience in the analysis, financing, and
structuring of MLP investments give the Investment Adviser
insight into, and the ability to identify and capitalize on,
investment opportunities in MLPs and Other Natural Resource
Companies.
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Its central location in Dallas, Texas and proximity
to major players and assets in the MLP space.
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Administrator |
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will provide the Fund with administrative services. |
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Distributions |
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Commencing with the Funds initial distribution, the Fund
intends to make regular quarterly cash distributions of all or a
portion of its income to its common shareholders. The Fund
expects to declare the initial quarterly dividend on the
Funds common shares within approximately 120 days
after the completion of this offering and to pay its initial
distribution on or
about 2007. |
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The Fund anticipates that, due to the tax characterization of
cash distributions made by master limited partnerships, a
significant portion of the Funds distributions to common
shareholders will consist of tax-advantaged return of capital
for U.S. federal income tax purposes. To permit it to
maintain a more stable quarterly distribution rate, the Fund may
distribute less or more than the entire amount of cash it
receives from its investments in a particular period. Any
undistributed cash would be available to supplement future
distributions, and until distributed would add to the
Funds net asset value. Correspondingly, such amounts, once
distributed, will be deducted from the Funds net asset
value. See Distributions and Dividend
Reinvestment Plan. Shareholders will automatically have
all distributions reinvested in common shares issued by the Fund
or common shares of the Fund purchased on the open market in
accordance with the Funds dividend reinvestment plan
unless an election is made to receive cash. See
Distributions and Dividend Reinvestment
Plan. Common shareholders who receive dividends in the
form of additional common shares will be subject to the same
U.S. federal, state and local tax consequences as common
shareholders who elect to receive their dividends in cash. |
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Use of Leverage |
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The Fund may seek to enhance its total returns through the use
of financial leverage, which may include the issuance of
Preferred Shares and other Leverage Instruments, in each case
within the applicable limits of the 1940 Act. The Fund expects
that it will initially leverage through borrowings in an
aggregate amount of up to approximately
331/3%
of its Managed Assets. The Fund in the future may decide to
leverage through the issuance of Preferred Shares or other
means. Thereafter total leverage of the Fund is expected to
range between 20% to 50% of the Funds Managed Assets. The
Fund may borrow from banks and other financial institutions. |
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To the extent the Fund borrows, the Fund will create financial
leverage. It will do so only when it expects to be able to
invest the proceeds at a higher rate of return than its cost of
borrowing. |
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The use of leverage for investment purposes creates
opportunities for greater total returns but at the same time
increases risk. When leverage is employed, the net asset value,
market price of the common shares and the yield to holders of
common shares may be more volatile. Any investment income or
gains earned with respect to the amounts borrowed in excess of
the interest due on the borrowing will augment the Funds
income. Conversely, if the investment performance with respect
to the amounts borrowed fails to cover the interest on such
borrowings, the value of the Funds common shares may
decrease more quickly than would otherwise be the case, and
distributions on the common shares would be reduced or
eliminated. Interest payments and fees incurred in connection
with such borrowings will reduce the |
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amount of net income available for distribution to common
shareholders. |
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Because the investment management fee paid to the Investment
Adviser is calculated on the basis of the Funds Managed
Assets, which include the proceeds of leverage, the dollar
amount of the management fee paid by the Fund to the Investment
Adviser will be higher (and the Investment Adviser will be
benefited to that extent) when leverage is utilized. The
Investment Adviser will utilize leverage only if it believes
such action would result in a net benefit to the Funds
shareholders after taking into account the higher fees and
expenses associated with leverage (including higher management
fees). |
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The Funds leveraging strategy may not be successful. See
Principal Risks of the Fund Leverage
Risk. |
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Tax Treatment of the Fund |
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The Fund will be treated as a regular corporation, or
C corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Accordingly, the Fund generally will be subject to U.S. federal
income tax on its taxable income at the graduated rates
applicable to corporations (currently at a maximum rate of 35%).
In addition, as a regular corporation, the Fund may be subject
to state income tax by reason of its investments in equity
securities of MLPs. The Fund may be subject to a 20% alternative
minimum tax on its alternative minimum taxable income to the
extent that the alternative minimum tax exceeds the Funds
regular income tax liability. The Funds payments of U.S.
corporate income tax or alternative minimum tax could materially
reduce the amount of cash available for the Fund to make
distributions on the shares. In addition, distributions to
shareholders of the Fund will be taxed under federal income tax
laws applicable to corporate distributions, and thus the
Funds taxable income will be subject to a double layer of
taxation. |
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Principal Risks of the Fund |
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General |
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Risk is inherent in all investing. The following discussion
summarizes some of the risks that a potential investor should
consider before deciding to purchase the Funds common
shares. |
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No Operating or Trading History. The Fund is a
newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end management
investment company and it has no operating or public trading
history. Being a recently organized company, the Fund is subject
to all of the business risks and uncertainties associated with
any new business, including the risk that the Fund will not
achieve its investment objective and that the value of an
investment in the Fund could decline substantially. |
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Investment and Market Risk. An investment in
the Funds common shares is subject to investment risk,
including the possible loss of an investors entire
investment. An investment in the Funds common shares
represents an indirect investment in the securities owned by the
Fund, some of which will be traded on a national securities
exchange or in the
over-the-counter
markets. The value of the securities in the Funds
portfolio, like other market investments, may move up or down,
sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. The value of the securities
in which the Fund invests will affect the value of its common
shares. The Funds common shares at any point in time may
be worth |
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less than at the time of original investment, even after taking
into account the reinvestment of the Funds dividends. The
Fund is primarily a long-term investment vehicle and should not
be used for short-term trading. An investment in the Funds
common shares is not intended to constitute a complete
investment program and should not be viewed as such. |
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Market Discount From Net Asset Value
Risk. Shares of closed-end funds frequently trade
at discounts to their net asset value. This characteristic is a
risk separate and distinct from the risk that the Funds
net asset value could decrease as a result of its investment
activities and may be greater for investors expecting to sell
their shares in a relatively short period following completion
of this offering. The net asset value of the Funds common
shares will be reduced immediately following the offering as a
result of the payment of certain offering costs. Although the
value of the Funds net assets is generally considered by
market participants in determining whether to purchase or sell
shares, whether investors will realize gains or losses upon the
sale of the Funds common shares will depend entirely upon
whether the market price of its common shares at the time of
sale is above or below the investors purchase price for
the Funds common shares. Because the market price of the
Funds common shares will be affected by factors such as
net asset value, dividend or distribution levels (which are
dependent, in part, on expenses), supply of and demand for the
Funds common shares, stability of dividends or
distributions, trading volume of the Funds common shares,
general market and economic conditions, and other factors beyond
the control of the Fund, the Fund cannot predict whether its
common shares will trade at, below or above net asset value or
at, below or above the initial public offering price. |
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Sector Concentration Risk |
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Under normal market conditions, and once it is fully invested in
accordance with its investment objective, the Fund will have at
least 80% of its Managed Assets invested in securities of MLPs
operating primarily in the natural resource sector. There are
risks inherent in the natural resource sector and the businesses
of MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies, including those
described below. |
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MLP and Other Natural Resource Company Risks |
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Commodity Price Risk. The return on the
Funds investments in MLPs and Other Natural Resource
Companies will be dependent on the operating margins received
and cash flows generated by those companies from the exploration
for, and development, production, gathering, transportation,
processing, storage, refining, distribution, mining or marketing
of, coal, natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil, refined
petroleum products or other hydrocarbons. These operating
margins and cash flows may fluctuate widely in response to a
variety of factors, including global and domestic economic
conditions, weather conditions, natural disasters, the supply
and price of imported natural resources, political instability,
conservation efforts and governmental regulation. Natural
resource commodity prices have been very volatile in the past
and such volatility is expected to continue. |
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MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies engaged in crude oil
and natural gas exploration, development or production, natural
gas gathering and processing, crude oil refining and
transportation and coal mining or sales may be directly affected
by their respective natural resource commodity prices. The
volatility of, and interrelationships between, commodity prices
can also indirectly affect certain MLPs and Other Natural
Resource Companies due to the potential impact on the volume of
commodities transported, processed, stored or distributed. Some
MLPs or Other Natural Resource Companies that own the underlying
energy commodity may be unable to effectively mitigate or manage
direct margin exposure to commodity price levels. The prices of
MLP and Other Natural Resource Companies securities can be
adversely affected by market perceptions that their performance
and distributions or dividends are directly tied to commodity
prices. |
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Cyclicality Risk. The operating results of
companies in the broader natural resource sector are cyclical,
with fluctuations in commodity prices and demand for commodities
driven by a variety of factors. Commodity prices and natural
resource asset values are near historically high levels. The
highly cyclical nature of the natural resource sector may
adversely affect the earnings or operating cash flows of the
MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies in which the Fund will
invest. |
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Supply Risk. The profitability of MLPs and
Other Natural Resource Companies, particularly those involved in
processing, gathering and pipeline transportation, may be
materially impacted by the volume of natural gas or other energy
commodities available for transportation, processing, storage or
distribution. A significant decrease in the production of
natural gas, crude oil, coal or other energy commodities, due to
the decline of production from existing resources, import supply
disruption, depressed commodity prices or otherwise, would
reduce the revenue, operating income and operating cash flows of
MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies and, therefore, their
ability to make distributions or pay dividends. |
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Demand Risk. A sustained decline in demand for
coal, natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil and refined
petroleum products could adversely affect an MLPs or an
Other Natural Resource Companys revenues and cash flows.
Factors that could lead to a sustained decrease in market demand
include a recession or other adverse economic conditions, an
increase in the market price of the underlying commodity that is
not, or is not expected to be, merely a short-term increase,
higher taxes or other regulatory actions that increase costs, or
a shift in consumer demand for such products. Demand may also be
adversely affected by consumer sentiment with respect to global
warming and by state or federal legislation intended to promote
the use of alternative energy sources. |
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Risks Relating to Expansions and
Acquisitions. MLPs and Other Natural Resource
Companies employ a variety of means to increase cash flow,
including increasing utilization of existing facilities,
expanding operations through new construction or development
activities, expanding operations through acquisitions, or
securing |
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additional long-term contracts. Thus, some MLPs or Other Natural
Resource Companies may be subject to construction risk,
development risk, acquisition risk or other risks arising from
their specific business strategies. MLPs and Other Natural
Resource Companies that attempt to grow through acquisitions may
not be able to effectively integrate acquired operations with
their existing operations. In addition, acquisition or expansion
projects may not perform as anticipated. A significant slowdown
in merger and acquisition activity in the natural resource
sector could reduce the growth rate of cash flows received by
the Fund from MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies that
grow through acquisitions. |
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Competition Risk. The natural resource sector
is highly competitive. The MLPs and Other Natural Resource
Companies in which the Fund will invest will face substantial
competition from other companies, many of which will have
greater financial, technological, human and other resources, in
acquiring natural resource assets, obtaining and retaining
customers and contracts and hiring and retaining qualified
personnel. Larger companies may be able to pay more for assets
and may have a greater ability to continue their operations
during periods of low commodity prices. To the extent that the
MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies in which the Fund will
invest are unable to compete effectively, their operating
results, financial position, growth potential and cash flows may
be adversely affected, which could in turn adversely affect the
results of the Fund. |
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Weather Risk. Extreme weather conditions, such
as Hurricane Ivan in 2004 and Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in
2005, could result in substantial damage to the facilities of
certain MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies located in the
affected areas and significant volatility in the supply of
natural resources, commodity prices and the earnings of MLPs and
Other Natural Resource Companies, and could therefore adversely
affect their securities. |
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Interest Rate Risk. The prices of the equity
and debt securities of the MLPs and Other Natural Resource
Companies the Fund expects to hold in its portfolio are
susceptible in the short term to a decline when interest rates
rise. Rising interest rates could limit the capital appreciation
of securities of certain MLPs as a result of the increased
availability of alternative investments with yields comparable
to those of MLPs. Rising interest rates could adversely impact
the financial performance of MLPs and Other Natural Resource
Companies by increasing their cost of capital. This may reduce
their ability to execute acquisitions or expansion projects in a
cost effective manner. |
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MLP Structure Risk. Holders of MLP units are
subject to certain risks inherent in the structure of MLPs,
including (i) tax risks (described further below),
(ii) the limited ability to elect or remove management or
the general partner or managing member (iii) limited voting
rights, except with respect to extraordinary transactions, and
(iv) conflicts of interest between the general partner or
managing member and its affiliates, on the one hand, and the
limited partners or members, on the other hand, including those
arising from incentive distribution payments or corporate
opportunities. |
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Sub-Sector
Specific Risk. MLPs and Other Natural Resource
Companies are also subject to risks that are specific to the
particular
sub-sector
of the natural resources sector in which they operate. |
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Pipelines. Pipeline companies are
subject to the demand for natural gas, natural gas liquids,
crude oil or refined products in the markets they serve, changes
in the availability of products for gathering, transportation,
processing or sale due to natural declines in reserves and
production in the supply areas serviced by the companies
facilities, sharp decreases in crude oil or natural gas prices
that cause producers to curtail production or reduce capital
spending for exploration activities, and environmental
regulation. Demand for gasoline, which accounts for a
substantial portion of refined product transportation, depends
on price, prevailing economic conditions in the markets served,
and demographic and seasonal factors. Companies that own
interstate pipelines that transport natural gas, natural gas
liquids, crude oil or refined petroleum products are subject to
regulation by FERC with respect to the tariff rates they may
charge for transportation services. An adverse determination by
FERC with respect to the tariff rates of such a company could
have a material adverse effect on its business, financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows of those
companies and their ability to pay cash distributions or
dividends. In addition, there is substantial uncertainty
regarding the outcome of legal proceedings relating to
FERCs tax allowance policy, which permits such companies
to include in their cost of service an income tax allowance to
the extent that their owners have an actual or potential tax
liability on the income generated by them. If FERCs income
tax allowance policy were to change in the future to disallow a
material portion of the income tax allowance taken by such
interstate pipeline companies, it would adversely impact the
maximum tariff rates that such companies are permitted to charge
for their transportation services, which would in turn adversely
affect the results of operations and cash flows of those
companies and their ability to pay cash distributions or
dividends to their unit holders or shareholders.
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Gathering and
processing. Gathering and processing companies
are subject to natural declines in the production of oil and
natural gas fields, which utilize their gathering and processing
facilities as a way to market their production, prolonged
declines in the price of natural gas or crude oil, which
curtails drilling activity and therefore production, and
declines in the prices of natural gas liquids and refined
petroleum products, which cause lower processing margins. In
addition, some gathering and processing contracts subject the
gathering or processing company to direct commodities price risk.
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Exploration and
production. Exploration, development and
production companies are particularly vulnerable to declines in
the demand for and prices of crude oil and natural gas.
Reductions in prices for crude oil and natural gas can cause a
given reservoir to become uneconomic for continued production
earlier than it would if prices were higher, resulting in the
plugging and abandonment of, and cessation of production from,
that reservoir. In addition, lower commodity prices not only
reduce revenues but also can result in
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substantial downward adjustments in reserve estimates. The
accuracy of any reserve estimate is a function of the quality of
available data, the accuracy of assumptions regarding future
commodity prices and future exploration and development costs
and engineering and geological interpretations and judgments.
Different reserve engineers may make different estimates of
reserve quantities and related revenue based on the same data.
Actual oil and gas prices, development expenditures and
operating expenses will vary from those assumed in reserve
estimates, and these variances may be significant. Any
significant variance from the assumptions used could result in
the actual quantity of reserves and future net cash flow being
materially different from those estimated in reserve reports. In
addition, results of drilling, testing and production and
changes in prices after the date of reserve estimates may result
in downward revisions to such estimates. Substantial downward
adjustments in reserve estimates could have a material adverse
effect on a given exploration and production companys
financial position and results of operations. In addition, due
to natural declines in reserves and production, exploration and
production companies must economically find or acquire and
develop additional reserves in order to maintain and grow their
revenues and distributions. |
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Propane. Propane companies are
subject to earnings variability based upon weather patterns in
the locations where they operate and increases in the wholesale
price of propane which reduce profit margins. In addition,
propane companies are facing increased competition due to the
growing availability of natural gas, fuel oil and alternative
energy sources for residential heating.
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Coal. Coal companies are subject
to declines in the demand for and prices of coal. Demand
variability can be based on weather conditions, the strength of
the domestic economy, the level of coal stockpiles in their
customer base, and the prices of competing sources of fuel for
electric generation. They are also subject to supply variability
based on geological conditions that reduce the productivity of
mining operations, the availability of regulatory permits for
mining activities and the availability of coal that meets the
standards of the federal Clean Air Act of 1990, as amended (the
Clean Air Act). Demand and prices for coal may also
be affected by current and proposed regulatory limitations on
emissions from coal-fired power plants and the facilities of
other coal end users. Such limitations may reduce demand for the
coal produced and transported by coal companies. Certain coal
companies could face declining revenues if they are unable to
acquire additional coal reserves or other mineral reserves that
are economically recoverable.
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Marine shipping. Marine shipping
companies are subject to supply of and demand for, and level of
consumption of, natural gas, liquefied natural gas, crude oil,
refined petroleum products and liquefied petroleum gases in the
supply and market areas they serve, which affect the demand for
marine shipping services and therefore charter rates. Shipping
companies vessels and cargoes are also
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subject to the risk of being damaged or lost due to marine
disasters, extreme weather, mechanical failures, grounding,
fire, explosions, collisions, human error, piracy, war and
terrorism. Some vessels may also require replacement or
significant capital improvements earlier than otherwise required
due to changing regulatory standards. Shipping companies or
their ships may be chartered in any country and the Funds
investments in such issuers may be subject to risks similar to
risks related to investments in
non-U.S. securities. |
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Cash Flow Risk. The Fund will derive
substantially all of its cash flow from investments in equity
securities of MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies. The
amount of cash that the Fund has available to distribute to
shareholders will depend on the ability of the MLPs and Other
Natural Resource Companies in which the Fund has an interest to
make distributions or pay dividends to their investors and the
tax character of those distributions or dividends. The Fund will
likely have no influence over the actions of the MLPs in which
it invests with respect to the payment of distributions or
dividends, and may only have limited influence over Other
Natural Resource Companies in that regard. The amount of cash
that any individual MLP or Other Natural Resource Company can
distribute to its investors, including the Fund, will depend on
the amount of cash it generates from operations, which will vary
from quarter to quarter depending on factors affecting the
natural resource sector generally and the particular business
lines of the issuer. Available cash will also depend on the
MLPs or Other Natural Resource Companys operating
costs, capital expenditures, debt service requirements,
acquisition costs (if any), fluctuations in working capital
needs and other factors. The cash that a master limited
partnership will have available for distribution will also
depend on the incentive distributions payable to its general
partner or managing member in connection with distributions paid
to its equity investors. |
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Regulatory Risk. The profitability of MLPs and
Other Natural Resource Companies could be adversely affected by
changes in the regulatory environment. MLPs and Other Natural
Resource Companies are subject to significant foreign, federal,
state and local regulation in virtually every aspect of their
operations, including with respect to how facilities are
constructed, maintained and operated, environmental and safety
controls, and the prices they may charge for the products and
services they provide. Such regulation can change over time in
both scope and intensity. For example, a particular by-product
may be declared hazardous by a regulatory agency and
unexpectedly increase production costs. Various governmental
authorities have the power to enforce compliance with these
regulations and the permits issued under them, and violators are
subject to administrative, civil and criminal penalties,
including civil fines, injunctions or both. Stricter laws,
regulations or enforcement policies could be enacted in the
future which would likely increase compliance costs and may
adversely affect the financial performance of MLPs and Other
Natural Resource Companies. |
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Specifically, the operations of wells, gathering systems,
pipelines, refineries and other facilities are subject to
stringent and complex |
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federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations.
These include, for example: |
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the federal Clean Air Act and comparable state laws
and regulations that impose obligations related to air emissions;
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the federal Clean Water Act and comparable state
laws and regulations that impose obligations related to
discharges of pollutants into regulated bodies of water;
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the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) and comparable state laws and regulations
that impose requirements for the handling and disposal of waste
from facilities; and
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the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response,
Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA),
also known as Superfund, and comparable state laws
and regulations that regulate the cleanup of hazardous
substances that may have been released at properties currently
or previously owned or operated by MLPs and Other Natural
Resource Companies or at locations to which they have sent waste
for disposal.
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Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may trigger a
variety of administrative, civil and criminal enforcement
measures, including the assessment of monetary penalties, the
imposition of remedial requirements, and the issuance of orders
enjoining future operations. Certain environmental statutes,
including RCRA, CERCLA, the federal Oil Pollution Act and
analogous state laws and regulations, impose strict, joint and
several liability for costs required to clean up and restore
sites where hazardous substances have been disposed of or
otherwise released. Moreover, it is not uncommon for neighboring
landowners and other third parties to file claims for personal
injury and property damage allegedly caused by the release of
hazardous substances or other waste products into the
environment. |
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There is an inherent risk that MLPs and Other Natural Resource
Companies may incur environmental costs and liabilities due to
the nature of their businesses and the substances they handle.
For example, an accidental release from wells or gathering
pipelines could subject them to substantial liabilities for
environmental cleanup and restoration costs, claims made by
neighboring landowners and other third parties for personal
injury and property damage, and fines or penalties for related
violations of environmental laws or regulations. Moreover, the
possibility exists that stricter laws, regulations or
enforcement policies could significantly increase the compliance
costs of MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies, and the cost
of any remediation that may become necessary. MLPs and Other
Natural Resource Companies may not be able to recover these
costs from insurance. |
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Proposals for voluntary initiatives and mandatory controls are
being discussed both in the United States and worldwide to
reduce emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon
dioxide, a by-product of burning fossil fuels, and methane, the
major constituent of natural gas, which many scientists and
policymakers believe contribute to global climate change. These
measures, if adopted, could result in increased costs to |
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certain companies in which the Fund may invest to operate and
maintain Natural Resource facilities and administer and manage a
greenhouse gas emissions program. |
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In the wake of a recent Supreme Court decision holding that the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has some legal
authority to deal with climate change under the Clean Air Act,
the federal government announced on May 14, 2007 that the
EPA and the Departments of Transportation, Energy, and
Agriculture would jointly write regulations to cut gasoline use
and control greenhouse gas emissions from cars and trucks. These
measures if adopted could reduce demand for energy or raise
prices, which may adversely affect the total return of certain
of the Funds investments. |
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Affiliated Party Risk. Certain MLPs and Other
Natural Resource Companies are dependent on their parents or
sponsors for a majority of their revenues. Any failure by an
MLPs or an Other Natural Resource Companys parents
or sponsors to satisfy their payments or obligations would
impact the MLPs or Other Natural Resource Companys
revenues and cash flows and ability to make distributions.
Moreover, the terms of an MLPs or an Other Natural
Resource Companys transactions with its parent or sponsor
are typically not arrived at on an arms-length basis, and
may not be as favorable to the MLP or Other Natural Resource
Company as a transaction with a non-affiliate. |
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Catastrophe Risk. The operations of MLPs and
Other Natural Resource Companies are subject to many hazards
inherent in the exploration for, and development, production,
gathering, transportation, processing, storage, refining,
distribution, mining or marketing of coal, natural gas, natural
gas liquids, crude oil, refined petroleum products or other
hydrocarbons, including: damage to production equipment,
pipelines, storage tanks or related equipment and surrounding
properties caused by hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, fires and
other natural disasters or by acts of terrorism; inadvertent
damage from construction or other equipment; leaks of natural
gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil, refined petroleum products
or other hydrocarbons; and fires and explosions. These risks
could result in substantial losses due to personal injury or
loss of life, severe damage to and destruction of property and
equipment and pollution or other environmental damage, and may
result in the curtailment or suspension of their related
operations. Not all MLPs or Other Natural Resource Companies are
fully insured against all risks inherent to their businesses. If
a significant accident or event occurs that is not fully
insured, it could adversely affect the MLPs or Other
Natural Resource Companys operations and financial
condition. |
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Risks Associated with an Investment in IPOs |
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Securities purchased in IPOs are often subject to the general
risks associated with investments in companies with small market
capitalizations, and typically to a heightened degree.
Securities issued in IPOs have no trading history, and
information about the companies may be available for very
limited periods. In addition, the prices of securities sold in
an IPO may be highly volatile. At any particular time or from
time to time, the Fund may not be able to invest in IPOs, or to |
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invest to the extent desired, because, for example, only a small
portion (if any) of the securities being offered in an IPO may
be available to the Fund. In addition, under certain market
conditions, a relatively small number of companies may issue
securities in IPOs. The investment performance of the Fund
during periods when it is unable to invest significantly or at
all in IPOs may be lower than during periods when it is able to
do so. |
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IPO securities may be volatile, and the Fund cannot predict
whether investments in IPOs will be successful. As the Fund
grows in size, the positive effect of IPO investments on the
Fund may decrease. |
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Risks Associated with an Investment in PIPE Transactions |
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PIPE investors purchase securities directly from a publicly
traded company in a private placement transaction, typically at
a discount to the market price of the companys common
stock. Because the sale of the securities is not registered
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the
Securities Act), the securities are
restricted and cannot be immediately resold by the
investors into the public markets. Accordingly, the company
typically agrees as part of the PIPE deal to register the
restricted securities with the SEC. PIPE securities may be
deemed illiquid. |
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Privately Held Company Risk |
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Investing in privately held companies involves risk. For
example, privately held companies are not subject to SEC
reporting requirements, are not required to maintain their
accounting records in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, and are not required to maintain
effective internal controls over financial reporting. As a
result, the Investment Adviser may not have timely or accurate
information about the business, financial condition and results
of operations of the privately held companies in which the Fund
invests. In addition, the securities of privately held companies
are generally illiquid, and entail the risks described under
Liquidity Risk below. |
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Liquidity Risk |
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The investments made by the Fund, including investments in MLPs,
may be illiquid and consequently the Fund may not be able to
sell such investments at prices that reflect the Investment
Advisers assessment of their value, the value at which the
Fund is carrying the securities on its books or the amount paid
for such investments by the Fund. Furthermore, the nature of the
Funds investments may require a long holding period prior
to profitability. |
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Although the equity securities of the MLPs and Other Natural
Resource Companies in which the Fund invests generally trade on
major stock exchanges, certain securities may trade less
frequently, particularly those with smaller capitalizations.
Securities with limited trading volumes may display volatile or
erratic price movements. Investment of the Funds capital
in securities that are less actively traded or over time
experience decreased trading volume may restrict the Funds
ability to take advantage of other market opportunities. |
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The Fund also expects to invest in unregistered or otherwise
restricted securities. Unregistered securities are securities
that cannot be sold publicly in the United States without
registration under the Securities Act, unless an exemption from
such registration is available. Restricted securities may be
more difficult to value and the Fund may have difficulty
disposing of such assets either in a timely manner or for a
reasonable price. In order to dispose of an unregistered
security, the Fund, where it has contractual rights to do so,
may have to cause such security to be registered. A considerable
period may elapse between the time the decision is made to sell
the security and the time the security is registered so that the
Fund could sell it. Contractual restrictions on the resale of
securities vary in length and scope and are generally the result
of a negotiation between the issuer and acquiror of the
securities. The Fund would, in either case, bear the risks of
any downward price fluctuation during that period. The
difficulties and delays associated with selling restricted
securities could result in the Funds inability to realize
a favorable price upon disposition of such securities, and at
times might make disposition of such securities impossible. |
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Tax Risks |
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In addition to other risk considerations, an investment in the
Funds common shares will involve certain tax risks,
including, but not limited to, the risks summarized below and
discussed in more detail elsewhere in this prospectus. Tax
matters are complicated, and the foreign and U.S. federal,
state and local tax consequences of the purchase and ownership
of the Funds common shares will depend on the facts of
each investors situation. Prospective investors are
encouraged to consult their own tax advisers regarding the
specific tax consequences that may affect such investors. |
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Tax Law Changes. Changes in tax laws,
regulations or interpretations thereof in the future could
adversely affect the Fund or the MLPs or Other Natural Resource
Companies in which the Fund will invest. Any such changes could
negatively impact the Funds common shareholders.
Legislation could also negatively impact the amount and tax
characterization of dividends received by the Funds common
shareholders. Federal legislation has reduced the tax rate on
qualified dividend income to the rate applicable to long-term
capital gains, which is generally 15% for individuals, provided
a holding period requirement and certain other requirements are
met. This reduced rate of tax on dividends is currently
scheduled to revert to ordinary income tax rates for taxable
years beginning after December 31, 2010, and the 15%
federal income tax rate for long-term capital gains is scheduled
to revert to 20% for such taxable years. |
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Tax Risk of MLPs. The Funds ability to
meet its investment objective will depend partially on the
amounts of taxable income, distributions and dividends it
receives from the securities in which it will invest, a factor
over which it has no control. The benefit the Fund will derive
from its investment in master limited partnerships is largely
dependent on the master limited partnerships being treated
as partnerships for federal income tax purposes. As a
partnership, a master limited partnership has no federal income
tax liability at the entity |
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level. If, as a result of a change in current law or a change in
a master limited partnerships business, a master limited
partnership were to be treated as a corporation for federal
income tax purposes, it would be subject to federal income tax
on its income at the graduated tax rates applicable to
corporations (currently a maximum rate of 35%). In addition, if
a master limited partnership were to be classified as a
corporation for federal income tax purposes, the amount of cash
available for distribution by it would be reduced and
distributions received by the Fund from it would be taxed under
federal income tax laws applicable to corporate distributions
(as dividend income, return of capital, or capital gain).
Therefore, treatment of master limited partnerships as
corporations for federal income tax purposes would result in a
reduction in the after-tax return to the Fund, likely causing a
reduction in the value of the Funds common shares. |
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Deferred Tax Risks of MLPs. As a limited
partner or member in the MLPs in which the Fund will invest, the
Fund will be required to include in its taxable income its
allocable share of income, gains, losses, deductions, and
credits from those master limited partnerships, regardless of
whether they distribute any cash to the Fund. Historically, a
significant portion of the income from master limited
partnerships has been offset by tax deductions. The Fund will
incur a current tax liability on its allocable share of a master
limited partnerships income and gains that is not offset
by tax deductions, losses and credits, or its net operating loss
carryforwards, if any. The portion, if any, of a distribution
received by the Fund from a master limited partnership that is
offset by the master limited partnerships tax deductions,
losses or credits will be treated as a tax-advantaged return of
capital. However, those distributions will reduce the
Funds adjusted tax basis in the equity securities of the
master limited partnership, which will result in an increase in
the amount of gain (or decrease in the amount of loss) that will
be recognized by the Fund for tax purposes upon the sale of any
such equity securities or upon subsequent distributions in
respect of such equity securities. The percentage of a master
limited partnerships income and gains that is offset by
tax deductions, losses and credits will fluctuate over time for
various reasons. A significant slowdown in acquisition activity
or capital spending by master limited partnerships held in the
Funds portfolio could result in a reduction of accelerated
depreciation generated by new acquisitions, which may result in
increased current tax liability for the Fund. |
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The Fund will accrue deferred income taxes for its future tax
liability associated with that portion of master limited
partnership distributions considered to be a tax-advantaged
return of capital, as well as for its future tax liability
associated with the capital appreciation of its investments.
Upon the Funds sale of a master limited partnership
security, the Fund may be liable for previously deferred taxes.
The Fund will rely to some extent on information provided by
master limited partnerships, which is not necessarily timely, to
estimate deferred tax liability for purposes of financial
statement reporting and determining its net asset value. From
time to time, the Fund will modify its estimates or assumptions
regarding its deferred tax liability as new information becomes
available. |
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Tax Risks of Corporations. The Fund intends to
invest in companies that are classified as corporations for
federal income tax purposes. Any distributions received by the
Fund from these companies will be taxed under federal income tax
laws applicable to corporate distributions (as dividend income,
return of capital or capital gain). The amount of a corporate
distribution taxable to the Fund as a dividend will depend upon
the earnings and profits of the company making the distribution.
Historically, the types of corporate Other Natural Resource
Companies in which the Fund intends to invest generally have
paid dividends to their equity holders in excess of earnings and
profits. However, the earnings and profits of an Other Natural
Resource Company will fluctuate over time for a variety of
reasons, including those discussed herein. An increase in a
corporations earnings and profits may result in a greater
proportion of its corporate distributions being treated as a
taxable dividend, resulting in an increased current tax
liability to the Fund. In addition, the Fund may invest in
certain foreign entities that constitute passive foreign
investment companies (PFICs) for U.S. federal
income tax purposes. As a result of an investment in a PFIC, the
Fund may be subject to an interest charge or, if it makes a
certain election, may be required to recognize taxable income
related to such investment prior to its receipt of the
corresponding cash. |
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Deferred Tax Risks of Investing in the Funds Common
Shares. A reduction in the percentage of the
distributions received by the Fund that are offset by tax
deductions, losses or credits, or an increase in its portfolio
turnover, will reduce that portion of its common share dividend
treated as a tax-advantaged return of capital and increase that
portion treated as dividend income, resulting in lower after-tax
dividends to its common shareholders. See Tax
Matters. |
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Risks Associated with an Investment in
Non-U.S. Companies |
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Non-U.S. Securities
Risk. Investing in securities of
non-U.S. issuers
involves certain risks not involved in domestic investments,
including, but not limited to: fluctuations in currency exchange
rates; future foreign economic, financial, political and social
developments; different legal systems; the possible imposition
of exchange controls or other foreign governmental laws or
restrictions; lower trading volume; greater price volatility and
illiquidity; different trading and settlement practices; less
governmental supervision; high and volatile rates of inflation;
fluctuating interest rates; less publicly available information;
and different accounting, auditing and financial recordkeeping
standards and requirements. |
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Non-U.S. Currency
Risk. Because the Fund may invest in securities
denominated or quoted in
non-U.S. currencies,
changes in the
non-U.S. currency/U.S. dollar
exchange rate may affect the value of the Funds securities
and the unrealized appreciation or depreciation of its
investments. |
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Currency Hedging Risk. The Fund may in the
future hedge against currency risk resulting from investing in
non-U.S. MLPs
and Other Natural Resource Companies valued in
non-U.S. currencies.
Currency hedging transactions in which the Fund may engage
include buying or |
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selling options or futures or entering into other foreign
currency transactions including forward foreign currency
contracts, currency swaps or options on currency and currency
futures and other derivatives transactions. Hedging transactions
can be expensive and have risks, including the imperfect
correlation between the value of such instruments and the
underlying assets, the possible default of the other party to
the transaction or the illiquidity of the derivative
instruments. Furthermore, the ability to successfully use
hedging transactions depends on the Investment Advisers
ability to predict pertinent market movements, which cannot be
assured. Thus, the use of hedging transactions may result in
losses greater than if they had not been used, may require the
Fund to sell or purchase portfolio securities at inopportune
times or for prices other than current market values, may limit
the amount of appreciation the Fund can realize on an
investment, or may cause the Fund to hold a security that the
Fund might otherwise sell. The use of hedging transactions may
result in the Fund incurring losses as a result of matters
beyond the Funds control. For example losses may be
incurred because of the imposition of exchange controls, the
suspension of settlements or the Funds inability to
deliver or receive a specified currency. |
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Emerging Markets Risk. Investments in emerging
markets instruments, while generally providing greater potential
opportunity for capital appreciation and higher yields than
investments in more developed market instruments, may also
involve greater risk. Emerging markets may be subject to
economic, social and political risks not applicable to
instruments of developed market issuers, such as repatriation,
exchange control or other monetary restrictions, taxation risks,
and special considerations due to limited publicly available
information, less stringent regulatory standards, and lack of
uniformity in accounting. |
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With respect to certain countries, there is a possibility of
expropriation, confiscatory taxation, imposition of withholding
or other taxes on dividends, interest, capital gains or other
income, limitations on the removal of funds or other assets of
the Fund, political or social instability or diplomatic
developments that could affect investments in those countries.
An issuer of securities may be domiciled in a country other than
the country in whose currency the instrument is denominated. The
values and relative yields of investments in the securities
markets of different countries, and their associated risks, are
expected to change independently of each other. |
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Interest Rate Risk |
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The costs associated with any leverage used by the Fund are
likely to increase when interest rates rise. Accordingly, the
market price of the Funds common shares may decline when
interest rates rise. |
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Legal and Regulatory Risk |
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Legal, tax and regulatory changes could occur during the term of
the Fund that may adversely affect the Fund. The regulatory
environment for closed-end funds is evolving, and changes in the
regulation of closed-end funds may adversely affect the value of
investments held by the Fund and the ability of the Fund to
obtain the leverage it might |
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otherwise obtain or to pursue its trading strategy. In addition,
the securities and futures markets are subject to comprehensive
statutes, regulations and margin requirements. The SEC, other
regulators and self-regulatory organizations and exchanges are
authorized to take extraordinary actions in the event of market
emergencies. The regulation of derivatives transactions and
funds that engage in such transactions is an evolving area of
law and is subject to modification by governmental and judicial
action. The effect of any future regulatory change on the Fund
could be substantial and adverse. |
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Interest Rate Hedging Risk |
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The Fund may in the future hedge against interest rate risk
resulting from the Funds portfolio holdings and any
financial leverage it may incur. Interest rate transactions the
Fund may use for hedging purposes will expose the Fund to
certain risks that differ from the risks associated with its
portfolio holdings. There are economic costs of hedging
reflected in the price of interest rate swaps, caps and similar
techniques, the cost of which can be significant. In addition,
the Funds success in using hedging instruments is subject
to the Investment Advisers ability to correctly predict
changes in the relationships of such hedging instruments to the
Funds leverage risk, and there can be no assurance that
the Investment Advisers judgment in this respect will be
accurate. Depending on the state of interest rates in general,
the Funds use of interest rate hedging instruments could
enhance or decrease investment company taxable income available
to the holders of its common shares. To the extent there is a
decline in interest rates, the value of interest rate swaps or
caps could decline, and result in a decline in the net asset
value of the Funds common shares. In addition, if the
counterparty to an interest rate swap or cap defaults, the Fund
would not be able to use the anticipated net receipts under the
interest rate swap or cap to offset its cost of financial
leverage. |
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Arbitrage Risk |
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A part of the Investment Advisers investment operations
may involve spread positions between two or more securities, or
derivatives positions including commodities hedging positions,
or a combination of the foregoing. The Investment Advisers
trading operations also may involve arbitraging between two
securities or commodities, between the security, commodity and
related options or derivatives markets, between spot and futures
or forward markets,
and/or any
combination of the above. To the extent the price relationships
between such positions remain constant, no gain or loss on the
positions will occur. These offsetting positions entail
substantial risk that the price differential could change
unfavorably, causing a loss to the position. |
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Delay in Use of Proceeds |
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Although the Fund intends to invest the proceeds of this
offering in accordance with the Funds investment objective
as soon as practicable, such investments, particularly those in
unregistered or otherwise restricted securities, may be delayed
if suitable investments are unavailable at the time or if the
Fund is unable to secure firm commitments for direct placements.
The Fund anticipates that it will be fully invested in
accordance with its investment objective within |
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three months after the completion of the offering. Prior to the
time the Fund is fully invested, the proceeds of the offering
may temporarily be invested in cash, cash equivalents, or in
debt securities that are rated AA or higher. Income received by
the Fund from these securities would likely be less than returns
sought pursuant to the Funds investment objective and
policies. As a result, the return on the Funds common
shares in the first year of its investment operations is
expected to be lower than when the Fund is fully invested in
accordance with its investment objective and policies. See
Use of Proceeds. |
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Equity Securities Risk |
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Master limited partnership common units and other equity
securities of master limited partnerships and Other Natural
Resource Companies can be affected by macroeconomic, political,
global and other factors affecting the stock market in general,
expectations of interest rates, investor sentiment towards
master limited partnerships or the natural resource sector,
changes in a particular companys financial condition, or
the unfavorable or unanticipated poor performance of a
particular master limited partnership or Other Natural Resource
Company (which, in the case of a master limited partnership, is
generally measured in terms of distributable cash flow). Prices
of common units and other equity securities of individual master
limited partnerships and Other Natural Resource Companies can
also be affected by fundamentals unique to the partnership or
company, including earnings power and coverage ratios. |
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MLP Subordinated Units. Master limited
partnership subordinated units are not typically listed on an
exchange or publicly traded. Holders of master limited
partnership subordinated units are entitled to receive a
distribution only after the MQD has been paid to holders of
common units, but prior to payment of incentive distributions to
the general partner or managing member. Master limited
partnership subordinated units generally do not provide
arrearage rights. Most master limited partnership subordinated
units are convertible into common units after the passage of a
specified period of time or upon the achievement by the master
limited partnership of specified financial goals. |
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General Partner and Managing Member
Interests. General partner and managing member
interests are not publicly traded, though they may be owned by
publicly traded entities such as GP MLPs. A holder of general
partner or managing member interests can be liable in certain
circumstances for amounts greater than the amount of the
holders investment. In addition, while a general partner
or managing members incentive distribution rights can mean
that general partners and managing members have higher
distribution growth prospects than their underlying master
limited partnerships, these incentive distribution payments
would decline at a greater rate than the decline rate in
quarterly distributions to common or subordinated unit holders
in the event of a reduction in the master limited
partnerships quarterly distribution. A general partner or
managing member interest can be redeemed by the master limited
partnership if the master limited |
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partnership unit holders choose to remove the general partner,
typically by a supermajority vote of the limited partners or
members. |
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Small-Cap and Mid-Cap Company Risk |
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Certain of the MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies in
which the Fund may invest may have small or medium-sized market
capitalizations (small-cap and mid-cap
companies, respectively). Investing in the securities of
small-cap or mid-cap MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies
presents some particular investment risks. These MLPs and Other
Natural Resource Companies may have limited product lines and
markets, as well as shorter operating histories, less
experienced management and more limited financial resources than
larger MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies, and may be
more vulnerable to adverse general market or economic
developments. Stocks of these MLPs and Other Natural Resource
Companies may be less liquid than those of larger MLPs and Other
Natural Resource Companies, and may experience greater price
fluctuations than larger MLPs and Other Natural Resource
Companies. In addition, small-cap or mid-cap company securities
may not be widely followed by investors, which may result in
reduced demand. |
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Leverage Risk |
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The Fund may use leverage through the issuance of Preferred
Shares, commercial paper or notes, other forms of borrowing or
both. The use of leverage, which can be described as exposure to
changes in price at a ratio greater than the amount of equity
invested, either through the issuance of Preferred Shares,
borrowing or other forms of market exposure, magnifies both the
favorable and unfavorable effects of price movements in the
investments made by the Fund. Insofar as the Fund employs
leverage in its investment operations, the Fund will be subject
to increased risk of loss. |
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Preferred Share Risk. Preferred Share risk is
the risk associated with the issuance of the Preferred Shares to
leverage the common shares. If the Fund issues Preferred Shares,
the net asset value and market value of the common shares will
be more volatile, and the yield to the holders of common shares
will tend to fluctuate with changes in the shorter-term dividend
rates on the Preferred Shares. If the dividend rate on the
Preferred Shares approaches the net rate of return on the
Funds investment portfolio, the benefit of leverage to the
holders of the common shares would be reduced. If the dividend
rate on the Preferred Shares exceeds the net rate of return on
the Funds portfolio, the leverage will result in a lower
rate of return to the holders of common shares than if the Fund
had not issued Preferred Shares. |
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In addition, the Fund will pay (and the holders of common shares
will bear) all costs and expenses relating to the issuance and
ongoing maintenance of the Preferred Shares, including higher
advisory fees. Accordingly, the Fund cannot assure you that the
issuance of Preferred Shares will result in a higher yield or
return to the holders of the common shares. Costs of the
offering of Preferred Shares will be borne immediately by the
Funds common shareholders and result in a reduction of net
asset value of the common shares. |
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Similarly, any decline in the net asset value of the Funds
investments will be borne entirely by the holders of common
shares. Therefore, if the market value of the Funds
portfolio declines, the leverage will result in a greater
decrease in net asset value to the holders of common shares than
if the Fund were not leveraged. This greater net asset value
decrease will also tend to cause a greater decline in the market
price for the common shares. The Fund might be in danger of
failing to maintain the required asset coverage of the Preferred
Shares or of losing its ratings on the Preferred Shares or, in
an extreme case, the Funds current investment income might
not be sufficient to meet the dividend requirements on the
Preferred Shares. In order to counteract such an event, the Fund
might need to liquidate investments in order to fund a
redemption of some or all of the Preferred Shares. Liquidation
at times of low municipal bond prices may result in capital loss
and may reduce returns to the holders of common shares. |
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Preferred Shareholders May Have Disproportionate Influence
over the Fund. If Preferred Shares are issued,
holders of Preferred Shares may have differing interests than
holders of common shares and holders of Preferred Shares may at
times have disproportionate influence over the Funds
affairs. If Preferred Shares are issued, holders of Preferred
Shares, voting separately as a single class, would have the
right to elect two members of the Board of Trustees at all
times. The remaining members of the Board of Trustees would be
elected by holders of common shares and Preferred Shares, voting
as a single class. The 1940 Act also requires that, in addition
to any approval by shareholders that might otherwise be
required, the approval of the holders of a majority of any
outstanding Preferred Shares, voting separately as a class,
would be required to (i) adopt any plan of reorganization
that would adversely affect the Preferred Shares and
(ii) take any action requiring a vote of security holders
under Section 13(a) of the 1940 Act, including, among other
things, changes in the Funds subclassification as a
closed-end fund or changes in its fundamental investment
restrictions. |
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Credit Facility. In the event the Fund
leverages through borrowings, the Fund may enter into definitive
agreements with respect to a credit facility. The Fund may
negotiate with commercial banks to arrange a credit facility
pursuant to which the Fund would be entitled to borrow an amount
equal to approximately
331/3
of the Funds Managed Assets (inclusive of the amount
borrowed). Any such borrowings would constitute financial
leverage. Such a facility is not expected to be convertible into
any other securities of the Fund. Any outstanding amounts are
expected to be prepayable by the Fund prior to final maturity
without significant penalty, and there are not expected to be
any sinking fund or mandatory retirement provisions. Outstanding
amounts would be payable at maturity or such earlier times as
required by the agreement. The Fund may be required to prepay
outstanding amounts under the facility or incur a penalty rate
of interest in the event of the occurrence of certain events of
default. The Fund would be expected to indemnify the lenders
under the facility against liabilities they may incur in
connection with the facility. The Fund may be required to pay
commitment fees under the terms of any such facility. With the
use of borrowings, there is a risk that the interest rates |
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paid by the Fund on the amount it borrows will be higher than
the return on the Funds investments. |
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The Fund expects that such a credit facility would contain
covenants that, among other things, likely will limit the
Funds ability to: (i) pay dividends in certain
circumstances, (ii) incur additional debt and
(iii) change its fundamental investment policies and engage
in certain transactions, including mergers and consolidations.
In addition, it may contain a covenant requiring asset coverage
ratios in addition to those required by the 1940 Act. The Fund
may be required to pledge its assets and to maintain a portion
of its assets in cash or high-grade securities as a reserve
against interest or principal payments and expenses. The Fund
expects that any credit facility would have customary covenant,
negative covenant and default provisions. There can be no
assurance that the Fund will enter into an agreement for a
credit facility on terms and conditions representative of the
foregoing or that additional material terms will not apply. In
addition, if entered into, any such credit facility may in the
future be replaced or refinanced by one or more credit
facilities having substantially different terms or by the
issuance of Preferred Shares. |
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Portfolio Guidelines of Rating Agencies for Preferred Share
and/or
Credit Facility. In order to obtain and maintain
the required ratings of loans from a credit facility, the Fund
will be required to comply with investment quality,
diversification and other guidelines established by Moodys
and/or
S&P or the credit facility, respectively. Such guidelines
will likely be more restrictive than the restrictions otherwise
applicable to the Fund as described in this prospectus. The Fund
does not anticipate that such guidelines would have a material
adverse effect on the Funds holders of common shares or
its ability to achieve its investment objective. No minimum
rating is required for the issuance of Preferred Shares by the
Fund. Moodys and S&P would receive fees in connection
with their ratings issuances. |
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Securities Lending Risk |
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The Fund may lend its portfolio securities (up to a maximum of
one-third of its Managed Assets) to banks or dealers which meet
the creditworthiness standards established by the Board of
Trustees of the Fund. Securities lending is subject to the risk
that loaned securities may not be available to the Fund on a
timely basis and the Fund may, therefore, lose the opportunity
to sell the securities at a desirable price. Any loss in the
market price of securities loaned by the Fund that occurs during
the term of the loan would be borne by the Fund and would
adversely affect the Funds performance. Also, there may be
delays in recovery, or no recovery, of securities loaned or even
a loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower of the
securities fail financially while the loan is outstanding. These
risks may be greater for
non-U.S. securities. |
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Non-Diversification Risk |
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The Fund is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment
company under the 1940 Act. The Fund may invest a relatively
high percentage of its assets in a limited number of issuers. To
the extent the Fund invests a relatively high percentage of the
Funds assets in the |
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securities of a limited number of issuers, the Fund may be more
susceptible than a more widely diversified investment company to
any single economic, political or regulatory occurrence. |
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Valuation Risk |
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Market prices may not be readily available for certain of the
Funds investments, and the value of such investments will
ordinarily be determined based on fair valuations determined by
the Board of Trustees or its designee pursuant to procedures
adopted by the Board of Trustees. Restrictions on resale or the
absence of a liquid secondary market may adversely affect the
Funds ability to determine its net asset value. The sale
price of securities that are not readily marketable may be lower
or higher than the Funds most recent determination of
their fair value. |
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Additionally, the value of these securities typically requires
more reliance on the judgment of the Investment Adviser than
that required for securities for which there is an active
trading market. Due to the difficulty in valuing these
securities and the absence of an active trading market for these
investments, the Fund may not be able to realize these
securities true value or may have to delay their sale in
order to do so. |
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Fair value is defined as the amount for which assets could be
sold in an orderly disposition over a reasonable period of time,
taking into account the nature of the asset. Fair value pricing,
however, involves judgments that are inherently subjective and
inexact, since fair valuation procedures are used only when it
is not possible to be sure what value should be attributed to a
particular asset or when an event will affect the market price
of an asset and to what extent. As a result, there can be no
assurance that fair value pricing will reflect actual market
value and it is possible that the fair value determined for a
security will be materially different from the value that
actually could be or is realized upon the sale of that asset.
See Net Asset Value. |
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Portfolio Turnover Risk |
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The Fund anticipates that its annual portfolio turnover rate
will be approximately 25%, but that rate may vary greatly from
year to year. Portfolio turnover rate is not considered a
limiting factor in the Investment Advisers execution of
investment decisions. A higher portfolio turnover rate results
in correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other
transactional expenses that are borne by the Fund. |
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Strategic Transactions Risk |
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The Fund may engage in Strategic Transactions, including the
purchase and sale of derivative investments such as
exchange-listed and
over-the-counter
put and call options on securities, equity, fixed income and
interest rate indices, and other financial instruments, and may
enter into various interest rate transactions such as swaps,
caps, floors or collars or credit transactions and credit
default swaps and invest in forward contracts. The Fund also may
purchase derivative investments that combine features of these
instruments. The use of derivatives has risks, including the
imperfect correlation between |
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the value of such instruments and the underlying assets, the
possible default of the other party to the transaction or
illiquidity of the derivative investments. Furthermore, the
ability to successfully use these techniques depends on the
Funds ability to predict pertinent market movements, which
cannot be assured. Thus, their use may result in losses greater
than if they had not been used, may require the Fund to sell or
purchase portfolio securities at inopportune times or for prices
other than current market values, may limit the amount of
appreciation the Fund can realize on an investment or may cause
the Fund to hold a security that it might otherwise sell.
Additionally, amounts paid by the Fund as premiums and cash, or
other assets held in margin accounts with respect to derivative
transactions, are not otherwise available to the Fund for
investment purposes. |
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The Fund may write covered call options. As the writer of a
covered call option, the Fund gives up the opportunity during
the options life to profit from increases in the market
value of the security covering the call option above the sum of
the premium and the strike price of the call, but the Fund
retains the risk of loss should the price of the underlying
security decline. |
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The Fund may also write uncovered call options (i.e., where the
Fund does not own the underlying security or index) to a limited
extent. Similar to a naked short sale, writing an uncovered call
creates the risk of an unlimited loss, in that the price of the
underlying security could theoretically increase without limit,
thus increasing the cost of buying those securities to cover the
call option if it is exercised before it expires. There can be
no assurance that the securities necessary to cover the call
option will be available for purchase. Purchasing securities to
cover an uncovered call option can itself cause the price of the
securities to rise further, thereby exacerbating the loss. |
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The writer of an option has no control over the time when it may
be required to fulfill its obligation as a writer of the option.
Once an option writer has received an exercise notice, it cannot
effect a closing purchase transaction in order to terminate its
obligation under the option and must deliver the underlying
security at the exercise price. There can be no assurance that a
liquid market will exist when the Fund seeks to close out an
option position. If trading were suspended in an option
purchased by the Fund, the Fund would not be able to close out
the option. If the Fund were unable to close out a covered call
option that the Fund had written on a security, the Fund would
not be able to sell the underlying security unless the option
expired without exercise. If the Fund were unable to close out
an uncovered call option that the Fund had written on a
security, the Fund retains the risk of a price increase in the
underlying security until the Fund purchases the security or the
option expires without exercise. |
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Depending on whether the Fund would be entitled to receive net
payments from the counterparty on a swap or cap, which in turn
would depend on the general state of short-term interest rates
at that point in time, a default by a counterparty could
negatively impact the performance of the Funds common
shares. In addition, at the time an interest rate swap or cap
transaction reaches its scheduled termination date, there is a
risk that the Fund would not be able to obtain a |
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replacement transaction or that the terms of the replacement
would not be as favorable as on the expiring transaction. If
this occurs, it could have a negative impact on the performance
of the Funds common shares. If the Fund fails to maintain
any required asset coverage ratios in connection with any use by
the Fund of Leverage Instruments, the Fund may be required to
redeem or prepay some or all of the Leverage Instruments. Such
redemption or prepayment would likely result in the Funds
seeking to terminate early all or a portion of any swap or cap
transactions. Early termination of a swap could result in a
termination payment by or to the Fund. Early termination of a
cap could result in a termination payment to the Fund. |
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The Fund intends to segregate liquid assets against or otherwise
cover its future obligations under such swap or cap
transactions, in order to provide that its future commitments
for which the Fund has not segregated liquid assets against or
otherwise covered, together with any outstanding Leverage
Instruments, will not exceed the applicable limits of the 1940
Act . In addition, such transactions and other use of Leverage
Instruments by the Fund will be subject to the asset coverage
requirements of the 1940 Act. |
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The use of interest rate swaps and caps is a highly specialized
activity that involves investment techniques and risks different
from those associated with ordinary portfolio security
transactions. Depending on market conditions in general, the
Funds use of swaps or caps could enhance or harm the
overall performance of its common shares. For example, the Fund
may use interest rate swaps and caps in connection with any use
by the Fund of Leverage Instruments. To the extent there is a
decline in interest rates, the value of the interest rate swap
or cap could decline, and could result in a decline in the net
asset value of the Funds common shares. In addition, if
short-term interest rates are lower than the Funds fixed
rate of payment on the interest rate swap, the swap will reduce
common shares net earnings. Buying interest rate caps could
decrease the net earnings of the Funds common shares in
the event that the premium paid by the Fund to the counterparty
exceeds the additional amount the Fund would have been required
to pay had the Fund not entered into the cap agreement. |
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Interest rate swaps and caps do not involve the delivery of
securities or other underlying assets or principal. Accordingly,
the risk of loss with respect to interest rate swaps is limited
to the net amount of interest payments that the Fund is
contractually obligated to make. If the counterparty defaults,
the Fund would not be able to use the anticipated net receipts
under the swap or cap to offset any declines in the value of the
Funds portfolio assets being hedged or the increase in its
cost of financial leverage. Depending on whether the Fund would
be entitled to receive net payments from the counterparty on the
swap or cap, which in turn would depend on the general state of
the market rates at that point in time, such a default could
negatively impact the performance of the Funds common
shares. |
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The Fund may invest in forward contracts entered into directly
with banks, financial institutions and other dealers acting as
principal. Forward contracts may not be liquid in all
circumstances, so that in volatile markets, the Fund to the
extent it wishes to do so may not be |
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able to close out a position by taking another position equal
and opposite to such position on a timely basis or without
incurring a sizeable loss. Closing transactions with respect to
forward contracts usually are effected with the counterparty who
is a party to the original forward contract and generally
require the consent of such trader. There can be no assurance
that the Fund will be able to close out its obligations. |
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There are no limitations on daily price moves in forward
contracts. Banks and other financial institutions with which the
Fund may maintain accounts may require the Fund to deposit
margin with respect to such trading. Banks are not required to
continue to make markets in forward contracts. There have been
periods during which certain banks have refused to quote prices
for such forward contracts or have quoted prices with an
unusually wide spread between the price at which the bank is
prepared to buy and that at which it is prepared to sell.
Trading of forward contracts through banks is not regulated by
any U.S. governmental agency. The Fund will be subject to
the risk of bank failure and the inability of, or refusal by, a
bank to perform with respect to such contracts. |
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Convertible Instrument Risk |
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The Fund may invest in convertible instruments. A convertible
instrument is a bond, debenture, note, preferred stock or other
security that may be converted into or exchanged for a
prescribed amount of common shares of the same or a different
issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price
or formula. Convertible debt instruments have characteristics of
both fixed income and equity investments. Convertible
instruments are subject both to the stock market risk associated
with equity securities and to the credit and interest rate risks
associated with fixed-income securities. As the market price of
the equity security underlying a convertible instrument falls,
the convertible instrument tends to trade on the basis of its
yield and other fixed-income characteristics. As the market
price of such equity security rises, the convertible security
tends to trade on the basis of its equity conversion features.
The Fund may invest in convertible instruments that have varying
conversion values. Convertible instruments are typically issued
at prices that represent a premium to their conversion value.
Accordingly, the value of a convertible instruments increases
(or decreases) as the price of the underlying equity security
increases (or decreases). If a convertible instrument held by
the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to
permit the issuer to redeem the instrument, or convert it into
the underlying stock, and will hold the stock to the extent the
Investment Adviser determines that such equity investment is
consistent with the investment objective of the Fund. |
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Short Sales Risk |
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Short selling involves selling securities which may or may not
be owned and borrowing the same securities for delivery to the
purchaser, with an obligation to replace the borrowed securities
at a later date. Short selling allows the short seller to profit
from declines in market prices to the extent such declines
exceed the transaction costs and the |
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costs of borrowing the securities. A naked short sale creates
the risk of an unlimited loss, in that the price of the
underlying security could theoretically increase without limit,
thus increasing the cost of buying those securities to cover the
short position. There can be no assurance that the securities
necessary to cover a short position will be available for
purchase. Purchasing securities to close out the short position
can itself cause the price of the securities to rise further,
thereby exacerbating the loss. |
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The Funds obligation to replace the borrowed security will
be secured by collateral deposited with the broker-dealer,
usually cash, U.S. government securities or other liquid
securities similar to those borrowed. The Fund also will be
required to segregate similar collateral to the extent, if any,
necessary so that the value of both collateral amounts in the
aggregate is at all times equal to at least 100% of the current
market value of the security sold short. Depending on
arrangements made with the broker-dealer from which the Fund
borrowed the security regarding payment over of any payments
received by the Fund on such security, the Fund may not receive
any payments (including interest) on the Funds collateral
deposited with such broker-dealer. |
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Inflation Risk |
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Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income
from investment will be worth less in the future as inflation
decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real
value of the Funds common shares and dividends can decline. |
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Debt Securities Risks |
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Debt securities are subject to many of the risks described
elsewhere in this section. In addition, they are subject to
credit risk, prepayment risk and, depending on their quality,
other special risks. |
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Credit Risk. An issuer of a debt security may
be unable to make interest payments and repay principal. The
Fund could lose money if the issuer of a debt obligation is, or
is perceived to be, unable or unwilling to make timely principal
and/or
interest payments, or to otherwise honor its obligations. The
downgrade of a security may further decrease its value. |
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Below Investment Grade and Unrated Debt Securities
Risk. Below investment grade debt securities in
which the Fund may invest are rated from B3 to Ba1 by
Moodys Investors Service, Inc., from B- to BB+ by Fitch
Ratings or Standard & Poors, or comparably rated
by another rating agency. Below investment grade and unrated
debt securities generally pay a premium above the yields of
U.S. government securities or debt securities of investment
grade issuers because they are subject to greater risks than
these securities. These risks, which reflect their speculative
character, include the following: greater yield and price
volatility; greater credit risk and risk of default; potentially
greater sensitivity to general economic or industry conditions;
potential lack of attractive resale opportunities (illiquidity);
and additional expenses to seek recovery from issuers who
default. |
|
|
|
In addition, the prices of these below investment grade and
unrated debt securities are more sensitive to negative
developments, such as a |
33
|
|
|
|
|
decline in the issuers revenues, downturns in
profitability in the natural resource industry or a general
economic downturn, than are the prices of higher-grade
securities. Below investment grade and unrated debt securities
tend to be less liquid than investment grade securities and the
market for below investment grade and unrated debt securities
could contract further under adverse market or economic
conditions. In such a scenario, it may be more difficult for the
Fund to sell these securities in a timely manner or for as high
a price as could be realized if such securities were more widely
traded. The market value of below investment grade and unrated
debt securities may be more volatile than the market value of
investment grade securities and generally tends to reflect the
markets perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer
and short-term market developments to a greater extent than
investment grade securities, which primarily reflect
fluctuations in general levels of interest rates. In the event
of a default by a below investment grade or unrated debt
security held in the Funds portfolio in the payment of
principal or interest, the Fund may incur additional expense to
the extent the Fund is required to seek recovery of such
principal or interest. |
|
|
|
For a description of the ratings categories of certain rating
agencies, see Appendix A to this prospectus. |
|
|
|
Reinvestment Risk. Certain debt instruments,
particularly below investment grade securities, may contain call
or redemption provisions which would allow the issuer thereof to
prepay principal prior to the debt instruments stated
maturity. This is also sometimes known as prepayment risk.
Prepayment risk is greater during a falling interest rate
environment as issuers can reduce their cost of capital by
refinancing higher yielding debt instruments with lower yielding
debt instruments. An issuer may also elect to refinance its debt
instruments with lower yielding debt instruments if the credit
standing of the issuer improves. To the extent debt securities
in the Funds portfolio are called or redeemed, the Fund
may be forced to reinvest in lower yielding securities. |
|
|
|
Terrorism and Market Disruption Risk |
|
|
|
The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 had a
disruptive effect on the U.S. economy and securities
markets. United States military and related action in Iraq and
Afghanistan is ongoing and events in the Middle East could have
significant, continuing adverse effects on the U.S. economy
in general and the natural resource sector in particular. Global
political and economic instability could affect an MLPs or
an Other Natural Resource Companys operations in
unpredictable ways, including through disruptions of natural
resource supplies and markets and the resulting volatility in
commodity prices. The U.S. government has issued warnings
that natural resource assets, specifically pipeline
infrastructure and production, transmission and distribution
facilities, may be future targets of terrorist activities. In
addition, changes in the insurance markets have made certain
types of insurance more difficult, if not impossible, to obtain
and have generally resulted in increased premium costs. |
34
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|
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|
Investment Management Risk |
|
|
|
The Funds portfolio is subject to investment management
risk because it will be actively managed. The Investment Adviser
will apply investment techniques and risk analyses in making
investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no guarantee
that they will produce the desired results. |
|
|
|
The decisions with respect to the management of the Fund are
made exclusively by the Investment Adviser, subject to the
oversight of the Board of Trustees. Investors have no right or
power to take part in the management of the Fund. The Investment
Adviser also is responsible for all of the trading and
investment decisions of the Fund. In the event of the withdrawal
or bankruptcy of the Investment Adviser, generally the affairs
of the Fund will be
wound-up and
its assets will be liquidated. |
|
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|
Dependence on Key Personnel of the Investment Adviser |
|
|
|
The Fund is dependent upon the Investment Advisers key
personnel for its future success and upon their access to
certain individuals and investments in the natural resource
industry. In particular, the Fund will depend on the diligence,
skill and network of business contacts of the personnel of the
Investment Adviser and its portfolio managers, who will
evaluate, negotiate, structure, close and monitor the
Funds investments. The portfolio managers do not have
long-term employment contracts with the Investment Adviser,
although they do have equity interests and other financial
incentives to remain with the firm. For a description of the
Investment Adviser, see Management of the Fund
Investment Adviser. The Fund will also depend on the
senior management of the Investment Adviser, including
particularly Jerry V. Swank. The departure of Mr. Swank or
another of the Investment Advisers senior management could
have a material adverse effect on the Funds ability to
achieve its investment objective. In addition, the Fund can
offer no assurance that the Investment Adviser will remain its
investment adviser, or that the Fund will continue to have
access to the Investment Advisers industry contacts and
deal flow. |
|
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|
Conflicts of Interest with the Investment Adviser |
|
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|
Conflicts of interest may arise because the Investment Adviser
and its affiliates generally will be carrying on substantial
investment activities for other clients, including, but not
limited to, the Affiliated Funds, in which the Fund will have no
interest. The Investment Adviser or its affiliates may have
financial incentives to favor certain of such accounts over the
Fund. Any of their proprietary accounts and other customer
accounts may compete with the Fund for specific trades. The
Investment Adviser or its affiliates may buy or sell securities
for the Fund which differ from securities bought or sold for
other accounts and customers, even though their investment
objectives and policies may be similar to the Funds.
Situations may occur when the Fund could be disadvantaged
because of the investment activities conducted by the Investment
Adviser and its affiliates for their other accounts. Such
situations may be based on, among other things, legal or
internal restrictions on the combined size of positions that may
be taken for the Fund and the other accounts, thereby limiting
the size of the Funds |
35
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|
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|
position, or the difficulty of liquidating an investment for the
Fund and the other accounts where the market cannot absorb the
sale of the combined position. Notwithstanding these potential
conflicts of interest, the Funds Board of Trustees and
officers have a fiduciary obligation to act in the Funds
best interest. |
|
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|
The Funds investment opportunities may be limited by
affiliations of the Investment Adviser or its affiliates with
MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies. Additionally, to the
extent that the Investment Adviser sources and structures
private investments in MLPs and Other Natural Resource
Companies, certain employees of the Investment Adviser may
become aware of actions planned by MLPs and Other Natural
Resource Companies, such as acquisitions that may not be
announced to the public. It is possible that the Fund could be
precluded from investing in an MLP or an Other Natural Resource
Company about which the Investment Adviser has material
non-public information; however, it is the Investment
Advisers intention to ensure that any material non-public
information available to certain of the Investment
Advisers employees not be shared with those employees
responsible for the purchase and sale of publicly traded MLP or
Other Natural Resource Company securities. |
|
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|
The Investment Adviser manages several Affiliated Funds. Some of
the Affiliated Funds have investment objectives that are similar
to or overlap with the Fund. Further, the Investment Adviser may
at some time in the future manage other investment funds with
the same investment objective as the Fund. |
|
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|
The Investment Adviser and its affiliates generally will be
carrying on substantial investment activities for other clients,
including, but not limited to, the Affiliated Funds, in which
the Fund will have no interest. Investment decisions for the
Fund are made independently from those of such other clients;
however, from time to time, the same investment decision may be
made for more than one fund or account. When two or more clients
advised by the Investment Adviser or its affiliates seek to
purchase or sell the same publicly traded securities, the
securities actually purchased or sold will be allocated among
the clients on a good faith equitable basis by the Investment
Adviser in its discretion in accordance with the clients
various investment objectives and procedures adopted by the
Investment Adviser and approved by the Funds Board of
Trustees. In some cases, this system may adversely affect the
price or size of the position the Fund may obtain. |
|
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|
The Funds investment opportunities may be limited by
investment opportunities in the MLPs and Other Natural Resource
Companies that the Investment Adviser is evaluating for the
Affiliated Funds. To the extent a potential investment is
appropriate for the Fund and one or more of the Affiliated
Funds, the Investment Adviser will need to fairly allocate that
investment to the Fund or an Affiliated Fund, or both, depending
on its allocation procedures and applicable law related to
combined or joint transactions. There may occur an attractive
limited investment opportunity suitable for the Fund in which
the Fund cannot invest under the particular allocation method
being used for that investment. |
36
|
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|
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|
Under the 1940 Act, the Fund and its Affiliated Funds are
generally precluded from co-investing in private placements of
securities. Except as permitted by law, the Investment Adviser
will not co-invest its other clients assets in private
transactions in which the Fund invests. To the extent the Fund
is precluded from co-investing, the Investment Adviser will
allocate private investment opportunities among its clients,
including but not limited to the Fund and the Affiliated Funds,
based on allocation policies that take into account several
suitability factors, including the size of the investment
opportunity, the amount each client has available for investment
and the clients investment objectives. These allocation
policies may result in the allocation of investment
opportunities to an Affiliated Fund rather than to the Fund. |
|
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The management fee payable to the Investment Adviser is based on
the value of the Funds Managed Assets, as periodically
determined. A significant percentage of the Funds Managed
Assets may be illiquid securities acquired in private
transactions for which market quotations will not be readily
available. Although the Fund will adopt valuation procedures
designed to determine valuations of illiquid securities in a
manner that reflects their fair value, there typically is a
range of possible prices that may be established for each
individual security. Senior management of the Investment
Adviser, the Funds Board of Trustees and its Valuation
Committee will participate in the valuation of its securities.
See Net Asset Value. |
|
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|
Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, counsel to the Fund in
this offering, also represents the Investment Adviser. Such
counsel does not purport to represent the separate interests of
the investors and has assumed no obligation to do so.
Accordingly, the investors have not had the benefit of
independent counsel in the structuring of the Fund or
determination of the relative interests, rights and obligations
of the Funds investment adviser and the investors. |
|
Listing and Symbol |
|
Shares of the Fund are expected to be listed on the New York
Stock Exchange. The trading symbol is expected to be
[ ]. |
|
Fund Custodian, Transfer Agent,
Dividend-Paying Agent and Fund Accountant |
|
[ ] will serve as fund custodian,
transfer agent, dividend-paying agent and fund accountant for
the Fund. See Other Service Providers. |
37
SUMMARY
OF FUND EXPENSES
The following table assumes the Fund has borrowed in the amount
equal to
331/3%
of the Funds Managed Assets and shows the Funds
expenses as a percentage of net assets attributable to its
common shares.
|
|
|
Shareholder Transaction
Expenses:
|
|
|
Sales Load Paid by Investors (as a
percentage of offering price)
|
|
[ ]%
|
Offering Expenses Borne by the
Fund (as a percentage of offering
price)(1)(2)
|
|
[ ]%
|
Dividend Reinvestment Plan
Fees(3)
|
|
None
|
Percentage
of Net Assets Attributable to Common Shares
(Assumes Leverage Instruments are Used)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Annual Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Management
Fees(5)
|
|
|
[
|
|
|
|
]
|
%
|
Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds
|
|
|
[
|
|
|
|
]
|
%
|
Other
Expenses(4)
|
|
|
[
|
|
|
|
]
|
%
|
Total Annual Expenses
|
|
|
[
|
|
|
|
]
|
%
|
Less Fee and Expense Reimbursement
(Year
1)(5)
|
|
|
([
|
|
|
|
]
|
)%
|
Net Annual Expenses
|
|
|
[
|
|
|
|
]
|
%
|
Percentage
of Net Assets Attributable to Common Shares
(Assumes No Leverage Instruments Are Used)
|
|
|
Annual Expenses:
|
|
|
Management
Fees(5)
|
|
[ ]%
|
Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds
|
|
None
|
Other
Expenses(4)
|
|
[ ]%
|
Total Annual Expenses
|
|
[ ]%
|
Less Fee and Expense Reimbursement
(Year
1)(5)
|
|
[( )]%
|
Net Annual Expenses
|
|
[ ]%
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
The Investment Adviser will pay a
marketing and structuring fee to Morgan Stanley & Co.
Incorporated equal to % of the
aggregate price to the public of the common shares sold by
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated, including
over-allotted shares. This fee is not reflected under Offering
Expenses Borne by the Fund in the table above. See
Underwriters Additional Compensation to Be
Paid by the Investment Adviser.
|
(2)
|
|
Amount reflects estimated offering
expenses of $[ ].
|
(3)
|
|
Investors will pay brokerage
charges if they direct [ ], as
agent for the Funds common shareholders (the Plan
Agent), to sell their common shares held in a dividend
reinvestment account.
|
(4)
|
|
The costs of this offering are not
included in the expenses shown in this table.
|
(5)
|
|
During the first and second years
of the Funds investment activities (from
[ ],
2007 until
[ ],
2008 and from
[ ],
2008 until
[ ],
2009), the Investment Adviser has contractually agreed to waive
or reimburse the Fund for fees and expenses in an amount equal
on an annual basis to [ ]% and
[ ]%, respectively, of the
Funds average weekly total assets. Management fees and
waivers are expressed as a percentage of net assets in the
table. Because holders of any Leverage Instruments do not bear
management fees and other expenses, the cost to shareholders
increases as leverage increases.
|
The purpose of the table and the example is to assist
prospective investors in understanding the costs and expenses
that an investor in the Fund will bear directly or indirectly.
The expenses shown in the table and example below are based on
estimated amounts through the end of the Funds first
fiscal year of operations, unless otherwise indicated, and
assume that the Fund issues approximately
[ ]
common shares. If the Fund issues fewer common shares, all other
things being equal, these expenses would increase as a
percentage of the Funds net assets attributable to common
shares. See Management of the Fund,
Distributions and Dividend Reinvestment
Plan.
38
Example
As required by relevant SEC regulations, the following example
illustrates the expenses (including the sales load of
[ ]% or
$[ ] per common share, estimated
offering expenses of this offering of
$[ ], or
$[ ] per common share, and expenses
associated with the Funds borrowing of approximately
$[ ] million under a credit
facility) that an investor would pay on a $1,000 investment in
the Funds common shares, assuming total annual expenses of
[ ]% in year 1,
[ ]% in year 2, and
[ ]% in the years thereafter of net
assets attributable to the Funds common shares and a 5%
annual return:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 Year
|
|
3 Years
|
|
5 Years
|
|
10 Years
|
|
$[ ]
|
|
$[ ]
|
|
$[ ]
|
|
$[ ]
|
THE EXAMPLE SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED A REPRESENTATION OF FUTURE
EXPENSES OR RETURNS. ACTUAL EXPENSES MAY BE GREATER OR LESS THAN
THOSE SHOWN. Moreover, the Funds actual rate of return may
be greater or less than the hypothetical 5% return shown in the
example. The example assumes that the estimated Other
Expenses set forth in the Annual Expenses table are
accurate and that all dividends and distributions are reinvested
at net asset value. In the event that the Fund does not use any
leverage, an investor would pay the following expenses based on
the assumptions in the example: 1 Year,
$[ ]; 3 Years,
$[ ]; 5 Years,
$[ ]; and 10 Years,
$[ ].
The example assumes the waiver or reimbursement of fees and
expenses of [ ]% on an annual basis
of the Funds average weekly total assets in year one, and
[ ]% on an annual basis of the
Funds average weekly total assets in year two. The
Investment Adviser has not agreed to reimburse the Fund for any
year beyond the second year.
THE
FUND
The Cushing MLP Total Return Fund is a newly organized,
non-diversified, closed-end management investment company
registered under the 1940 Act. The Fund was formed as a Delaware
statutory trust on May 23, 2007. The Fund has no operating
or trading history. The Funds principal office is located
at 3300 Oak Lawn Avenue, Suite 650, Dallas, TX 75219, and
its telephone number is
(214) 692-6334.
The Cushing name originates from a city in Oklahoma of the same
name that was a center for the exploration, production and
storage of crude oil during the early 20th century. Cushing,
Oklahoma, with its large amount of energy infrastructure assets,
is currently a major storage and trading clearing hub for crude
oil and refined products in the United States.
USE OF
PROCEEDS
The net proceeds of this offering of common shares will be
approximately $
($ if the underwriters exercise
their over-allotment option in full), after sales loads and
payment by the Fund of estimated offering expenses of
$ . The Investment Adviser has
agreed to pay the amount by which the offering expenses (other
than the sales load) exceed $ per common share
( % of the offering price). The Investment Adviser
has also agreed to pay all of the Funds organizational
expenses.
The Fund currently anticipates that it will be able to invest
primarily in securities that meet its investment objective and
policies within three months after the completion of this
offering, and the Fund may thereafter use financial leverage. We
anticipate that until they are invested in accordance with the
Funds objective and policies, the proceeds will be
invested in cash, cash equivalents, or in debt securities that
are rated AA or higher. The return on the Funds common
shares is initially expected to be lower than it will be after
full investment in accordance with the Funds investment
objective and policies.
39
INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES
The Funds primary investment objective is to obtain a high
after-tax total return from a combination of capital
appreciation and tax-advantaged current income. There can be no
assurance that the Funds investment objective will be
achieved. The Fund intends to focus its investments in MLPs with
operations in the development, production, processing, refining,
transportation, storage and marketing of natural resources.
The Fund will generally seek to invest in 20 to 30 issuers with
generally no more than 10% of Managed Assets in any one issue,
and no more than 15% of Managed Assets in any one issuer (for
purposes of this limit, the issuer includes both the
master limited partnership or limited liability company, as well
as its controlling general partner or managing member), in each
case, determined at the time of investment. Among other things,
the Investment Adviser will use fundamental and proprietary
research to seek to identify the most attractive MLPs and will
seek to invest in MLPs that have distribution growth prospects
that, in the Investment Advisers opinion, are high
relative to comparable MLPs and which are not fully reflected in
current pricing. The Investment Adviser believes that the MLPs
most likely to offer such attractive investment characteristics
are those that are relatively small and have proven and
motivated management teams that are able to develop projects
organically (greenfield or internally developed)
and/or to
successfully find, acquire and integrate accretive assets and
companies. As part of the Funds 80% MLP investment policy,
the Investment Adviser will also seek to invest in GP MLPs when
the Investment Adviser will seek to identify GP MLPs that have
distribution growth prospects that, based on the Investment
Advisers research, the Investment Adviser believes are
high relative to many master limited partnerships and are not
fully reflected in current pricing. Like master limited
partnerships with strong distribution growth prospects, GP MLPs
with strong growth prospects often trade at prices which result
in relatively low current yields. Since the Investment Adviser
will seek to maximize total return through a focus on master
limited partnerships and GP MLPs with strong distribution growth
prospects, the Investment Adviser believes the current yield of
the Fund will be lower than it would be under a more diversified
investment approach. The Investment Adviser will seek to invest
in IPOs and secondary market issuances, PIPE transactions and
private transactions, including pre-acquisition and pre-IPO
equity issuances and investments in private companies.
|
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|
|
Under normal market conditions, the fund will invest at least
80% of its Managed Assets in securities of MLPs.
|
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|
|
The Fund may invest up to 50% of its Managed Assets in
securities of MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies that are
not publicly traded, or that are otherwise restricted
securities. For purposes of this limitation, restricted
securities include (i) registered securities of
public companies subject to a
lock-up
period greater than 30 days, (ii) unregistered
securities of public companies with registration rights until
such securities are registered for resale by the Fund, or until
they become freely tradable with the passage of time, and
(iii) securities of companies that have no class of
registered or publicly offered securities (privately
held companies). The Fund does not intend to invest more
than 25% of its Managed Assets in securities of privately held
companies.
|
|
|
|
The Fund may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets in
securities of companies that are not MLPs, including Other
Natural Resource Companies, and U.S. and
non-U.S. issuers
that may not constitute Other Natural Resource Companies. These
investments may include equity securities such as partnership
interests, limited liability company interests or units, trust
units, common stock, preferred stock, convertible securities,
warrants and depositary receipts, debt securities, and
securities issued by investment companies registered under the
1940 Act including ETFs, and ETNs. The Investment Adviser
anticipates that the Fund will generally invest in ETFs or ETNs
that focus their investments on the energy, natural resources,
utility, real estate or banking industries.
|
|
|
|
The Fund may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets in debt
securities of MLPs, Other Natural Resource Companies and other
issuers. Any securities issued by MLPs, including debt
securities, will count towards the Funds 80% MLP
investment policy.
|
Each percentage limitation applicable to the Funds
portfolio described in this prospectus applies only at the time
of investment in the asset to which the percentage limitation
applies, and the Fund will not be required to sell
40
securities due to subsequent changes in the value of the
securities it owns. The Fund may invest in companies of any
market capitalization.
At the time of this offering, the Fund does not intend to invest
directly in commodities, although the Funds investments in
some MLPs will expose it to risks similar to risks arising from
investing in commodities.
The Fund may, but is not required to, write, purchase or sell
put or call options on securities, equity or fixed-income
indices or other instruments, write, purchase or sell futures
contracts or options on futures, or enter into other Strategic
Transactions.
The Funds investment objective and percentage parameters,
including its 80% MLP investment policy, are not fundamental
policies of the Fund and may be changed without shareholder
approval. Shareholders, however, will be notified in writing of
any change at least 60 days prior to effecting any such
change.
The Funds common shares have no previous trading
history. Shares of closed-end funds frequently trade at
discounts to their net asset value. If the Funds
common shares trade at a discount to their net asset value, the
risk of loss may increase for purchasers in this offering. This
risk may be greater for investors who expect to sell their
common shares in a relatively short period after completion of
the public offering.
THE
FUNDS INVESTMENTS
The
Funds Investments
The Fund will invest primarily in the securities of MLPs, other
equity securities, debt securities and securities of
non-U.S. issuers
as described below.
Description
of MLPs
Master limited partnerships are formed as limited partnerships
or limited liability companies and taxed as partnerships for
federal income tax purposes. The securities issued by many
master limited partnerships are listed and traded on a
U.S. exchange. A master limited partnership typically
issues general partner and limited partner interests, or
managing member and member interests. The general partner or
managing member manages and often controls, has an ownership
stake in, and is normally eligible to receive incentive
distribution payments from, the master limited partnership. To
be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax
purposes, a master limited partnership must derive at least 90%
of its income for each taxable year from specified qualifying
sources as set forth in Section 7704 of the Code.
These qualifying sources include natural resource-based
activities such as the exploration, development, mining,
production, processing, refining, transportation, storage and
marketing of mineral or natural resources. The general partner
or managing member may be structured as a private or publicly
traded corporation or other entity. The general partner or
managing member typically control the operations and management
of the entity through an up to 2% general partner or managing
member interest in the entity plus, in many cases, ownership of
some percentage of the outstanding limited partner or member
interests. The limited partners or members, through their
ownership of limited partner or member interests, provide
capital to the entity, are intended to have no role in the
operation and management of the entity and receive cash
distributions. Due to their structure as partnerships for
federal income tax purposes, master limited partnerships
generally do not pay federal income taxes. Thus, unlike
investors in corporate securities, direct master limited
partnership investors are generally not subject to double
taxation (i.e., corporate level tax and tax on corporate
dividends). Currently, most master limited partnerships operate
in the energy and midstream, natural resources, shipping or real
estate sectors.
MLPs are typically structured such that common units and general
partner interests have first priority to receive the MQD. Common
and general partner interests also accrue arrearages in
distributions to the extent the MQD is not paid. Once common
units and general partner interests have been paid, subordinated
units receive distributions up to the MQD; however, subordinated
units do not accrue arrearages. The subordinated units are
normally owned by the owners or affiliates of the general
partner and convert on a one for one basis into common units,
generally in three to five years after the master limited
partnerships initial public offering or after certain
41
distribution levels have been exceeded. Distributable cash in
excess of the MQD is distributed to both common and subordinated
units generally on a pro rata basis. The general partner is also
normally eligible to receive incentive distributions if the
general partner operates the business in a manner which results
in payment of per unit distributions that exceed threshold
levels above the MQD. As the general partner increases cash
distributions to the limited partners, the general partner
receives an increasingly higher percentage of the incremental
cash distributions. A common arrangement provides that the
general partner can reach a tier where it receives 50% of every
incremental dollar distributed by the master limited
partnership. These incentive distributions encourage the general
partner to increase the partnerships cash flow and raise
the quarterly cash distribution by pursuing steady cash flow
investment opportunities, streamlining costs and acquiring
assets. Such results benefit all security holders of the MLP.
Sector
Outlook
General. Master limited partnerships play a
vital role in the movement of energy resources. Many master
limited partnerships own midstream energy infrastructure assets
used to transport, process, and store natural gas, natural gas
liquids, crude oil, and refined petroleum products. Examples of
the midstream value chain are shown in the charts
below; in the example, crude oil is gathered, shipped, or
trucked from producers (suppliers) and transported through
pipelines to storage/terminal facilities, refined into petroleum
products, and ultimately to end users. While there are a number
of contract structures with varying degrees of commodity price
sensitivity, these activities are usually fee-based in nature
whereby revenues are simply a function of throughput and a
dollar rate per unit. Consequently, cash flows typically have
minimal direct commodity price sensitivity, although they are
frequently exposed to indirect commodity risk. See
Principal Risks of the Fund MLP and Other
Natural Resource Company Risks Commodity Price
Risk. In the natural gas and natural gas liquids value
chain, natural gas is gathered in the field and transported via
pipelines to a central processing facility where the natural gas
liquids are separated from the residue natural gas. The residue
gas is then shipped to end users, and the raw natural gas
liquids go to a fractionation facility. The raw natural gas
liquids mix is separated into its different components (ethane,
propane, butane, etc.) and then delivered to end use markets.
42
MLP operations are often referred to in the context of the
following business segments or subsectors:
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|
|
|
|
Pipeline MLPs. Pipeline MLPs are common carrier
transporters of natural gas, natural gas liquids (primarily
propane, ethane, butane and natural gasoline), crude oil or
refined petroleum products (gasoline, diesel fuel and jet fuel).
Pipeline MLPs may also operate ancillary businesses such as
storage and marketing of such products. Revenue is derived from
capacity and transportation fees. Historically, pipeline output
has been less exposed to cyclical economic forces due to its low
cost structure and government-regulated nature. In addition,
pipeline MLPs do not have direct commodity price exposure (as
opposed to indirect exposure) because they do not own the
product being shipped.
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|
|
|
Processing MLPs. Processing MLPs are gatherers and
processors of natural gas as well as providers of natural gas
liquid transportation, fractionation and storage services.
Revenue is derived from providing services to natural gas
producers, which require treatment or processing before their
natural gas commodity can be marketed to utilities and other end
user markets. Revenue for the processor is often fee based,
although it is not uncommon to have some participation in the
prices of the natural gas and natural gas liquids commodities
for a portion of revenue.
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43
|
|
|
|
|
Exploration and Production MLPs (E&P
MLPs). E&P MLPs are engaged in the exploration,
development, production and acquisition of crude oil and natural
gas properties. E&P MLP cash flows depend on the volume of
crude oil and natural gas produced and the realized prices
received for crude oil and natural gas sales.
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|
Propane MLPs. Propane MLPs are distributors of propane to
end-users for space and water heating. Revenue is derived from
the resale of the commodity at a margin over wholesale cost. The
ability to maintain margin is a key to profitability. Propane
serves approximately 3% of the household energy needs in the
United States, largely for homes beyond the geographic reach of
natural gas distribution pipelines. Approximately 70% of annual
cash flow is earned during the winter heating season (October
through March).
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Coal MLPs. Coal MLPs own, lease and manage coal reserves.
Revenue is derived from production and sale of coal, or from
royalty payments related to leases to coal producers.
Electricity generation is the primary use of coal in the United
States. Demand for electricity and supply of alternative fuels
to generators are the primary drivers of coal demand. Coal MLPs
are subject to operating and production risks, such as: the MLP
or a lessee meeting necessary production volumes; federal, state
and local laws and regulations which may limit the ability to
produce coal; the MLPs ability to manage production costs
and pay mining reclamation costs; and the effect on demand that
the EPAs standards set in the Clean Air Act have on coal
end-users.
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|
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|
Marine Shipping MLPs. Marine Shipping MLPs are primarily
marine transporters of natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude
oil or refined petroleum products. Marine shipping MLPs derive
revenue from charging customers for the transportation of these
products utilizing the MLPs vessels. Transportation
services are typically provided pursuant to a charter or
contract, the terms of which vary depending on, for example, the
length of use of a particular vessel, the amount of cargo
transported, the number of voyages made, the parties operating a
vessel or other factors.
|
Investment Characteristics. The Investment
Adviser believes that the following characteristics of MLPs make
them attractive investments:
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|
|
|
|
Many MLPs are utility-like in nature and have relatively stable,
predictable cash flows.
|
|
|
|
MLPs provide services which help meet the largely inelastic
demand of U.S. energy consumers. In its International
Energy Outlook 2006, the U.S Energy Information
Administration projects 3.8% annual growth for worldwide energy
demand through 2030.
|
|
|
|
Transportation assets in the interstate and intrastate pipeline
sector are typically backed by relatively long-term contracts
and stable transportation rates (or tariffs) that are regulated
by FERC or by state regulatory commissions.
|
|
|
|
High barriers to entry may protect the business model of some
MLPs, since construction of the physical assets typically owned
by these MLPs generally requires significant capital
expenditures and long lead times.
|
|
|
|
As the location and quality of natural resource supplies change,
new midstream infrastructure such as gathering and
transportation pipelines, treating and processing facilities,
and storage facilities is needed to meet these new logistical
needs. Similarly, as the demographics of demand centers change,
new infrastructure is often needed. MLPs are integral providers
of these midstream needs.
|
|
|
|
Requirements for new and additional transportation fuel
compositions (e.g., reduced sulfur diesel and ethanol blends)
require additional logistical assets. MLPs are integral
providers of these logistical needs.
|
|
|
|
Midstream assets are typically long-lived and tend to retain
their economic value, and the risk of technological obsolescence
is low.
|
|
|
|
Master limited partnerships are pass-through
entities and do not pay federal income taxes at the entity
level. In general, a portion of their distribution payments is
treated as a return of capital.
|
|
|
|
In addition to their growth potential, MLP investments are
currently offering higher yields than some investments, such as
utilities and REITs. Of course, there can be no guarantee that
the MLP investments in
|
44
|
|
|
|
|
the Funds portfolio will generate higher yields than these
other asset classes, and since the Investment Adviser will seek
to maximize total return through a focus on master limited
partnerships and GP MLPs with strong distribution growth
prospects, the Investment Adviser believes the distribution
yield of the Fund will be lower than it would be under a more
diversified investment approach.
|
Sector Growth. Historically, MLP cash flow and
distribution growth has come from two sources, acquisitions and
organic (internal) expansion projects, which have also
contributed to growth in market capitalization. Much of this
growth came from MLPs acquiring midstream assets from utilities,
natural gas pipeline companies, and major integrated oil
companies.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Market Cap ($MM)
|
|
2003
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
Midstream
|
|
|
21,361
|
|
|
|
29,021
|
|
|
|
34,772
|
|
|
|
50,844
|
|
|
|
60,861
|
|
Propane
|
|
|
3,819
|
|
|
|
4,642
|
|
|
|
4,684
|
|
|
|
5,783
|
|
|
|
6,882
|
|
Coal
|
|
|
2,173
|
|
|
|
3,744
|
|
|
|
3,786
|
|
|
|
3,924
|
|
|
|
4,588
|
|
Shipping
|
|
|
218
|
|
|
|
921
|
|
|
|
1,955
|
|
|
|
2,820
|
|
|
|
3,027
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
|
525
|
|
|
|
647
|
|
|
|
719
|
|
|
|
7,638
|
|
|
|
5,450
|
|
G.P. Equity
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
3,353
|
|
|
|
15,624
|
|
|
|
19,537
|
|
Other(1)
|
|
|
9,938
|
|
|
|
11,580
|
|
|
|
13,593
|
|
|
|
20,636
|
|
|
|
24,808
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
38,034
|
|
|
|
50,555
|
|
|
|
102,862
|
|
|
|
107,269
|
|
|
|
125,153
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) Includes compression, crude oil and petroleum products
The Investment Adviser believes that acquisitions will continue
to play an important role in driving growth. It estimates that
less than one third of all MLP-qualifying midstream assets in
the U.S. are currently owned by public MLPs. However, the
Investment Adviser believes organic (or internally developed)
growth projects, which generally are more visable and
predictable, will play an increasingly important role in driving
future growth.
The basic macro driver for organic growth has been the changing
dynamic of natural gas and oil supply and demand in North
America. As shown below, the growth of natural gas production in
the United States is largely occurring in new basins. As a
result, the Investment Adviser believes that investment options
for MLPs involved in the natural gas gathering, processing,
storage and transportation businesses continue to be abundant.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Growth Rate (through 2005)
|
|
Lower 48 Natural Gas
Production
|
|
10 Year
|
|
|
5 Year
|
|
|
3 Year
|
|
|
1 Year
|
|
|
Gulf Of Mexico
|
|
|
(4.6
|
)%
|
|
|
(9.4
|
)%
|
|
|
(13.0
|
)%
|
|
|
(24.9
|
)%
|
Midcontinent
|
|
|
(1.2
|
)%
|
|
|
0.3
|
%
|
|
|
0.7
|
%
|
|
|
2.2
|
%
|
Rockies
|
|
|
5.0
|
%
|
|
|
5.3
|
%
|
|
|
3.5
|
%
|
|
|
4.1
|
%
|
Gulf Coast
|
|
|
(1.8
|
)%
|
|
|
(7.1
|
)%
|
|
|
(4.0
|
)%
|
|
|
(8.8
|
)%
|
West Texas
|
|
|
0.1
|
%
|
|
|
1.0
|
%
|
|
|
(0.6
|
)%
|
|
|
(0.9
|
)%
|
South Texas
|
|
|
0.1
|
%
|
|
|
(0.2
|
)%
|
|
|
(3.1
|
)%
|
|
|
(3.9
|
)%
|
East Texas
|
|
|
6.3
|
%
|
|
|
10.0
|
%
|
|
|
11.0
|
%
|
|
|
10.9
|
%
|
Appalachia
|
|
|
2.8
|
%
|
|
|
5.7
|
%
|
|
|
4.8
|
%
|
|
|
14.5
|
%
|
Other
|
|
|
0.3
|
%
|
|
|
(3.7
|
)%
|
|
|
(2.9
|
)%
|
|
|
(1.9
|
)%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
0.2
|
%
|
|
|
(0.8
|
)%
|
|
|
(1.5
|
)%
|
|
|
(3.8
|
)%
|
|
|
|
|
Source:
|
U.S. Energy Information Administration
|
The U.S. Energy Information Administration estimates that
approximately $25 billion in new energy infrastructure
projects will need to be developed within the next five years.
The current energy infrastructure
45
shortage in the United States should drive pipeline and
midstream MLP expansion projects and maintain competitive
pricing for pipeline throughput capacity. Several major new
pipeline projects are planned through 2008, with key projects
targeting new natural gas production from the Rockies and the
northern and eastern parts of Texas as well as imported
liquefied natural gas from the Gulf Coast. In addition, the
importation of more than one million barrels per day of Canadian
oil from Albertas oil sands has created the need for new
oil pipelines and storage terminals from the Canadian border all
the way south to the Cushing, Oklahoma storage and trading hub.
All of these new projects provide multiple revenue opportunities
for MLPs. These large multi-year infrastructure projects give
MLPs an alternative to growth through acquisitions and make
future cash flow growth more predictable.
Major
Natural Gas Pipeline Corridor Expansions
2006 through 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Throughout
|
|
|
|
|
Region
|
|
Description
|
|
(MMcf/d)
|
|
|
Timeframe
|
|
|
Rockies
|
|
Connecting Piceance,
Unita, Green River, and Powder River Basins to Interstate network
|
|
|
8,026
|
|
|
|
2006-2008
|
|
Southern California
|
|
North Baja Pipeline
|
|
|
572
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Wyoming to Louisiana
|
|
To interconnect with
interstate network serving Northeast and Midwest markets
|
|
|
3,700
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi
|
|
To interconnect with
interstate network serving Northeast and Midwest markets
|
|
|
9,990
|
|
|
|
2006-2008
|
|
Mexico
|
|
Exporting
|
|
|
4,000
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Mississippi
|
|
Includes offshore and
LNG related projects
|
|
|
21,725
|
|
|
|
2006-2008
|
|
Florida
|
|
LNG sourced natural
gas import from Bahamas
|
|
|
1,642
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
Northern Florida
|
|
LNG sourced natural
gas import from Elba
|
|
|
345
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
New Jersey
|
|
Expansions on existing
routes
|
|
|
2,190
|
|
|
|
2006-2008
|
|
Massachusetts
|
|
Import expansions
|
|
|
770
|
|
|
|
2007-2008
|
|
Detroit
|
|
Expansion to/from
Canada
|
|
|
245
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
Illinois
|
|
Multiple expansions
between Iowa and Ohio
|
|
|
1,610
|
|
|
|
2007-2008
|
|
Wyoming to Missouri
|
|
KM Rockies Express
|
|
|
1,500
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source:
|
Energy Information Administration
|
Securities
MLP Equity Securities. Equity securities
issued by master limited partnership typically consist of common
and subordinated units (which represent the limited partner or
member interests) and a general partner or managing member
interest.
|
|
|
|
|
Common Units. The common units of many master
limited partnerships are listed and traded on national
securities exchanges, including the NYSE, the AMEX and the
NASDAQ. The Fund will typically purchase such common units
through open market transactions and underwritten offerings, but
may also acquire common units through direct placements and
privately negotiated transactions. Holders of master limited
|
46
|
|
|
|
|
partnership common units typically have very limited control and
voting rights. Holders of such common units are typically
entitled to receive the MQD, including arrearage rights, from
the issuer. Generally, a master limited partnership must pay (or
set aside for payment) the MQD to holders of common units before
any distributions may be paid to subordinated unit holders. In
addition, incentive distributions are typically not paid to the
general partner or managing member unless the quarterly
distributions on the common units exceed specified threshold
levels above the MQD. In the event of a liquidation, common unit
holders are intended to have a preference to the remaining
assets of the issuer over holders of subordinated units. Master
limited partnerships also issue different classes of common
units that may have different voting, trading, and distribution
rights. The Fund may invest in different classes of common units.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subordinated Units. Subordinated units, which,
like common units, represent limited partner or member
interests, are not typically listed on an exchange or publicly
traded. The Fund will typically purchase outstanding
subordinated units through negotiated transactions directly with
holders of such units or newly-issued subordinated units
directly from the issuer. Holders of such subordinated units are
generally entitled to receive a distribution only after the MQD
and any arrearages from prior quarters have been paid to holders
of common units. Holders of subordinated units typically have
the right to receive distributions at and above the MQD before
any incentive distributions are payable to the general partner
or managing member. Subordinated units generally do not provide
arrearage rights. Most master limited partnership subordinated
units are convertible into common units after the passage of a
specified period of time or upon the achievement by the issuer
of specified financial goals. Master limited partnerships also
issue different classes of subordinated units that may have
different voting, trading, and distribution rights. The Fund may
invest in different classes of subordinated units.
|
|
|
|
General Partner or Managing Member
Interests. The general partner or managing member
interest in master limited partnerships or limited liability
companies is typically retained by the original sponsors of a
master limited partnership or limited liability company, such as
its founders, corporate partners and entities that sell assets
to the master limited partnership or limited liability company.
The holder of the general partner or managing member interest
can be liable in certain circumstances for amounts greater than
the amount of the holders investment in the general
partner or managing member. General partner or managing member
interests often confer direct board participation rights in, and
in many cases control over the operations of, the entity.
General partner or managing member interests can be privately
held or owned by publicly traded entities. General partner or
managing member interests receive cash distributions, typically
in an amount of up to 2% of available cash, which is
contractually defined in the partnership or limited liability
company agreement. In addition, holders of general partner or
managing member interests typically receive incentive
distribution rights, which provide them with an increasing share
of the entitys aggregate cash distributions upon the
payment of per unit distributions that exceed specified
threshold levels above the MQD. Due to the incentive
distribution rights, GP MLPs have higher distribution growth
prospects than their underlying master limited partnerships, but
quarterly incentive distribution payments would also decline at
a greater rate than the decline rate in quarterly distributions
to common and subordinated unit holders in the event of a
reduction in the master limited partnerships quarterly
distribution. The ability of the limited partners or members to
remove the general partner or managing member without cause is
typically very limited. In addition, some master limited
partnerships permit the holder of incentive distribution rights
to reset, under specified circumstances, the incentive
distribution levels and receive compensation in exchange for the
distribution rights given up in the reset.
|
|
|
|
I-Shares. I-Shares represent an ownership
interest issued by an MLP affiliate. The MLP affiliate uses the
proceeds from the sale of I-Shares to purchase limited
partnership interests in the MLP in the form of
I-units.
Thus, I-Shares represent an indirect limited partner interest in
the master limited partnership.
I-units have
features similar to MLP common units in terms of voting rights,
liquidation preference and distribution.
I-Shares
differ from MLP common units primarily in that instead of
receiving cash distributions, holders of
I-Shares
will receive distributions of additional I-Shares in an amount
equal to the cash distributions received by common unit holders.
I-Shares are traded on the NYSE or the AMEX.
|
Other Equity Securities. The Fund may invest
in equity securities of issuers other than MLPs, including
common stocks of Other Natural Resource Companies and issuers
engaged in other sectors, including the finance
47
and real estate sectors. Such issuers may be organized
and/or taxed
as corporations and therefore may not offer the advantageous tax
characteristics of master limited partnership units.
Debt Securities. The Fund may invest in debt
securities rated, at the time of investment, at least
(i) B3 by Moodys Investors Service, Inc.,
(ii) B- by Standard & Poors or Fitch
Ratings, or (iii) a comparable rating by another rating
agency, provided, however, that the Fund may invest up to 5% of
the Funds Managed Assets in lower rated or unrated debt
securities. Debt securities rated below investment grade are
commonly known as junk bonds and are regarded as
predominantly speculative with respect to the issuers
capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with
the terms of the obligations, and involve major risk exposure to
adverse conditions.
Non-U.S. Securities. The
Fund may invest in
non-U.S. securities,
including, among other things, investments in American
Depositary Receipts, or ADRs. ADRs are certificates
evidencing ownership of shares of a
non-U.S. issuer
that are issued by depositary banks and generally trade on an
established market in the United States or elsewhere.
Investment
Practices
In addition to holding the portfolio investments described
above, the Fund may, but is not required to, use the following
investment practices:
Use of Derivatives. The Fund may use
derivative investments to hedge certain risks such as overall
market, interest rate and commodity price risks. The Fund may
engage in various interest rate and currency hedging
transactions, including buying or selling options or futures,
entering into other transactions including forward contracts,
swaps or options on futures and other derivatives transactions.
The Fund may engage in Strategic Transactions. The Fund
generally seeks to use these transactions to manage its
effective interest rate exposure, including the effective yield
paid on any leverage used by the Fund, protect against possible
adverse changes in the market value of the securities held in or
to be purchased for its portfolio, or otherwise protect the
value of its portfolio. See Principal Risks of the
Fund Strategic Transactions Risk for a more
complete discussion of these transactions and their risks.
In addition, the Fund may engage in transactions intended to
hedge the currency risk to which it may be exposed. Currency
hedging transactions in which the Fund may engage include buying
or selling options or futures or entering into other foreign
currency transactions including forward foreign currency
contracts, currency swaps or options on currency and currency
futures and other derivatives transactions. Hedging transactions
can be expensive and have risks, including the imperfect
correlation between the value of such instruments and the
underlying assets, the possible default of the other party to
the transaction or illiquidity of the derivative instruments.
Furthermore, the ability to successfully use hedging
transactions depends on the Investment Advisers ability to
predict pertinent market movements, which cannot be assured. See
Principal Risks of the Fund Risks Associated
with an Investment in
Non-U.S. Companies
Currency Hedging Risk.
The Fund may also sell short Treasury securities to hedge its
interest rate exposure. When shorting Treasury securities, the
loss is limited to the principal amount that is contractually
required to be repaid at maturity and the interest expense that
must be paid at the specified times. See Principal Risks
of the Fund Short Sales Risk.
Use of Arbitrage and Other Strategies. The
Fund may use short sales, arbitrage and other strategies to try
to generate additional return. As part of such strategies, the
Fund may engage in paired long-short trades to arbitrage pricing
disparities in securities issued by MLPs and Other Natural
Resource Companies, write (or sell) covered call options on the
securities of MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies or other
securities held in its portfolio, write (or sell) uncovered call
options on the securities of MLPs and Other Natural Resource
Companies, purchase call options or enter into swap contracts to
increase its exposure to MLPs and Other Natural Resource
Companies, or sell securities short. With a long position, the
Fund purchases a stock outright, whereas with a short position,
it would sell a security that it does not own and must borrow to
meet its settlement obligations. The Fund will realize a profit
or incur a loss from a short position depending on whether the
value of the underlying stock decreases or increases,
respectively, between the time the stock is sold and when the
Fund replaces the borrowed security. To increase its exposure to
certain issuers, the Fund may purchase call options or use swap
agreements. The Fund
48
expects to use these strategies on a limited basis. See
Principal Risks of the Fund Short Sales
Risk and Principal Risks of the Fund
Strategic Transactions Risk.
Portfolio Turnover. The Fund anticipates that
its annual portfolio turnover rate will be approximately 25%,
but that rate may vary greatly from year to year. Portfolio
turnover rate is not considered a limiting factor in the
Investment Advisers execution of investment decisions. A
higher portfolio turnover rate results in correspondingly
greater brokerage commissions and other transactional expenses
that are borne by the Fund.
Use of
Leverage
The Fund may seek to enhance its total returns through the use
of financial leverage, which may include the issuance of
Preferred Shares and other Leverage Instruments, in each case
within the applicable limits of the 1940 Act. The Fund expects
that it will initially leverage through borrowings in an
aggregate amount of up to approximately
331/3%
of its Managed Assets. The Fund in the future may decide to
leverage through the issuance of Preferred Shares or other
means. Thereafter total leverage of the Fund is expected to
range between 20% to 50% of the Funds Managed Assets. The
Fund may borrow from banks and other financial institutions.
Leverage creates a greater risk of loss, as well as potential
for more gain, for the Funds common shares than if
leverage is not used. Leverage Instruments would have complete
priority upon distribution of assets over common shares.
Depending on the type of Leverage Instruments involved, the
Funds use of financial leverage may require the approval
of its Board of Trustees. The Fund expects to invest the net
proceeds derived from any use or issuance of Leverage
Instruments according to the investment objective and policies
described in this prospectus. If shares of preferred stock are
issued, they would pay adjustable rate dividends based on
shorter-term interest rates, which would be reset periodically
by an auction process. The adjustment period for preferred stock
dividends could be as short as one day or as long as a year or
more. So long as the Funds portfolio is invested in
securities that provide a higher rate of return than the
dividend rate or interest rate of the Leverage Instrument after
taking its related expenses into consideration, the leverage
will cause the Funds common shareholders to receive a
higher rate of income than if it was not leveraged. There is no
assurance that the Fund will utilize Leverage Instruments or, if
Leverage Instruments are utilized, that they will be successful
in enhancing the level of the Funds total return. The net
asset value of the Funds common shares will be reduced by
the fees and issuance costs of any Leverage Instruments. The
Fund does not intend to use Leverage Instruments until the
proceeds of this offering are substantially invested in
accordance with its investment objective. The Fund anticipates
that it will invest the majority of the net proceeds of the
offering within three months, and may thereafter use Leverage
Instruments.
Leverage creates risk for holders of the Funds common
shares, including the likelihood of greater volatility of net
asset value and market price of the shares, and the risk of
fluctuations in dividend rates or interest rates on Leverage
Instruments which may affect the return to the holders of the
Funds common shares or will result in fluctuations in the
dividends paid by the Fund on its common shares. To the extent
the return on securities purchased with funds received from the
use of leverage exceeds the cost of leverage (including
increased expenses to the Fund), the Funds total return
will be greater than if leverage had not been used. Conversely,
if the return derived from such securities is less than the cost
of leverage (including increased expenses to the Fund), the
Funds total return will be less than if leverage had not
been used, and therefore, the amount available for distribution
to the Funds common shareholders will be reduced. In the
latter case, the Investment Adviser in its best judgment
nevertheless may determine to maintain the Funds leveraged
position if it expects that the benefits to the Funds
common shareholders of so doing will outweigh the current
reduced return. Under normal market conditions, the Fund
anticipates that it will be able to invest the proceeds from
leverage at a higher rate than the costs of leverage (including
increased expenses to the Fund), which would enhance returns to
the Funds common shareholders. The fees paid to the
Administrator and Investment Adviser will be calculated on the
basis of the Funds total assets including proceeds from
Leverage Instruments. During periods in which the Fund uses
financial leverage, the investment management fee payable to the
Administrator and Investment Adviser will be higher than if the
Fund did not use a leveraged capital structure. Consequently,
the Fund and the Administrator and Investment Adviser may have
differing interests in determining whether to leverage the
Funds assets. The Board of Trustees will monitor the
Funds use of leverage and this potential conflict.
49
The use of leverage creates risks and involves special
considerations. To the extent that the Fund uses leverage, it
expects to utilize hedging techniques such as swaps and caps on
a portion of its leverage to mitigate potential interest rate
risk. See Principal Risks of the Fund Leverage
Risk and Principal Risks of the Fund
Interest Rate Hedging Risk.
Delaware trust law authorizes the Fund, without prior approval
of its common shareholders, to borrow money. In this regard, the
Fund may issue notes or other evidence of indebtedness
(including bank borrowings or commercial paper) and may secure
any such borrowings by mortgaging, pledging or otherwise
subjecting as security its assets. In connection with such
borrowing, the Fund may be required to maintain minimum average
balances with the lender or to pay a commitment or other fee to
maintain a line of credit. Any such requirements will increase
the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate. Under the
requirements of the 1940 Act, the Fund, immediately after any
such borrowings, must have asset coverage of at
least 300%
(331/3%
of its Managed Assets). With respect to such borrowing, asset
coverage means the ratio which the value of the Funds
total assets, less all liabilities and indebtedness not
represented by senior securities (as defined in the 1940 Act),
bears to the aggregate amount of such borrowing represented by
senior securities issued by the Fund.
The rights of the Funds lenders to receive interest on and
repayment of principal of any such borrowings will be senior to
those of the Funds common shareholders, and the terms of
any such borrowings may contain provisions which limit certain
of the Funds activities, including the payment of
dividends to the Funds common shareholders in certain
circumstances. Under the 1940 Act, the Fund may not declare any
dividend or other distribution on any class of its stock, or
purchase any such stock, unless its aggregate indebtedness has,
at the time of the declaration of any such dividend or
distribution, or at the time of any such purchase, an asset
coverage of at least 300% after declaring the amount of such
dividend, distribution or purchase price, as the case may be.
Further, the 1940 Act does (in certain circumstances) grant the
Funds lenders certain voting rights in the event of
default in the payment of interest on or repayment of principal.
Subject to its ability to liquidate its relatively illiquid
portfolio, the Fund intends to repay the borrowings. Any
borrowing will likely be ranked senior or equal to all of the
Funds other existing and future borrowings.
Certain types of borrowings may result in the Fund being subject
to covenants in credit agreements relating to asset coverage and
portfolio composition requirements. The Fund may be subject to
certain restrictions on investments imposed by guidelines of one
or more rating agencies, which may issue ratings for the
Leverage Instruments issued by the Fund. These guidelines may
impose asset coverage or portfolio composition requirements that
are more stringent than those imposed by the 1940 Act. It is not
anticipated that these covenants or guidelines will impede the
Investment Adviser from managing the Funds portfolio in
accordance with the Funds investment objective and
policies.
Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is not permitted to issue preferred
stock unless immediately after such issuance the value of its
total assets is at least 200% of the liquidation value of the
outstanding preferred stock (i.e., the liquidation value may not
exceed 50% of the Funds total assets). In addition, the
Fund is not permitted to declare any cash dividend or other
distribution on its common shares unless, at the time of such
declaration, the value of its total assets is at least 200% of
such liquidation value. If the Fund issues preferred stock, it
intends, to the extent possible, to purchase or redeem it from
time to time to the extent necessary in order to maintain asset
coverage on such preferred stock of at least 200%. In addition,
as a condition to obtaining ratings on the preferred stock, the
terms of any preferred stock issued are expected to include
asset coverage maintenance provisions which will require the
redemption of the preferred stock in the event of non-compliance
by the Fund and may also prohibit dividends and other
distributions on the Funds common shares in such
circumstances. In order to meet redemption requirements, the
Fund may have to liquidate portfolio securities. Such
liquidations and redemptions would cause the Fund to incur
related transaction costs and could result in capital losses to
the Fund. If the Fund has preferred stock outstanding, two of
its Trustees will be elected by the holders of preferred stock
as a class. The Funds remaining Trustees will be elected
by holders of its common shares and preferred shares voting
together as a single class. In the event the Fund fails to pay
dividends on its preferred shares for two years, holders of
preferred shares would be entitled to elect a majority of its
Trustees.
50
The Fund may also borrow money as a temporary measure for
extraordinary or emergency purposes, including the payment of
dividends and the settlement of securities transactions which
otherwise might require untimely dispositions of its securities.
Credit
Facility
If the Fund leverages through borrowings, the Fund may enter
into definitive agreements with respect to a credit facility.
The Fund may negotiate with commercial banks to arrange a credit
facility pursuant to which the Fund would be entitled to borrow
an amount equal to approximately one-third (33 1/3%) of the
Funds Managed Assets offered hereby. Any such borrowings
would constitute financial leverage. Such a facility is not
expected to be convertible into any other securities of the
Fund. Any outstanding amounts are expected to be prepayable by
the Fund prior to final maturity without significant penalty,
and there are not expected to be any sinking fund or mandatory
retirement provisions. Outstanding amounts would be payable at
maturity or such earlier times as required by the agreement. The
Fund may be required to prepay outstanding amounts under the
facility or incur a penalty rate of interest in the event of the
occurrence of certain events of default. The Fund would be
expected to indemnify the lenders under the facility against
liabilities they may incur in connection with the facility. The
Fund may be required to pay commitment fees under the terms of
any such facility. With the use of borrowings, there is a risk
that the interest rates paid by the Fund on the amount it
borrows will be higher than the return on the Funds
investments.
In addition, the Fund expects that such a credit facility would
contain covenants that, among other things, likely will limit
the Funds ability to: (i) pay distributions in
certain circumstances, (ii) incur additional debt and
(iii) change its fundamental investment policies and engage
in certain transactions, including mergers and consolidations.
In addition, it may contain a covenant requiring asset coverage
ratios in addition to those required by the 1940 Act. The Fund
may be required to pledge its assets and to maintain a portion
of its assets in cash or high-grade securities as a reserve
against interest or principal payments and expenses. The Fund
expects that any credit facility would have customary covenant,
negative covenant and default provisions. There can be no
assurance that the Fund will enter into an agreement for a
credit facility on terms and conditions representative of the
foregoing or that additional material terms will not apply. In
addition, if entered into, any such credit facility may in the
future be replaced or refinanced by one or more credit
facilities having substantially different terms or by the
issuance of Preferred Shares.
Effects
of Leverage
Assuming the utilization of leverage in the amount of
331/3%
of the Funds Managed Assets and an annual interest rate of
[ ]% on borrowings payable on such
leverage based on market rates as of the date of this
prospectus, the additional income that the Fund must earn (net
of expenses) in order to cover such distribution payments is
[ ]%. The Funds actual cost
of leverage will be based on market rates at the time the Fund
undertakes a leveraging strategy, and such actual costs of
leverage may be higher or lower than that assumed in the
previous example.
The following table is designed to illustrate the effect on the
return to a holder of the Funds common shares of leverage
in the amount of approximately
331/3%
of the Funds total assets, assuming hypothetical annual
returns of the Funds portfolio of minus 10% to plus 10%.
As the table shows, leverage generally increases the return to
holders of common shares when portfolio return is positive and
greater than the cost of leverage and decreases the return when
the portfolio return is negative or less than the cost of
leverage. The figures appearing in the table are hypothetical
and actual returns may be greater or less than those appearing
in the table. See Principal Risks of the Fund.
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Assumed Portfolio Total Return
(Net of Expenses)
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(10
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)%
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(5
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)%
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0
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%
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5
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%
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10
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%
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Common Share Total Return
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([__]
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)%
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([__]
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)%
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([__]
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)%
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([__]
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)%
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([__]
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)%
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Common share total return is composed of two elements: common
share dividends paid by the Fund (the amount of which is largely
determined by the Funds net investment income after paying
dividends or interest on its Leverage Instruments) and gains or
losses on the value of the securities the Fund owns. As required
by SEC rules, the table above assumes that the Fund is more
likely to suffer capital losses than to enjoy capital
appreciation. For
51
example, to assume a total return of 0%, the Fund must assume
that the distributions it receives on its investments are
entirely offset by losses in the value of those securities.
Lending
of Portfolio Securities
The Fund may lend its portfolio securities to broker-dealers and
banks. Any such loan must be continuously secured by collateral
in cash or cash equivalents maintained on a current basis in an
amount at least equal to 102% of the value of the securities
loaned. The Fund would continue to receive the equivalent of the
interest or dividends paid by the issuer on the securities
loaned, and would also receive an additional return that may be
in the form of a fixed fee or a percentage of the collateral.
The Fund may pay reasonable fees for services in arranging these
loans. The Fund would have the right to call the loan and obtain
the securities loaned at any time on notice of not more than
five (5) business days. The Fund would not have the right
to vote the securities during the existence of the loan but
would call the loan to permit voting of the securities, if, in
the Investment Advisers judgment, a material event
requiring a shareholder vote would otherwise occur before the
loan was repaid. In the event of bankruptcy or other default of
the borrower, the Fund could experience both delays in
liquidating the loan collateral or recovering the loaned
securities and losses, including (a) possible decline in
the value of the collateral or in the value of the securities
loaned during the period while the Fund seeks to enforce its
rights thereto, (b) possible subnormal levels of income and
lack of access to income during this period, and
(c) expenses of enforcing its rights.
PRINCIPAL
RISKS OF THE FUND
General
Risk is inherent in all investing. The following discussion
summarizes some of the risks that a potential investor should
consider before deciding to purchase the Funds common
shares.
No Operating or Trading History. The Fund is a
newly organized, non-diversified, closed-end management
investment company and it has no operating or public trading
history. Being a recently organized company, the Fund is subject
to all of the business risks and uncertainties associated with
any new business, including the risk that the Fund will not
achieve its investment objective and that the value of an
investment in the Fund could decline substantially.
Investment and Market Risk. An investment in
the Funds common shares is subject to investment risk,
including the possible loss of an investors entire
investment. An investment in the Funds common shares
represents an indirect investment in the securities owned by the
Fund, some of which will be traded on a national securities
exchange or in the
over-the-counter
markets. The value of the securities in the Funds
portfolio, like other market investments, may move up or down,
sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. The value of the securities
in which the Fund invests will affect the value of its common
shares. The Funds common shares at any point in time may
be worth less than at the time of original investment, even
after taking into account the reinvestment of the Funds
dividends. The Fund is primarily a long-term investment vehicle
and should not be used for short-term trading. An investment in
the Funds common shares is not intended to constitute a
complete investment program and should not be viewed as such.
Market Discount From Net Asset Value
Risk. Shares of closed-end funds frequently trade
at discounts to their net asset value. This characteristic is a
risk separate and distinct from the risk that the Funds
net asset value could decrease as a result of its investment
activities and may be greater for investors expecting to sell
their shares in a relatively short period following completion
of this offering. The net asset value of the Funds common
shares will be reduced immediately following the offering as a
result of the payment of certain offering costs. Although the
value of the Funds net assets is generally considered by
market participants in determining whether to purchase or sell
shares, whether investors will realize gains or losses upon the
sale of the Funds common shares will depend entirely upon
whether the market price of its common shares at the time of
sale is above or below the investors purchase price for
the Funds common shares. Because the market price of the
Funds common shares will be affected by factors such as
net asset value, dividend or distribution levels (which are
dependent, in part, on expenses), supply of and demand for the
Funds common shares, stability of dividends or
distributions, trading volume of the Funds common shares,
general market and economic conditions, and other factors beyond
the
52
control of the Fund, the Fund cannot predict whether its common
shares will trade at, below or above net asset value or at,
below or above the initial public offering price.
Sector
Concentration Risk
Under normal market conditions, and once it is fully invested in
accordance with its investment objective, the Fund will have at
least 80% of its Managed Assets invested in securities of MLPs
operating primarily in the natural resource sector. There are
risks inherent in the natural resource sector and the businesses
of MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies, including those
described below.
MLP
and Other Natural Resource Company Risks
Commodity Price Risk. The return on the
Funds investments in MLPs and Other Natural Resource
Companies will be dependent on the operating margins received
and cash flows generated by those companies from the exploration
for, and development, production, gathering, transportation,
processing, storage, refining, distribution, mining or marketing
of, coal, natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil, refined
petroleum products or other hydrocarbons. These operating
margins and cash flows may fluctuate widely in response to a
variety of factors, including global and domestic economic
conditions, weather conditions, natural disasters, the supply
and price of imported natural resources, political instability,
conservation efforts and governmental regulation. Natural
resource commodity prices have been very volatile in the past
and such volatility is expected to continue. MLPs and Other
Natural Resource Companies engaged in crude oil and natural gas
exploration, development or production, natural gas gathering
and processing, crude oil refining and transportation and coal
mining or sales may be directly affected by their respective
natural resource commodity prices. The volatility of, and
interrelationships between, commodity prices can also indirectly
affect certain other MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies
due to the potential impact on the volume of commodities
transported, processed, stored or distributed. Some MLPs or
Other Natural Resource Companies that own the underlying energy
commodity may be unable to effectively mitigate or manage direct
margin exposure to commodity price levels. The prices of MLP and
Other Natural Resource Companies securities can be
adversely affected by market perceptions that their performance
and distributions or dividends are directly tied to commodity
prices.
Cyclicality Risk. The operating results of
companies in the broader natural resource sector are cyclical,
with fluctuations in commodity prices and demand for commodities
driven by a variety of factors. Commodity prices and natural
resource asset values are near historically high levels. The
highly cyclical nature of the natural resource sector may
adversely affect the earnings or operating cash flows of the
MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies in which the Fund will
invest.
Supply Risk. The profitability of MLPs and
Other Natural Resource Companies, particularly those involved in
processing, gathering and pipeline transportation, may be
materially impacted by the volume of natural gas or other energy
commodities available for transportation, processing, storage or
distribution. A significant decrease in the production of
natural gas, crude oil, coal or other energy commodities, due to
the decline of production from existing resources, import supply
disruption, depressed commodity prices or otherwise, would
reduce the revenue, operating income and operating cash flows of
MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies and, therefore, their
ability to make distributions or pay dividends.
Demand Risk. A sustained decline in demand for
coal, natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil and refined
petroleum products could adversely affect an MLPs or an
Other Natural Resource Companys revenues and cash flows.
Factors that could lead to a sustained decrease in market demand
include a recession or other adverse economic conditions, an
increase in the market price of the underlying commodity that is
not, or is not expected to be, merely a short-term increase,
higher taxes or other regulatory actions that increase costs, or
a shift in consumer demand for such products. Demand may also be
adversely affected by consumer sentiment with respect to global
warming and by state or federal legislation intended to promote
the use of alternative energy sources.
Risks Relating to Expansions and
Acquisitions. MLPs and Other Natural Resource
Companies employ a variety of means to increase cash flow,
including increasing utilization of existing facilities,
expanding operations through new construction or development
activities, expanding operations through acquisitions, or
securing additional long-term contracts. Thus, some MLPs or
Other Natural Resource Companies may be subject to
53
construction risk, development risk, acquisition risk or other
risks arising from their specific business strategies. MLPs and
Other Natural Resource Companies that attempt to grow through
acquisitions may not be able to effectively integrate acquired
operations with their existing operations. In addition,
acquisition or expansion projects may not perform as
anticipated. A significant slowdown in merger and acquisition
activity in the natural resource sector could reduce the growth
rate of cash flows received by the Fund from MLPs and Other
Natural Resource Companies that grow through acquisitions.
Competition Risk. The natural resource sector
is highly competitive. The MLPs and Other Natural Resource
Companies in which the Fund will invest will face substantial
competition from other companies, many of which will have
greater financial, technological, human and other resources, in
acquiring natural resource assets, obtaining and retaining
customers and contracts and hiring and retaining qualified
personnel. Larger companies may be able to pay more for assets
and may have a greater ability to continue their operations
during periods of low commodity prices. To the extent that the
MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies in which the Fund will
invest are unable to compete effectively, their operating
results, financial position, growth potential and cash flows may
be adversely affected, which could in turn adversely affect the
results of the Fund.
Weather Risk. Extreme weather conditions, such
as Hurricane Ivan in 2004 and Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in
2005, could result in substantial damage to the facilities of
certain MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies located in the
affected areas and significant volatility in the supply of
natural resources, commodity prices and the earnings of MLPs and
Other Natural Resource Companies, and could therefore adversely
affect their securities.
Interest Rate Risk. The prices of the equity
and debt securities of the MLPs and Other Natural Resource
Companies the Fund expects to hold in its portfolio are
susceptible in the short term to a decline when interest rates
rise. Rising interest rates could limit the capital appreciation
of securities of certain MLPs as a result of the increased
availability of alternative investments with yields comparable
to those of MLPs. Rising interest rates could adversely impact
the financial performance of MLPs and Other Natural Resource
Companies by increasing their cost of capital. This may reduce
their ability to execute acquisitions or expansion projects in a
cost effective manner.
MLP Structure Risk. Holders of MLP units are
subject to certain risks inherent in the structure of MLPs,
including (i) tax risks (described further below),
(ii) the limited ability to elect or remove management or
the general partner or managing member (iii) limited voting
rights, except with respect to extraordinary transactions, and
(iv) conflicts of interest between the general partner or
managing member and its affiliates, on the one hand, and the
limited partners or members, on the other hand, including those
arising from incentive distribution payments or corporate
opportunities.
Sub-Sector
Specific Risk. MLPs and Other Natural Resource
Companies are also subject to risks that are specific to the
particular
sub-sector
of the natural resources sector in which they operate.
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Pipelines. Pipeline companies are subject to
the demand for natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil or
refined products in the markets they serve, changes in the
availability of products for gathering, transportation,
processing or sale due to natural declines in reserves and
production in the supply areas serviced by the companies
facilities, sharp decreases in crude oil or natural gas prices
that cause producers to curtail production or reduce capital
spending for exploration activities, and environmental
regulation. Demand for gasoline, which accounts for a
substantial portion of refined product transportation, depends
on price, prevailing economic conditions in the markets served,
and demographic and seasonal factors. Companies that own
interstate pipelines that transport natural gas, natural gas
liquids, crude oil or refined petroleum products are subject to
regulation by FERC with respect to the tariff rates they may
charge for transportation services. An adverse determination by
FERC with respect to the tariff rates of such a company could
have a material adverse effect on its business, financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows of those
companies and their ability to pay cash distributions or
dividends. In addition, there is substantial uncertainty
regarding the outcome of legal proceedings relating to
FERCs tax allowance policy, which permits such companies
to include in their cost of service an income tax allowance to
the extent that their owners have an actual or potential tax
liability on the income generated by them. If FERCs income
tax allowance policy were to change in the future to disallow a
material portion of the income tax allowance taken by such
interstate pipeline companies, it would adversely impact the
maximum tariff rates that such companies are
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54
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permitted to charge for their transportation services, which
would in turn adversely affect the results of operations and
cash flows of those companies and their ability to pay cash
distributions or dividends to their unit holders or shareholders.
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Gathering and processing. Gathering and
processing companies are subject to natural declines in the
production of oil and natural gas fields, which utilize their
gathering and processing facilities as a way to market their
production, prolonged declines in the price of natural gas or
crude oil, which curtails drilling activity and therefore
production, and declines in the prices of natural gas liquids
and refined petroleum products, which cause lower processing
margins. In addition, some gathering and processing contracts
subject the gathering or processing company to direct
commodities price risk.
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Exploration and production. Exploration,
development and production companies are particularly vulnerable
to declines in the demand for and prices of crude oil and
natural gas. Reductions in prices for crude oil and natural gas
can cause a given reservoir to become uneconomic for continued
production earlier than it would if prices were higher,
resulting in the plugging and abandonment of, and cessation of
production from, that reservoir. In addition, lower commodity
prices not only reduce revenues but also can result in
substantial downward adjustments in reserve estimates. The
accuracy of any reserve estimate is a function of the quality of
available data, the accuracy of assumptions regarding future
commodity prices and future exploration and development costs
and engineering and geological interpretations and judgments.
Different reserve engineers may make different estimates of
reserve quantities and related revenue based on the same data.
Actual oil and gas prices, development expenditures and
operating expenses will vary from those assumed in reserve
estimates, and these variances may be significant. Any
significant variance from the assumptions used could result in
the actual quantity of reserves and future net cash flow being
materially different from those estimated in reserve reports. In
addition, results of drilling, testing and production and
changes in prices after the date of reserve estimates may result
in downward revisions to such estimates. Substantial downward
adjustments in reserve estimates could have a material adverse
effect on a given exploration and production companys
financial position and results of operations. In addition, due
to natural declines in reserves and production, exploration and
production companies must economically find or acquire and
develop additional reserves in order to maintain and grow their
revenues and distributions.
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Propane. Propane companies are subject to
earnings variability based upon weather patterns in the
locations where they operate and increases in the wholesale
price of propane which reduce profit margins. In addition,
propane companies are facing increased competition due to the
growing availability of natural gas, fuel oil and alternative
energy sources for residential heating.
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Coal. Coal companies are subject to declines
in the demand for and prices of coal. Demand variability can be
based on weather conditions, the strength of the domestic
economy, the level of coal stockpiles in their customer base,
and the prices of competing sources of fuel for electric
generation. They are also subject to supply variability based on
geological conditions that reduce the productivity of mining
operations, the availability of regulatory permits for mining
activities and the availability of coal that meets the standards
of the Clean Air Act. Demand and prices for coal may also be
affected by current and proposed regulatory limitations on
emissions from coal-fired power plants and the facilities of
other coal end users. Such limitations may reduce demand for the
coal produced and transported by coal companies. Certain coal
companies could face declining revenues if they are unable to
acquire additional coal reserves or other mineral reserves that
are economically recoverable.
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Marine shipping. Marine shipping companies are
subject to supply of and demand for, and level of consumption
of, natural gas, liquefied natural gas, crude oil, refined
petroleum products and liquefied petroleum gases in the supply
areas and market areas they serve, which affect the demand for
marine shipping services and therefore charter rates. Shipping
companies vessels and cargoes are also subject to the risk
of being damaged or lost due to marine disasters, extreme
weather, mechanical failures, grounding, fire, explosions,
collisions, human error, piracy, war and terrorism. Some vessels
may also require replacement or significant capital improvements
earlier than otherwise required due to changing regulatory
standards. Shipping companies or their ships may be chartered in
any country and the Funds investments in such issuers may
be subject to risks similar to risks related to investments in
non-U.S. securities.
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55
Cash Flow Risk. The Fund will derive
substantially all of its cash flow from investments in equity
securities of MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies. The
amount of cash that the Fund has available to distribute to
shareholders will depend on the ability of the MLPs and Other
Natural Resource Companies in which the Fund has an interest to
make distributions or pay dividends to their investors and the
tax character of those distributions or dividends. The Fund will
likely have no influence over the actions of the MLPs in which
it invests with respect to the payment of distributions or
dividends, and may only have limited influence over Other
Natural Resource Companies in that regard. The amount of cash
that any individual MLP or Other Natural Resource Company can
distribute to its investors, including the Fund, will depend on
the amount of cash it generates from operations, which will vary
from quarter to quarter depending on factors affecting the
natural resource sector generally and the particular business
lines of the issuer. Available cash will also depend on the
MLPs or Other Natural Resource Companys operating
costs, capital expenditures, debt service requirements,
acquisition costs (if any), fluctuations in working capital
needs and other factors. The cash that a master limited
partnership will have available for distribution will also
depend on the incentive distributions payable to its general
partner or managing member in connection with distributions paid
to its equity investors.
Regulatory Risk. The profitability of MLPs and
Other Natural Resource Companies could be adversely affected by
changes in the regulatory environment. MLPs and Other Natural
Resource Companies are subject to significant foreign, federal,
state and local regulation in virtually every aspect of their
operations, including with respect to how facilities are
constructed, maintained and operated, environmental and safety
controls, and the prices they may charge for the products and
services they provide. Such regulation can change over time in
both scope and intensity. For example, a particular by-product
may be declared hazardous by a regulatory agency and
unexpectedly increase production costs. Various governmental
authorities have the power to enforce compliance with these
regulations and the permits issued under them, and violators are
subject to administrative, civil and criminal penalties,
including civil fines, injunctions or both. Stricter laws,
regulations or enforcement policies could be enacted in the
future which would likely increase compliance costs and may
adversely affect the financial performance of MLPs and Other
Natural Resource Companies.
Specifically, the operations of wells, gathering systems,
pipelines, refineries and other facilities are subject to
stringent and complex federal, state and local environmental
laws and regulations. These include, for example:
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the federal Clean Air Act and comparable state laws and
regulations that impose obligations related to air emissions;
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the federal Clean Water Act and comparable state laws and
regulations that impose obligations related to discharges of
pollutants into regulated bodies of water;
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the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) and comparable state laws and regulations
that impose requirements for the handling and disposal of waste
from facilities; and
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the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), also known as
Superfund, and comparable state laws and regulations
that regulate the cleanup of hazardous substances that may have
been released at properties currently or previously owned or
operated by MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies or at
locations to which they have sent waste for disposal.
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Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may trigger a
variety of administrative, civil and criminal enforcement
measures, including the assessment of monetary penalties, the
imposition of remedial requirements, and the issuance of orders
enjoining future operations. Certain environmental statutes,
including RCRA, CERCLA, the federal Oil Pollution Act and
analogous state laws and regulations, impose strict, joint and
several liability for costs required to clean up and restore
sites where hazardous substances have been disposed of or
otherwise released. Moreover, it is not uncommon for neighboring
landowners and other third parties to file claims for personal
injury and property damage allegedly caused by the release of
hazardous substances or other waste products into the
environment.
There is an inherent risk that MLPs and Other Natural Resource
Companies may incur environmental costs and liabilities due to
the nature of their businesses and the substances they handle.
For example, an accidental release from wells or gathering
pipelines could subject them to substantial liabilities for
environmental cleanup and restoration costs, claims made by
neighboring landowners and other third parties for personal
injury and property
56
damage, and fines or penalties for related violations of
environmental laws or regulations. Moreover, the possibility
exists that stricter laws, regulations or enforcement policies
could significantly increase the compliance costs of MLPs and
Other Natural Resource Companies, and the cost of any
remediation that may become necessary. MLPs and Other Natural
Resource Companies may not be able to recover these costs from
insurance.
Proposals for voluntary initiatives and mandatory controls are
being discussed both in the United States and worldwide to
reduce emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon
dioxide, a by-product of burning fossil fuels, and methane, the
major constituent of natural gas, which many scientists and
policymakers believe contribute to global climate change. These
measures, if adopted, could result in increased costs to certain
companies in which the Fund may invest to operate and maintain
Natural Resource facilities and administer and manage a
greenhouse gas emissions program.
In the wake of a recent Supreme Court decision holding that the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has some legal
authority to deal with climate change under the Clean Air Act,
the federal government announced on May 14, 2007 that the
EPA and the Departments of Transportation, Energy, and
Agriculture would jointly write regulations to cut gasoline use
and control greenhouse gas emissions from cars and trucks. These
measures if adopted could reduce demand for energy or raise
prices, which may adversely affect the total return of certain
of the Funds investments.
Affiliated Party Risk. Certain MLPs and Other
Natural Resource Companies are dependent on their parents or
sponsors for a majority of their revenues. Any failure by an
MLPs or an Other Natural Resource Companys parents
or sponsors to satisfy their payments or obligations would
impact the MLPs or Other Natural Resource Companys
revenues and cash flows and ability to make distributions.
Moreover, the terms of an MLPs or an Other Natural
Resource Companys transactions with its parent or sponsor
are typically not arrived at on an arms-length basis, and
may not be as favorable to the MLP or Other Natural Resource
Company as a transaction with a non-affiliate.
Catastrophe Risk. The operations of MLPs and
Other Natural Resource Companies are subject to many hazards
inherent in the exploration for, and development, production,
gathering, transportation, processing, storage, refining,
distribution, mining or marketing of, coal, natural gas, natural
gas liquids, crude oil, refined petroleum products or other
hydrocarbons, including: damage to production equipment,
pipelines, storage tanks or related equipment and surrounding
properties caused by hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, fires and
other natural disasters or by acts of terrorism; inadvertent
damage from construction or other equipment; leaks of natural
gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil, refined petroleum products
or other hydrocarbons; and fires and explosions. These risks
could result in substantial losses due to personal injury or
loss of life, severe damage to and destruction of property and
equipment and pollution or other environmental damage, and may
result in the curtailment or suspension of their related
operations. Not all MLPs or Other Natural Resource Companies are
fully insured against all risks inherent to their businesses. If
a significant accident or event occurs that is not fully
insured, it could adversely affect the MLPs or Other
Natural Resource Companys operations and financial
condition.
Risks
Associated with an Investment in IPOs
Securities purchased in IPOs are often subject to the general
risks associated with investments in companies with small market
capitalizations, and typically to a heightened degree.
Securities issued in IPOs have no trading history, and
information about the companies may be available for very
limited periods. In addition, the prices of securities sold in
an IPO may be highly volatile. At any particular time or from
time to time, the Fund may not be able to invest in IPOs, or to
invest to the extent desired, because, for example, only a small
portion (if any) of the securities being offered in an IPO may
be available to the Fund. In addition, under certain market
conditions, a relatively small number of companies may issue
securities in IPOs. The investment performance of the Fund
during periods when it is unable to invest significantly or at
all in IPOs may be lower than during periods when it is able to
do so.
IPO securities may be volatile, and the Fund cannot predict
whether investments in IPOs will be successful. As the Fund
grows in size, the positive effect of IPO investments on the
Fund may decrease.
57
Risks
Associated with an Investment in PIPE Transactions
PIPE investors purchase securities directly from a publicly
traded company in a private placement transaction, typically at
a discount to the market price of the companys common
stock. Because the sale of the securities is not registered
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the
Securities Act), the securities are
restricted and cannot be immediately resold by the
investors into the public markets. Accordingly, the company
typically agrees as part of the PIPE deal to register the
restricted securities with the SEC. PIPE securities may be
deemed illiquid.
Privately
Held Company Risk
Investing in privately held companies involves risk. For
example, privately held companies are not subject to SEC
reporting requirements, are not required to maintain their
accounting records in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, and are not required to maintain
effective internal controls over financial reporting. As a
result, the Investment Adviser may not have timely or accurate
information about the business, financial condition and results
of operations of the privately held companies in which the Fund
invests. In addition, the securities of privately held companies
are generally illiquid, and entail the risks described under
Liquidity Risk below.
Liquidity
Risk
The investments made by the Fund, including investments in MLPs,
may be illiquid and consequently the Fund may not be able to
sell such investments at prices that reflect the Investment
Advisers assessment of their value, the amount paid for
such investments by the Fund or at prices approximating the
value at which the Fund is carrying the securities on its books.
Furthermore, the nature of the Funds investments may
require a long holding period prior to profitability.
Although the equity securities of the MLPs and Other Natural
Resource Companies in which the Fund invests generally trade on
major stock exchanges, certain securities may trade less
frequently, particularly those with smaller capitalizations.
Securities with limited trading volumes may display volatile or
erratic price movements. Investment of the Funds capital
in securities that are less actively traded or over time
experience decreased trading volume may restrict the Funds
ability to take advantage of other market opportunities.
The Fund also expects to invest in unregistered or otherwise
restricted securities. Unregistered securities are securities
that cannot be sold publicly in the United States without
registration under the Securities Act, unless an exemption from
such registration is available. Restricted securities may be
more difficult to value and the Fund may have difficulty
disposing of such assets either in a timely manner or for a
reasonable price. In order to dispose of an unregistered
security, the Fund, where it has contractual rights to do so,
may have to cause such security to be registered. A considerable
period may elapse between the time the decision is made to sell
the security and the time the security is registered so that the
Fund could sell it. Contractual restrictions on the resale of
securities vary in length and scope and are generally the result
of a negotiation between the issuer and acquiror of the
securities. The Fund would, in either case, bear the risks of
any downward price fluctuation during that period. The
difficulties and delays associated with selling restricted
securities could result in the Funds inability to realize
a favorable price upon disposition of such securities, and at
times might make disposition of such securities impossible.
Tax
Risks
In addition to other risk considerations, an investment in the
Funds common shares will involve certain tax risks,
including, but not limited to, the risks summarized below and
discussed in more detail elsewhere in this prospectus. Tax
matters are complicated, and the foreign and U.S. federal,
state and local tax consequences of the purchase and ownership
of the Funds common shares will depend on the facts of
each investors situation. Prospective investors are
encouraged to consult their own tax advisers regarding the
specific tax consequences that may affect such investors.
Tax Law Changes. Changes in tax laws,
regulations or interpretations thereof in the future could
adversely affect the Fund or the MLPs or Other Natural Resource
Companies in which the Fund will invest. Any such changes could
negatively impact the Funds common shareholders.
Legislation could also negatively impact the amount and
58
tax characterization of dividends received by the Funds
common shareholders. Federal legislation has reduced the tax
rate on qualified dividend income to the rate applicable to
long-term capital gains, which is generally 15% for individuals,
provided a holding period requirement and certain other
requirements are met. This reduced rate of tax on dividends is
currently scheduled to revert to ordinary income tax rates for
taxable years beginning after December 31, 2010, and the
15% federal income tax rate for long-term capital gains is
scheduled to revert to 20% for such taxable years.
Tax Risk of MLPs. The Funds ability to
meet its investment objective will depend partially on the
amounts of taxable income, distributions and dividends it
receives from the securities in which it will invest, a factor
over which it has no control. The benefit the Fund will derive
from its investment in master limited partnerships is largely
dependent on the master limited partnerships being treated
as partnerships for federal income tax purposes. As a
partnership, a master limited partnership has no federal income
tax liability at the entity level. If, as a result of a change
in current law or a change in a master limited
partnerships business, a master limited partnership were
to be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes,
it would be subject to federal income tax on its income at the
graduated tax rates applicable to corporations (currently a
maximum rate of 35%). In addition, if a master limited
partnership were to be classified as a corporation for federal
income tax purposes, the amount of cash available for
distribution by it would be reduced and distributions received
by the Fund from it would be taxed under federal income tax laws
applicable to corporate distributions (as dividend income,
return of capital, or capital gain). Therefore, treatment of
master limited partnerships as corporations for federal income
tax purposes would result in a reduction in the after-tax return
to the Fund, likely causing a reduction in the value of the
Funds common shares.
Deferred Tax Risks of MLPs. As a limited
partner or member in the MLPs in which the Fund will invest, the
Fund will be required to include in its taxable income its
allocable share of income, gains, losses, deductions, and
credits from those master limited partnerships, regardless of
whether they distribute any cash to the Fund. Historically, a
significant portion of the income from master limited
partnerships has been offset by tax deductions. The Fund will
incur a current tax liability on its allocable share of a master
limited partnerships income and gains that is not offset
by tax deductions, losses and credits, or its net operating loss
carryforwards, if any. The portion, if any, of a distribution
received by the Fund from a master limited partnership that is
offset by the master limited partnerships tax deductions,
losses or credits will be treated as a tax-advantaged return of
capital. However, those distributions will reduce the
Funds adjusted tax basis in the equity securities of the
master limited partnership, which will result in an increase in
the amount of gain (or decrease in the amount of loss) that will
be recognized by the Fund for tax purposes upon the sale of any
such equity securities or upon subsequent distributions in
respect of such equity securities. The percentage of a master
limited partnerships income and gains that is offset by
tax deductions, losses and credits will fluctuate over time for
various reasons. A significant slowdown in acquisition activity
or capital spending by master limited partnerships held in the
Funds portfolio could result in a reduction of accelerated
depreciation generated by new acquisitions, which may result in
increased current tax liability for the Fund.
The Fund will accrue deferred income taxes for its future tax
liability associated with that portion of master limited
partnership distributions considered to be a tax-advantaged
return of capital, as well as for its future tax liability
associated with the capital appreciation of its investments.
Upon the Funds sale of a master limited partnership
security, the Fund may be liable for previously deferred taxes.
The Fund will rely to some extent on information provided by
master limited partnerships, which is not necessarily timely, to
estimate deferred tax liability for purposes of financial
statement reporting and determining its net asset value. From
time to time, the Fund will modify its estimates or assumptions
regarding its deferred tax liability as new information becomes
available.
Tax Risks of Corporations. The Fund intends to
invest in companies that are classified as corporations for
federal income tax purposes. Any distributions received by the
Fund from these companies will be taxed under federal income tax
laws applicable to corporate distributions (as dividend income,
return of capital or capital gain). The amount of a corporate
distribution taxable to the Fund as a dividend will depend upon
the earnings and profits of the company making the distribution.
Historically, the types of corporate Other Natural Resource
Companies in which the Fund intends to invest generally have
paid dividends to their equity holders in excess of earnings and
profits. However, the earnings and profits of an Other Natural
Resource Company will fluctuate over time for a variety of
reasons, including those discussed herein. An increase in a
corporations earnings and profits may result
59
in a greater proportion of its corporate distributions being
treated as a taxable dividend, resulting in an increased current
tax liability to the Fund. In addition, the Fund may invest in
PFICs. As a result of an investment in a PFIC, the Fund may be
subject to an interest charge or, if it makes a certain
election, may be required to recognize taxable income related to
such investment prior to its receipt of the corresponding cash.
Deferred Tax Risks of Investing in the Funds Common
Shares. A reduction in the percentage of the
distributions received by the Fund that are offset by tax
deductions, losses or credits, or an increase in its portfolio
turnover, will reduce that portion of its common share dividend
treated as a tax-advantaged return of capital and increase that
portion treated as dividend income, resulting in lower after-tax
dividends to its common shareholders. See Tax
Matters.
Risks
Associated with an Investment in
Non-U.S. Companies
Non-U.S. Securities
Risk. Investing in securities of
non-U.S. issuers
involves certain risks not involved in domestic investments,
including, but not limited to: fluctuations in currency exchange
rates; future foreign economic, financial, political and social
developments; different legal systems; the possible imposition
of exchange controls or other foreign governmental laws or
restrictions; lower trading volume; greater price volatility and
illiquidity; different trading and settlement practices; less
governmental supervision; high and volatile rates of inflation;
fluctuating interest rates; less publicly available information;
and different accounting, auditing and financial recordkeeping
standards and requirements.
Non-U.S. Currency
Risk. Because the Fund may invest in securities
denominated or quoted in
non-U.S. currencies,
changes in the
non-U.S. currency/U.S. dollar
exchange rate may affect the value of the Funds securities
and the unrealized appreciation or depreciation of its
investments.
Currency Hedging Risk. The Fund may in the
future hedge against currency risk resulting from investing in
non-U.S. MLPs
and Other Natural Resource Companies valued in
non-U.S. currencies.
Currency hedging transactions in which the Fund may engage
include buying or selling options or futures or entering into
other foreign currency transactions including forward foreign
currency contracts, currency swaps or options on currency and
currency futures and other derivatives transactions. Hedging
transactions can be expensive and have risks, including the
imperfect correlation between the value of such instruments and
the underlying assets, the possible default of the other party
to the transaction or the illiquidity of the derivative
instruments. Furthermore, the ability to successfully use
hedging transactions depends on the Investment Advisers
ability to predict pertinent market movements, which cannot be
assured. Thus, the use of hedging transactions may result in
losses greater than if they had not been used, may require the
Fund to sell or purchase portfolio securities at inopportune
times or for prices other than current market values, may limit
the amount of appreciation the Fund can realize on an
investment, or may cause the Fund to hold a security that the
Fund might otherwise sell. The use of hedging transactions may
result in the Fund incurring losses as a result of matters
beyond the Funds control. For example losses may be
incurred because of the imposition of exchange controls, the
suspension of settlements or the Funds inability to
deliver or receive a specified currency.
Emerging Markets Risk. Investments in emerging
markets instruments, while generally providing greater potential
opportunity for capital appreciation and higher yields than
investments in more developed market instruments, may also
involve greater risk. Emerging markets may be subject to
economic, social and political risks not applicable to
instruments of developed market issuers, such as repatriation,
exchange control or other monetary restrictions, taxation risks,
and special considerations due to limited publicly available
information, less stringent regulatory standards, and lack of
uniformity in accounting.
With respect to certain countries, there is a possibility of
expropriation, confiscatory taxation, imposition of withholding
or other taxes on dividends, interest, capital gains or other
income, limitations on the removal of funds or other assets of
the Fund, political or social instability or diplomatic
developments that could affect investments in those countries.
An issuer of securities may be domiciled in a country other than
the country in whose currency the instrument is denominated. The
values and relative yields of investments in the securities
markets of different countries, and their associated risks, are
expected to change independently of each other.
60
Interest
Rate Risk
The costs associated with any leverage used by the Fund are
likely to increase when interest rates rise. Accordingly, the
market price of the Funds common shares may decline when
interest rates rise.
Legal
and Regulatory Risk
Legal, tax and regulatory changes could occur during the term of
the Fund that may adversely affect the Fund. The regulatory
environment for closed-end funds is evolving, and changes in the
regulation of closed-end funds may adversely affect the value of
investments held by the Fund and the ability of the Fund to
obtain the leverage it might otherwise obtain or to pursue its
trading strategy. In addition, the securities and futures
markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations and
margin requirements. The SEC, other regulators and
self-regulatory organizations and exchanges are authorized to
take extraordinary actions in the event of market emergencies.
The regulation of derivatives transactions and funds that engage
in such transactions is an evolving area of law and is subject
to modification by governmental and judicial action. The effect
of any future regulatory change on the Fund could be substantial
and adverse.
Interest
Rate Hedging Risk
The Fund may in the future hedge against interest rate risk
resulting from the Funds portfolio holdings and any
financial leverage it may incur. Interest rate transactions the
Fund may use for hedging purposes will expose the Fund to
certain risks that differ from the risks associated with its
portfolio holdings. There are economic costs of hedging
reflected in the price of interest rate swaps, caps and similar
techniques, the cost of which can be significant. In addition,
the Funds success in using hedging instruments is subject
to the Investment Advisers ability to correctly predict
changes in the relationships of such hedging instruments to the
Funds leverage risk, and there can be no assurance that
the Investment Advisers judgment in this respect will be
accurate. Depending on the state of interest rates in general,
the Funds use of interest rate hedging instruments could
enhance or decrease investment company taxable income available
to the holders of its common shares. To the extent there is a
decline in interest rates, the value of interest rate swaps or
caps could decline, and result in a decline in the net asset
value of the Funds common shares. In addition, if the
counterparty to an interest rate swap or cap defaults, the Fund
would not be able to use the anticipated net receipts under the
interest rate swap or cap to offset its cost of financial
leverage.
Arbitrage
Risk
A part of the Investment Advisers investment operations
may involve spread positions between two or more securities, or
derivatives positions including commodities hedging positions,
or a combination of the foregoing. The Investment Advisers
trading operations also may involve arbitraging between two
securities or commodities, between the security, commodity and
related options or derivatives markets, between spot and futures
or forward markets,
and/or any
combination of the above. To the extent the price relationships
between such positions remain constant, no gain or loss on the
positions will occur. These offsetting positions entail
substantial risk that the price differential could change
unfavorably, causing a loss to the position.
Delay
in Use of Proceeds
Although the Fund intends to invest the proceeds of this
offering in accordance with the Funds investment objective
as soon as practicable, such investments, particularly those in
unregistered or otherwise restricted securities, may be delayed
if suitable investments are unavailable at the time or if the
Fund is unable to secure firm commitments for direct placements.
The Fund anticipates that it will be fully invested in
accordance with its investment objective within three months
after the completion of the offering. Prior to the time the Fund
is fully invested, the proceeds of the offering may temporarily
be invested in cash, cash equivalents, or in debt securities
that are rated AA or higher. Income received by the Fund from
these securities would likely be less than returns sought
pursuant to the Funds investment objective and policies.
As a result, the return on the Funds common shares in the
first year of its investment operations is expected to be lower
than when the Fund is fully invested in accordance with its
investment objective and policies. See Use of
Proceeds.
61
Equity
Securities Risk
Master limited partnership common units and other equity
securities of master limited partnerships and Other Natural
Resource Companies can be affected by macroeconomic, political,
global and other factors affecting the stock market in general,
expectations of interest rates, investor sentiment towards
master limited partnerships or the natural resource sector,
changes in a particular companys financial condition, or
the unfavorable or unanticipated poor performance of a
particular master limited partnership or Other Natural Resource
Company (which, in the case of a master limited partnership, is
generally measured in terms of distributable cash flow). Prices
of common units and other equity securities of individual master
limited partnerships and Other Natural Resource Companies can
also be affected by fundamentals unique to the partnership or
company, including earnings power and coverage ratios.
MLP Subordinated Units. Master limited
partnership subordinated units are not typically listed on an
exchange or publicly traded. Holders of master limited
partnership subordinated units are entitled to receive a
distribution only after the MQD has been paid to holders of
common units, but prior to payment of incentive distributions to
the general partner or managing member. Master limited
partnership subordinated units generally do not provide
arrearage rights. Most master limited partnership subordinated
units are convertible into common units after the passage of a
specified period of time or upon the achievement by the master
limited partnership of specified financial goals.
General Partner and Managing Member
Interests. General partner and managing member
interests are not publicly traded, though they may be owned by
publicly traded entities such as GP MLPs. A holder of general
partner or managing member interests can be liable in certain
circumstances for amounts greater than the amount of the
holders investment. In addition, while a general partner
or managing members incentive distribution rights can mean
that general partners and managing members have higher
distribution growth prospects than their underlying master
limited partnerships, these incentive distribution payments
would decline at a greater rate than the decline rate in
quarterly distributions to common or subordinated unit holders
in the event of a reduction in the master limited
partnerships quarterly distribution. A general partner or
managing member interest can be redeemed by the master limited
partnership if the master limited partnership unit holders
choose to remove the general partner, typically by a
supermajority vote of the limited partners or members.
Small-Cap
and Mid-Cap Company Risk
Certain of the MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies in
which the Fund may invest may have small or medium-sized market
capitalizations (small-cap and mid-cap
companies, respectively). Investing in the securities of
small-cap or mid-cap MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies
presents some particular investment risks. These MLPs and Other
Natural Resource Companies may have limited product lines and
markets, as well as shorter operating histories, less
experienced management and more limited financial resources than
larger MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies, and may be
more vulnerable to adverse general market or economic
developments. Stocks of these MLPs and Other Natural Resource
Companies may be less liquid than those of larger MLPs and Other
Natural Resource Companies, and may experience greater price
fluctuations than larger MLPs and Other Natural Resource
Companies. In addition, small-cap or mid-cap company securities
may not be widely followed by investors, which may result in
reduced demand.
Leverage
Risk
The Fund may use leverage through the issuance of Preferred
Shares, commercial paper or notes, other forms of borrowing or
both. The use of leverage, which can be described as exposure to
changes in price at a ratio greater than the amount of equity
invested, either through the issuance of Preferred Shares,
borrowing or other forms of market exposure, magnifies both the
favorable and unfavorable effects of price movements in the
investments made by the Fund. Insofar as the Fund employs
leverage in its investment operations, the Fund will be subject
to increased risk of loss.
Preferred Share Risk. Preferred Share risk is
the risk associated with the issuance of the Preferred Shares to
leverage the common shares. If the Fund issues Preferred Shares,
the net asset value and market value of the common shares will
be more volatile, and the yield to the holders of common shares
will tend to fluctuate with
62
changes in the shorter-term dividend rates on the Preferred
Shares. If the dividend rate on the Preferred Shares approaches
the net rate of return on the Funds investment portfolio,
the benefit of leverage to the holders of the common shares
would be reduced. If the dividend rate on the Preferred Shares
exceeds the net rate of return on the Funds portfolio, the
leverage will result in a lower rate of return to the holders of
common shares than if the Fund had not issued Preferred Shares.
In addition, the Fund will pay (and the holders of common shares
will bear) all costs and expenses relating to the issuance and
ongoing maintenance of the Preferred Shares, including higher
advisory fees. Accordingly, the Fund cannot assure you that the
issuance of Preferred Shares will result in a higher yield or
return to the holders of the common shares. Costs of the
offering of Preferred Shares will be borne immediately by the
Funds common shareholders and result in a reduction of net
asset value of the common shares.
Similarly, any decline in the net asset value of the Funds
investments will be borne entirely by the holders of common
shares. Therefore, if the market value of the Funds
portfolio declines, the leverage will result in a greater
decrease in net asset value to the holders of common shares than
if the Fund were not leveraged. This greater net asset value
decrease will also tend to cause a greater decline in the market
price for the common shares. The Fund might be in danger of
failing to maintain the required asset coverage of the Preferred
Shares or of losing its ratings on the Preferred Shares or, in
an extreme case, the Funds current investment income might
not be sufficient to meet the dividend requirements on the
Preferred Shares. In order to counteract such an event, the Fund
might need to liquidate investments in order to fund a
redemption of some or all of the Preferred Shares. Liquidation
at times of low municipal bond prices may result in capital loss
and may reduce returns to the holders of common shares.
Preferred Shareholders May Have Disproportionate Influence
over the Fund. If Preferred Shares are issued,
holders of Preferred Shares may have differing interests than
holders of common shares and holders of Preferred Shares may at
times have disproportionate influence over the Funds
affairs. If Preferred Shares are issued, holders of Preferred
Shares, voting separately as a single class, would have the
right to elect two members of the Board of Trustees at all
times. The remaining members of the Board of Trustees would be
elected by holders of common shares and Preferred Shares, voting
as a single class. The 1940 Act also requires that, in addition
to any approval by shareholders that might otherwise be
required, the approval of the holders of a majority of any
outstanding Preferred Shares, voting separately as a class,
would be required to (i) adopt any plan of reorganization
that would adversely affect the Preferred Shares and
(ii) take any action requiring a vote of security holders
under Section 13(a) of the 1940 Act, including, among other
things, changes in the Funds subclassification as a
closed-end fund or changes in its fundamental investment
restrictions.
Credit Facility. In the event the Fund
leverages through borrowings, the Fund may enter into definitive
agreements with respect to a credit facility. The Fund may
negotiate with commercial banks to arrange a credit facility
pursuant to which the Fund would be entitled to borrow an amount
equal to approximately
331/3
of the Funds Managed Assets (inclusive of the amount
borrowed). Any such borrowings would constitute financial
leverage. Such a facility is not expected to be convertible into
any other securities of the Fund. Any outstanding amounts are
expected to be prepayable by the Fund prior to final maturity
without significant penalty, and there are not expected to be
any sinking fund or mandatory retirement provisions. Outstanding
amounts would be payable at maturity or such earlier times as
required by the agreement. The Fund may be required to prepay
outstanding amounts under the facility or incur a penalty rate
of interest in the event of the occurrence of certain events of
default. The Fund would be expected to indemnify the lenders
under the facility against liabilities they may incur in
connection with the facility. The Fund may be required to pay
commitment fees under the terms of any such facility. With the
use of borrowings, there is a risk that the interest rates paid
by the Fund on the amount it borrows will be higher than the
return on the Funds investments.
The Fund expects that such a credit facility would contain
covenants that, among other things, likely will limit the
Funds ability to: (i) pay dividends in certain
circumstances, (ii) incur additional debt and
(iii) change its fundamental investment policies and engage
in certain transactions, including mergers and consolidations.
In addition, it may contain a covenant requiring asset coverage
ratios in addition to those required by the 1940 Act. The Fund
may be required to pledge its assets and to maintain a portion
of its assets in cash or high-grade securities as a reserve
against interest or principal payments and expenses. The Fund
expects that any credit facility would have customary covenant,
negative covenant and default provisions. There can be no
assurance that the Fund will enter
63
into an agreement for a credit facility on terms and conditions
representative of the foregoing or that additional material
terms will not apply. In addition, if entered into, any such
credit facility may in the future be replaced or refinanced by
one or more credit facilities having substantially different
terms or by the issuance of Preferred Shares.
Portfolio Guidelines of Rating Agencies for Preferred Share
and/or
Credit Facility. In order to obtain and maintain
the required ratings of loans from a credit facility, the Fund
will be required to comply with investment quality,
diversification and other guidelines established by Moodys
and/or
S&P or the credit facility, respectively. Such guidelines
will likely be more restrictive than the restrictions otherwise
applicable to the Fund as described in this prospectus. The Fund
does not anticipate that such guidelines would have a material
adverse effect on the Funds holders of common shares or
its ability to achieve its investment objective. No minimum
rating is required for the issuance of Preferred Shares by the
Fund. Moodys and S&P would receive fees in connection
with their ratings issuances.
Securities
Lending Risk
The Fund may lend its portfolio securities (up to a maximum of
one-third of its Managed Assets) to banks or dealers which meet
the creditworthiness standards established by the Board of
Trustees of the Fund. Securities lending is subject to the risk
that loaned securities may not be available to the Fund on a
timely basis and the Fund may, therefore, lose the opportunity
to sell the securities at a desirable price. Any loss in the
market price of securities loaned by the Fund that occurs during
the term of the loan would be borne by the Fund and would
adversely affect the Funds performance. Also, there may be
delays in recovery, or no recovery, of securities loaned or even
a loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower of the
securities fail financially while the loan is outstanding. These
risks may be greater for
non-U.S. securities.
Non-Diversification
Risk
The Fund is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment
company under the 1940 Act. The Fund may invest a relatively
high percentage of its assets in a limited number of issuers. To
the extent the Fund invests a relatively high percentage of the
Funds assets in the securities of a limited number of
issuers, the Fund may be more susceptible than a more widely
diversified investment company to any single economic, political
or regulatory occurrence.
Valuation
Risk
Market prices may not be readily available for certain of the
Funds investments, and the value of such investments will
ordinarily be determined based on fair valuations determined by
the Board of Trustees or its designee pursuant to procedures
adopted by the Board of Trustees. Restrictions on resale or the
absence of a liquid secondary market may adversely affect the
Funds ability to determine its net asset value. The sale
price of securities that are not readily marketable may be lower
or higher than the Funds most recent determination of
their fair value.
Additionally, the value of these securities typically requires
more reliance on the judgment of the Investment Adviser than
that required for securities for which there is an active
trading market. Due to the difficulty in valuing these
securities and the absence of an active trading market for these
investments, the Fund may not be able to realize these
securities true value or may have to delay their sale in
order to do so.
Fair value is defined as the amount for which assets could be
sold in an orderly disposition over a reasonable period of time,
taking into account the nature of the asset. Fair value pricing,
however, involves judgments that are inherently subjective and
inexact, since fair valuation procedures are used only when it
is not possible to be sure what value should be attributed to a
particular asset or when an event will affect the market price
of an asset and to what extent. As a result, there can be no
assurance that fair value pricing will reflect actual market
value and it is possible that the fair value determined for a
security will be materially different from the value that
actually could be or is realized upon the sale of that asset.
See Net Asset Value.
64
Portfolio
Turnover Risk
The Fund anticipates that its annual portfolio turnover rate
will be approximately 25%, but that rate may vary greatly from
year to year. Portfolio turnover rate is not considered a
limiting factor in the Investment Advisers execution of
investment decisions. A higher portfolio turnover rate results
in correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other
transactional expenses that are borne by the Fund.
Strategic
Transactions Risk
The Fund may engage in Strategic Transactions, including the
purchase and sale of derivative investments such as
exchange-listed and
over-the-counter
put and call options on securities, equity, fixed income and
interest rate indices, and other financial instruments, and may
enter into various interest rate transactions such as swaps,
caps, floors or collars or credit transactions and credit
default swaps and invest in forward contracts. The Fund also may
purchase derivative investments that combine features of these
instruments. The use of derivatives has risks, including the
imperfect correlation between the value of such instruments and
the underlying assets, the possible default of the other party
to the transaction or illiquidity of the derivative investments.
Furthermore, the ability to successfully use these techniques
depends on the Funds ability to predict pertinent market
movements, which cannot be assured. Thus, their use may result
in losses greater than if they had not been used, may require
the Fund to sell or purchase portfolio securities at inopportune
times or for prices other than current market values, may limit
the amount of appreciation the Fund can realize on an investment
or may cause the Fund to hold a security that it might otherwise
sell. Additionally, amounts paid by the Fund as premiums and
cash, or other assets held in margin accounts with respect to
derivative transactions, are not otherwise available to the Fund
for investment purposes.
The Fund may write covered call options. As the writer of a
covered call option, the Fund gives up the opportunity during
the options life to profit from increases in the market
value of the security covering the call option above the sum of
the premium and the strike price of the call, but the Fund
retains the risk of loss should the price of the underlying
security decline.
The Fund may also write uncovered call options (i.e.,
where the Fund does not own the underlying security or index) to
a limited extent. Similar to a naked short sale, writing an
uncovered call creates the risk of an unlimited loss, in that
the price of the underlying security could theoretically
increase without limit, thus increasing the cost of buying those
securities to cover the call option if it is exercised before it
expires. There can be no assurance that the securities necessary
to cover the call option will be available for purchase.
Purchasing securities to cover an uncovered call option can
itself cause the price of the securities to rise further,
thereby exacerbating the loss.
The writer of an option has no control over the time when it may
be required to fulfill its obligation as a writer of the option.
Once an option writer has received an exercise notice, it cannot
effect a closing purchase transaction in order to terminate its
obligation under the option and must deliver the underlying
security at the exercise price. There can be no assurance that a
liquid market will exist when the Fund seeks to close out an
option position. If trading were suspended in an option
purchased by the Fund, the Fund would not be able to close out
the option. If the Fund were unable to close out a covered call
option that the Fund had written on a security, the Fund would
not be able to sell the underlying security unless the option
expired without exercise. If the Fund were unable to close out
an uncovered call option that the Fund had written on a
security, the Fund retains the risk of a price increase in the
underlying security until the Fund purchases the security or the
option expires without exercise.
Depending on whether the Fund would be entitled to receive net
payments from the counterparty on a swap or cap, which in turn
would depend on the general state of short-term interest rates
at that point in time, a default by a counterparty could
negatively impact the performance of the Funds common
shares. In addition, at the time an interest rate swap or cap
transaction reaches its scheduled termination date, there is a
risk that the Fund would not be able to obtain a replacement
transaction or that the terms of the replacement would not be as
favorable as on the expiring transaction. If this occurs, it
could have a negative impact on the performance of the
Funds common shares. If the Fund fails to maintain any
required asset coverage ratios in connection with any use by the
Fund of Leverage Instruments, the Fund may be required to redeem
or prepay some or all of the Leverage Instruments. Such
redemption or prepayment would likely result in the Funds
seeking to terminate early all or a portion of any swap or cap
transactions. Early termination of a swap could result in a
termination payment by or to the Fund. Early termination of a
cap could result in a termination payment to the Fund.
65
The Fund intends to segregate liquid assets against or otherwise
cover its future obligations under such swap or cap
transactions, in order to provide that its future commitments
for which the Fund has not segregated liquid assets against or
otherwise covered, together with any outstanding Leverage
Instruments, will not exceed the applicable limits of the 1940
Act. In addition, such transactions and other use of Leverage
Instruments by the Fund will be subject to the asset coverage
requirements of the 1940 Act.
The use of interest rate swaps and caps is a highly specialized
activity that involves investment techniques and risks different
from those associated with ordinary portfolio security
transactions. Depending on market conditions in general, the
Funds use of swaps or caps could enhance or harm the
overall performance of its common shares. For example, the Fund
may use interest rate swaps and caps in connection with any use
by the Fund of Leverage Instruments. To the extent there is a
decline in interest rates, the value of the interest rate swap
or cap could decline, and could result in a decline in the net
asset value of the Funds common shares. In addition, if
short-term interest rates are lower than the Funds fixed
rate of payment on the interest rate swap, the swap will reduce
common shares net earnings. Buying interest rate caps could
decrease the net earnings of the Funds common shares in
the event that the premium paid by the Fund to the counterparty
exceeds the additional amount the Fund would have been required
to pay had the Fund not entered into the cap agreement.
Interest rate swaps and caps do not involve the delivery of
securities or other underlying assets or principal. Accordingly,
the risk of loss with respect to interest rate swaps is limited
to the net amount of interest payments that the Fund is
contractually obligated to make. If the counterparty defaults,
the Fund would not be able to use the anticipated net receipts
under the swap or cap to offset any declines in the value of the
Funds portfolio assets being hedged or the increase in its
cost of financial leverage. Depending on whether the Fund would
be entitled to receive net payments from the counterparty on the
swap or cap, which in turn would depend on the general state of
the market rates at that point in time, such a default could
negatively impact the performance of the Funds common
shares.
The Fund may invest in forward contracts entered into directly
with banks, financial institutions and other dealers acting as
principal. Forward contracts may not be liquid in all
circumstances, so that in volatile markets, the Fund to the
extent it wishes to do so may not be able to close out a
position by taking another position equal and opposite to such
position on a timely basis or without incurring a sizeable loss.
Closing transactions with respect to forward contracts usually
are effected with the counterparty who is a party to the
original forward contract and generally require the consent of
such trader. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be
able to close out its obligations.
There are no limitations on daily price moves in forward
contracts. Banks and other financial institutions with which the
Fund may maintain accounts may require the Fund to deposit
margin with respect to such trading. Banks are not required to
continue to make markets in forward contracts. There have been
periods during which certain banks have refused to quote prices
for such forward contracts or have quoted prices with an
unusually wide spread between the price at which the bank is
prepared to buy and that at which it is prepared to sell.
Trading of forward contracts through banks is not regulated by
any U.S. governmental agency. The Fund will be subject to
the risk of bank failure and the inability of, or refusal by, a
bank to perform with respect to such contracts.
Convertible
Instrument Risk
The Fund may invest in convertible instruments. A convertible
instrument is a bond, debenture, note, preferred stock or other
security that may be converted into or exchanged for a
prescribed amount of common shares of the same or a different
issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price
or formula. Convertible debt instruments have characteristics of
both fixed income and equity investments. Convertible
instruments are subject both to the stock market risk associated
with equity securities and to the credit and interest rate risks
associated with fixed-income securities. As the market price of
the equity security underlying a convertible instrument falls,
the convertible instrument tends to trade on the basis of its
yield and other fixed-income characteristics. As the market
price of such equity security rises, the convertible security
tends to trade on the basis of its equity conversion features.
The Fund may invest in convertible instruments that have varying
conversion values. Convertible instruments are typically issued
at prices that represent a premium to their conversion value.
Accordingly, the value of a convertible instruments increases
(or decreases) as the price of the underlying equity security
increases
66
(or decreases). If a convertible instrument held by the Fund is
called for redemption, the Fund will be required to permit the
issuer to redeem the instrument, or convert it into the
underlying stock, and will hold the stock to the extent the
Investment Adviser determines that such equity investment is
consistent with the investment objective of the Fund.
Short
Sales Risk
Short selling involves selling securities which may or may not
be owned and borrowing the same securities for delivery to the
purchaser, with an obligation to replace the borrowed securities
at a later date. Short selling allows the short seller to profit
from declines in market prices to the extent such declines
exceed the transaction costs and the costs of borrowing the
securities. A naked short sale creates the risk of an unlimited
loss, in that the price of the underlying security could
theoretically increase without limit, thus increasing the cost
of buying those securities to cover the short position. There
can be no assurance that the securities necessary to cover a
short position will be available for purchase. Purchasing
securities to close out the short position can itself cause the
price of the securities to rise further, thereby exacerbating
the loss.
The Funds obligation to replace the borrowed security will
be secured by collateral deposited with the broker-dealer,
usually cash, U.S. government securities or other liquid
securities similar to those borrowed. The Fund also will be
required to segregate similar collateral to the extent, if any,
necessary so that the value of both collateral amounts in the
aggregate is at all times equal to at least 100% of the current
market value of the security sold short. Depending on
arrangements made with the broker-dealer from which the Fund
borrowed the security regarding payment over of any payments
received by the Fund on such security, the Fund may not receive
any payments (including interest) on the Funds collateral
deposited with such broker-dealer.
Inflation
Risk
Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income
from investment will be worth less in the future as inflation
decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real
value of the Funds common shares and dividends can decline.
Debt
Securities Risks
Debt securities are subject to many of the risks described
elsewhere in this section. In addition, they are subject to
credit risk, prepayment risk and, depending on their quality,
other special risks.
Credit Risk. An issuer of a debt security may
be unable to make interest payments and repay principal. The
Fund could lose money if the issuer of a debt obligation is, or
is perceived to be, unable or unwilling to make timely principal
and/or
interest payments, or to otherwise honor its obligations. The
downgrade of a security may further decrease its value.
Below Investment Grade and Unrated Debt Securities
Risk. Below investment grade debt securities in
which the Fund may invest are rated from B3 to Ba1 by
Moodys Investors Service, Inc., from B- to BB+ by Fitch
Ratings or Standard & Poors, or comparably rated
by another rating agency. Below investment grade and unrated
debt securities generally pay a premium above the yields of
U.S. government securities or debt securities of investment
grade issuers because they are subject to greater risks than
these securities. These risks, which reflect their speculative
character, include the following: greater yield and price
volatility; greater credit risk and risk of default; potentially
greater sensitivity to general economic or industry conditions;
potential lack of attractive resale opportunities (illiquidity);
and additional expenses to seek recovery from issuers who
default.
In addition, the prices of these below investment grade and
unrated debt securities are more sensitive to negative
developments, such as a decline in the issuers revenues,
downturns in profitability in the natural resource industry or a
general economic downturn, than are the prices of higher-grade
securities. Below investment grade and unrated debt securities
tend to be less liquid than investment grade securities and the
market for below investment grade and unrated debt securities
could contract further under adverse market or economic
conditions. In such a scenario, it may be more difficult for the
Fund to sell these securities in a timely manner or for as high
a price as could be realized if such securities were more widely
traded. The market value of below investment grade and
67
unrated debt securities may be more volatile than the market
value of investment grade securities and generally tends to
reflect the markets perception of the creditworthiness of
the issuer and short-term market developments to a greater
extent than investment grade securities, which primarily reflect
fluctuations in general levels of interest rates. In the event
of a default by a below investment grade or unrated debt
security held in the Funds portfolio in the payment of
principal or interest, the Fund may incur additional expense to
the extent the Fund is required to seek recovery of such
principal or interest.
For a description of the ratings categories of certain rating
agencies, see Appendix A to this prospectus.
Reinvestment Risk. Certain debt instruments,
particularly below investment grade securities, may contain call
or redemption provisions which would allow the issuer thereof to
prepay principal prior to the debt instruments stated
maturity. This is also sometimes known as prepayment risk.
Prepayment risk is greater during a falling interest rate
environment as issuers can reduce their cost of capital by
refinancing higher yielding debt instruments with lower yielding
debt instruments. An issuer may also elect to refinance its debt
instruments with lower yielding debt instruments if the credit
standing of the issuer improves. To the extent debt securities
in the Funds portfolio are called or redeemed, the Fund
may be forced to reinvest in lower yielding securities.
Terrorism
and Market Disruption Risk
The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 had a
disruptive effect on the U.S. economy and securities
markets. United States military and related action in Iraq and
Afghanistan is ongoing and events in the Middle East could have
significant, continuing adverse effects on the U.S. economy
in general and the natural resource sector in particular. Global
political and economic instability could affect an MLPs or
an Other Natural Resource Companys operations in
unpredictable ways, including through disruptions of natural
resource supplies and markets and the resulting volatility in
commodity prices. The U.S. government has issued warnings
that natural resource assets, specifically pipeline
infrastructure and production, transmission and distribution
facilities, may be future targets of terrorist activities. In
addition, changes in the insurance markets have made certain
types of insurance more difficult, if not impossible, to obtain
and have generally resulted in increased premium costs.
Investment
Management Risk
The Funds portfolio is subject to investment management
risk because it will be actively managed. The Investment Adviser
will apply investment techniques and risk analyses in making
investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no guarantee
that they will produce the desired results.
The decisions with respect to the management of the Fund are
made exclusively by the Investment Adviser, subject to the
oversight of the Board of Trustees. Investors have no right or
power to take part in the management of the Fund. The Investment
Adviser also is responsible for all of the trading and
investment decisions of the Fund. In the event of the withdrawal
or bankruptcy of the Investment Adviser, generally the affairs
of the Fund will be
wound-up and
its assets will be liquidated.
Dependence
on Key Personnel of the Investment Adviser
The Fund is dependent upon the Investment Advisers key
personnel for its future success and upon their access to
certain individuals and investments in the natural resource
industry. In particular, the Fund will depend on the diligence,
skill and network of business contacts of the personnel of the
Investment Adviser and its portfolio managers, who will
evaluate, negotiate, structure, close and monitor the
Funds investments. The portfolio managers do not have
long-term employment contracts with the Investment Adviser,
although they do have equity interests and other financial
incentives to remain with the firm. For a description of the
Investment Adviser, see Management of the Fund
Investment Adviser. The Fund will also depend on the
senior management of the Investment Adviser, including
particularly Jerry V. Swank. The departure of Mr. Swank or
another of the Investment Advisers senior management could
have a material adverse effect on the Funds ability to
achieve its investment objective. In addition, the Fund can
offer no assurance that the Investment Adviser will remain its
investment adviser, or that the Fund will continue to have
access to the Investment Advisers industry contacts and
deal flow.
68
Conflicts
of Interest with the Investment Adviser
Conflicts of interest may arise because the Investment Adviser
and its affiliates generally will be carrying on substantial
investment activities for other clients, including, but not
limited to, the Affiliated Funds, in which the Fund will have no
interest. The Investment Adviser or its affiliates may have
financial incentives to favor certain of such accounts over the
Fund. Any of their proprietary accounts and other customer
accounts may compete with the Fund for specific trades. The
Investment Adviser or its affiliates may buy or sell securities
for the Fund which differ from securities bought or sold for
other accounts and customers, even though their investment
objectives and policies may be similar to the Funds.
Situations may occur when the Fund could be disadvantaged
because of the investment activities conducted by the Investment
Adviser and its affiliates for their other accounts. Such
situations may be based on, among other things, legal or
internal restrictions on the combined size of positions that may
be taken for the Fund and the other accounts, thereby limiting
the size of the Funds position, or the difficulty of
liquidating an investment for the Fund and the other accounts
where the market cannot absorb the sale of the combined
position. Notwithstanding these potential conflicts of interest,
the Funds Board of Trustees and officers have a fiduciary
obligation to act in the Funds best interest.
The Funds investment opportunities may be limited by
affiliations of the Investment Adviser or its affiliates with
MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies. Additionally, to the
extent that the Investment Adviser sources and structures
private investments in MLPs and Other Natural Resource
Companies, certain employees of the Investment Adviser may
become aware of actions planned by MLPs and Other Natural
Resource Companies, such as acquisitions that may not be
announced to the public. It is possible that the Fund could be
precluded from investing in an MLP or an Other Natural Resource
Company about which the Investment Adviser has material
non-public information; however, it is the Investment
Advisers intention to ensure that any material non-public
information available to certain of the Investment
Advisers employees not be shared with those employees
responsible for the purchase and sale of publicly traded MLP or
Other Natural Resource Company securities.
The Investment Adviser manages several Affiliated Funds. Some of
the Affiliated Funds have investment objectives that are similar
to or overlap with the Fund. Further, the Investment Adviser may
at some time in the future manage other investment funds with
the same investment objective as the Fund.
The Investment Adviser and its affiliates generally will be
carrying on substantial investment activities for other clients,
including, but not limited to, the Affiliated Funds, in which
the Fund will have no interest. Investment decisions for the
Fund are made independently from those of such other clients;
however, from time to time, the same investment decision may be
made for more than one fund or account. When two or more clients
advised by the Investment Adviser or its affiliates seek to
purchase or sell the same publicly traded securities, the
securities actually purchased or sold will be allocated among
the clients on a good faith equitable basis by the Investment
Adviser in its discretion in accordance with the clients
various investment objectives and procedures adopted by the
Investment Adviser and approved by the Funds Board of
Trustees. In some cases, this system may adversely affect the
price or size of the position the Fund may obtain.
The Funds investment opportunities may be limited by
investment opportunities in the MLPs and Other Natural Resource
Companies that the Investment Adviser is evaluating for the
Affiliated Funds. To the extent a potential investment is
appropriate for the Fund and one or more of the Affiliated
Funds, the Investment Adviser will need to fairly allocate that
investment to the Fund or an Affiliated Fund, or both, depending
on its allocation procedures and applicable law related to
combined or joint transactions. There may occur an attractive
limited investment opportunity suitable for the Fund in which
the Fund cannot invest under the particular allocation method
being used for that investment.
Under the 1940 Act, the Fund and its Affiliated Funds are
generally precluded from co-investing in private placements of
securities. Except as permitted by law, the Investment Adviser
will not co-invest its other clients assets in private
transactions in which the Fund invests. To the extent the Fund
is precluded from co-investing, the Investment Adviser will
allocate private investment opportunities among its clients,
including but not limited to the Fund and the Affiliated Funds,
based on allocation policies that take into account several
suitability factors, including the size of the investment
opportunity, the amount each client has available for investment
and the clients investment objectives. These allocation
policies may result in the allocation of investment
opportunities to an Affiliated Fund rather than to the Fund.
69
The management fee payable to the Investment Adviser is based on
the value of the Funds Managed Assets, as periodically
determined. A significant percentage of the Funds Managed
Assets may be illiquid securities acquired in private
transactions for which market quotations will not be readily
available. Although the Fund will adopt valuation procedures
designed to determine valuations of illiquid securities in a
manner that reflects their fair value, there typically is a
range of possible prices that may be established for each
individual security. Senior management of the Investment
Adviser, the Funds Board of Trustees and its Valuation
Committee will participate in the valuation of its securities.
See Net Asset Value.
Willkie Farr & Gallagher LLP, counsel to the Fund in
this offering, also represents the Investment Adviser. Such
counsel does not purport to represent the separate interests of
the investors and has assumed no obligation to do so.
Accordingly, the investors have not had the benefit of
independent counsel in the structuring of the Fund or
determination of the relative interests, rights and obligations
of the Funds investment adviser and the investors.
INVESTMENT
RESTRICTIONS
Except as described below, the Fund, as a fundamental policy,
may not, without the approval of the holders of a majority of
the outstanding voting securities of the Fund:
(1) Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a
result of ownership of securities or other instruments, provided
that this restriction does not prevent the Fund from investing
in issuers which invest, deal, or otherwise engage in
transactions in real estate or interests therein, or investing
in securities that are secured by real estate or interests
therein.
(2) Concentrate the Funds investments in a particular
industry, as that term is used in the 1940 Act, and
as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory
authority having jurisdiction from time to time; provided,
however, that this concentration limitation does not apply to
(a) investments in MLPs and Other Natural Resource
Companies (the Fund will concentrate more than 25% of its assets
in MLPs and Other Natural Resource Companies), and
(b) investments in securities issued or guaranteed by the
U.S. Government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities.
(3) Borrow money or issue senior securities, except to the
extent permitted by the 1940 Act, or any rules, exemptions or
interpretations thereunder that may be adopted, granted or
issued by the SEC. See The Funds
Investments Use of Leverage and
Principal Risks of the Fund Leverage
Risk.
(4) Make loans to other persons except (a) through the
lending of the Funds portfolio securities,
(b) through the purchase of debt obligations, loan
participations and/or engaging in direct corporate loans in
accordance with the Funds investment objective and
policies, and (c) to the extent the entry into a repurchase
agreement is deemed to be a loan. The Fund may also make loans
to other investment companies to the extent permitted by the
1940 Act, or any rules, exemptions or interpretations thereunder
that may be adopted, granted or issued by the SEC.
(5) Act as an underwriter except to the extent that, in
connection with the disposition of portfolio securities, the
Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter under applicable
securities laws.
The rest of the Funds investment policies, including its
investment objective described under Investment Objective
and Policies, are considered non-fundamental and may be
changed by the Board of Trustees without the approval of the
holders of a majority of voting securities, provided that common
shareholders receive at least 60 days prior written
notice of any change.
70
MANAGEMENT
OF THE FUND
Board of
Trustees of the Fund
The Board of Trustees of the Fund provides broad oversight over
the operations and affairs of the Fund and protects the
interests of shareholders. The Board of Trustees has overall
responsibility to manage and control the business affairs of the
Fund, including the complete and exclusive authority to
establish policies regarding the management, conduct and
operation of the Funds business. The names and ages of the
Trustees and officers of the Fund, the year each was first
elected or appointed to office, their principal business
occupations during the last five years, the number of funds
overseen by each Trustee and other directorships or trusteeships
they hold are shown below. The business address of the Fund, its
Trustees and officers is 3300 Oak Lawn Avenue, Suite 650,
Dallas, Texas 75219, unless otherwise specified below.
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Number of
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Principal
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Portfolios in
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Term of Office and
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Occupation(s)
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Fund
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Other
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Position
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Length of Time
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During Past
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Complex Overseen
|
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Directorships/
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Name and Age
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with Fund
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Served(1)
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Five Years
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|
by Trustee
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Trusteeships Held
|
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INTERESTED
TRUSTEE/OFFICER
|
Jerry V. Swank (Age 55)*
|
|
Sole Trustee, Chief Executive
Officer, and President
|
|
Trustee since [____], 2007
|
|
Managing Partner of the Investment
Adviser
|
|
|
|
None
|
Mark W. Fordyce, CPA (Age 41)
|
|
Chief Financial Officer, Principal
Accounting Officer, Treasurer and Secretary
|
|
Officer since [____], 2007
|
|
Chief Financial Officer
(CFO) of the Investment Adviser; CFO and Chief
Operating Officer (COO) of Durango Partners, L.P.
(2001-2004); CFO of Caprock Capital Partners, L.P. (2005-2006);
CFO of Hercules Security Investments, L.P. (2006)
|
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|
None
|
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|
|
(1)
|
|
After a Trustees initial
term, each Trustee is expected to serve a three-year term
concurrent with the class of Trustees for which he serves.
Mr. Swank is expected to stand for re-election in
[ ].
|
|
*
|
|
Mr. Swank is an
interested person of the Fund, as defined under the
1940 Act, by virtue of his position as Managing Partner of
the Investment Adviser.
|
As of December 31, 2006, no Trustee held any equity
securities of the Fund. As of December 31, 2006, no Trustee
who is not an interested person, as that term is
defined in the 1940 Act, of the Fund, and his or her immediate
family members, beneficially or of record owned securities in
(1) the Investment Adviser or Morgan Stanley &
Co. Incorporated, or (2) a person (other than a registered
investment company) directly or indirectly controlling,
controlled by, or under common control with the Investment
Adviser or Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated.
Committees
In connection with the Board of Trustees responsibility
for the overall management and supervision of the Funds
affairs, the Trustees meet periodically throughout the year to
oversee the Funds activities, review contractual
arrangements with service providers for the Fund and review the
Funds performance. To fulfill these duties, the Fund will
have committees:
an Audit Committee, a Nominating Committee, a Valuation
Committee .
Trustee
and Officer Indemnification and Limitation of
Liability
[ ]
71
Shareholder
Communications
Shareholders may send communications to the Funds Board of
Trustees. Shareholders should send communications intended for
the Funds Board by addressing the communications directly
to the Board (or individual Board members) and/or otherwise
clearly indicating in the salutation that the communication is
for the Board (or individual Board members) and by sending the
communication to either the Funds office or directly to
such Board member(s) at the address specified for each Trustee
previously noted. Other shareholder communications received by
the Fund not directly addressed and sent to the Board will be
reviewed and generally responded to by management, and will be
forwarded to the Board only at managements discretion
based on the matters contained therein.
Compensation
of Trustees
The fees and expenses of the Trustees who are not
interested persons, as that term is defined in the
1940 Act, of the Investment Adviser (including its
affiliates) or the Fund (Independent Trustees) are
paid by the Fund. The Trustees who are affiliated persons of the
Investment Adviser receive no compensation from the Fund. It is
estimated that the Independent Trustees will receive from the
Fund the amounts set forth below for the Funds fiscal year
ending November 30, 2007, assuming the Fund will have been
in existence for the remainder of its fiscal year.
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Compensation
|
|
|
|
Aggregate
|
|
|
from the Fund
|
|
|
|
Compensation
|
|
|
and Fund
|
|
Name of Trustee
|
|
from the Fund
|
|
|
Complex(1)
|
|
|
Trustee
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
|
|
Represents the estimated total
compensation to be earned by that person during the calendar
year ending December 31, 2007 from the registered
investment companies advised by the Investment Adviser or the
Administrator.
|
The Funds investments will be managed by its Investment
Adviser, Swank Energy Income Advisors, LP. The Investment
Adviser is also investment adviser to the Affiliated Funds,
which invest primarily in securities of MLPs and Other Natural
Resource Companies and global commodities. Since 2003, the
Investment Adviser has managed the Affiliated Funds with a focus
on achieving a high after-tax total return from a combination of
capital appreciation and tax-advantaged current income (as
opposed to relative performance against a benchmark index). The
Investment Adviser seeks to identify and exploit investment
niches it believes are generally less understood and less
followed by the broader investor community.
As of May 1, 2007, the Investment Adviser managed
approximately $2 billion in assets on behalf of
institutional and private investors around the world.
The Investment Adviser is indirectly controlled by Jerry V.
Swank.
Key
Personnel of Investment Advisor
The following are key personnel of the Investment Adviser:
Jerry V. Swank. Mr. Swank, together with
Mr. Watson, is a portfolio manager of the Fund.
Mr. Swank formed Swank Capital, LLC in 2000 to provide
proprietary energy research to a select group of institutional
investors, emphasizing in-depth independent research. Prior to
forming Swank Capital, LLC, Mr. Swank spent five years with
John S. Herold, Inc. (Herold). Herold is an
independent oil & gas research and consulting company.
He joined Herold in 1995 and served as Managing Director heading
up its sales and new product development team until May 1998,
when he assumed the position of President. During this period,
Mr. Swank developed an in-depth knowledge of the worldwide
energy industry, sector profitability, global growth prospects
and supply/demand dynamics. Prior to joining Herold,
Mr. Swank spent 14 years with Credit Suisse First
Boston Corporation in Institutional Equity and Fixed Income
Sales in its Dallas office from 1980 to 1995. From 1985 to 1995
he was a Credit Suisse First Boston
72
Corporation Director and Southwestern Regional Sales Manager.
Prior to Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation, Mr. Swank
worked from 1976 to 1980 on the buy side as an analyst and
portfolio manager with Mercantile Texas Corp. Mr. Swank
received a B.A. from the University of Missouri (Economics) in
1973 and an M.B.A. from the University of North Texas in 1978.
Mr. Swank has served on the Board of Directors of John S.
Herold, Inc., Matador Petroleum Corporation and Advantage
Acceptance, Inc. and currently serves on the board of directors
of The Cushing Fund (Offshore), Ltd. and The Dalrymple Global
Resources Offshore Fund, Ltd.
Mark W. Fordyce. In addition to his function
as CFO and COO of the Investment Adviser, Mr. Fordyce is
spearheading the efforts in fund formation, accounting and other
operational areas for several new offerings at the Investment
Adviser. Mr. Fordyce is also contributing in the oversight
of risk management in the portfolio and trading areas. Prior to
joining the Investment Adviser, Mr. Fordyce was involved,
over the past six years, with the launch and operation of four
hedge fund structures serving in CFO and COO roles.
Mr. Fordyce is a CPA and has 12 years of public
accounting experience with PricewaterhouseCoopers and KPMG.
Mr. Fordyce received his Bachelors of Accountancy degree
from New Mexico State University.
Daniel L. Spears. Prior to joining the
Investment Adviser in 2006, Mr. Spears was an investment
banker with Banc of America Securities, LLC within the Natural
Resources Group from 1998 to 2006. Mr. Spears was an
investment banker with Salomon Smith Barney, Inc. in the Global
Energy and Power Group from 1995 to 1998. Mr. Spears has
over 12 years experience providing financial and strategic
advice to public and private companies in all sectors of the
natural resources industry. Mr. Spears is a director of
Quest Midstream Partners, L.P.
Mr. Spears received his B.S. in Economics from the Wharton
School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1995.
Brian D. Watson, CFA. Mr. Watson,
together with Mr. Swank, is a portfolio manager of the
Fund. Prior to joining the Investment Adviser in 2005,
Mr. Watson was a senior research associate with RBC Capital
Markets covering the Diversified Energy and MLP sectors from
2002 to 2005. Mr. Watson has over 10 years of
experience in the investment business including over four years
of corporate finance experience with Prudential Capital Group
and Stephens Inc.
Mr. Watson received his BBA from The University of Texas at
Austin and his MBA from The McCombs School of Business at The
University of Texas at Austin. In 2000, Mr. Watson earned
the right to use the CFA designation.
G. Paul Ferguson. Prior to joining the
Investment Adviser in 2002, Mr. Ferguson was an equity
research analyst in the energy group at Frost Securities, Inc.
from 2001 to 2002. Mr. Fergusons focus at Frost
Securities, Inc. was on the midstream energy services sector.
Mr. Ferguson also has ten years of experience in various
sectors of the energy industry. Mr. Fergusons served
as product manager of energy risk management from 1999 to 2001
with Allegro Development. His industry experience also includes
serving from 1996 to 1999 as an operations engineer with Koch
Gateway Pipeline Company and Delhi Gas Pipeline Corporation, and
from 1991 to 1995 as a petroleum engineer with Kerr-McGee
Corporation.
Mr. Ferguson received his B.S. in Mechanical Engineering
from the University of Oklahoma in 1991 and an M.B.A in Finance
from Southern Methodist University in 2001. Mr. Ferguson
obtained his NASD Series 7 and 63 securities licenses, and
is also a registered professional engineer in mechanical
engineering.
Mr. Ferguson currently serves on the board of directors of
Royalty Income Fund of North America (Offshore), Ltd., The
Cushing Fund (Offshore), Ltd. and The Dalrymple Global Resources
Offshore Fund, Ltd.
Kevin P. Gallagher, CFA. Mr. Gallagher
joined the Investment Adviser in 2006. For the five years prior
to that, Mr. Gallagher was a senior research associate with
RBC Capital Markets covering the Diversified Energy and MLP
sectors from 2000 to 2006. Mr. Gallaghers career in
the investment business also includes 4 years at GMAC-RFC,
where he helped manage a portfolio of cash and investments.
Mr. Gallagher earned a BS in Economics with Finance, a
minor in Philosophy, and an MBA from Southern Methodist
University. In 2004, he received his Chartered Financial Analyst
(CFA) designation.
73
John W. Cutler. Prior to joining the
Investment Adviser in 2005, Mr. Cutler has had over
30 years of experience in the investment management and
securities industries. As an institutional fixed income
specialist, Mr. Cutler dealt not only in traditional
products but also collateralized mortgage obligations, asset
backed securities, restructured RTC products, high yield debt,
private placements and derivative instruments. From 2001 to
2005, he served as Managing General Partner of PAR Associates,
Inc., an investment partnership formed in 1988. From 1998 to
1999, Mr. Cutler was Vice President in the research group
of John S. Herold, Inc. He owned and managed the Pot Luck Casino
from 2000 to 2003 in Fernley, NV. He served as a Vice President
in the Capital Markets Group of Credit Suisse First Boston
Corporation from 1989 to 1994. From 1983 to 1989, he was
Regional Manager in the Fixed Income Division of Dean Witter
Reynolds. Mr. Cutler started his career as a portfolio
manager with U.S. Trust & Co. of New York in 1974.
Mr. Cutler received a BS in Finance from the University of
Virginia- McIntire School of Commerce in 1974. He also pursued
further studies at The New York Institute of Finance and The New
School, NYC.
Investment
Management Agreement
The Investment Adviser will act as the investment adviser to the
Fund pursuant to an investment management agreement (the
Investment Management Agreement). Pursuant to the
Investment Management Agreement, the Fund has agreed to pay the
Investment Adviser a fee, payable monthly in arrears, at an
annual rate equal to
[ ]%
of the average [weekly] value of the Funds Managed Assets
during such month (the Management Fee) for the
services and facilities provided by the Investment Adviser to
the Fund. The management fees are payable for each month. During
the first and second years of the Funds investment
activities (from
[ ],
2007 until
[ ],
2008 and from
[ ],
2008 until
[ ],
2009), the Investment Adviser has contractually agreed to waive
or reimburse the Fund for fees and expenses in an amount equal
on an annual basis to
[ ]% and
[ ]%, respectively, of
the Funds average weekly total assets.
Because the Management Fee are based upon a percentage of the
Funds Managed Assets, the Management Fee will be higher if
the Fund employs leverage. Therefore, the Investment Adviser
will have a financial incentive to use leverage, which may
create a conflict of interest between the Investment Adviser and
the Funds common shareholders.
In addition to the Management Fee, the Fund pays all other costs
and expenses of its operations, including the compensation of
its Trustees (other than those affiliated with the Investment
Adviser), custodian, transfer and dividend disbursing agent
expenses, legal fees, leverage expenses (if any), rating agency
fees (if any), listing fees and expenses, expenses of
independent auditors, expenses of repurchasing shares, expenses
of preparing, printing and distributing shareholder reports,
notices, proxy statements and reports to governmental agencies,
and taxes, if any.
A discussion regarding the basis for approval by the Funds
Board of Trustees of its Investment Management Agreement with
the Investment Adviser will be available in the Funds
annual report to shareholders for the period ended
November 30, 2007.
The Investment Management Agreement will continue in effect from
year to year after its initial two-year term so long as its
continuation is approved at least annually by the Trustees
including a majority of Independent Trustees or the vote of a
majority of its outstanding voting securities. Investment
Management Agreement may be terminated at any time without the
payment of any penalty upon 60 days written notice by
either party, or by action of the Board of Trustees or by a
majority vote of the Funds outstanding voting securities
(as defined under the 1940 Act) (accompanied by appropriate
notice), and will terminate automatically upon assignment. The
Investment Management Agreement may also be terminated, at any
time, without payment of any penalty, by the Board of Trustees
or by vote of a majority of outstanding voting securities, in
the event that it shall have been established by a court of
competent jurisdiction that the Investment Adviser or any
officer or Trustee of the Investment Adviser has taken any
action which results in a breach of the covenants of the
Investment Adviser set forth in the Investment Management
Agreement. The Investment Management Agreement will provide that
the Investment Adviser shall not be liable for any loss
sustained by reason of the purchase, sale or retention of any
security, whether or not such purchase, sale or retention shall
have been based upon the investigation and research made by any
other individual, firm or corporation, if such recommendation
shall have been selected with due care and in good faith, except
loss resulting
74
from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the
part of the Investment Adviser in performance of its obligations
and duties, or by reason of its reckless disregard of its
obligations and duties under the Investment Management Agreement.
Although the Investment Adviser intends to devote such time and
effort to the business of the Fund as is reasonably necessary to
perform its duties to the Fund, the services of the Investment
Adviser are not exclusive, and the Investment Adviser provides
similar services to other clients and may engage in other
activities.
Portfolio
Managers
The following section discusses the accounts managed by the
Funds portfolio managers, the structure and method of
their compensation, and their ownership of the Funds
securities. This information is current as of
[ ],
2007.
Other Accounts Managed by Portfolio
Managers. The following table reflects
information regarding accounts for which the portfolio managers
have
day-to-day
management responsibilities (other than the Fund). Accounts are
grouped into three categories: (a) registered investment
companies, (b) other pooled investment accounts, and
(c) other accounts. To the extent that any of these
accounts pay advisory fees that are based on account
performance, this information will be reflected in a separate
table below. Information is shown as of
[ ],
2007. Asset amounts are approximate and have been rounded.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registered Investment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Companies (excluding
|
|
|
Other Pooled
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
the Fund)
|
|
|
Investment Vehicles
|
|
|
Other Accounts
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
Number
|
|
|
Assets in
|
|
|
Number
|
|
|
Assets in
|
|
|
Number
|
|
|
Assets in
|
|
Portfolio
|
|
of
|
|
|
the
|
|
|
of
|
|
|
the
|
|
|
of
|
|
|
the
|
|
Manager
|
|
Accounts
|
|
|
Accounts
|
|
|
Accounts
|
|
|
Accounts
|
|
|
Accounts
|
|
|
Accounts
|
|
|
Jerry V. Swank
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brian D. Watson
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other Accounts That Pay Performance-Based Advisory Fees
Managed by Portfolio Managers. The following
table reflects information regarding accounts for which the
portfolio managers have
day-to-day
management responsibilities (other than the Fund) and with
respect to which the advisory fee is based on account
performance. Information is shown as of
[ ],
2007. Asset amounts are approximate and have been rounded.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Registered Investment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Companies (excluding
|
|
|
Other Pooled
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
the Fund)
|
|
|
Investment Vehicles
|
|
|
Other Accounts
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
Number
|
|
|
Assets in
|
|
|
Number
|
|
|
Assets in
|
|
|
Number
|
|
|
Assets in
|
|
Portfolio
|
|
of
|
|
|
the
|
|
|
of
|
|
|
the
|
|
|
of
|
|
|
the
|
|
Manager
|
|
Accounts
|
|
|
Accounts
|
|
|
Accounts
|
|
|
Accounts
|
|
|
Accounts
|
|
|
Accounts
|
|
|
Jerry V. Swank
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Brian D. Watson
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Messrs. Swank and Watson are compensated by the Investment
Adviser. Mr. Swank is compensated through partnership
distributions based on the amount of assets the Investment
Adviser manages and upon the performance of those assets.
Mr. Watson is compensated through salary and bonus
contingent upon the amount of assets the Investment Adviser
manages. Some of the other accounts managed by
Messrs. Swank and Watson, including the Affiliated Funds,
have investment strategies that are similar to the Funds
investment strategy. However, the Investment Adviser manages
potential material conflicts of interest by allocating
investment opportunities in accordance with its allocation
policies and procedures. Due to the fact that the Fund is newly
organized, no portfolio manager beneficially owns any securities
issued by the Fund; however, through his limited partnership
interests in
75
the Investment Adviser, which owned all of the Funds
outstanding securities (with a value of approximately $100,000)
prior to this offering, Mr. Swank could be deemed to
indirectly own a portion of the Funds securities.
Administrator
[ ] will provide the Fund with administrative,
[ ] and [ ] services.
PORTFOLIO
TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
Subject to the oversight of the Board of Trustees, the
Investment Adviser is responsible for decisions to buy and sell
securities for the Fund, the negotiation of the commissions to
be paid on brokerage transactions, the prices for principal
trades in securities, and the allocation of portfolio brokerage
and principal business. It is the policy of the Investment
Adviser to seek the best execution at the best security price
available with respect to each transaction in light of the
overall quality of brokerage and research services provided to
the Investment Adviser. In selecting broker/dealers and in
negotiating commissions, the Investment Adviser will consider,
among other things, the firms reliability, the quality of
its execution services on a continuing basis and its financial
condition.
Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, permits an investment adviser, under certain
circumstances, to cause an account to pay a broker or dealer who
supplies brokerage and research services a commission for
effecting a transaction in excess of the amount of commission
another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting the
transaction. Brokerage and research services include
(a) furnishing advice as to the value of securities, the
advisability of investing, purchasing or selling securities, and
the availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of
securities; (b) furnishing analyses and reports concerning
issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and trends,
portfolio strategy, and the performance of accounts; and
(c) effecting securities transactions and performing
functions incidental thereto (such as clearance, settlement, and
custody).
In light of the above, in selecting brokers, the Investment
Adviser may consider investment and market information and other
research, such as economic, securities and performance
measurement research, provided by such brokers, and the quality
and reliability of brokerage services, including execution
capability, performance, and financial responsibility.
Accordingly, the commissions charged by any such broker may be
greater than the amount another firm might charge if the
Investment Adviser determines in good faith that the amount of
such commissions is reasonable in relation to the value of the
research information and brokerage services provided by such
broker to the Investment Adviser or to the Fund. The Investment
Adviser believes that the research information received in this
manner provides the Fund with benefits by supplementing the
research otherwise available to the Investment Adviser.
The Investment Adviser seeks to allocate portfolio transactions
equitably whenever concurrent decisions are made to purchase or
sell securities on behalf of the Fund and another advisory
account. In some cases, this procedure could have an adverse
effect on the price or the amount of securities available to the
Fund. In making such allocations between the Fund and other
advisory accounts, the main factors considered by the Investment
Adviser are the investment objective, the relative size of
portfolio holding of the same or comparable securities, the
availability of cash for investment and the size of investment
commitments generally held, and the opinions of the persons
responsible for recommending investments to the Fund and such
other accounts and funds.
NET ASSET
VALUE
The Fund will determine the net asset value of its common shares
as of the close of regular session trading on the New York Stock
Exchange (normally 4:00 p.m. eastern time) no less
frequently than weekly on Friday of each week. The Fund
calculates net asset value per common share by subtracting
liabilities (including accrued expenses or dividends) from the
total assets of the Fund (the value of the securities plus cash
or other assets, including interest accrued but not yet
received) and dividing the result by the total number of
outstanding common shares of the Fund. The Fund will rely to
some extent on information provided by the MLPs, which is not
necessarily timely, to estimate taxable income allocable to the
MLP units held in the Funds portfolio and to estimate the
associated deferred tax liability. From time to time the Fund
will modify its estimates and/or assumptions regarding its
deferred tax liability
76
as new information becomes available. To the extent the Fund
modifies its estimates and/or assumptions, the net asset value
of the Fund would likely fluctuate.
Valuations
The Fund will use the following valuation methods to determine
either current market value for investments for which market
quotations are available, or if not available, the fair value,
as determined in good faith pursuant to policies and procedures
approved by the Board of Trustees:
(i) The market value of each security listed or traded on
any recognized securities exchange or automated quotation system
will be the last reported sale price at the relevant valuation
date on the composite tape or on the principal exchange on which
such security is traded. If no sale is reported on that date,
the Investment Adviser utilizes, when available, pricing
quotations from principal market makers. Such quotations may be
obtained from third-party pricing services or directly from
investment brokers and dealers in the secondary market.
Generally, the Funds loan and bond positions are not
traded on exchanges and consequently are valued based on market
prices received from third-party pricing services or
broker-dealer sources.
(ii) Dividends declared but not yet received, and rights in
respect of securities which are quoted ex-dividend or ex-rights,
will be recorded at the fair value thereof, as determined by the
Investment Adviser, which may (but need not) be the value so
determined on the day such securities are first quoted
ex-dividend or ex-rights.
(iii) Listed options, or
over-the-counter
options for which representative brokers quotations are
available, will be valued in the same manner as listed or
over-the-counter
securities as hereinabove provided. Premiums for the sale of
such options written by the Fund will be included in the assets
of the Fund, and the market value of such options shall be
included as a liability.
(iv) The Funds non-marketable investments will
generally be valued in such manner as the Investment Adviser
determines in good faith to reflect their fair values under
procedures established by, and under the general supervision and
responsibility of, the Board of Trustees. The pricing of all
assets that are fair valued in this manner will be subsequently
reported to and ratified by the Board of Trustees.
When determining the fair value of an asset, the Investment
Adviser will seek to determine the price that the Fund might
reasonably expect to receive from the current sale of that asset
in an arms length transaction. Fair value determinations
shall be based upon all available factors that the Investment
Adviser deems relevant.
DISTRIBUTIONS
Commencing with the Funds initial distribution, the Fund
intends to make regular quarterly cash distributions of all or a
portion of its income to its common shareholders. The Fund
expects to declare the initial quarterly dividend on the
Funds common shares within approximately 120 days
after the completion of this offering and to pay its initial
distribution on or
about ,
2007. The Fund may pay capital gain distributions annually, if
available.
The Fund anticipates that, due to the tax characterization of
cash distributions made by MLPs, a significant portion of the
Funds distributions to common shareholders will consist of
tax-advantaged return of capital for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. To permit it to maintain a more stable quarterly
distribution rate, the Fund may distribute less or more than the
entire amount of cash it receives from its investments in a
particular period. Any undistributed cash would be available to
supplement future distributions, and until distributed would add
to the Funds net asset value. Correspondingly, such
amounts, once distributed, will be deducted from the Funds
net asset value. Shareholders will automatically have all
distributions reinvested in common shares issued by the Fund or
common shares of the Fund purchased on the open market in
accordance with the Funds dividend reinvestment plan
unless an election is made to receive cash. Common shareholders
who receive dividends in the form of additional common shares
will be subject to the same U.S. federal, state and local tax
consequences as common shareholders who elect to receive their
dividends in cash. See Dividend Reinvestment Plan.
77
DIVIDEND
REINVESTMENT PLAN
Unless the registered owner of common shares elects to receive
cash by contacting the Plan Agent, all dividends declared for
your common shares of the Fund will be automatically reinvested
by
[ ]
(the Plan Agent), agent for shareholders in
administering the Funds Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the
Plan), in additional common shares of the Fund. If a
registered owner of common shares elects not to participate in
the Plan, you will receive all dividends in cash paid by check
mailed directly to you (or, if the shares are held in street or
other nominee name, then to such nominee) by
[ ],
as dividend disbursing agent. You may elect not to participate
in the Plan and to receive all dividends in cash by sending
written instructions or by contacting
[ ],
as dividend disbursing agent, at the address set forth below.
Participation in the Plan is completely voluntary and may be
terminated or resumed at any time without penalty by contacting
the Plan Agent before the dividend record date; otherwise such
termination or resumption will be effective with respect to any
subsequently declared dividend or other distribution. Some
brokers may automatically elect to receive cash on your behalf
and may reinvest that cash in additional common shares of the
Fund for you.
The Plan Agent will open an account for each common shareholder
under the Plan in the same name in which such common
shareholders common shares are registered. Whenever the
Fund declares a dividend or other distribution (for purposes of
this section, together, a dividend) payable in cash,
non-participants in the Plan will receive cash and participants
in the Plan will receive the equivalent in common shares. The
common shares will be acquired by the Plan Agent for the
participants accounts, depending upon the circumstances
described below, either (i) through receipt of additional
unissued but authorized common shares from the Fund (newly
issued common shares) or (ii) by purchase of
outstanding common shares on the open market (open-market
purchases) on the New York Stock Exchange or elsewhere.
If, on the payment date for any dividend, the market price per
common share plus estimated brokerage commissions is greater
than the net asset value per common share (such condition being
referred to herein as market premium), the Plan
Agent will invest the dividend amount in newly issued common
shares, including fractions, on behalf of the participants. The
number of newly issued common shares to be credited to each
participants account will be determined by dividing the
dollar amount of the dividend by the net asset value per common
share on the payment date; provided that, if the net asset value
per common share is less than 95% of the market price per common
share on the payment date, the dollar amount of the dividend
will be divided by 95% of the market price per common share on
the payment date.
If, on the payment date for any dividend, the net asset value
per common share is greater than the market value per common
share plus estimated brokerage commissions (such condition being
referred to herein as market discount), the Plan
Agent will invest the dividend amount in common shares acquired
on behalf of the participants in open-market purchases.
In the event of a market discount on the payment date for any
dividend, the Plan Agent will have until the last business day
before the next date on which the common shares trade on an
ex-dividend basis or 120 days after the payment
date for such dividend, whichever is sooner (the last
purchase date), to invest the dividend amount in common
shares acquired in open-market purchases. It is contemplated
that the Fund will pay quarterly dividends. Therefore, the
period during which open-market purchases can be made will exist
only from the payment date of each dividend through the date
before the ex-dividend date of the third month of
the quarter. If, before the Plan Agent has completed its
open-market purchases, the market price of a common share
exceeds the net asset value per common share, the average per
common share purchase price paid by the Plan Agent may exceed
the net asset value of the common shares, resulting in the
acquisition of fewer common shares than if the dividend had been
paid in newly issued common shares on the dividend payment date.
Because of the foregoing difficulty with respect to open market
purchases, if the Plan Agent is unable to invest the full
dividend amount in open market purchases during the purchase
period or if the market discount shifts to a market premium
during the purchase period, the Plan Agent may cease making
open-market purchases and may invest the uninvested portion of
the dividend amount in newly issued common shares at the net
asset value per common share at the close of business on the
last purchase date; provided that, if the net asset value per
common share is less than 95% of the market price per common
share on the payment date, the dollar amount of the dividend
will be divided by 95% of the market price per common share on
the payment date.
78
The Plan Agent maintains all shareholders accounts in the
Plan and furnishes written confirmation of all transactions in
the accounts, including information needed by shareholders for
tax records. Common shares in the account of each Plan
participant will be held by the Plan Agent on behalf of the Plan
participant, and each shareholder proxy will include those
shares purchased or received pursuant to the Plan. The Plan
Agent will forward all proxy solicitation materials to
participants and vote proxies for shares held under the Plan in
accordance with the instructions of the participants.
In the case of shareholders such as banks, brokers or nominees
which hold shares for others who are the beneficial owners, the
Plan Agent will administer the Plan on the basis of the number
of common shares certified from time to time by the record
shareholders name and held for the account of beneficial
owners who participate in the Plan.
There will be no brokerage charges with respect to common shares
issued directly by the Fund. However, each participant will pay
a pro rata share of brokerage commissions incurred in connection
with open-market purchases. The automatic reinvestment of
dividends will not relieve participants of any federal, state or
local income tax that may be payable (or required to be
withheld) on such dividends. Accordingly, any taxable dividend
received by a participant that is reinvested in additional
common shares will be subject to federal (and possibly state and
local) income tax even though such participant will not receive
a corresponding amount of cash with which to pay such taxes. See
Tax Matters. Participants who request a sale of
shares through the Plan Agent are subject to a
$ sales fee and pay a brokerage
commission of $ per share sold.
The Fund reserves the right to amend or terminate the Plan.
There is no direct service charge to participants in the Plan;
however, the Fund reserves the right to amend the Plan to
include a service charge payable by the participants.
You may contact the Plan Agent for more information about the
plan at
[ ].
DESCRIPTION
OF SHARES
Common
Shares
The Fund is a statutory trust organized under the laws of
Delaware pursuant to a Declaration of Trust dated as of
May 23, 2007. The Fund is authorized to issue an unlimited
number of common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.001
per share. Each common share has one vote and, when issued and
paid for in accordance with the terms of this offering, will be
fully paid and non-assessable, except that the Board of Trustees
shall have the power to cause shareholders to pay expenses of
the Fund by setting off charges due from shareholders from
declared but unpaid distributions owed the shareholders and/or
by reducing the number of common shares owned by each respective
shareholder. The Fund currently is not aware of any expenses
that will be paid pursuant to this provision, except to the
extent fees payable under its Dividend Reinvestment Plan are
deemed to be paid pursuant to this provision.
The Fund intends to hold annual meetings of shareholders so long
as the common shares are listed on a national securities
exchange and such meetings are required as a condition to such
listing. All common shares are equal as to distributions, assets
and voting privileges and have no conversion, preemptive or
other subscription rights. The Fund will send annual and
semi-annual reports, including financial statements, to all
holders of its shares.
The Fund has no present intention of offering any additional
shares and common shares issued under the Funds Dividend
Reinvestment Plan. Any additional offerings of shares will
require approval by the Board of Trustees. Any additional
offering of common shares will be subject to the requirements of
the 1940 Act, which provides that shares may not be issued at a
price below the then current net asset value, exclusive of sales
load, except in connection with an offering to existing holders
of common shares or with the consent of a majority of the
Funds outstanding voting securities.
The Funds common shares are expected to be listed on the
New York Stock Exchange under the symbol
[ ].
Net asset value will be reduced immediately following the
offering of common shares by the amount of the sales load and
offering costs paid by the Fund. See Summary of
Fund Expenses.
79
Unlike open-end funds, closed-end funds like the Fund do not
continuously offer shares and do not provide daily redemptions.
Rather, if a shareholder determines to buy additional common
shares or sell shares already held, the shareholder may do so by
trading through a broker on the New York Stock Exchange or
otherwise. Shares of closed-end funds frequently trade on an
exchange at prices lower than net asset value. Because the
market value of the common shares may be influenced by such
factors as distribution levels (which are in turn affected by
expenses), distribution stability, net asset value, relative
demand for and supply of such shares in the market, general
market and economic conditions and other factors beyond the
control of the Fund, the Fund cannot assure you that common
shares will trade at a price equal to or higher than net asset
value in the future. The common shares are designed primarily
for long-term investors and you should not purchase the common
shares if you intend to sell them soon after purchase.
Preferred
Shares
The Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides that the Board
of Trustees may authorize and issue Preferred Shares with rights
as determined by the Board of Trustees, by action of the Board
of Trustees without the approval of the holders of the common
shares. Holders of common shares have no preemptive right to
purchase any Preferred Shares that might be issued. Whenever
Preferred Shares are outstanding, the holders of common shares
will not be entitled to receive any distributions from the Fund
unless all accrued distributions on Preferred Shares have been
paid, unless asset coverage (as defined in the 1940 Act) with
respect to Preferred Shares would be at least 200% after giving
effect to the distributions and unless certain other
requirements imposed by any rating agencies rating the Preferred
Shares have been met.
Liquidation Preference. In the event of any
voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up
of the Fund, the holders of Preferred Shares will be entitled to
receive a preferential liquidating distribution, which is
expected to equal the original purchase price per Preferred
Share plus accrued and unpaid distributions, whether or not
declared, before any distribution of assets is made to holders
of common shares. After payment of the full amount of the
liquidating distribution to which they are entitled, the holders
of Preferred Shares will not be entitled to any further
participation in any distribution of assets by the Fund.
Voting Rights. The 1940 Act requires that the
holders of any Preferred Shares, voting separately as a single
class, have the right to elect at least two trustees at all
times. The remaining trustees will be elected by holders of
common shares and Preferred Shares, voting together as a single
class. In addition, subject to the prior rights, if any, of the
holders of any other class of senior securities outstanding, the
holders of any Preferred Shares have the right to elect a
majority of the trustees of the Fund at any time two years of
distributions on any Preferred Shares are unpaid. The 1940 Act
also requires that, in addition to any approval by shareholders
that might otherwise be required, the approval of the holders of
a majority of any outstanding Preferred Shares, voting
separately as a class, would be required to (i) adopt any
plan of reorganization that would adversely affect the Preferred
Shares, and (ii) take any action requiring a vote of
security holders under Section 13(a) of the 1940 Act,
including, among other things, changes in the Funds
subclassification as a closed-end fund or changes in its
fundamental investment restrictions. As a result of these voting
rights, the Funds ability to take any such actions may be
impeded to the extent that there are any Preferred Shares
outstanding. The Board of Trustees presently intends that,
except as otherwise indicated in this prospectus and except as
otherwise required by applicable law, holders of Preferred
Shares will have equal voting rights with holders of common
shares (one vote per share, unless otherwise required by the
1940 Act) and will vote together with holders of common shares
as a single class.
The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the
outstanding Preferred Shares, voting as a separate class, will
be required to amend, alter or repeal any of the preferences,
rights or powers of holders of Preferred Shares so as to affect
materially and adversely such preferences, rights or powers, or
to increase or decrease the authorized number of Preferred
Shares. The class vote of holders of Preferred Shares described
above will in each case be in addition to any other vote
required to authorize the action in question.
Redemption, Purchase and Sale of Preferred Shares by the
Fund. The terms of the Preferred Shares are
expected to provide that (i) they are redeemable by the
Fund in whole or in part at the original purchase price per
share plus accrued distributions per share, (ii) the Fund
may tender for or purchase Preferred Shares and (iii) the
Fund may subsequently resell any shares so tendered for or
purchased. Any redemption or purchase of Preferred
80
Shares by the Fund will reduce the leverage applicable to the
common shares, while any resale of shares by the Fund will
increase that leverage.
The discussion above describes the possible offering of
Preferred Shares by the Fund. If the Board of
Trustees determines to proceed with such an offering, the terms
of the Preferred Shares may be the same as, or different from,
the terms described above, subject to applicable law and the
Agreement and Declaration of Trust. The Board of Trustees,
without the approval of the holders of common shares, may
authorize an offering of Preferred Shares or may determine not
to authorize such an offering and may fix the terms of the
Preferred Shares to be offered.
Other
Shares
The Board of Trustees (subject to applicable law and the
Agreement and Declaration of Trust) may authorize an offering,
without the approval of the holders of either common shares or
Preferred Shares, of other classes of shares, or other classes
or series of shares, as they determine to be necessary,
desirable or appropriate, having such terms, rights,
preferences, privileges, limitations and restrictions as the
Board of Trustees see fit. The Fund currently does not expect to
issue any other classes of shares, or series of shares, except
for the common shares.
ANTI-TAKEOVER
PROVISIONS IN THE AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST
[The Agreement and Declaration of Trust includes provisions that
could have the effect of limiting the ability of other entities
or persons to acquire control of the Fund or to change the
composition of its Board of Trustees. This could have the effect
of depriving shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares
at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging a
third party from seeking to obtain control over the Fund. Such
attempts could have the effect of increasing the expenses of the
Fund and disrupting the normal operation of the Fund. The Board
of Trustees is divided into three classes, with the terms of one
class expiring at each annual meeting of shareholders. At each
annual meeting, one class of Trustees is elected to a three-year
term. This provision could delay for up to two years the
replacement of a majority of the Board of Trustees. A Trustee
may be removed from office (for cause, and not without cause) by
the action of a majority of the remaining Trustees followed by a
vote of the holders of at least 75% of the shares then entitled
to vote for the election of the respective Trustee.
In addition, the Agreement and Declaration of Trust requires the
favorable vote of a majority of the Funds Board of
Trustees followed by the favorable vote of the holders of at
least 75% of the outstanding shares of each affected class or
series of the Fund, voting separately as a class or series, to
approve, adopt or authorize certain transactions with 5% or
greater holders of a class or series of shares and their
associates, unless the transaction has been approved by at least
80% of the Trustees, in which case a majority of the
outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act)
of the Fund shall be required. For purposes of these provisions,
a 5% or greater holder of a class or series of shares (a
Principal Shareholder) refers to any person who,
whether directly or indirectly and whether alone or together
with its affiliates and associates, beneficially owns 5% or more
of the outstanding shares of all outstanding classes or series
of shares of beneficial interest of the Fund.
The 5% holder transactions subject to these special approval
requirements are: the merger or consolidation of the Fund or any
subsidiary of the Fund with or into any Principal Shareholder;
the issuance of any securities of the Fund to any Principal
Shareholder for cash, except pursuant to any automatic
distribution reinvestment plan; the sale, lease or exchange of
all or any substantial part of the assets of the Fund to any
Principal Shareholder, except assets having an aggregate fair
market value of less than 2% of the total assets of the Fund,
aggregating for the purpose of such computation all assets sold,
leased or exchanged in any series of similar transactions within
a twelve-month period; or the sale, lease or exchange to the
Fund or any subsidiary of the Fund, in exchange for securities
of the Fund, of any assets of any Principal Shareholder, except
assets having an aggregate fair market value of less than 2% of
the total assets of the Fund, aggregating for purposes of such
computation all assets sold, leased or exchanged in any series
of similar transactions within a twelve-month period.
To convert the Fund to an open-end investment company, the
Agreement and Declaration of Trust requires the favorable vote
of a majority of the board of the Trustees followed by the
favorable vote of the holders of at least 75% of the outstanding
shares of each affected class or series of shares of the Fund,
voting separately as a class or series,
81
unless such amendment has been approved by at least 80% of the
Trustees, in which case a majority of the outstanding
voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund
shall be required. The foregoing vote would satisfy a separate
requirement in the 1940 Act that any conversion of the Fund to
an open-end investment company be approved by the shareholders.
If approved in the foregoing manner, conversion of the Fund to
an open-end investment company could not occur until
90 days after the shareholders meeting at which such
conversion was approved and would also require at least
30 days prior notice to all shareholders. Following
any such conversion, it is possible that certain of the
Funds investment policies and strategies would have to be
modified to assure sufficient portfolio liquidity. In the event
of conversion, the common shares would cease to be listed on the
New York Stock Exchange or other national securities exchanges
or market systems. Shareholders of an open-end investment
company may require the company to redeem their shares at any
time, except in certain circumstances as authorized by or under
the 1940 Act, at their net asset value, less such redemption
charge, if any, as might be in effect at the time of a
redemption. The Fund expects to pay all such redemption requests
in cash, but reserves the right to pay redemption requests in a
combination of cash or securities. If such partial payment in
securities were made, investors may incur brokerage costs in
converting such securities to cash. If the Fund were converted
to an open-end fund, it is likely that new shares would be sold
at net asset value plus a sales load. The Board of Trustees
believes, however, that the closed-end structure is desirable in
light of the Funds investment objective and its policies
and strategies. Therefore, you should assume that it is not
likely that the Board of Trustees would vote to convert the Fund
to an open-end fund.
For the purposes of calculating a majority of the
outstanding voting securities under the Agreement and
Declaration of Trust, each class and series of the Fund shall
vote together as a single class, except to the extent required
by the 1940 Act or the Agreement and Declaration of Trust, with
respect to any class or series of shares. If a separate class
vote is required, the applicable proportion of shares of the
class or series, voting as a separate class or series, also will
be required.
The Declaration of Trust also provides that the Fund may be
liquidated upon the approval of 80% of the Trustees.
The Board of Trustees has determined that provisions with
respect to the Board of Trustees and the shareholder voting
requirements described above, which voting requirements are
greater than the minimum requirements under Delaware law or the
1940 Act, are in the best interest of shareholders generally.
Reference should be made to the Agreement and Declaration of
Trust, on file with the Commission for the full text of these
provisions.]
CERTAIN
PROVISIONS OF DELAWARE LAW AND THE DECLARATION OF TRUST
AND BYLAWS
[ ]
CLOSED-END
FUND STRUCTURE
Closed-end funds differ from open-end management investment
companies (commonly referred to as mutual funds).
Closed-end funds generally list their shares for trading on a
securities exchange and do not redeem their shares at the option
of the shareholder. In contrast, mutual funds issue securities
redeemable at net asset value at the option of the shareholder
and typically engage in a continuous offering of their shares.
Mutual funds are subject to continuous asset in-flows and
out-flows that can complicate portfolio management, whereas
closed-end funds generally can stay more fully invested in
securities consistent with the closed-end funds investment
objective and policies. Accordingly, closed-end funds have
greater flexibility than open-end funds to make certain types of
investments, including investments in illiquid securities.
Shares of closed-end funds listed for trading on a securities
exchange frequently trade at discounts to their net asset value,
but in some cases trade at a premium. The market price may be
affected by net asset value, dividend or distribution levels
(which are dependent, in part, on expenses), supply of and
demand for the shares, stability of dividends or distributions,
trading volume of the shares, general market and economic
conditions and other factors beyond the control of the
closed-end fund. The foregoing factors may result in the market
price of the Funds common shares being greater than, less
than or equal to net asset value. The Board of Trustees has
reviewed the
82
Funds structure in light of its investment objective and
policies and has determined that the closed-end structure is in
the best interests of the Funds shareholders. However, the
Board of Trustees may periodically review the trading range and
activity of the Funds shares with respect to their net
asset value and may take certain actions to seek to reduce or
eliminate any such discount. Such actions may include open
market repurchases or tender offers for the Funds common
shares at net asset value or the Funds possible conversion
to an open-end mutual fund. There can be no assurance that the
Board of Trustees will decide to undertake any of these actions
or that, if undertaken, such actions would result in the
Funds common shares trading at a price equal to or close
to net asset value per share of its common shares. Based on the
determination of the Board of Trustees in connection with this
initial offering of the Funds common shares that the
closed-end structure is desirable in light of the Funds
investment objective and policies, it is highly unlikely that
the Board of Trustees would vote to convert the Fund to an
open-end investment company.
Delaware trust law provides that any proposal for the
Funds conversion from a closed-end fund to an open-end
investment company requires the approval of its Board of
Trustees and the shareholders entitled to cast at least 80% of
the votes entitled to be cast on such matter. However, if such
proposal is also approved by at least 80% of the Funds
continuing Trustees (in addition to the approval by the
Funds Board of Trustees), such proposal may be approved by
a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. See
Description of Shares for a discussion of voting
requirements applicable to the Funds conversion to an
open-end investment company. If the Fund converted to an
open-end investment company, it would be required to redeem all
preferred stock then outstanding (requiring in turn that it
liquidate a portion of its investment portfolio) and its common
shares would not be eligible to be listed on the NYSE.
Conversion to open-end status could also require the Fund to
modify certain investment restrictions and policies.
Shareholders of an open-end investment company may require the
investment company to redeem their shares at any time (except in
certain circumstances as authorized by or permitted under the
1940 Act) at their net asset value, less such redemption charge,
if any, as might be in effect at the time of redemption. In
order to avoid maintaining large cash positions or liquidating
favorable investments to meet redemptions, open-end investment
companies typically engage in a continuous offering of their
shares. Open-end investment companies are thus subject to
periodic asset in-flows and out-flows that can complicate
portfolio management. The Funds Board of Trustees may at
any time propose the Funds conversion to open-end status,
depending upon its judgment regarding the advisability of such
action in light of circumstances then prevailing.
REPURCHASE
OF COMMON SHARES
In recognition of the possibility that the Funds common
shares might trade at a discount to net asset value and that any
such discount may not be in the interest of the Funds
common shareholders, the Board of Trustees, in consultation with
the Investment Adviser, from time to time may, but is not
required to, review possible actions to reduce any such
discount. The Board of Trustees also may, but is not required
to, consider from time to time open market repurchases of and/or
tender offers for the Funds common shares, as well as
other potential actions, to seek to reduce any market discount
from net asset value that may develop. After any consideration
of potential actions to seek to reduce any significant market
discount, the Board of Trustees may, subject to its applicable
duties and compliance with applicable U.S. state and federal
laws, authorize the commencement of a share-repurchase program
or tender offer. The size and timing of any such share
repurchase program or tender offer will be determined by the
Board of Trustees in light of the market discount of the
Funds common shares, trading volume of the Funds
common shares, information presented to the Board of Trustees
regarding the potential impact of any such share repurchase
program or tender offer, general market and economic conditions
and applicable law. There can be no assurance that the Fund will
in fact effect repurchases of or tender offers for any of its
common shares. The Fund may, subject to its investment
limitation with respect to borrowings, incur debt to finance
such repurchases or a tender offer or for other valid purposes.
Interest on any such borrowings would increase the Funds
expenses and reduce its net income.
There can be no assurance that repurchases of the Funds
common shares or tender offers, if any, will cause share of its
common shares to trade at a price equal to or in excess of their
net asset value. Nevertheless, the possibility that a portion of
the Funds outstanding common shares may be the subject of
repurchases or tender offers may reduce the spread between
market price and net asset value that might otherwise exist.
Sellers may be less inclined to accept a significant discount in
the sale of their common shares if they have a reasonable
expectation
83
of being able to receive a price of net asset value for a
portion of their common shares in conjunction with an announced
repurchase program or tender offer for the Funds common
shares.
Although the Board of Trustees believes that repurchases or
tender offers generally would have a favorable effect on the
market price of the Funds common shares, the acquisition
of common shares by the Fund will decrease its total assets and
therefore will have the effect of increasing its expense ratio
and decreasing the asset coverage with respect to any preferred
stock outstanding. Because of the nature of the Funds
investment objective, policies and portfolio, particularly its
investment in illiquid or otherwise restricted securities, it is
possible that repurchases of common shares or tender offers
could interfere with the Funds ability to manage its
investments in order to seek its investment objective. Further,
it is possible that the Fund could experience difficulty in
borrowing money or be required to dispose of portfolio
securities to consummate repurchases of or tender offers for
common shares.
TAX
MATTERS
Tax matters are complicated, and the U.S. federal, state, local
and foreign tax consequences of an investment in and holding of
the Funds common shares will depend on the facts of each
investors situation. Investors are encouraged to consult
their own tax advisers regarding the specific tax consequences
that may affect such investors.
The following is a summary of the material U.S. federal income
tax considerations generally applicable to U.S. Shareholders (as
defined below) that acquire shares pursuant to this offering and
that hold such shares as capital assets (generally, for
investment). The discussion is based upon the Code, Treasury
Regulations, judicial authorities, published positions of the
Internal Revenue Service (the IRS) and other
applicable authorities, all as in effect on the date hereof and
all of which are subject to change or differing interpretations
(possibly with retroactive effect). This summary does not
address all of the potential U.S. federal income tax
consequences that may be applicable to the Fund or to all
categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special
tax rules. No ruling has been or will be sought from the IRS
regarding any matter discussed herein. Counsel to the Fund has
not rendered any legal opinion to the Fund regarding any tax
consequences relating to the Fund or an investment in the Fund.
No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that
a court would not sustain a position contrary to any of the tax
aspects set forth below.
Prospective investors must consult their own tax advisers as to
the U.S. federal income tax consequences of acquiring, holding
and disposing of common shares, as well as the effects of state,
local and foreign tax laws.
For purposes of this summary, the term U.S.
Shareholder means a beneficial owner of shares that, for
U.S. federal income tax purposes, is one of the following:
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an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;
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a corporation or other entity taxable as a corporation created
in or organized under the laws of the United States or any state
thereof;
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an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income
taxation regardless of its source; or
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a trust (x) if a U.S. court is able to exercise primary
supervision over the administration of such trust and one or
more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial
decisions of such trust or (y) that has a valid election in
effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated
as a U.S. person.
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If a partnership holds shares, the U.S. federal income tax
treatment of a partner in such partnership generally will depend
upon the status of the partner and the activities of the
partnership. Partners of partnerships that hold shares should
consult their tax advisers.
The
Fund
The Fund will be treated as a regular corporation, or
C corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Accordingly, the Fund generally will be subject to U.S. federal
income tax on its taxable income at the graduated rates
applicable to corporations (currently at a maximum rate of 35%).
In addition, as a regular corporation, the Fund may be subject
to state income tax by reason of its investments in equity
securities of MLPs. The Fund may be subject to a 20% alternative
minimum tax on its alternative minimum taxable income to the
extent that the
84
alternative minimum tax exceeds the Funds regular income
tax liability. The Funds payment of U.S. corporate income
tax or alternative minimum tax could materially reduce the
amount of cash available for the Fund to make distributions on
the shares. In addition, distributions to shareholders of the
Fund will be taxed under federal income tax laws applicable to
corporate distributions, and thus the Funds taxable income
will be subject to a double layer of taxation.
The income from equity securities of certain MLPs is treated as
qualifying income for purposes of qualifying as a regulated
investment company under the Code. However, a regulated
investment company may not invest more than 25% of its assets in
the equity securities of MLPs. Thus, the Fund does not expect
that it will be eligible to elect to be treated as a regulated
investment company because the Fund intends to invest more than
25% of its assets in the equity securities of MLPs.
Certain
Fund Investments
MLP Equity Securities. MLPs differ from
corporations in the way they are treated for U.S. federal income
tax purposes. A corporation is required to pay U.S. federal
income tax on its income, and, to the extent the corporation
makes distributions to its shareholders in the form of dividends
from earnings and profits, its shareholders are required pay
U.S. federal income tax on such dividends. For this reason, it
is said that corporate income is taxed at two levels. An MLP is
instead treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax
purposes, which means no U.S. federal income tax is imposed at
the partnership entity level. A partnerships items of
taxable income, gain, loss and deductions are generally
allocated among all the partners in proportion to their
interests in the partnership. Each partner is required to
include in income its allocable shares of these tax items.
Partnership income is thus said to be taxed only at one
level at the partner level.
The Code generally requires all publicly traded partnerships to
be treated as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
If, however, a publicly traded partnership satisfies specific
requirements, the publicly traded partnership will be treated as
a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Such
publicly traded partnerships are referred to in this Tax
Matters discussion as MLPs. Under these requirements, an
MLP is required to derive 90% of its income for each taxable
year from specified sources of qualifying income, such as
interest, dividends, real estate rents, gain from the sale or
disposition of real property, gains on sales of certain capital
assets, and in certain limited circumstances, income and gain
from commodities or futures, forwards and options with respect
to commodities. Qualifying income also includes income and gain
from mineral or natural resources activities, including
exploration, development, production, mining, refining,
marketing and transportation (including pipelines), of oil and
gas, minerals, fertilizer, geothermal energy, or timber. Most
MLPs today are in natural resource, timber or real estate
related (including mortgage securities) businesses.
Although distributions from MLPs resemble corporate dividends,
they are treated differently for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. A distribution from an MLP is treated as a tax-free
return of capital to the extent of the partners tax basis
in its MLP interest and as gain from the sale or exchange of the
MLP interest to the extent the distribution exceeds the
partners tax basis in its MLP interest.
When the Fund invests in the equity securities of an MLP, the
Fund will be a partner in such MLP. Accordingly, the Fund will
be required to include in its taxable income the Funds
allocable share of the income, gains, losses and deductions
recognized by each such MLP, whether or not the MLP distributes
cash to the Fund. Based upon a review of the historic results of
the type of MLPs in which the Fund intends to invest, the Fund
expects that the cash distributions it will receive with respect
its investments in equity securities of MLPs will exceed the
taxable income allocated to the Fund from such MLPs. No
assurance, however, can be given in this regard. If this
expectation is not realized, the Fund will have a larger
corporate income tax expense than expected, which will result in
less cash available to distribute to shareholders.
The Fund will recognize gain or loss on the sale, exchange or
other taxable disposition of an equity security of an MLP equal
to the difference between the amount realized by the Fund on the
sale, exchange or other taxable disposition and the Funds
adjusted tax basis in such equity security. Any such gain will
be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the regular graduated
corporate rates (currently at a maximum rate of 35%), regardless
of how long the Fund has held such equity security. The amount
realized by the Fund generally will be the amount paid by the
purchaser of the equity security plus the portion of the
Funds allocable share, if any, of the MLPs debt that
will be
85
allocated to the purchaser as a result of the sale, exchange or
other taxable disposition. The Funds adjusted tax basis in
its equity securities in an MLP is generally equal to the amount
the Fund paid for the equity securities, (x) increased by
the Funds allocable share of the MLPs net taxable
income and the Funds allocable share of the MLPs
debt, if any, and (y) decreased by the Funds
allocable share of the MLPs net losses, reductions in the
Funds allocable share of the MLPs debt, if any, and
any distributions received by the Fund from the MLP. Although
any distribution by an MLP to the Fund in excess of the
Funds allocable share of such MLPs net taxable
income generally will not be taxable to the extent the
distribution does not exceed the Funds tax basis in the
MLP, such distribution will reduce the Funds tax basis and
thus increase the amount of gain (or decrease the amount of
loss) that will be recognized on the sale of an equity security
in the MLP by the Fund or on a subsequent distribution by the
MLP to the Fund.
The Funds allocable share of certain percentage-depletion
deductions and intangible drilling costs of the MLPs in which
the Fund invests may be treated as items of tax preference for
purposes of calculating the Funds alternative minimum
taxable income. Such items will increase the Funds
alternative minimum taxable income and increase the likelihood
that the Fund may be subject to the alternative minimum tax.
Other Investments. The Funds
transactions in foreign currencies, forward contracts, options
and futures contracts (including options and futures contracts
on foreign currencies), to the extent permitted, will be subject
to special provisions of the Code (including provisions relating
to hedging transactions and straddles)
that, among other things, may affect the character of gains and
losses realized by the Fund (i.e., may affect whether
gains or losses are ordinary or capital or short-term versus
long-term), accelerate recognition of income to the Fund and
defer Fund losses. These provisions also (a) will require
the Fund to
mark-to-market
certain types of the positions in its portfolio (i.e.,
treat them as if they were closed out at the end of each year)
and (b) may cause the Fund to recognize income without
receiving a corresponding amount cash.
If the Fund invests in debt obligations having original issue
discount, the Fund may recognize taxable income from such
investments in excess of any cash received therefrom.
Foreign Investments. Dividends or other income
(including, in some cases, capital gains) received by the Fund
from investments in
non-U.S.
securities may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed
by foreign countries. Tax conventions between certain countries
and the United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes in some
cases. Foreign taxes paid by the Fund will reduce the return
from the Funds investments. Shareholders will not be
entitled to claim credits or deductions on their own tax returns
for foreign taxes paid by the Fund.
The Fund may invest in PFICs. As a result of an investment in a
PFIC, the Fund may be subject to an interest charge or, if it
makes one of the elections described below, may be required to
recognize taxable income related to such investment prior to its
receipt of the corresponding cash.
If the Fund were to invest in a PFIC and elect to treat the PFIC
as a qualified electing fund under the Code, the
Fund would be required to include in income each year a portion
of the ordinary earnings and net capital gains of the qualified
electing fund, even if not distributed to the Fund. In order to
make this election, the Fund would be required to obtain certain
annual information from the PFICs in which it invests, which may
be difficult or impossible to obtain.
Alternatively, the Fund may make a
mark-to-market
election with respect to an interest in a PFIC that is
marketable stock as defined in the PFIC rules. This
election will result in the Funds being treated as if it
had sold and repurchased its PFIC stock at the end of each year.
In such case, the Fund would report any such gains as ordinary
income and would deduct any such losses as ordinary losses to
the extent of previously recognized gains. The election must be
made separately for each PFIC owned by the Fund and, once made,
would be effective for all subsequent taxable years, unless
revoked with the consent of IRS.
U.S.
Shareholders
Distributions. Distributions by the Fund of
cash or property in respect of the shares will be treated as
dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent
paid from the Funds current or accumulated earnings and
profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax principles)
and will be includible in gross income by a U.S. Shareholder
upon receipt. Any such dividend will be eligible for the
dividends received deduction if received by an
86
otherwise qualifying corporate U.S. Shareholder that meets the
holding period and other requirements for the dividends received
deduction. Dividends paid by the Fund to certain non-corporate
U.S. Shareholders (including individuals), with respect to
taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010,
will be eligible for U.S. federal income taxation at the rates
generally applicable to long-term capital gains for individuals
(currently at a maximum tax rate of 15%), provided that the U.S.
Shareholder receiving the dividend satisfies applicable holding
period and other requirements.
If the amount of a Fund distribution exceeds the Funds
current and accumulated earnings and profits, such excess will
be treated first as a tax-free return of capital to the extent
of the U.S. Shareholders tax basis in the shares, and
thereafter as capital gain. Any such capital gain will be
long-term capital gain if such U.S. Shareholder has held the
applicable shares for more than one year. The Funds
earnings and profits are generally calculated by making certain
adjustments to the Funds taxable income. Based upon the
Funds review of the historic results of the type of MLPs
in which the Fund intends to invest, the Fund expects that the
cash distributions it will receive with respect its investments
in equity securities of MLPs will exceed the Funds
earnings and profits. Accordingly, the Fund expects that only a
portion of its distributions to its shareholders with respect to
the shares will be treated as dividends for U.S. federal income
tax purposes. No assurance, however, can be given in this regard.
Because the Fund will invest a substantial portion of its assets
in natural resource-related MLPs, special rules will apply to
the calculation of the Funds earnings and profits. For
example, the Funds earnings and profits will be calculated
using the straight-line depreciation method rather than the
accelerated depreciation method. This difference in treatment
may, for example, result in the Funds earnings and profits
being higher than the Funds taxable income in a particular
year if the MLPs in which the Fund invests calculate their
income using accelerated depreciation. Because of these
differences, the Fund may make distributions in a particular
year out of earnings and profits (treated as dividends) in
excess of the amount of the Funds taxable income for such
year.
U.S. Shareholders that participate in the Funds dividend
reinvestment plan will be treated for U.S. federal income tax
purposes as having (i) received a distribution equal to the
reinvested amount (taxable as described immediately above) and
(ii) reinvested such amount in shares.
Sales of Shares. Upon the sale, exchange or
other taxable disposition of shares, a U.S. Shareholder
generally will recognize capital gain or loss equal to the
difference between the amount realized on the sale, exchange or
other taxable disposition and the U.S. Shareholders
adjusted tax basis in the shares. Any such capital gain or loss
will be a long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. Shareholder
has held the shares for more than one year at the time of
disposition. Long-term capital gains of certain non-corporate
U.S. Shareholders (including individuals) are currently subject
to U.S. federal income taxation at a maximum rate of 15%
(scheduled to increase to 20% for taxable years beginning after
December 31, 2010). The deductibility of capital losses is
subject to limitations under the Code.
A redemption of shares will be treated as a sale or exchange of
such shares provided the redemption is not essentially
equivalent to a dividend, is a substantially disproportionate
redemption, is a complete redemption of an shareholders
interest in the Fund, or is in partial liquidation of the Fund.
A redemption treated as a sale or exchange of shares will be
subject to U.S. federal income tax as described immediately
above. Redemptions that do not qualify for sale or exchange
treatment will be treated as dividends to the extent paid from
the Funds current or accumulated earnings and profits
allocable to such redemptions. To the extent the Fund does not
have sufficient earnings and profits, the redemption proceeds
will constitute a return of capital and will first be applied
against and reduce a shareholders adjusted basis in his or
her shares, but not below zero, and then the excess, if any,
will be treated as gain from the sale of the shares. If the Fund
redeems shares, there is a risk that the non-tendering
shareholders would be considered to have received a deemed
distribution as a result of the Funds purchase of the
tendered shares, and all or a portion of that deemed
distribution may be taxable as a dividend.
A U.S. Shareholders adjusted tax basis in its shares may
be less than the price paid for the shares as a result of
distributions by the Fund in excess of the Funds earnings
and profits (i.e., returns of capital).
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Requirements. In general, distributions on the
shares, and payments of the proceeds from a sale, exchange or
other disposition of the shares paid to a U.S. Shareholder are
subject to information reporting on Form 1099 and may be
subject to backup withholding (currently at a maximum
87
rate of 28%) unless the U.S. Shareholder (i) is a
corporation or other exempt recipient or (ii) provides an
accurate taxpayer identification number and certifies that it is
not subject to backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an
additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup
withholding rules from a payment to a U.S. Shareholder will be
refunded or credited against the U.S. Shareholders U.S.
federal income tax liability, if any, provided that the required
information is furnished to the IRS. Each shareholder will
receive, if appropriate, various written notices after the close
of the Funds taxable year describing the amount and the
U.S. federal income tax status of distributions that were paid
(or that are treated as having been paid) by the Fund to the
shareholder, and the amount of any U.S. federal taxes withheld,
during the preceding taxable year.
Non-U.S.
Shareholders
For purposes of this summary, the term
Non-U.S.
Shareholder means a beneficial owner of shares that, for
U.S. federal income tax purposes, is one of the following:
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a non-resident alien individual, other than certain former
citizens and residents of the United States subject to tax as
expatriates,
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a foreign corporation or
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a foreign estate or trust.
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If a partnership holds shares, the U.S. federal income tax
treatment of a partner in such partnership generally will depend
upon the status of the partner and the activities of the
partnership. Partners of partnerships that hold shares should
consult their tax advisers.
A
Non-U.S.
Shareholder does not include (i) an individual who is
present in the United States for 183 days or more in the
taxable year of disposition and is not otherwise a resident of
the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes or
(ii) any person who owns at any time, actually or
constructively, more than 5% of the Funds shares. Any such
person is urged to consult his, her or its own tax adviser
regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the sale,
exchange or other disposition of shares.
This summary assumes that the
Non-U.S.
Shareholders investment in the Fund is not effectively
connected with the conduct by such
Non-U.S.
Shareholder of a trade or business in the United States. Any
Non-U.S.
Shareholder whose investment in the Fund is effectively
connected with such
Non-U.S.
Shareholders conduct of a trade or business in the United
States should consult its own tax adviser.
Distributions. Distributions by the Fund of
cash or property in respect of the shares will be treated as
dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the extent
paid from the Funds current and accumulated earnings and
profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax
principles). Dividends paid by the Fund to a
Non-U.S.
Shareholder generally will be subject to withholding tax at a
30% rate or a reduced rate specified by an applicable income tax
treaty. In order to obtain a reduced rate of withholding tax, a
Non-U.S.
Shareholder will be required to provide an IRS
Form W-8BEN
certifying its entitlement to benefits under a treaty.
If the amount of a Fund distribution exceeds the Funds
current and accumulated earnings and profits, such excess will
be treated first as a tax-free return of capital to the extent
of the
Non-U.S.
Shareholders tax basis in the shares, and thereafter as
capital gain. As discussed above, the Fund expects that only a
portion of its distributions to its shareholders with respect to
the shares will be treated as dividends for U.S. federal income
tax purposes. To the extent that any distribution by the Fund is
not treated as a dividend, such distribution will not be subject
to withholding tax, unless the Fund is or has been a U.S. real
property holding corporation, as defined below, at any time
within the five-year period preceding the distribution or the
Non-U.S.
Shareholders holding period, whichever is shorter, and the
shares have ceased to be traded on an established securities
market prior to the beginning of the calendar year in which the
distribution occurs. Gain recognized by a
Non-U.S.
Shareholder as a consequence of a distribution by the Fund will
not be subject to U.S. federal income tax, except as described
below under Sale of Shares.
88
Sale of Shares. A
Non-U.S.
Shareholder generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income
tax on gain realized on the sale, exchange or other disposition
of shares unless:
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the gain is effectively connected with a trade or business of
the Non-U.S.
Shareholder in the United States, subject to an applicable
treaty providing otherwise, or
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the Fund is or has been a U.S. real property holding
corporation, as defined below, at any time within the five-year
period preceding the disposition or the
Non-U.S.
Shareholders holding period, whichever is shorter, and the
shares have ceased to be traded on an established securities
market prior to the beginning of the calendar year in which the
sale, exchange or other disposition occurs.
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Generally, a corporation is a U.S. real property holding
corporation if the fair market value of its U.S. real property
interests, as defined in the Code and applicable regulations,
equals or exceeds 50% of the aggregate fair market value of its
worldwide real property interests and its other assets used or
held for use in a trade or business. The Fund may be, or may
prior to a
Non-U.S.
Shareholders disposition of shares become, a U.S. real
property holding corporation.
Information Reporting and Backup
Withholding. Information returns will be filed
with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with payments of
dividends and the proceeds from a sale or other disposition of
shares. A
Non-U.S.
Shareholder may have to comply with certification procedures to
establish that it is not a United States person in order to
avoid information reporting and backup withholding tax
requirements. The certification procedures required to claim a
reduced rate of withholding under a treaty will satisfy the
certification requirements necessary to avoid the backup
withholding tax, as well. The amount of any backup withholding
from a payment to a
Non-U.S.
Shareholder may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that
the required information is furnished to the Internal Revenue
Service.
UNDERWRITERS
Under the terms and subject to the conditions contained in the
underwriting agreement dated the date of this prospectus, the
underwriters named below, for whom Morgan Stanley &
Co. Incorporated is acting as representative, have severally
agreed to purchase, and the Fund has agreed to sell to them, the
number of common shares indicated below.
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Number of
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Name
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Common Shares
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Morgan Stanley & Co.
Incorporated
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Total
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The underwriters are offering the common shares subject to their
acceptance of the common shares from the Fund and subject to
prior sale. The underwriting agreement provides that the
obligations of the several underwriters to pay for and accept
delivery of the common shares offered by this prospectus are
subject to the approval of legal matters by their counsel and to
certain other conditions. The underwriters are obligated to take
and pay for all of the common shares offered by this prospectus
if any such common shares are taken. However, the underwriters
are not required to take or pay for the common shares covered by
the underwriters over-allotment option described below.
The underwriters initially propose to offer part of the common
shares directly to the public at the initial offering price
listed on the cover page of this prospectus and part to certain
dealers at a price that represents a concession not in excess of
$ a share under the initial
offering price. Any underwriter may allow, and such dealer may
reallow, a concession not in excess of
$ a share to the other
underwriters or to certain dealers. After the initial offering
of the common shares, the offering price and other selling terms
may from time to time be varied by the representative. The
underwriting discounts and commissions (sales load) of
$ a share are equal
to % of the initial offering price.
Investors must pay for any common shares purchased on or
before ,
2007.
The Fund has granted to the underwriters an option, exercisable
for 45 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase
up to an aggregate of common
shares at the initial offering price per common share listed on
the
89
cover page of this prospectus, less underwriting discounts and
commissions. The underwriters may exercise this option solely
for the purpose of covering over-allotments, if any, made in
connection with the offering of the common shares offered by
this prospectus. To the extent the option is exercised, each
underwriter will become obligated, subject to limited
conditions, to purchase approximately the same percentage of the
additional common shares as the number listed next to the
underwriters name in the preceding table bears to the
total number of common shares listed next to the names of all
underwriters in the preceding table. If the underwriters
over-allotment option is exercised in full, the total price to
the public would be $ , the total
underwriters discounts and commissions (sales load) would
be $ , the estimated offering
expenses would be $ and the total
proceeds to the Fund would be $ .
The following table summarizes the estimated expenses and
compensation that the Fund will pay:
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Per Share
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Total
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Without Over-
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With Over-
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Without Over-
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With Over-
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allotment
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allotment
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allotment
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allotment
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Expenses payable by the Fund
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$
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$
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$
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$
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Underwriters discounts and
commissions (sales load)
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$
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$
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$
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$
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The fees described below under Additional
Compensation to Be Paid by the Investment Adviser are not
reimbursable to the Investment Adviser by the Fund, and are
therefore not reflected in expenses payable by the Fund in the
table above.
Offering expenses paid by the Fund (other than underwriting
discounts and commissions) will not exceed $0.04 a share sold by
the Fund in this offering. If the offering expenses referred to
in the preceding sentence exceed this amount, the Investment
Adviser or an affiliate will pay the excess. The aggregate
offering expenses (excluding underwriting discounts and
commissions) are estimated to be $
in total.
The underwriters have informed the Fund that they do not intend
sales to discretionary accounts to exceed five percent of the
total number of common shares offered by them.
In order to meet requirements for the New York Stock Exchange,
the underwriters have undertaken to sell lots of 100 or more
shares to a minimum of 2,000 beneficial owners. The minimum
investment requirement is 100 common shares ($2,000).
The Fund intends to apply to have the common shares approved for
listing on the New York Stock Exchange, subject to official
notice of issuance, under the symbol
.
The Fund has agreed that, without the prior written consent of
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated, on behalf of the
underwriters, it will not, during the period ending
180 days after the date of this prospectus:
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offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or
contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell,
grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or
otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any
common shares or any securities convertible into or exercisable
or exchangeable for common shares, or
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enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to
another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences
of ownership of the common shares,
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whether any such transaction described above is to be settled by
delivery of common shares or such other securities, in cash or
otherwise; or file any registration statement with the SEC
relating to the offering of any common shares or any securities
convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for common
shares. This
lock-up
agreement will not apply to the common shares to be sold
pursuant to the underwriting agreement or any common shares
issued pursuant to the Funds Dividend Reinvestment Plan.
In addition, certain officers of the Investment Adviser,
including all of the Funds officers and certain of the
Funds Trustees, are expected to purchase
approximately
of the Funds common shares at the public offering price in
this offering. Each of these individuals has agreed that,
without the prior written consent of Morgan
90
Stanley & Co. Incorporated, on behalf of the
underwriters, during the period ending 180 days after the
date of this prospectus, he or she will be bound by
lock-up
restrictions similar to those described above binding the Fund.
In order to facilitate the offering of the common shares, the
underwriters may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain
or otherwise affect the price of the common shares. The
underwriters currently expect to sell more common shares than
they are obligated to purchase under the underwriting agreement,
creating a short position in the common shares for their own
account. A short sale is covered if the short position is no
greater than the number of common shares available for purchase
by the underwriters under the over-allotment option (exercisable
for 45 days from the date of this prospectus). The
underwriters can close out a covered short sale by exercising
the over-allotment option or purchasing common shares in the
open market. In determining the source of common shares to close
out a covered short sale, the underwriters will consider, among
other things, the open market price of the common shares
compared to the price available under the over-allotment option.
The underwriters may also sell common shares in excess of the
over-allotment option, creating a naked short position. The
underwriters must close out any naked short position by
purchasing common shares in the open market. A naked short
position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are
concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of
the common shares in the open market after pricing that could
adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering. As an
additional means of facilitating the offering, the underwriters
may bid for, and purchase, common shares in the open market to
stabilize the price of the common shares. Finally, the
underwriting syndicate may also reclaim selling concessions
allowed to an underwriter or a dealer for distributing the
common shares in the offering, if the syndicate repurchases
previously distributed common shares in transactions to cover
syndicate short positions or to stabilize the price of the
common shares. Any of these activities may raise or maintain the
market price of the common shares above independent market
levels or prevent or retard a decline in the market price of the
common shares. The underwriters are not required to engage in
these activities, and may end any of these activities at any
time.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public or private
market for the common shares or any other securities of the
Fund. Consequently, the offering price for the common shares was
determined by negotiation among the Fund, the Investment Adviser
and the representative. There can be no assurance, however, that
the price at which the common shares trade after this offering
will not be lower than the price at which they are sold by the
underwriters or that an active trading market in the common
shares will develop and continue after this offering.
The Fund anticipates that the representative and certain other
underwriters may from time to time act as brokers and dealers in
connection with the execution of its portfolio transactions
after they have ceased to be underwriters and, subject to
certain restrictions, may act as such brokers while they are
underwriters.
In connection with this offering, certain of the underwriters or
selected dealers may distribute prospectuses electronically. The
Fund, the Investment Adviser and the underwriters have agreed to
indemnify each other against certain liabilities, including
liabilities under the Securities Act.
The address of Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated is
1585 Broadway, New York, New York 10036.
Additional
Compensation to Be Paid by the Investment Adviser
In connection with this transaction, Morgan Stanley &
Co. Incorporated will be paid a marketing and structuring fee by
the Investment Adviser (and not the Fund) equal to 1.25% of the
aggregate price to the public of the common shares sold by
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated (including shares
over-allotted by Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated
regardless of whether the underwriters over-allotment
option is exercised), and which will total
$ . In contrast to the underwriting
discounts and commissions (earned under the underwriting
agreement by the underwriting syndicate as a group), this
marketing and structuring fee will be earned by and paid to
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated by the Investment
Adviser for assistance to the Investment Adviser on the design
and structuring of, and marketing assistance with respect to,
the Fund and the distribution of its common shares. These
services provided by Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated
to the Investment Adviser are unrelated to the Investment
Advisers function of advising the Fund as to its
investments in securities.
In no event will the Investment Adviser pay the underwriters as
a group more than 1.25% of the aggregate price to the public of
the common shares sold in this offering, including over-allotted
shares.
91
OTHER
SERVICE PROVIDERS
[ ]
acts as the Funds transfer agent and dividend-paying
agent. Please send all correspondence to
[ ],
which is located at
[ , , , ].
For its services,
[ ]
receives a fee based on the number of accounts. The Fund will
reimburse
[ ]
for certain
out-of-pocket
expenses, which may include payments by
[ ]
to entities, including affiliated entities, that provide
sub-stockholder
services, recordkeeping and/or transfer agency services to the
Funds beneficial owners. The amount of reimbursements for
these services per benefit plan participant fund account per
year will not exceed the per account fee payable by the Fund to
[ ]
in connection with maintaining shareholder accounts.
[ ],
which is located at __________, acts as custodian of the
Funds securities and other assets.
[ ]
acts as the Funds fund accountant.
[ ]
will assist in the calculation of the Funds net asset
value.
[ ]
will also maintain and keep current the accounts, books, records
and other documents relating to the Funds financial and
portfolio transactions.
CODES OF
ETHICS
The Fund and the Investment Adviser have adopted codes of ethics
under
Rule 17j-1
of the 1940 Act. These codes permit personnel subject to the
codes to invest in securities, including securities that may be
purchased or held by the Fund. These codes of ethics can be
reviewed and copied at the SECs Public Reference Room in
Washington, D.C. Information on the operation of the Public
Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at
1-202-551-8090.
The codes of ethics are available on the EDGAR Database on the
SECs web site
(http://www.sec.gov),
and copies of these codes may be obtained, after paying a
duplicating fee, by electronic request at the following
e-mail
address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the SECs Public
Reference Section, Washington, D.C.
20549-0102.
PROXY
VOTING POLICY AND PROXY VOTING RECORD
The Board of Trustees of the Fund has delegated the voting of
proxies for Fund securities to the Investment Adviser pursuant
to the Investment Advisers proxy voting policies and
procedures. Under these policies and procedures, the Investment
Adviser will vote proxies related to Fund securities in the best
interests of the Fund and its shareholders. A copy of the
Investment Advisers proxy voting policies and procedures
is attached as Appendix B to this prospectus.
LEGAL
MATTERS
Certain legal matters in connection with the Funds common
shares will be passed upon for the Fund by Willkie
Farr & Gallagher LLP, New York, New York, and for the
underwriters by Davis Polk & Wardwell, New York, New
York, and Andrews Kurth LLP, Dallas, Texas.
INDEPENDENT
REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The statement of assets and liabilities of the Fund as of
[ ],
2007 included in this prospectus in reliance of the report of
[ ],
the Funds independent registered public accounting firm,
is given on the authority of that firm, as experts in accounting
and auditing. The principal address of
[ ]
is
[ ].
ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
The Fund is subject to the informational requirements of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the 1940 Act
and in accordance therewith is required to file reports, proxy
statements and other information with the Securities and
Exchange Commission. Any such reports and other information,
including the Funds Code of Ethics, can be inspected and
copied at the Securities and Exchange Commissions Public
Reference Room, Washington, D.C.
20549-0102.
Information on the operation of such public reference facilities
may be obtained by
92
calling the Securities and Exchange Commission at
(202) 551-8090.
Copies of such materials can be obtained from the Securities and
Exchange Commissions Public Reference Room, at prescribed
rates, or by electronic request at publicinfo@sec.gov. The
Securities and Exchange Commission maintains a website at
www.sec.gov containing reports and information statements and
other information regarding registrants, including the Fund,
that file electronically with the Securities and Exchange
Commission. Reports, proxy statements and other information
concerning the Fund can also be inspected at the offices of the
New York Stock Exchange, 20 Broad Street, New York, New York
10005.
Additional information regarding the Fund is contained in the
registration statement on
Form N-2,
including amendments, exhibits and schedules thereto, relating
to such shares filed by the Fund with the Securities and
Exchange Commission in Washington, D.C. This prospectus does not
contain all of the information set forth in the registration
statement, including any amendments, exhibits and schedules
thereto. For further information with respect to the Fund and
the shares offered hereby, reference is made to the registration
statement. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the
contents of any contract or other document referred to are not
necessarily complete and in each instance reference is made to
the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit
to the registration statement, each such statement being
qualified in all respects by such reference. A copy of the
registration statement may be inspected without charge at the
Securities and Exchange Commissions principal office in
Washington, D.C., and copies of all or any part thereof may be
obtained from the Securities and Exchange Commission upon the
payment of certain fees prescribed by the Securities and
Exchange Commission.
93
THE
CUSHING MLP TOTAL RETURN FUND
STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES AS OF
[ ],
2007
[TO BE PROVIDED]
95
APPENDIX A
RATINGS
OF INVESTMENTS
96
APPENDIX B
PROXY
VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
SWANK ENERGY INCOME ADVISORS, LP
97
The Cushing MLP Total Return
Fund
PART C
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 25.
Financial Statements and Exhibits
(1) Financial Statements: Registrant has not conducted any
business as of the date of this filing, other than in connection
with its organization.
(2) Exhibits
(a) Declaration of Trust filed herewith.
(b) Bylaws of Registrant *.
(c) Voting Trust Agreement none.
(d) Shareholder Rights Instruments none.
(e) Form of Dividend Reinvestment Plan.*
(f) Long-Term Debt Instruments none.
(g) Form of Investment Management Agreement between
Registrant and Swank Energy Income Advisors, LP.*
(h) Form of Underwriting Agreement between Registrant and
Morgan Stanley & Co. Incorporated.*
(1) Form of Master Agreement Among Underwriters.*
(2) Form of Master Selected Dealer Agreement.*
(3) Form of Marketing and Structuring Fee Agreement.*
(i) Bonus, Profit Sharing, Pension Plans not
applicable.
(j) Form of Custody Agreement.*
(k) Other Material Contracts
(1) Form of Administrative Services Agreement between
Registrant and [ ]*
(2) Form of Transfer Agency Agreement.*
(3) Form of Accounting Services Agreement.*
(l) Form of Opinion and Consent of Willkie Farr &
Gallagher LLP.*
(m) Non-Resident Officers/Trustees none.
(n) Other Opinions and Consents Consent of
independent registered public accounting firm.*
(o) Omitted Financial Statements none.
(p) Letters of Investment Intent.*
(q) Model Retirement Plans none.
(r) Code of Ethics
(i) Code of Ethics of Registrant.*
(ii) Code of Ethics of Swank Energy Income Advisors, LP.*
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*
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To be filed by amendment.
|
Item 26.
Marketing Arrangements
To be filed by amendment.
Item 27.
Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
The following table sets forth the estimated expenses to be
incurred in connection with the offering described in this
Registration Statement:
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Securities and Exchange Commission
Registration Fees
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|
|
*
|
National Association of Securities
Dealers, Inc. Registration Fees
|
|
|
|
*
|
Printing and Engraving Expenses
|
|
|
|
*
|
Postage
|
|
|
|
*
|
Legal Fees
|
|
|
|
*
|
Listing Fees
|
|
|
|
*
|
Marketing Expenses
|
|
|
|
*
|
Accounting Expenses
|
|
|
|
*
|
Transfer Agent Fees
|
|
|
|
*
|
Miscellaneous Expenses
|
|
|
|
*
|
Total
|
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$
|
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*
|
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|
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*
|
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To be filed by amendment.
|
Item 28.
Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with
Registrant
None.
Item 29.
Number of Holders of Securities as of
[ ],
2007
|
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|
|
|
Title of Class
|
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Number of Record
Holders
|
|
|
Common Shares, $0.001 par
value per share
|
|
|
0
|
|
Item 30.
Indemnification
[Article V of the Registrants Declaration of Trust
provides as follows:
5.1 No Personal Liability of Shareholders, Trustees, etc.
No Shareholder of the Trust shall be subject in such capacity to
any personal liability whatsoever to any Person in connection
with Trust Property or the acts, obligations or affairs of
the Fund. Shareholders shall have the same limitation of
personal liability as is extended to shareholders of a private
corporation for profit incorporated under the Delaware General
Corporation Law. No trustee or officer of the Fund shall be
subject in such capacity to any personal liability whatsoever to
any Person, save only liability to the Fund or its Shareholders
arising from bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence or
reckless disregard for his duty to such Person; and, subject to
the foregoing exception, all such Persons shall look solely to
the Trust Property for satisfaction of claims of any nature
arising in connection with the affairs of the Fund. If any
Shareholder, trustee or officer, as such, of the Fund, is made a
party to any suit or proceeding to enforce any such liability,
subject to the foregoing exception, he shall not, on account
thereof, be held to any personal liability. Any repeal or
modification of this Section 5.1 shall not adversely affect
any right or protection of a trustee or officer of the Fund
existing at the time of such repeal or modification with respect
to acts or omissions occurring prior to such repeal or
modification.
5.2 Mandatory Indemnification. (a) The Fund hereby
agrees to indemnify each person who at any time serves as a
trustee or officer of the Fund (each such person being an
indemnitee) against any liabilities and expenses,
including amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments, in
compromise or as fines and penalties, and reasonable counsel
fees reasonably incurred by such indemnitee in connection with
the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other
proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or
administrative or investigative body in which he may be or may
have been involved as a party or otherwise or with which he may
be or may have been threatened, while acting in any capacity set
forth in this Article V by reason of his having acted in
any such capacity, except with respect to any matter as to which
he shall not have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief
that his action was in the best interest of the Fund or, in the
case of any criminal proceeding, as to which he shall have had
reasonable
cause to believe that the conduct was unlawful, provided,
however, that no indemnitee shall be indemnified hereunder
against any liability to any person or any expense of such
indemnitee arising by reason of (i) willful misfeasance,
(ii) bad faith, (iii) gross negligence, or
(iv) reckless disregard of the duties involved in the
conduct of his position (the conduct referred to in such
clauses (i) through (iv) being sometimes referred to
herein as disabling conduct). Notwithstanding the
foregoing, with respect to any action, suit or other proceeding
voluntarily prosecuted by any indemnitee as plaintiff,
indemnification shall be mandatory only if the prosecution of
such action, suit or other proceeding by such indemnitee
(1) was authorized by a majority of the trustees or
(2) was instituted by the indemnitee to enforce his or her
rights to indemnification hereunder in a case in which the
indemnitee is found to be entitled to such indemnification. The
rights to indemnification set forth in this Declaration shall
continue as to a person who has ceased to be a trustee or
officer of the Fund and shall inure to the benefit of his or her
heirs, executors and personal and legal representatives. No
amendment or restatement of this Declaration or repeal of any of
its provisions shall limit or eliminate any of the benefits
provided to any person who at any time is or was a trustee or
officer of the Fund or otherwise entitled to indemnification
hereunder in respect of any act or omission that occurred prior
to such amendment, restatement or repeal.
(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, no indemnification shall
be made hereunder unless there has been a determination
(i) by a final decision on the merits by a court or other
body of competent jurisdiction before whom the issue of
entitlement to indemnification hereunder was brought that such
indemnitee is entitled to indemnification hereunder or,
(ii) in the absence of such a decision, by (1) a
majority vote of a quorum of those trustees who are neither
interested persons of the Fund (as defined in
Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) nor parties to the
proceeding (Disinterested Non-Party Trustees), that
the indemnitee is entitled to indemnification hereunder, or
(2) if such quorum is not obtainable or even if obtainable,
if such majority so directs, independent legal counsel in a
written opinion concludes that the indemnitee should be entitled
to indemnification hereunder. All determinations to make advance
payments in connection with the expense of defending any
proceeding shall be authorized and made in accordance with the
immediately succeeding paragraph (c) below.
(c) The Fund shall make advance payments in connection with
the expenses of defending any action with respect to which
indemnification might be sought hereunder if the Fund receives a
written affirmation by the indemnitee of the indemnitees
good faith belief that the standards of conduct necessary for
indemnification have been met and a written undertaking to
reimburse the Fund unless it is subsequently determined that the
indemnitee is entitled to such indemnification and if a majority
of the trustees determine that the applicable standards of
conduct necessary for indemnification appear to have been met.
In addition, at least one of the following conditions must be
met: (i) the indemnitee shall provide adequate security for
his undertaking, (ii) the Fund shall be insured against
losses arising by reason of any lawful advances, or (iii) a
majority of a quorum of the Disinterested Non-Party Trustees, or
if a majority vote of such quorum so direct, independent legal
counsel in a written opinion, shall conclude, based on a review
of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type
inquiry), that there is substantial reason to believe that the
indemnitee ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.
(d) The rights accruing to any indemnitee under these
provisions shall not exclude any other right which any person
may have or hereafter acquire under this Declaration, the
By-Laws of the Trust, any statute, agreement, vote of
shareholders or trustees who are disinterested
persons (as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940
Act) or any other right to which he or she may be lawfully
entitled.
(e) Subject to any limitations provided by the 1940 Act and
this Declaration, the Fund shall have the power and authority to
indemnify and provide for the advance payment of expenses to
employees, agents and other Persons providing services to the
Fund or serving in any capacity at the request of the Fund to
the full extent corporations organized under the Delaware
General Corporation Law may indemnify or provide for the advance
payment of expenses for such Persons, provided that such
indemnification has been approved by a majority of the trustees.
5.3 No Bond Required of Trustees. No trustee shall, as
such, be obligated to give any bond or other security for the
performance of any of his duties hereunder.
5.4 No Duty of Investigation; Notice in Trust Instruments,
etc. No purchaser, lender, transfer agent or other person
dealing with the trustees or with any officer, employee or agent
of the Fund shall be bound to make any inquiry concerning the
validity of any transaction purporting to be made by the
trustees or by said officer, employee
or agent or be liable for the application of money or property
paid, loaned, or delivered to or on the order of the trustees or
of said officer, employee or agent. Every obligation, contract,
undertaking, instrument, certificate, Share, other security of
the Fund, and every other act or thing whatsoever executed in
connection with the Fund shall be conclusively taken to have
been executed or done by the executors thereof only in their
capacity as trustees under this Declaration or in their capacity
as officers, employees or agents of the Fund. The trustees may
maintain insurance for the protection of the Fund Property,
its Shareholders, trustees, officers, employees and agents in
such amount as the trustees shall deem adequate to cover
possible tort liability, and such other insurance as the
trustees in their sole judgment shall deem advisable or is
required by the 1940 Act.
5.5 Reliance on Experts, etc. Each trustee and officer or
employee of the Fund shall, in the performance of its duties, be
fully and completely justified and protected with regard to any
act or any failure to act resulting from reliance in good faith
upon the books of account or other records of the Fund, upon an
opinion of counsel, or upon reports made to the Fund by any of
the Funds officers or employees or by any advisor,
administrator, manager, distributor, selected dealer,
accountant, appraiser or other expert or consultant selected
with reasonable care by the trustees, officers or employees of
the Fund, regardless of whether such counsel or expert may also
be a trustee.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the
Securities Act of 1933, may be permitted to trustees, officers
and controlling persons of the Fund, pursuant to the foregoing
provisions or otherwise, the Fund has been advised that in the
opinion of the Commission such indemnification is against public
policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is,
therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for
indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment
by the Fund of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer
or controlling person of the Fund in the successful defense of
any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee,
officer or controlling person in connection with the securities
being registered, the Fund will, unless in the opinion of its
counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent,
submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question
whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as
expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by
the final adjudication of such issue. Reference is made to
Section 8 of the underwriting agreement attached as
Exhibit (h), which is incorporated herein by reference and
discusses the rights, responsibilities and limitations with
respect to indemnity and contribution.]
Item 31.
Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser
None.
Item 32.
Location of Accounts and Records
The accounts, books or other documents required to be maintained
by Section 31(a) of the 1940 Act, and the rules promulgated
thereunder, are kept by the Registrant or its custodian,
transfer agent, administrator and fund accountant.
Item 33.
Management Services
None.
Item 34.
Undertakings
(1) Registrant undertakes to suspend the offering of its
common shares until it amends the prospectus filed herewith if
(1) subsequent to the effective date of its registration
statement, the net asset value of the Fund declines more than
10 percent from the net asset value of the Fund as of the
effective date of the registration statement, or (2) the
net asset value of the Fund increases to an amount greater than
its net proceeds as stated in the prospectus.
(2) Not Applicable.
(3) Not Applicable.
(4) (a)-(c) Not Applicable.
(d) For the purpose of determining liability of the
Registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser, each
prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 497(b), (c), (d) or
(e) under the Securities Act as part of a registration
statement relating to an offering, other than prospectuses filed
in reliance on Rule 430A under the Securities Act, shall be
deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement
as of the date it is first used after
effectiveness; provided, however, that no statement made
in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the
registration statement or made in a document incorporated or
deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement
or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will,
as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such
first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in
the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the
registration statement or made in any such document immediately
prior to such date of first use.
(e) For the purpose of determining liability of the
undersigned Registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser
in the initial distribution of securities, the undersigned
Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities
of the undersigned Registrant pursuant to this registration
statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell
the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered
or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following
communications, the undersigned Registrant will be a seller to
the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such
securities to the purchaser:
(1) any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the
undersigned Registrant relating to the offering required to be
filed pursuant to Rule 497 under the Securities Act;
(2) the portion of any advertisement pursuant to
Rule 482 under the Securities Act relating to the offering
containing material information about the undersigned Registrant
or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned
Registrant; and
(3) any other communication that is an offer in the
offering made by the undersigned Registrant to the purchaser.
(5) Registrant undertakes that:
(a) For purposes of determining any liability under the
Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of
prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in
reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in the form of
prospectus filed by the Registrant under Rule 497(h) under
the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this
registration statement as of the time it was declared
effective; and
(b) For the purpose of determining any liability under the
Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a
form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration
statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the
offering of the securities at that time shall be deemed to be
the initial bona fide offering thereof.
(6) Not applicable.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as
amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the
Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be
signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly
authorized, in the City of Dallas, and the State of Texas, on
the 25th day of May, 2007.
THE CUSHING MLP
TOTAL RETURN FUND
Jerry V. Swank
President
Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this
Registration Statement has been signed below by the following
persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
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|
Signature
|
|
Title
|
|
Date
|
|
/s/ Jerry
V. Swank
|
|
Sole Trustee
|
|
May 25, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Jerry
V. Swank
|
|
President and Chief
Executive Officer
|
|
May 25, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Mark
W. Fordyce
|
|
Treasurer, Secretary, Chief
Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer
|
|
May 25, 2007
|
INDEX TO
EXHIBITS
|
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
|
Exhibit Name
|
|
|
2(a)
|
|
|
Declaration of Trust
|
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