e497
Rule 497(e)
File No. 333-154880
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
(To Prospectus dated February 9, 2009)
250,000 Common Shares
The Cushing MLP Total Return
Fund
Common
Shares of Beneficial Interest
We are offering for sale 250,000 shares of our common
shares. Our common shares are traded on the New York Stock
Exchange (the NYSE) under the symbol
SRV. The last reported sale price for our common
shares on December 30, 2009 was $8.40 per share.
You should review the information set forth under
Principal Risks of the Fund on page 44 of the
accompanying Prospectus before investing in our common shares.
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Per Share
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Total(1)
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Public offering price
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$
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7.56
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$
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1,890,000
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(1) |
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The aggregate expenses of the offering are estimated to be
$35,000, which represents approximately $0.14 per share. |
It is currently anticipated that one or more investors will
participate in the proposed offering of the common shares and
that no underwriters will be involved. The common shares will be
ready for delivery on or about January 5, 2010.
You should read this Prospectus Supplement and the accompanying
Prospectus before deciding whether to invest in our common
shares and retain it for future reference. The Prospectus
Supplement and the accompanying Prospectus contain important
information about us. Material that has been incorporated by
reference and other information about us can be obtained from us
by calling (800) 662-7232 or from the Securities and
Exchange Commissions (SEC) website
(http://www.sec.gov).
Neither the SEC nor any state securities commission has
approved or disapproved these securities or determined if this
Prospectus Supplement is truthful or complete. Any
representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
December 30,
2009
You should rely only on the information contained or
incorporated by reference in this Prospectus Supplement and the
accompanying Prospectus. We have not authorized any other person
to provide you with different information. If anyone provides
you with different or inconsistent information, you should not
rely on it. We are not making an offer to sell these securities
in any jurisdiction in which the offer or sale is not permitted.
In this Prospectus Supplement and in the accompanying
Prospectus, unless otherwise indicated, Fund,
us, our and we refer to The
Cushing MLP Total Return Fund. This Prospectus Supplement may
also include trademarks owned by other persons.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Prospectus
Supplement
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Page
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S-1
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S-2
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S-2
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S-3
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S-3
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S-3
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Prospectus
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1
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29
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S-ii
SUMMARY
OF FUND EXPENSES
The following tables are intended to assist you in understanding
the various costs and expenses directly or indirectly associated
with investing in our common shares as a percentage of net
assets attributable to common shares. Amounts are for the
current fiscal year after giving effect to anticipated net
proceeds of the offering, assuming that we incur the estimated
offering expenses.
The following table assumes the Fund has borrowed in the amount
equal to
331/3%
of the Funds Managed Assets (i.e., 50% of its net
assets attributable to the Funds common shares) and shows
the Funds expenses as a percentage of net assets
attributable to its common shares.
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Shareholder Transaction Expenses:
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Sales Load Paid by Investors (as a percentage of offering price)
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0
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%
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Offering Expenses Borne by the Fund (as a percentage of offering
price)(1)
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1.85
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%
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Dividend Reinvestment Plan Fees(2)
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Percentage of Net Assets Attributable to Common Shares
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(Assumes Leverage is Used)(3)(4)
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Annual Expenses:
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Management Fees(5)
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1.88
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%
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Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds(3)
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0.33
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%
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Other Expenses(6)
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1.70
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%
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Total Annual Expenses
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3.91
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%
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(1) |
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Amount reflects estimated offering expenses of $35,000 borne by
the Fund. |
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(2) |
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Investors who hold shares in a dividend reinvestment account and
request a sale of shares through the dividend reinvestment plan
agent are subject to a $15.00 sales fee and pay a brokerage
commission of $0.12 per share sold. |
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(3) |
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Assumes a cost on leveraging of 0.65%. This rate is an estimate
and may differ based on varying market conditions that may exist
when Leverage Instruments, as such term is defined on
page 8 of the accompanying Prospectus, are issued or other
borrowing commences and depending on the type of leverage used.
If the Fund leverages in an amount greater than
331/3%
of Managed Assets, this amount could increase. |
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(4) |
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The Fund currently borrows money, however, at times the Fund may
not borrow or otherwise use leverage. Consequently, the table
presented below in this footnote also shows the Funds
expenses as a percentage of the same amount of net assets
attributable to its common shares, but unlike the table above,
assumes that the Fund does not borrow money. Consequently, the
table below does not reflect any interest on borrowed funds or
other costs and expenses of borrowing. The footnotes used in the
table below correspond to the footnotes appearing below this
footnote (4). In accordance with these assumptions, the
Funds expenses would be as follows: |
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Percentage of Net Assets Attributable to Common Shares
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(Assumes No Leverage is Used)
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Annual Expenses:
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Management Fees(5)
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1.25
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%
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Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds
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None
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Other Expenses(6)
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1.60
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%
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Total Annual Expenses
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2.85
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%
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(5) |
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Swank Energy Income Advisors, LP (the Investment
Adviser) has reduced temporarily the management fee from
1.25% to 1.00% of the average weekly value of the Funds
Managed Assets. The Investment Adviser is not obligated to do
so, however, and the fee reduction may be discontinued at any
time. Because holders of any Leverage Instruments do not bear
management fees, the cost to shareholders increases as leverage
increases. |
S-1
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(6) |
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The costs of this offering are not included as an Annual Expense
in the expenses shown in this table, but are included in the
Shareholder Transaction Expense table above. Other
Expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current
fiscal year, and include the following expenses associated with
dividends paid on short sales: 0.016% (assuming leverage is
used) and 0.01% (assuming no leverage is used). Please see
footnote (1) above. |
The purpose of the table and the example is to assist
prospective investors in understanding the various costs and
expenses that an investor in the Fund will bear directly or
indirectly.
Example
As required by relevant SEC regulations, the following example
illustrates the expenses (including the estimated offering
expenses) that an investor would pay on a $1,000 investment in
the Funds common shares, assuming total annual expenses of
3.91% of net assets attributable to the Funds common
shares, a 0% sales load, the Fund issues Leverage Instruments in
an amount equal to
331/3%
of Managed Assets (i.e., 50% of net assets attributable
to the Funds common shares), and a 5% annual return:
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1 Year
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3 Years
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5 Years
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10 Years
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$39
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$119
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$201
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$413
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THE EXAMPLE SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED A REPRESENTATION OF FUTURE
EXPENSES OR RETURNS. ACTUAL EXPENSES MAY BE GREATER OR LESS THAN
THOSE SHOWN. Moreover, the Funds actual rate of return may
be greater or less than the hypothetical 5% return shown in the
example. The example assumes that the estimated Other
Expenses set out in the Annual Expenses table are accurate
and that all dividends and distributions are reinvested at net
asset value. In the event that the Fund does not use any
leverage, an investor would pay the following expenses based on
the assumptions in the example and total annual expenses of
2.85% of net assets attributable to the Funds Common
Shares: 1 Year, $29; 3 Years, $88; 5 Years, $150;
and 10 Years, $318.
USE OF
PROCEEDS
We estimate the total net proceeds of the offering to be
$1,855,000, based on the public offering price of $7.56 per
share and after deducting estimated offering expenses payable by
us.
The Fund anticipates that it will be able to invest
substantially all of the net proceeds of this offering in
accordance with its investment objective and policies within
approximately two weeks after completion of the offering. Prior
to the time the Fund is fully invested, the proceeds of this
offering may temporarily be invested in cash, cash equivalents,
or in debt securities that are rated AA or higher. Income
received by the Fund from these temporary investments would
likely be less than returns sought pursuant to the Funds
investment objective and policies.
RECENT
DEVELOPMENTS
On February 10, 2009, a class action lawsuit was filed in
the United States District Court, Northern District of Texas, on
behalf of all persons who purchased shares of the Fund between
September 1, 2008 and December 19, 2008, against the Investment
Adviser, Swank Capital, LLC, Jerry V. Swank, Mark W. Fordyce,
Brian R. Bruce, Ronald P. Trout and Edward N. McMillan, alleging
violations of Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 and Section 36(b) of the Investment
Company Act of 1940. The plaintiffs claims relate to the
treatment and valuation of a deferred tax asset carried by the
Fund under FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No.
109 (Accounting for Income Taxes). The plaintiffs seek an
unspecified amount in compensatory damages, actual damages and
fees and expenses incurred in the lawsuit. On July 17,
2009, all defendants filed a motion to dismiss the
plaintiffs amended complaint, arguing that the plaintiffs
had failed to state a claim upon which relief could be granted.
The court has yet to rule on this motion to dismiss.
S-2
PRICE
RANGE OF COMMON SHARES
The following table sets forth for the quarters indicated, the
high and low sale prices on the NYSE per share of our common
shares and the net asset value and the premium or discount from
net asset value per share at which the common shares were
trading, expressed as a percentage of net asset value, at each
of the high and low sale prices provided.
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Corresponding
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Corresponding
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Net Asset Value
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Premium or Discount
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Market Price
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(NAV) per Share
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as a % of NAV
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Quarter Ended
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High
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Low
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High
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Low
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High
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Low
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Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2010
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First Fiscal Quarter (period from December 1, 2009 to
December 30, 2009)
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$
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8.70
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$
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7.33
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$
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6.15
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$
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5.74
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41.46
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%
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27.70
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%
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Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2009
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First Fiscal Quarter
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$
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8.89
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$
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3.55
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$
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7.93
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$
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3.43
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12.11
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%
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3.50
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%
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Second Fiscal Quarter
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$
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6.76
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$
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4.28
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$
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4.78
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$
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3.98
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41.42
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%
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7.54
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%
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Third Fiscal Quarter
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$
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7.50
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$
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5.71
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$
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5.55
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$
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4.73
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35.14
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%
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20.72
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%
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Fourth Fiscal Quarter
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$
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7.61
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$
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5.87
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$
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5.74
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$
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5.18
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32.58
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%
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13.32
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%
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Fiscal Year Ended November 30, 2008
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First Fiscal Quarter
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$
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17.65
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$
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15.00
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$
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18.00
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$
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17.88
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(1.94
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)%
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(16.11
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)%
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Second Fiscal Quarter
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$
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17.98
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$
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15.49
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$
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17.25
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$
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17.34
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4.23
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%
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(10.67
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)%
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Third Fiscal Quarter
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$
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17.96
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$
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15.94
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$
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17.40
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$
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16.80
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3.22
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%
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(5.12
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)%
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Fourth Fiscal Quarter
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$
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17.02
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$
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8.34
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$
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15.58
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$
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10.23
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9.24
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%
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(18.48
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)%
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The last reported price for our common shares on
December 30, 2009 was $8.40 per share. The Funds
common shares have in the past traded below their net asset
value.
PLAN OF
DISTRIBUTION
The common shares will be distributed by the Fund directly to
one or more investors. Under the terms of a purchase agreement
among the Fund and the investors, the investors must pay for the
common shares by January 5, 2010.
The common shares are listed on the NYSE under the symbol
SRV.
LEGAL
MATTERS
Certain legal matters will be passed on by Skadden, Arps, Slate,
Meagher & Flom LLP, New York, New York, counsel
to the Fund, in connection with the offering of the common
shares.
S-3
Base Prospectus dated February 9, 2009
The Cushing MLP Total Return
Fund
80,000,000 COMMON SHARES OF
BENEFICIAL INTEREST
Investment Objective. The Cushing MLP Total
Return Fund (the Fund) was formed as a Delaware
statutory trust on May 23, 2007 and is a non-diversified,
closed-end management investment company. The Funds
investment objective is to obtain a high after-tax total return
from a combination of capital appreciation and current income.
No assurance can be given that the Funds investment
objective will be achieved.
Investment Strategy. The Fund seeks to achieve
its investment objective by investing, under normal market
conditions, at least 80% of its net assets, plus any borrowings
for investment purposes, in master limited partnership
(MLP) investments (the 80% policy).
Entities commonly referred to as MLPs are taxed as
partnerships for federal income tax purposes and are generally
organized under state law as limited partnerships or limited
liability companies. If publicly traded, MLPs must derive at
least 90% of their gross income from qualifying sources as
described in Section 7704 of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986, as amended (the Code). For purposes of the
Funds 80% policy, MLP investments are investments that
offer economic exposure to public and private MLPs in the form
of common or subordinated units issued by MLPs, securities of
entities holding primarily general partner or managing member
interests in MLPs, debt securities of MLPs, and securities that
are derivatives of interests in MLPs, which are I-Shares
(described on page 39 of this base prospectus) and other
derivative securities that have economic characteristics of MLP
securities. The Fund is managed by Swank Energy Income Advisors,
LP (the Investment Adviser).
The Fund seeks to obtain a high after-tax total return through
investments in public and private MLPs that have distribution
growth prospects that, in the Investment Advisers view,
are high relative to comparable MLPs and available unit pricing.
The Fund will be treated as a regular corporation, or
C corporation, for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. The Fund intends to focus its investments in MLPs with
operations in the development, production, processing, refining,
transportation, storage and marketing of natural resources. The
Fund believes that, as a result of the tax characterization of
cash distributions made by MLPs to their investors (such as the
Fund), a significant portion of the Funds income will be
tax-deferred, which will allow distributions by the Fund to its
shareholders to include tax-deferred income; however, there can
be no assurance in this regard. If this expectation is not
realized, the Fund will have a larger corporate income tax
expense than expected, which will result in less cash available
to distribute to shareholders. The Fund expects to make equity
investments in a mix of publicly traded securities and
non-readily marketable securities that may be issued by public
or private companies. The Fund will seek to hedge certain risks
such as overall market, interest rate and commodity price risk.
The Fund will generally seek to invest in 20 to 30 issuers with
generally no more than 10% of Managed Assets (as defined below)
in any one issue and no more than 15% of Managed Assets in any
one issuer (for purposes of this limit, an issuer
includes both an MLP and its controlling general partner or
managing member), in each case, determined at the time of
investment. Among other things, the Investment Adviser will use
fundamental, proprietary research to seek to identify the most
attractive MLPs with strong fundamental growth prospects and
will seek to invest in initial public offerings
(IPOs) and secondary market issuances, private
investment in public equity (PIPE) transactions and
private transactions, including pre-acquisition and pre-IPO
equity issuances and investments in private companies.
Generally, no more than 50% of the Funds portfolio will be
in PIPE or other private or restricted securities at the time of
investment.
As used in this base prospectus (the Prospectus),
Managed Assets means the total assets of the Fund,
minus all accrued expenses incurred in the normal course of
operations other than liabilities or obligations attributable to
investment leverage, including, without limitation, investment
leverage obtained through (i) indebtedness of any type
(including, without limitation, borrowing through a credit
facility or the issuance of debt securities), (ii) the
issuance of shares of preferred stock or other similar
preference securities
and/or
(iii) the reinvestment of collateral received for
securities loaned in accordance with the Funds investment
objective and policies.
Our common shares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange
under the symbol SRV. On February 4, 2009, the
last reported sale price of our common shares was $6.07.
The Fund may offer, from time to time, in one or more offerings,
common shares of beneficial interest (common
shares), each having a par value of $0.001 per share.
Common shares may be offered at prices and on terms to be set
forth in one or more supplements to this Prospectus (each a
Prospectus Supplement). You should read this
Prospectus and the applicable Prospectus Supplement carefully
before you invest in our common shares.
Common shares may be offered directly to one or more purchasers,
through agents designated from time to time by the Fund, or to
or through underwriters or dealers. The Prospectus Supplement
relating to the offering will identify any agents or
underwriters involved in the sale of common shares and will set
forth any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount
arrangement between us and our agents or underwriters, or among
our underwriters, or the basis upon which such amount may be
calculated. We may not sell any of our shares through agents,
underwriters or dealers without delivery of a Prospectus
Supplement describing the method and terms of the particular
offering of our common shares.
Investment in the Funds common shares involves
substantial risks arising from the Funds policy of
investing in the securities of MLPs, its concentration in the
natural resources sector and its use of leverage. Before buying
any of the Funds common shares, you should read the
discussion of the material risks of investing in the Fund in
Principal Risks of the Fund beginning on
page 44 of this Prospectus.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission (the
SEC) nor any state securities commission has
approved or disapproved these securities or determined if this
Prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the
contrary is a criminal offense. This Prospectus may not be used
to consummate sales of shares by us through agents, underwriters
or dealers unless accompanied by a Prospectus Supplement.
Please read this Prospectus carefully before deciding whether to
invest and retain it for future reference. This Prospectus
contains all information required to be in the Funds
Statement of Additional Information. This Prospectus sets forth
concisely the information about the Fund that a prospective
investor ought to know before investing in the Fund. Copies of
the Funds annual and semi-annual reports may be obtained
upon request, without charge, by calling toll-free
(800) 662-7232
and also will be made available on the Funds website at
www.swankcapital.com. You may also call this toll-free telephone
number to request other information about the Fund or to make
shareholder inquiries. Information on, or accessible through,
the Funds website is not a part of, and is not
incorporated into, this Prospectus. The SEC maintains an
internet website (www.sec.gov) that contains other information
regarding the Fund.
The Funds common shares do not represent a deposit or
obligation of, and are not guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank
or other insured depositary institution, and are not federally
insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the
Federal Reserve Board or any other government agency.
Prospective investors should rely only on the information
contained or incorporated by reference in this Prospectus. The
Fund has not authorized any other person to provide investors
with different information. If anyone provides an investor with
different or inconsistent information, the investor should not
rely on it. The Fund is not making an offer to sell these
securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not
permitted. Prospective investors should assume that the
information appearing in this Prospectus is accurate only as of
the date on the front cover of this Prospectus. The Funds
business, financial condition, results of operations and
prospects may have changed since that date.
ii
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
You should rely only on the information contained in this
Prospectus and the accompanying Prospectus Supplement. We have
not authorized anyone to provide you with additional
information, or information different from that contained in
this Prospectus and the accompanying Prospectus Supplement. If
anyone provides you with different or additional information,
you should not rely on it. We are offering to sell, and seeking
offers to buy, common shares only in jurisdictions where offers
and sales are permitted. The information contained, or
incorporated by reference, in this Prospectus and the
accompanying Prospectus Supplement is accurate only as of the
date of this Prospectus and such Prospectus Supplement. We will
update these documents to reflect material changes as required
by law. Our business, financial condition, results of operations
and prospects may have changed since then.
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1
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29
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31
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32
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32
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72
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80
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81
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90
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90
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90
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90
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91
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iii
PROSPECTUS
SUMMARY
This is only a summary. This summary does not contain all of
the information that an investor should consider before
investing in the Funds common shares. You should review
the more detailed information contained in this base prospectus
(the Prospectus). In particular, you should
carefully read the risks of investing in the common shares, as
discussed under Principal Risks of the Fund.
|
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The Fund |
|
The Cushing MLP Total Return Fund was formed as a Delaware
statutory trust on May 23, 2007 and is a non-diversified,
closed-end management investment company registered under the
Investment Company Act of 1940 (the 1940 Act).
Throughout the Prospectus, The Cushing MLP Total Return Fund is
referred to simply as the Fund or as we,
us or our. See The Fund. |
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The Offering |
|
The Fund may offer, from time to time, in one or more offerings,
common shares of beneficial interest, $0.001 par value per
share. The common shares of beneficial interest are called
common shares in the rest of this Prospectus. The
common shares may be offered at prices and on terms to be set
forth in one or more supplements to this Prospectus (each, a
Prospectus Supplement). The offering price per share
of our common shares will not be less than the net asset value
per share of our common shares at the time we make the offering,
exclusive of any underwriting commissions or discounts. You
should read this Prospectus and the applicable Prospectus
Supplement carefully before you invest in our common shares.
Common shares may be offered directly to one or more purchasers,
through agents designated from time to time by us or to or
through underwriters or dealers. The Prospectus Supplement
relating to the offering will identify any agents, underwriters
or dealers involved in the sale of our shares, and will set
forth any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount
arrangement between us and our agents or underwriters, or among
our underwriters, or the basis upon which such amount may be
calculated. We may not sell any of our common shares through
agents, underwriters or dealers without delivery of a Prospectus
Supplement describing the method and terms of the particular
offering of our common shares. |
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NYSE Listed |
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The Funds common shares are listed for trading on the New
York Stock Exchange (the NYSE), under the symbol
SRV. As of February 4, 2009, the last reported
sale price of the Funds common shares on the NYSE was
$6.07. |
|
Who May Want to Invest |
|
Investors should consider their own investment goals, time
horizon and risk tolerance before investing in the Fund. An
investment in the Fund may not be appropriate for all investors
and is not intended to be a complete investment program. The
Fund may be an appropriate investment for you if you are seeking: |
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The opportunity for an attractive total return
through capital appreciation and current income, in a fund
managed by an experienced team of portfolio and investment
professionals.
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Low correlation with broader equity or fixed
income markets.
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Exposure to a growing sub-sector of the
natural resources universe, which sub-sector benefits from a
tax-advantaged structure and which owns and operates integral
infrastructure energy
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assets that are essential in meeting the growing demand from
energy producers and consumers. |
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Access through a single investment vehicle to
a portfolio of public, private investment in public equity
(PIPE), and private securities issued by master
limited partnerships (MLPs) and securities of other
companies that are generally engaged in the same lines of
business as those in which MLPs engage (Other Natural
Resources Companies) (not otherwise available to the
general public) researched and sourced by experienced investment
professionals at Swank Energy Income Advisors, LP. (the
Investment Adviser).
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However, an investment in the Fund involves certain associated
investment risks. See Principal Risks of the Fund. |
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An Investment in the Fund vs. Direct Investment in MLPs |
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The Investment Adviser believes that an investment in the Fund
has certain advantages over direct investment in MLPs, such as: |
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Exposure to the MLP asset class through an
investment vehicle that will provide common shareholders with a
single Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
form 1099. Direct investors in MLPs receive an IRS
schedule K-1
from each MLP in which they invest.
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Access to an investment vehicle that will not
require shareholders to file state income tax returns in any
state in which such investor is not otherwise required to file a
tax return. Direct investors in an MLP are considered limited
partners and may be required to file state income tax returns in
each state in which the MLP operates.
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Ability for the Funds common
shareholders that are tax-exempt investors to avoid having the
Funds distributions classified as unrelated business
taxable income (UBTI), unless such investors
common shares are debt-financed. A portion of income received by
tax-exempt investors directly from MLPs is generally treated as
UBTI.
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Ability for
non-U.S.
shareholders to avoid being directly subject to regular net
based U.S. federal income tax and return filing requirements
with respect to investments in MLPs, provided such
non-U.S.
shareholders investment in the Fund is not effectively
connected with the conduct of a trade or business in the United
States by such shareholder.
Non-U.S.
shareholders would generally be subject to regular net based
U.S. federal income tax on income from direct investments in
MLPs treated as effectively connected with a U.S. trade or
business.
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Ability for the Funds common
shareholders to not be limited by the provisions of the Internal
Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, (the Code)
containing the passive activity loss rules with respect to any
losses resulting from the purchase and sale of common shares,
because the Fund is taxed as a corporation. The passive activity
loss rules limit the ability of certain direct
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investors in MLPs to use their allocable share of any losses
generated by an MLP to offset income from other activities. |
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Investment Objective and Policies |
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The Funds investment objective is to obtain a high
after-tax total return from a combination of capital
appreciation and current income. The Fund seeks to achieve its
investment objective by investing, under normal market
conditions, at least 80% of its net assets, plus any borrowings
for investment purposes, in MLP investments (the 80%
policy). There can be no assurance that the Funds
investment objective will be achieved. The Fund intends to focus
its investments in MLPs with operations in the development,
production, processing, refining, transportation, storage and
marketing of natural resources. |
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The Fund generally will generally seek to invest in 20 to 30
issuers with generally no more than 10% of Managed Assets (as
defined below) in any one issue and no more than 15% of Managed
Assets in any one issuer (for purposes of this limitation, an
issuer includes both the MLP or limited liability
company, as well as its controlling general partner or managing
member), in each case, determined at the time of investment. For
purposes of this calculation, an issue is a class of
an issuers securities or a derivative security that tracks
that class of securities. Among other things, the Investment
Adviser will use fundamental and proprietary research to seek to
identify the most attractive MLPs and will seek to invest in
MLPs that have distribution growth prospects that, in the
Investment Advisers view, are high relative to comparable
MLPs and that are not fully reflected in current pricing. The
Investment Adviser believes that the MLPs most likely to offer
such attractive investment characteristics are those that are
relatively small and have proven and motivated management teams
that are able to develop projects organically
(greenfield or internally developed) and/or to
successfully identify, acquire and integrate assets and
companies that enhance value to shareholders. As part of the
Funds 80% policy, the Investment Adviser will also seek to
invest in MLPs or other entities that hold the general partner
or managing member interest and incentive distribution rights in
MLPs (GP MLPs). The Investment Adviser believes the
distribution growth prospects of many GP MLPs are high relative
to many other MLPs, and the Investment Adviser will seek to
invest in GP MLPs in which the Investment Adviser believes that
such growth is not fully reflected in current pricing. Like MLPs
with strong distribution growth prospects, GP MLPs with strong
growth prospects often trade at prices that result in relatively
low current yields. Since the Investment Adviser will seek to
maximize total return through a focus on MLPs and GP MLPs with
strong distribution growth prospects, the Investment Adviser
believes the distribution yield of the Fund will be lower than
it would be under a more diversified investment approach. |
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As used in this Prospectus, Managed Assets means the
total assets of the Fund, minus all accrued expenses incurred in
the normal course of operations other than liabilities or
obligations attributable to investment leverage, including,
without limitation, |
3
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investment leverage obtained through(i) indebtedness of any
type (including, without limitation, borrowing through a credit
facility or the issuance of debt securities), (ii) the
issuance of shares of preferred stock (preferred
shares) or other similar preference securities and/or
(iii) the reinvestment of collateral received for
securities loaned in accordance with the Funds investment
objective and policies. |
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The Investment Adviser will seek to invest in initial public
offerings (IPOs) and secondary market issuances,
PIPE transactions and privately negotiated transactions,
including pre-acquisition and pre-IPO equity issuances and
investments in private companies. See Investment Objective
and Policies. |
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The Funds investment objective and percentage parameters,
including its 80% MLP investment policy, are not fundamental
policies of the Fund and may be changed without shareholder
approval. Shareholders, however, will be notified in writing of
any change at least 60 days prior to effecting any such
change. |
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The Funds Investments |
|
MLPs |
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Master limited partnerships are formed as limited partnerships
or limited liability companies and taxed as partnerships for
federal income tax purposes. The securities issued by many MLPs
are listed and traded on a U.S. exchange. An MLP typically
issues general partner and limited partner interests or managing
member and member interests. The general partner or managing
member manages and often controls, has an ownership stake in,
and is normally eligible to receive incentive distribution
payments from, the MLP. To be treated as a partnership for U.S.
federal income tax purposes, an MLP must derive at least 90% of
its gross income for each taxable year from qualifying sources
as described in Section 7704 of the Code. These qualifying
sources include natural resources-based activities such as the
exploration, development, mining, production, processing,
refining, transportation, storage and certain marketing of
mineral or natural resources. The general partner or managing
member may be structured as a private or publicly-traded
corporation or other entity. The general partner or managing
member typically controls the operations and management of the
entity through an up to 2% general partner or managing member
interest in the entity plus, in many cases, ownership of some
percentage of the outstanding limited partner or member
interests. The limited partners or members, through their
ownership of limited partner or member interests, provide
capital to the entity, are intended to have no role in the
operation and management of the entity and receive cash
distributions. Due to their structure as partnerships for U.S.
federal income tax purposes and the expected character of their
income, MLPs generally do not pay federal income taxes. Thus,
unlike investors in corporate securities, direct MLP investors
are generally not subject to double taxation (i.e.,
corporate level tax and tax on corporate dividends). Currently,
most MLPs operate in the energy and midstream, natural
resources, shipping or real estate sectors. |
4
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MLP Equity Securities |
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Equity securities issued by MLPs typically consist of common and
subordinated units (which represent the limited partner or
member interests) and a general partner or managing member
interest. See The Funds Investments. |
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I-Shares |
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I-Shares represent an ownership interest issued by an MLP
affiliate. The MLP affiliate uses the proceeds from the sale of
I-Shares to purchase limited partnership interests in the MLP in
the form of
I-units.
Thus, I-Shares represent an indirect limited partner interest in
the MLP.
I-units have
features similar to MLP common units in terms of voting rights,
liquidation preference and distribution.
I-Shares
differ from MLP common units primarily in that instead of
receiving cash distributions, holders of I-Shares will receive
distributions of additional I-Shares in an amount equal to the
cash distributions received by common unit holders. I-shares are
traded on the NYSE or the AMEX. |
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Other Equity Securities |
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|
The Fund may invest in equity securities of issuers other than
MLPs, including common stocks of Other Natural Resources
Companies and issuers engaged in other sectors, including the
finance and real estate sectors. Such issuers may be organized
and/or taxed as corporations and therefore may not offer the
advantageous tax characteristics of MLP units. |
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Debt Securities |
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The Fund may invest in debt securities rated, at the time of
investment, at least(i) B3 by Moodys Investors
Service, Inc. (Moodys), (ii) B- by
Standard & Poors (S&P) or Fitch
Ratings (Fitch), or (iii) a comparable rating
by another rating agency, provided, however, that the Fund may
invest up to 5% of the Funds Managed Assets in lower rated
or unrated debt securities. Debt securities rated below
investment grade are commonly known as junk bonds
and are regarded as predominantly speculative with respect to
the issuers capacity to pay interest and repay principal
in accordance with the terms of the obligations, and involve
major risk exposure to adverse conditions. |
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Non-U.S.
Securities |
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|
The Fund may invest in
non-U.S.
securities, including, among other things,
non-U.S.
securities represented by American Depositary Receipts or
ADRs. ADRs are certificates evidencing ownership of
shares of a
non-U.S.
issuer that are issued by depositary banks and generally trade
on an established market in the United States or elsewhere. |
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See The Funds Investments. |
|
Investment Characteristics |
|
The Investment Adviser believes that the following
characteristics of MLPs make them attractive investments: |
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Many MLPs are utility-like in nature and have
relatively stable, predictable cash flows.
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5
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MLPs provide services which help meet the
largely inelastic demand of U.S. energy consumers.
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Transportation assets in the interstate and
intrastate pipeline sector are typically backed by relatively
long-term contracts and stable transportation rates (or tariffs)
that are regulated by the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory
Commission (FERC) or by state regulatory commissions.
|
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High barriers to entry may protect the
business model of some MLPs, since construction of the physical
assets typically owned by these MLPs generally requires
significant capital expenditures and long lead times.
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As the location and quality of natural
resources supplies change, new midstream infrastructure such as
gathering and transportation pipelines, treating and processing
facilities, and storage facilities is needed to meet these new
logistical needs. Similarly, as the demographics of demand
centers change, new infrastructure is often needed. MLPs are
integral providers of these midstream needs.
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|
Requirements for new and additional
transportation fuel compositions (e.g., reduced sulfur
diesel and ethanol blends) require additional logistical assets.
MLPs are integral providers of these logistical needs.
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|
Midstream assets are typically long-lived and
tend to retain their economic value, and the risk of
technological obsolescence is low.
|
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|
MLPs are pass-through entities and
do not pay federal income taxes at the entity level. In general,
a portion of their distributions are treated as a return of
capital (that is, a payback of invested capital).
|
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|
In addition to their growth potential, MLP
investments are currently offering higher yields than some
investments, such as utilities and real estate investment trusts
(REITs). Of course, there can be no guarantee that
the MLP investments in the Funds portfolio will generate
higher yields than these other asset classes, and since the
Investment Adviser will seek to maximize total return through a
focus on MLPs and GP MLPs with strong distribution growth
prospects, the Investment Adviser believes the distribution
yield of the Fund will be lower than it would be under a more
diversified investment approach.
|
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|
An investment in MLPs also involves risks, some of which are
described below under Principal Risks of the Fund. |
|
Investment Adviser |
|
The Funds investments are managed by its Investment
Adviser, Swank Energy Income Advisors, LP, whose principal
business address is 3300 Oak Lawn Avenue, Suite 650,
Dallas, Texas 75219. The Investment Adviser is also investment
adviser to the private managed accounts (Affiliated
Funds), which invest primarily in securities of MLPs and
Other Natural Resources Companies and global commodities. Since
2003, the Investment Adviser has |
6
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managed the Affiliated Funds with a focus on achieving a high
after-tax total return from a combination of capital
appreciation and current income (as opposed to relative
performance against a benchmark index). The Investment Adviser
seeks to identify and exploit investment niches it believes are
generally less understood and less followed by the broader
investor community. |
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|
The Fund has agreed to pay the Investment Adviser, as
compensation for the services rendered by it, a monthly
management fee at an annual rate of 1.25% of the average weekly
value of the Funds Managed Assets. See Management of
the Fund Investment Management Agreement. |
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Competitive Strengths |
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|
The Investment Adviser considers itself one of the principal
professional institutional investors in the MLP space based on
the following: |
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An investment team with extensive experience
in MLP analysis and investment, portfolio management, risk
management, and private securities transactions.
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A focus on
bottom-up,
fundamental analysis performed by its experienced investment
team.
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The investment teams wide range of
professional backgrounds, market knowledge, industry
relationships, and experience in the analysis, financing, and
structuring of MLP investments give the Investment Adviser
insight into, and the ability to identify and capitalize on,
investment opportunities in MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies.
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Its central location in Dallas, Texas and
proximity to major players and assets in the MLP space.
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Administrator |
|
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services, LLC (the
Administrator) will provide the Fund with
administrative services. The Administrator also performs fund
accounting. See Other Service Providers. |
|
Distributions |
|
The Fund intends to make regular quarterly cash distributions of
all or a portion of its income to its common shareholders. |
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The Fund anticipates that, due to the tax characterization of
cash distributions made by MLPs, a significant portion of the
Funds distributions to common shareholders will consist of
tax-advantaged return of capital for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. In general, a distribution will constitute a return of
capital to a common shareholder, rather than a dividend, to the
extent such distribution exceeds the Funds current and
accumulated earnings and profits. The portion of any
distribution treated as a return of capital will not be subject
to tax currently, but will result in a corresponding reduction
in a shareholders basis in our common shares and in the
shareholders recognizing more gain or less loss (that is,
will result in an increase of a shareholders tax
liability) when the shareholder later sells or exchanges our
common shares. Dividends in excess of a shareholders
adjusted tax basis in its shares are generally treated as
capital gains. To permit it to maintain a more |
7
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stable quarterly distribution rate, the Fund may distribute less
or more than the entire amount of cash it receives from its
investments in a particular period. Any undistributed cash would
be available to supplement future distributions, and until
distributed would add to the Funds net asset value.
Correspondingly, such amounts, once distributed, will be
deducted from the Funds net asset value. See
Distributions and Dividend Reinvestment
Plan. |
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Shareholders will automatically have all distributions
reinvested in common shares issued by the Fund or common shares
of the Fund purchased on the open market in accordance with the
Funds dividend reinvestment plan unless an election is
made to receive cash. See Distributions and
Dividend Reinvestment Plan. |
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Common shareholders who receive dividends in the form of
additional common shares will be subject to the same U.S.
federal, state and local tax consequences as common shareholders
who elect to receive their dividends in cash. |
|
Use of Leverage |
|
On October 19, 2007, the Fund entered into a
fully-collateralized borrowing arrangement with Credit Suisse.
Proceeds from the borrowing arrangement are used to execute the
Funds investment objective. The borrowing arrangement is
collateralized with investments held in a segregated account for
the benefit of Credit Suisse at the Funds custodian, which
collateral exceeds the amount borrowed. |
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|
The Fund may also seek to enhance its total returns through the
issuance of preferred shares and other commercial paper or notes
and other forms of borrowing (each, a Leverage
Instrument and collectively, Leverage
Instruments), in each case within the applicable limits of
the 1940 Act. The Fund may also borrow under certain
privately-arranged, temporary or fully-collaterized and
segregated borrowing arrangements, but such arrangements are not
deemed leverage under the 1940 Act and thus are not included
within the term Leverage Instruments. The Fund may
leverage through these Leverage Instruments in an aggregate
amount of up to approximately
331/3%
of its Managed Assets (i.e., 50% of its net assets
attributable to the Funds common shares). |
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The Fund may leverage through the issuance of preferred shares
or other means, and at such times total leverage of the Fund is
generally expected to be in the range of 20% to 50% of the
Funds Managed Assets, including any borrowings for
investment purposes (i.e., 25% to 100% of its net assets
attributable to the Funds common shares). The Fund may
borrow from banks and other financial institutions. |
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To the extent the Fund borrows, the Fund will create financial
leverage. It will do so only when it expects to be able to
invest the proceeds at a higher rate of return than its cost of
borrowing. |
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The use of leverage for investment purposes creates
opportunities for greater total returns, but at the same time
increases risk. When leverage is employed, the net asset value,
market price of the common shares and the yield to holders of
common shares may be |
8
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more volatile. Any investment income or gains earned with
respect to the amounts borrowed in excess of the interest due on
the borrowing will augment the Funds income. Conversely,
if the investment performance with respect to the amounts
borrowed fails to cover the interest on such borrowings, the
value of the Funds common shares may decrease more quickly
than would otherwise be the case, and distributions on the
common shares would be reduced or eliminated. Interest payments
and fees incurred in connection with such borrowings will reduce
the amount of net income available for distribution to common
shareholders. |
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Because the investment management fee paid to the Investment
Adviser is calculated on the basis of the Funds Managed
Assets, which include the proceeds of leverage, the dollar
amount of the management fee paid by the Fund to the Investment
Adviser will be higher (and the Investment Adviser will be
benefited to that extent) when leverage is utilized. The
Investment Adviser will utilize leverage only if it believes
such action would result in a net benefit to the Funds
shareholders after taking into account the higher fees and
expenses associated with leverage (including higher management
fees). See The Funds Investments Use of
Leverage. |
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The Funds leveraging strategy may not be successful. See
Principal Risks of the Fund Leverage
Risk. |
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Tax Treatment of the Fund |
|
The Fund will be treated as a regular corporation, or
C corporation, for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
Accordingly, the Fund generally will be subject to U.S. federal
income tax on its taxable income at the graduated rates
applicable to corporations (currently at a maximum rate of 35%).
In addition, as a regular corporation, the Fund may be subject
to state income tax by reason of its investments in equity
securities of MLPs. The Fund may be subject to a 20% alternative
minimum tax on its alternative minimum taxable income to the
extent that the alternative minimum tax exceeds the Funds
regular income tax liability. The Funds payments of U.S.
corporate income tax or alternative minimum tax could materially
reduce the amount of cash available for the Fund to make
distributions on the shares. In addition, distributions to
shareholders of the Fund will be taxed under federal income tax
laws applicable to corporate distributions, and thus at least a
significant portion of the Funds taxable income may be
subject to a double layer of taxation. See Tax
Matters. |
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Principal Risks of the Fund |
|
General |
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Risk is inherent in all investing. The following discussion
summarizes some of the risks that a potential investor should
consider before deciding to purchase the Funds common
shares. |
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Limited Operating and Trading History. The
Fund was formed as a Delaware statutory trust on May 23,
2007 and is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment
company. The Fund commenced operations on August 27, 2007.
Being a recently organized company, the Fund is subject to all
of the business risks and uncertainties associated with any new
business, including the risk that |
9
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the Fund will not achieve its investment objective and that the
value of an investment in the Fund could decline substantially.
See Principal Risks of the Fund
General Limited Operating and Trading History. |
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Investment and Market Risk. An investment in
the Funds common shares is subject to investment risk,
including the possible loss of an investors entire
investment. The Funds common shares at any point in time
may be worth less than at the time of original investment, even
after taking into account the reinvestment of the Funds
dividends. The Fund is primarily a long-term investment vehicle
and should not be used for short-term trading. An investment in
the Funds common shares is not intended to constitute a
complete investment program and should not be viewed as such.
See Principal Risks of the Fund
General Investment and Market Risk. |
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Market Discount From Net Asset Value
Risk. Shares of closed-end funds frequently trade
at discounts to their net asset value. This characteristic is a
risk separate and distinct from the risk that the Funds
net asset value could decrease as a result of its investment
activities and creates a risk of loss for investors purchasing
common shares at net asset value in a public offering. The net
asset value of the Funds common shares will be reduced
immediately following the offering as a result of the payment of
certain offering costs. Although the value of the Funds
net assets is generally considered by market participants in
determining whether to purchase or sell shares, whether
investors will realize gains or losses upon the sale of the
Funds common shares will depend entirely upon whether the
market price of its common shares at the time of sale is above
or below the investors purchase price for the Funds
common shares. The Funds common shares have in the past
traded below their net asset value. See Principal Risks of
the Fund General Market Discount from
Net Asset Value Risk. |
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Sector Concentration Risk |
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Under normal market conditions and once the proceeds of each
offering are fully invested in accordance with its investment
objective, the Fund will have at least 80% of its net assets,
plus any borrowings for investment purposes, invested in MLP
investments, which operate primarily in the natural resources
sector. There are risks inherent in the natural resources sector
and the businesses of MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies, including those described below. See Principal
Risks of the Fund Sector Concentration Risk. |
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MLP and Other Natural Resources Company Risks |
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Commodity Price Risk. Natural resources
commodity prices have been very volatile in the past and such
volatility is expected to continue. MLPs and Other Natural
Resources Companies engaged in crude oil and natural gas
exploration, development or production, natural gas gathering
and processing, crude oil refining and transportation and coal
mining or sales may be directly affected by their respective
natural resources commodity prices. The volatility of, |
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and interrelationships between, commodity prices can also
indirectly affect certain MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies due to the potential impact on the volume of
commodities transported, processed, stored or distributed. Some
MLPs or Other Natural Resources Companies that own the
underlying energy commodity may be unable to effectively
mitigate or manage direct margin exposure to commodity price
levels. The prices of MLP and Other Natural Resources
Companies securities can be adversely affected by market
perceptions that their performance and distributions or
dividends are directly tied to commodity prices. See
Principal Risks of the Fund MLP and Other
Natural Resources Company Risks Commodity Price
Risk. |
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Cyclicality Risk. The highly cyclical nature
of the natural resources sector may adversely affect the
earnings or operating cash flows of the MLPs and Other Natural
Resources Companies in which the Fund will invest. See
Principal Risks of the Fund MLP and Other
Natural Resources Company Risks Cyclicality
Risk. |
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Supply Risk. A significant decrease in the
production of natural gas, crude oil, coal or other energy
commodities, due to the decline of production from existing
resources, import supply disruption, depressed commodity prices
or otherwise, would reduce the revenue, operating income and
operating cash flows of MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies and, therefore, their ability to make distributions or
pay dividends. See Principal Risks of the Fund
MLP and Other Natural Resources Company Risks Supply
Risk. |
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Demand Risk. A sustained decline in demand for
coal, natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil and refined
petroleum products could adversely affect an MLPs or an
Other Natural Resources Companys revenues and cash flows.
See Principal Risks of the Fund MLP and Other
Natural Resources Company Risks Demand Risk. |
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Risks Relating to Expansions and
Acquisitions. MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies employ a variety of means to increase cash flow,
including increasing utilization of existing facilities,
expanding operations through new construction or development
activities, expanding operations through acquisitions, or
securing additional long-term contracts. Thus, some MLPs or
Other Natural Resources Companies may be subject to construction
risk, development risk, acquisition risk or other risks arising
from their specific business strategies. MLPs and Other Natural
Resources Companies that attempt to grow through acquisitions
may not be able to effectively integrate acquired operations
with their existing operations. See Principal Risks of the
Fund MLP and Other Natural Resources Company
Risks Risks Relating to Expansions and
Acquisitions. |
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Competition Risk. The natural resources sector
is highly competitive. To the extent that the MLPs and Other
Natural Resources Companies in which the Fund will invest are
unable to compete |
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effectively, their operating results, financial position, growth
potential and cash flows may be adversely affected, which could
in turn adversely affect the results of the Fund. See
Principal Risks of the Fund MLP and Other
Natural Resources Company Risks Competition
Risk. |
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Weather Risk. Extreme weather conditions, such
as Hurricane Ivan in 2004, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005
and Hurricane Ike in 2008, could result in substantial damage to
the facilities of certain MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies located in the affected areas and significant
volatility in the supply of natural resources, commodity prices
and the earnings of MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies,
and could therefore adversely affect their securities.
Principal Risks of the Fund MLP and Other
Natural Resources Company Risks Weather Risk. |
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Interest Rate Risk. The prices of the equity
and debt securities of the MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies the Fund expects to hold in its portfolio are
susceptible in the short term to a decline when interest rates
rise. Rising interest rates could limit the capital appreciation
of securities of certain MLPs as a result of the increased
availability of alternative investments with yields comparable
to those of MLPs. Rising interest rates could adversely impact
the financial performance of MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies by increasing their cost of capital. This may reduce
their ability to execute acquisitions or expansion projects in a
cost effective manner. Principal Risks of the
Fund MLP and Other Natural Resources Company
Risks Interest Rate Risk. |
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MLP Structure Risk. Holders of MLP units are
subject to certain risks inherent in the structure of MLPs,
including(i) tax risks (described further below),
(ii) the limited ability to elect or remove management or
the general partner or managing member (iii) limited voting
rights, except with respect to extraordinary transactions, and
(iv) conflicts of interest between the general partner or
managing member and its affiliates, on the one hand, and the
limited partners or members, on the other hand, including those
arising from incentive distribution payments or corporate
opportunities. Principal Risks of the Fund MLP
and Other Natural Resources Company Risks MLP
Structure Risk. |
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Sub-Sector Specific Risk. MLPs and Other
Natural Resources Companies are also subject to risks that are
specific to the particular sub-sector of the natural resources
sector in which they operate. |
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Pipelines. Pipeline
companies are subject to the demand for natural gas, natural gas
liquids, crude oil or refined products in the markets they
serve, changes in the availability of products for gathering,
transportation, processing or sale due to natural declines in
reserves and production in the supply areas serviced by the
companies facilities, sharp decreases in crude oil or
natural gas prices that cause producers to curtail production or
reduce capital spending for exploration activities, and
environmental regulation. Demand for gasoline, which accounts
for a substantial portion of refined product transportation,
depends on
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price, prevailing economic conditions in the markets served, and
demographic and seasonal factors. See Principal Risks of
the Fund MLP and Other Natural Resources Company
Risks Sub-Sector Specific Risk
Pipelines. |
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Gathering and
processing. Gathering and processing companies
are subject to natural declines in the production of oil and
natural gas fields, which utilize their gathering and processing
facilities as a way to market their production, prolonged
declines in the price of natural gas or crude oil, which
curtails drilling activity and therefore production, and
declines in the prices of natural gas liquids and refined
petroleum products, which cause lower processing margins. In
addition, some gathering and processing contracts subject the
gathering or processing company to direct commodities price
risk. Principal Risks of the Fund MLP and
Other Natural Resources Company Risks Sub-Sector
Specific Risk Gathering and processing.
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Exploration and
production. Exploration, development and
production companies are particularly vulnerable to declines in
the demand for and prices of crude oil and natural gas.
Reductions in prices for crude oil and natural gas can cause a
given reservoir to become uneconomic for continued production
earlier than it would if prices were higher, resulting in the
plugging and abandonment of, and cessation of production from,
that reservoir. In addition, lower commodity prices not only
reduce revenues but also can result in substantial downward
adjustments in reserve estimates. See Principal Risks of
the Fund MLP and Other Natural Resources Company
Risks Sub-Sector Specific Risk
Exploration and Production.
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Propane. Propane companies
are subject to earnings variability based upon weather patterns
in the locations where they operate and increases in the
wholesale price of propane which reduce profit margins. In
addition, propane companies are facing increased competition due
to the growing availability of natural gas, fuel oil and
alternative energy sources for residential heating.
Principal Risks of the Fund MLP and Other
Natural Resources Company Risks Sub-Sector Specific
Risk Propane.
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Coal. Coal companies are
subject to declines in the demand for and prices of coal. Demand
variability can be based on weather conditions, the strength of
the domestic economy, the level of coal stockpiles in their
customer base, and the prices of competing sources of fuel for
electric generation. They are also subject to supply variability
based on geological conditions that reduce the productivity of
mining operations, the availability of regulatory permits for
mining activities and the availability of coal that meets the
standards of the federal Clean Air Act of 1990, as amended (the
Clean Air Act). See Principal Risks of the
Fund MLP and Other Natural Resources Company
Risks Sub-Sector Specific Risk
Coal.
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Marine shipping. Marine
shipping companies are subject to supply of and demand for, and
level of consumption of, natural gas, liquefied natural gas,
crude oil, refined petroleum products and liquefied petroleum
gases in the supply and market areas they serve, which affect
the demand for marine shipping services and therefore charter
rates. Shipping companies vessels and cargoes are also
subject to the risk of being damaged or lost due to marine
disasters, extreme weather, mechanical failures, grounding,
fire, explosions, collisions, human error, piracy, war and
terrorism. See Principal Risks of the Fund MLP
and Other Natural Resources Company Risks Sub-Sector
Specific Risk Marine Shipping.
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Cash Flow Risk. The Fund will derive
substantially all of its cash flow from investments in equity
securities of MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies. The
amount of cash that the Fund has available to distribute to
shareholders will depend on the ability of the MLPs and Other
Natural Resources Companies in which the Fund has an interest to
make distributions or pay dividends to their investors and the
tax character of those distributions or dividends. The Fund will
likely have no influence over the actions of the MLPs in which
it invests with respect to the payment of distributions or
dividends, and may only have limited influence over Other
Natural Resources Companies in that regard. See Principal
Risks of the Fund MLP and Other Natural Resources
Company Risks Cash Flow Risk. |
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Regulatory Risk. The profitability of MLPs and
Other Natural Resources Companies could be adversely affected by
changes in the regulatory environment. MLPs and Other Natural
Resources Companies are subject to significant foreign, federal,
state and local regulation in virtually every aspect of their
operations, including with respect to how facilities are
constructed, maintained and operated, environmental and safety
controls, and the prices they may charge for the products and
services they provide. Such regulation can change over time in
both scope and intensity. See Principal Risks of the
Fund MLP and Other Natural Resources Company
Risks Regulatory Risk. |
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Affiliated Party Risk. Certain MLPs and Other
Natural Resources Companies are dependent on their parents or
sponsors for a majority of their revenues. Any failure by an
MLPs or an Other Natural Resources Companys parents
or sponsors to satisfy their payments or obligations would
impact the MLPs or Other Natural Resources Companys
revenues and cash flows and ability to make distributions.
Moreover, the terms of an MLPs or an Other Natural
Resources Companys transactions with its parent or sponsor
are typically not arrived at on an arms-length basis, and
may not be as favorable to the MLP or Other Natural Resources
Company as a transaction with a non-affiliate. Principal
Risks of the Fund MLP and Other Natural Resources
Company Risks Affiliated Party Risk. |
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Catastrophe Risk. The operations of MLPs and
Other Natural Resources Companies are subject to many hazards
inherent in the |
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exploration for, and development, production, gathering,
transportation, processing, storage, refining, distribution,
mining or marketing of coal, natural gas, natural gas liquids,
crude oil, refined petroleum products or other hydrocarbons,
including: damage to production equipment, pipelines, storage
tanks or related equipment and surrounding properties caused by
hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, fires and other natural disasters
or by acts of terrorism; inadvertent damage from construction or
other equipment; leaks of natural gas, natural gas liquids,
crude oil, refined petroleum products or other hydrocarbons; and
fires and explosions. If a significant accident or event occurs
that is not fully insured, it could adversely affect the
MLPs or Other Natural Resources Companys operations
and financial condition. See Principal Risks of the
Fund MLP and Other Natural Resources Company
Risks Catastrophe Risk. |
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Risks Associated with an Investment in IPOs |
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Securities purchased in IPOs are often subject to the general
risks associated with investments in companies with small market
capitalizations, and typically to a heightened degree.
Securities issued in IPOs have no trading history, and
information about the companies may be available for very
limited periods. In addition, the prices of securities sold in
an IPO may be highly volatile, thus the Fund cannot predict
whether investments in IPOs will be successful. As the Fund
grows in size, the positive effect of IPO investments on the
Fund may decrease. See Principal Risks of the
Fund Risks Associated with an Investment in
IPOs. |
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Risks Associated with an Investment in PIPE
Transactions |
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PIPE investors purchase securities directly from a publicly
traded company in a private placement transaction, typically at
a discount to the market price of the companys common
stock. Because the sale of the securities is not registered
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the
Securities Act), the securities are
restricted and cannot be immediately resold by the
investors into the public markets. Accordingly, the company
typically agrees as part of the PIPE deal to register the
restricted securities with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the SEC). PIPE securities may be deemed
illiquid. See Principal Risks of the Fund
Risks Associated with an Investment in PIPE Transactions. |
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Privately Held Company Risk |
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Investing in privately held companies involves
risk. For example, privately held companies are
not subject to SEC reporting requirements, are not required to
maintain their accounting records in accordance with generally
accepted accounting principles, and are not required to maintain
effective internal controls over financial reporting. As a
result, the Investment Adviser may not have timely or accurate
information about the business, financial condition and results
of operations of the privately held companies in which the Fund
invests. In addition, the securities of privately held companies
are generally illiquid, and entail the risks described under
Principal Risks of the Fund Liquidity
Risk. |
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Liquidity Risk |
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The investments made by the Fund, including investments in MLPs,
may be illiquid and consequently the Fund may not be able to
sell such investments at prices that reflect the Investment
Advisers assessment of their value, the value at which the
Fund is carrying the securities on its books or the amount paid
for such investments by the Fund. Furthermore, the nature of the
Funds investments may require a long holding period prior
to profitability. See Principal Risks of the
Fund Liquidity Risk. |
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Tax Risks |
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In addition to other risk considerations, an investment in the
Funds common shares will involve certain tax risks,
including, but not limited to, the risks summarized below and
discussed in more detail elsewhere in this Prospectus. Tax
matters are complicated, and the foreign and U.S. federal, state
and local tax consequences of the purchase and ownership of the
Funds common shares will depend on the facts of each
investors situation. Prospective investors are encouraged
to consult their own tax advisors regarding the specific tax
consequences that may affect such investors. |
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Tax Law Changes. Changes in tax laws,
regulations or interpretations of those laws or regulations in
the future could adversely affect the Fund or the MLPs or Other
Natural Resources Companies in which the Fund will invest. Any
such changes could negatively impact the Funds common
shareholders. Legislation could also negatively impact the
amount and tax characterization of dividends received by the
Funds common shareholders. Federal legislation has reduced
the federal income tax rate on qualified dividend income to the
rate applicable to long-term capital gains, which is generally
15% for individuals, provided a holding period requirement and
certain other requirements are met. This reduced rate of tax on
dividends is currently scheduled to revert to ordinary income
tax rates for taxable years beginning after December 31,
2010, and the 15% federal income tax rate for long-term capital
gains is scheduled to revert to 20% for such taxable years. |
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Tax Risk of MLPs. The Funds ability to
meet its investment objective will depend partially on the
amounts of taxable income, distributions and dividends it
receives from the securities in which it will invest, a factor
over which it has no control. The benefit the Fund will derive
from its investment in MLPs is largely dependent on the
MLPs being treated as partnerships for federal income tax
purposes. As a partnership, an MLP has no federal income tax
liability at the entity level. If, as a result of a change in
current law or a change in an MLPs business, an MLP were
to be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes,
it would be subject to federal income tax on its income at the
graduated tax rates applicable to corporations (currently a
maximum rate of 35%). In addition, if an MLP were to be
classified as a corporation for federal income tax purposes, the
amount of cash available for distribution by it would be reduced
and distributions received by the Fund from it would be taxed
under federal income tax laws applicable to |
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corporate distributions (as dividend income, return of capital,
or capital gain). Therefore, treatment of MLPs as corporations
for federal income tax purposes would result in a reduction in
the after-tax return to the Fund, likely causing a reduction in
the value of the Funds common shares. |
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Deferred Tax Risks of MLPs. As a limited
partner or member in the MLPs in which the Fund will invest, the
Fund will be required to include in its taxable income its
allocable share of income, gains, losses, deductions, and
credits from those MLPs, regardless of whether they distribute
any cash to the Fund. Historically, a significant portion of the
income from MLPs has been offset by tax deductions. The Fund
will incur a current tax liability on its allocable share of an
MLPs income and gains that is not offset by tax
deductions, losses and credits, or its net operating loss
carryforwards, if any. The portion, if any, of a distribution
received by the Fund from an MLP that is offset by the
MLPs tax deductions, losses or credits will be treated as
a tax-advantaged return of capital. However, those distributions
will reduce the Funds adjusted tax basis in the equity
securities of the MLP, which will result in an increase in the
amount of gain (or decrease in the amount of loss) that will be
recognized by the Fund for tax purposes upon the sale of any
such equity securities or upon subsequent distributions in
respect of such equity securities. The percentage of an
MLPs income and gains that is offset by tax deductions,
losses and credits will fluctuate over time for various reasons.
A significant slowdown in acquisition activity or capital
spending by MLPs held in the Funds portfolio could result
in a reduction of accelerated depreciation generated by new
acquisitions, which may result in increased current tax
liability for the Fund. |
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The Fund will accrue deferred income taxes for its future tax
liability associated with that portion of MLP distributions
considered to be a tax-advantaged return of capital, as well as
for its future tax liability associated with the capital
appreciation of its investments. Upon the Funds sale of an
MLP security, the Fund may be liable for previously deferred
taxes. The Fund will rely to some extent on information provided
by MLPs, which is not necessarily timely, to estimate deferred
tax liability for purposes of financial statement reporting and
determining its net asset value. From time to time, the Fund
will modify its estimates or assumptions regarding its deferred
tax liability as new information becomes available. |
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See Tax Matters. |
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Risks Associated with an Investment in
Non-U.S. Companies |
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Non-U.S. Securities
Risk. Investing in securities of
non-U.S. issuers
involves certain risks not involved in domestic investments,
including, but not limited to: fluctuations in currency exchange
rates; future foreign economic, financial, political and social
developments; different legal systems; the possible imposition
of exchange controls or other foreign governmental laws or
restrictions; lower trading volume; greater price volatility and
illiquidity; different trading and settlement practices; less
governmental |
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supervision; high and volatile rates of inflation; fluctuating
interest rates; less publicly available information; and
different accounting, auditing and financial recordkeeping
standards and requirements. See Principal Risks of the
Fund Risks Associated with an Investment in
Non-U.S. Companies
Non-U.S. Securities
Risk. |
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Non-U.S. Currency
Risk. Because the Fund may invest in securities
denominated or quoted in
non-U.S. currencies,
changes in the
non-U.S. currency/U.S. dollar
exchange rate may affect the value of the Funds securities
and the unrealized appreciation or depreciation of its
investments. See Principal Risks of the Fund
Risks Associated with an Investment in
Non-U.S. Companies
Non-U.S. Currency
Risk. |
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Currency Hedging Risk. The Fund may in the
future hedge against currency risk resulting from investing in
non-U.S. MLPs
and Other Natural Resources Companies valued in
non-U.S. currencies.
Currency hedging transactions in which the Fund may engage
include buying or selling options or futures or entering into
other foreign currency transactions including forward foreign
currency contracts, currency swaps or options on currency and
currency futures and other derivatives transactions. Hedging
transactions can be expensive and have risks, including the
imperfect correlation between the value of such instruments and
the underlying assets, the possible default of the other party
to the transaction or the illiquidity of the derivative
instruments. The use of hedging transactions may result in
losses greater than if they had not been used, may require the
Fund to sell or purchase portfolio securities at inopportune
times or for prices other than current market values, may limit
the amount of appreciation the Fund can realize on an
investment, or may cause the Fund to hold a security that the
Fund might otherwise sell. The use of hedging transactions may
result in the Funds incurring losses as a result of
matters beyond the Funds control. See Principal
Risks of the Fund Risks Associated with an
Investment in
Non-U.S. Companies
Currency Hedging Risk. |
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Emerging Markets Risk. Emerging markets may be
subject to economic, social and political risks not applicable
to instruments of developed market issuers, such as
repatriation, exchange control or other monetary restrictions,
taxation risks, and special considerations due to limited
publicly available information, less stringent regulatory
standards, and lack of uniformity in accounting. See
Principal Risks of the Fund Risks Associated
with an Investment in
Non-U.S. Companies
Emerging Markets Risk. |
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Interest Rate Risk |
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The costs associated with any leverage used by the Fund are
likely to increase when interest rates rise. Accordingly, the
market price of the Funds common shares may decline when
interest rates rise. See Principal Risks of the
Fund Interest Rate Risk. |
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Legal and Regulatory Risk |
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Legal and regulatory changes could occur during the term of the
Fund that may adversely affect the Fund. See Principal
Risks of the Fund Legal and Regulatory Risk. |
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Interest Rate Hedging Risk |
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The Fund may from time to time hedge against interest rate risk
resulting from the Funds portfolio holdings and any
financial leverage it may incur. Interest rate transactions the
Fund may use for hedging purposes will expose the Fund to
certain risks that differ from the risks associated with its
portfolio holdings. There are economic costs of hedging
reflected in the price of interest rate swaps, caps and similar
techniques, the cost of which can be significant. In addition,
the Funds success in using hedging instruments is subject
to the Investment Advisers ability to correctly predict
changes in the relationships of such hedging instruments to the
Funds leverage risk, and there can be no assurance that
the Investment Advisers judgment in this respect will be
accurate. See Principal Risks of the Fund
Interest Rate Hedging Risk. |
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Arbitrage Risk |
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A part of the Investment Advisers investment operations
may involve spread positions between two or more securities, or
derivatives positions including commodities hedging positions,
or a combination of the foregoing. The Investment Advisers
trading operations also may involve arbitraging between two
securities or commodities, between the security, commodity and
related options or derivatives markets, between spot and futures
or forward markets,
and/or any
combination of the above. To the extent the price relationships
between such positions remain constant, no gain or loss on the
positions will occur. These offsetting positions entail
substantial risk that the price differential could change
unfavorably, causing a loss to the position. See Principal
Risks of the Fund Arbitrage Risk. |
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Equity Securities Risk |
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Master limited partnership common units and other equity
securities of MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies can be
affected by macroeconomic, political, global and other factors
affecting the stock market in general, expectations of interest
rates, investor sentiment towards MLPs or the natural resources
sector, changes in a particular companys financial
condition, or the unfavorable or unanticipated poor performance
of a particular MLP or Other Natural Resources Company (which,
in the case of an MLP, is generally measured in terms of
distributable cash flow). Prices of common units and other
equity securities of individual MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies can also be affected by fundamentals unique to the
partnership or company, including earnings power and coverage
ratios. See Principal Risks of the Fund Equity
Securities Risk. |
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MLP Subordinated Units. Master limited
partnership subordinated units are not typically listed on an
exchange or publicly traded. |
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Holders of MLP subordinated units are entitled to receive a
distribution only after the minimum quarterly distribution (the
MQD) has been paid to holders of common units, but
prior to payment of incentive distributions to the general
partner or managing member. Master limited partnership
subordinated units generally do not provide arrearage rights.
Most MLP subordinated units are convertible into common units
after the passage of a specified period of time or upon the
achievement by the MLP of specified financial goals. See
Principal Risks of the Fund Equity Securities
Risk MLP Subordinated Units. |
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General Partner and Managing Member
Interests. General partner and managing member
interests are not publicly traded, though they may be owned by
publicly traded entities such as GP MLPs. A holder of general
partner or managing member interests can be liable in certain
circumstances for amounts greater than the amount of the
holders investment. In addition, while a general partner
or managing members incentive distribution rights can mean
that general partners and managing members have higher
distribution growth prospects than their underlying MLPs, these
incentive distribution payments would decline at a greater rate
than the decline rate in quarterly distributions to common or
subordinated unit holders in the event of a reduction in the
MLPs quarterly distribution. A general partner or managing
member interest can be redeemed by the MLP if the MLP unit
holders choose to remove the general partner, typically by a
supermajority vote of the limited partners or members. See
Principal Risks of the Fund Equity Securities
Risk General Partner and Managing Member
Interest. |
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Small-Cap and Mid-Cap Company Risk |
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Certain of the MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies in
which the Fund may invest may have small or medium-sized market
capitalizations (small-cap and mid-cap
companies, respectively). Investing in the securities of
small-cap or mid-cap MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies
presents some particular investment risks. These MLPs and Other
Natural Resources Companies may have limited product lines and
markets, as well as shorter operating histories, less
experienced management and more limited financial resources than
larger MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies, and may be
more vulnerable to adverse general market or economic
developments. Stocks of these MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies may be less liquid than those of larger MLPs and Other
Natural Resources Companies, and may experience greater price
fluctuations than larger MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies. In addition, small-cap or mid-cap company securities
may not be widely followed by investors, which may result in
reduced demand. See Principal Risks of the
Fund Small-Cap and Mid-Cap Company Risk. |
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Leverage Risk |
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The Fund may use leverage through the issuance of preferred
shares, commercial paper or notes, other forms of borrowing or
both. The use of leverage, which can be described as exposure to |
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changes in price at a ratio greater than the amount of equity
invested, either through the issuance of preferred shares,
borrowing or other forms of market exposure, magnifies both the
favorable and unfavorable effects of price movements in the
investments made by the Fund. Insofar as the Fund employs
leverage in its investment operations, the Fund will be subject
to increased risk of loss. See Principal Risks of the
Fund Leverage Risk. |
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Fully-Collateralized Borrowing Risk. The Fund
has entered into a fully-collateralized borrowing arrangement
with Credit Suisse in which the collateral maintained in a
segregated account exceeds the amount borrowed. If the Fund is
unable to repay the loan, the lender may realize upon the
collateral. Such arrangements are also subject to interest rate
risk. See Principal Risks of the Fund Leverage
Risk Fully-Collateralized Borrowing Risk and
Principal Risks of the Fund Interest Rate
Risk. |
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Preferred Share Risk. Preferred share risk is
the risk associated with the issuance of preferred shares to
leverage the common shares. If the Fund issues preferred shares,
the net asset value and market value of the common shares will
be more volatile, and the yield to the holders of common shares
will tend to fluctuate with changes in the shorter-term dividend
rates on the preferred shares. |
|
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|
In addition, the Fund will pay (and the holders of common shares
will bear) all costs and expenses relating to the issuance and
ongoing maintenance of the preferred shares, including higher
advisory fees. |
|
|
|
|
|
Similarly, any decline in the net asset value of the Funds
investments will be borne entirely by the holders of common
shares. Therefore, if the market value of the Funds
portfolio declines, the leverage will result in a greater
decrease in net asset value to the holders of common shares than
if the Fund were not leveraged. This greater net asset value
decrease will also tend to cause a greater decline in the market
price for the common shares. |
|
|
|
|
|
See Principal Risks of the Fund Leverage
Risk Preferred Share Risk. |
|
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|
Preferred Shareholders May Have Disproportionate Influence
over the Fund. If preferred shares are issued,
holders of preferred shares may have differing interests than
holders of common shares and holders of preferred shares may at
times have disproportionate influence over the Funds
affairs. If preferred shares are issued, holders of preferred
shares, voting separately as a single class, would have the
right to elect two members of the Board of Trustees at all
times. The remaining members of the Board of Trustees would be
elected by holders of common shares and preferred shares, voting
as a single class. See Principal Risks of the
Fund Leverage Risk Preferred
Shareholders May Have Disproportionate Influence over the
Fund. |
|
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|
Credit Facility. The Fund may enter into
definitive agreements with respect to a credit facility. The
Fund may negotiate with commercial banks to arrange a credit
facility pursuant to which the |
21
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|
Fund would be entitled to borrow an amount equal to
approximately
331/3%
of the Funds Managed Assets (i.e., 50% of the
Funds net assets attributable to the Funds common
shares). Any such borrowings would constitute financial
leverage. Such a facility is not expected to be convertible into
any other securities of the Fund. Any outstanding amounts are
expected to be prepayable by the Fund prior to final maturity
without significant penalty, and there are not expected to be
any sinking fund or mandatory retirement provisions. Outstanding
amounts would be payable at maturity or such earlier times as
required by the agreement. The Fund may be required to prepay
outstanding amounts under a facility or incur a penalty rate of
interest in the event of the occurrence of certain events of
default. The Fund would be expected to indemnify the lenders
under the facility against liabilities they may incur in
connection with the facility. The Fund may be required to pay
commitment fees under the terms of any such facility. With the
use of borrowings, there is a risk that the interest rates paid
by the Fund on the amount it borrows will be higher than the
return on the Funds investments. |
|
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|
Portfolio Guidelines of Rating Agencies. In
order to obtain and maintain the required ratings of loans from
a credit facility, the Fund will be required to comply with
investment quality, diversification and other guidelines
established by Moodys
and/or
S&P or the credit facility. See Principal Risks of
the Fund Leverage Risk Portfolio
Guidelines of Rating Agencies. |
|
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|
Securities Lending Risk |
|
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|
The Fund may lend its portfolio securities (up to a maximum of
one-third of its Managed Assets) to banks or dealers which meet
the creditworthiness standards established by the Board of
Trustees of the Fund. Securities lending is subject to the risk
that loaned securities may not be available to the Fund on a
timely basis and the Fund may, therefore, lose the opportunity
to sell the securities at a desirable price. Any loss in the
market price of securities loaned by the Fund that occurs during
the term of the loan would be borne by the Fund and would
adversely affect the Funds performance. Also, there may be
delays in recovery, or no recovery, of securities loaned or even
a loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower of the
securities fail financially while the loan is outstanding. These
risks may be greater for
non-U.S. securities.
See Principal Risks of the Fund Securities
Lending Risk. |
|
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Non-Diversification Risk |
|
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|
The Fund is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment
company under the 1940 Act. The Fund may invest a relatively
high percentage of its assets in a limited number of issuers. To
the extent the Fund invests a relatively high percentage of the
Funds assets in the securities of a limited number of
issuers, the Fund may be more susceptible than a more widely
diversified investment company to any single economic, political
or regulatory occurrence. See Principal Risks of the
Fund Non-Diversification Risk. |
22
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Valuation Risk |
|
|
|
Market prices may not be readily available for certain of the
Funds investments, and the value of such investments will
ordinarily be determined based on fair valuations determined by
the Board of Trustees or its designee pursuant to procedures
adopted by the Board of Trustees. Restrictions on resale or the
absence of a liquid secondary market may adversely affect the
Funds ability to determine its net asset value. The sale
price of securities that are not readily marketable may be lower
or higher than the Funds most recent determination of
their fair value. See Principal Risks of the
Fund Valuation Risk. |
|
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|
When determining the fair value of an asset, the Investment
Adviser will seek to determine the price that the Fund might
reasonably expect to receive from the current sale of that asset
in an arms length transaction. Fair value pricing,
however, involves judgments that are inherently subjective and
inexact, since fair valuation procedures are used only when it
is not possible to be sure what value should be attributed to a
particular asset or when an event will affect the market price
of an asset and to what extent. As a result, there can be no
assurance that fair value pricing will reflect actual market
value and it is possible that the fair value determined for a
security will be materially different from the value that
actually could be or is realized upon the sale of that asset.
See Net Asset Value. |
|
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Portfolio Turnover Risk |
|
|
|
The Fund anticipates that its annual portfolio turnover rate
will be approximately 25%, but that rate may vary greatly from
year to year. A higher portfolio turnover rate results in
correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other
transactional expenses that are borne by the Fund.
Principal Risks of the Fund Portfolio Turnover
Risk. |
|
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|
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|
Strategic Transactions Risk |
|
|
|
The Fund may, but is not required to, write, purchase or sell
put or call options on securities, equity or fixed-income
indices or other instruments, write, purchase or sell futures
contracts or options on futures, or enter into various
transactions such as swaps, caps, floors or collars
(collectively, Strategic Transactions). The Fund may
engage in Strategic Transactions, including the purchase and
sale of derivative investments such as exchange-listed and
over-the-counter put and call options on securities, equity,
fixed income and interest rate indices, and other financial
instruments, and may enter into various interest rate
transactions such as swaps, caps, floors or collars or credit
transactions and credit default swaps and invest in forward
contracts. The Fund also may purchase derivative investments
that combine features of these instruments. The use of
derivatives has risks, including the imperfect correlation
between the value of such instruments and the underlying assets,
the possible default of the other party to the transaction or
illiquidity of the derivative investments. Furthermore, the
ability to successfully use these techniques depends on the
Funds ability to predict pertinent |
23
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|
market movements, which cannot be assured. Thus, their use may
result in losses greater than if they had not been used, may
require the Fund to sell or purchase portfolio securities at
inopportune times or for prices other than current market
values, may limit the amount of appreciation the Fund can
realize on an investment or may cause the Fund to hold a
security that it might otherwise sell. Additionally, amounts
paid by the Fund as premiums and cash, or other assets held in
margin accounts with respect to derivative transactions, are not
otherwise available to the Fund for investment purposes. |
|
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The Fund may write covered call options. As the writer of a
covered call option, the Fund gives up the opportunity during
the options life to profit from increases in the market
value of the security covering the call option above the sum of
the premium and the strike price of the call, but the Fund
retains the risk of loss should the price of the underlying
security decline. |
|
|
|
The Fund may also write uncovered call options (i.e.,
where the Fund does not own the underlying security or index) to
a limited extent. Similar to a naked short sale, writing an
uncovered call creates the risk of an unlimited loss, in that
the price of the underlying security could theoretically
increase without limit, thus increasing the cost of buying those
securities to cover the call option if it is exercised before it
expires. There can be no assurance that the securities necessary
to cover the call option will be available for purchase.
Purchasing securities to cover an uncovered call option can
itself cause the price of the securities to rise, further
exacerbating the loss. |
|
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|
The writer of an option has no control over the time when it may
be required to fulfill its obligation as a writer of the option.
Once an option writer has received an exercise notice, it cannot
effect a closing purchase transaction in order to terminate its
obligation under the option and must deliver the underlying
security at the exercise price. There can be no assurance that a
liquid market will exist when the Fund seeks to close out an
option position. If trading were suspended in an option
purchased by the Fund, the Fund would not be able to close out
the option. If the Fund were unable to close out a covered call
option that the Fund had written on a security, the Fund would
not be able to sell the underlying security unless the option
expired without exercise. If the Fund were unable to close out
an uncovered call option that the Fund had written on a
security, the Fund retains the risk of a price increase in the
underlying security until the Fund purchases the security or the
option expires without exercise. |
|
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|
See Principal Risks of the Fund Strategic
Transactions Risk. |
|
|
|
|
|
Convertible Instrument Risk |
|
|
|
The Fund may invest in convertible instruments. A convertible
instrument is a bond, debenture, note, preferred stock or other
security that may be converted into or exchanged for a
prescribed amount of common shares of the same or a different
issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price
or formula. |
24
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|
|
Convertible debt instruments have characteristics of both fixed
income and equity investments. Convertible instruments are
subject both to the stock market risk associated with equity
securities and to the credit and interest rate risks associated
with fixed-income securities. As the market price of the equity
security underlying a convertible instrument falls, the
convertible instrument tends to trade on the basis of its yield
and other fixed-income characteristics. As the market price of
such equity security rises, the convertible security tends to
trade on the basis of its equity conversion features. See
Principal Risks of the Fund Convertible
Instrument Risk. |
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|
Short Sales Risk |
|
|
|
Short selling involves selling securities which may or may not
be owned and borrowing the same securities for delivery to the
purchaser, with an obligation to replace the borrowed securities
at a later date. Short selling allows the short seller to profit
from declines in market prices to the extent such declines
exceed the transaction costs and the costs of borrowing the
securities. A naked short sale creates the risk of an unlimited
loss because the price of the underlying security could
theoretically increase without limit, thus increasing the cost
of buying those securities to cover the short position. There
can be no assurance that the securities necessary to cover a
short position will be available for purchase. Purchasing
securities to close out the short position can itself cause the
price of the securities to rise, further exacerbating the loss.
See Principal Risks of the Fund Short Sales
Risk. |
|
|
|
|
|
Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income
from investment will be worth less in the future as inflation
decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real
value of the Funds common shares and dividends can
decline. See Principal Risks of the Fund
Inflation Risk. |
|
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|
Debt securities are subject to many of the risks described
elsewhere in this section. In addition, they are subject to
credit risk, prepayment risk and, depending on their quality,
other special risks. See Principal Risks of the
Fund Debt Securities Risks. |
|
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|
|
Credit Risk. An issuer of a debt security may
be unable to make interest payments and repay principal. The
Fund could lose money if the issuer of a debt obligation is, or
is perceived to be, unable or unwilling to make timely principal
and/or
interest payments, or to otherwise honor its obligations. The
downgrade of a security may further decrease its value. See
Principal Risks of the Fund Debt Securities
Risks Credit Risk. |
|
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|
Below Investment Grade and Unrated Debt Securities
Risk. Below investment grade debt securities in
which the Fund may invest are rated from B3 to Ba1 by
Moodys, from B- to BB+ by Fitch or S&P, or comparably
rated by another rating agency. Below investment grade and
unrated debt securities generally pay a |
25
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|
|
premium above the yields of U.S. government securities or
debt securities of investment grade issuers because they are
subject to greater risks than these securities. These risks,
which reflect their speculative character, include the
following: greater yield and price volatility; greater credit
risk and risk of default; potentially greater sensitivity to
general economic or industry conditions; potential lack of
attractive resale opportunities (illiquidity); and additional
expenses to seek recovery from issuers who default. See
Principal Risks of the Fund Debt Securities
Risk Below Investment Grade and Unrated Debt
Securities Risk. |
|
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|
|
|
Reinvestment Risk. Certain debt instruments,
particularly below investment grade securities, may contain call
or redemption provisions which would allow the issuer of the
debt instrument to prepay principal prior to the debt
instruments stated maturity. This is also sometimes known
as prepayment risk. Prepayment risk is greater during a falling
interest rate environment as issuers can reduce their cost of
capital by refinancing higher yielding debt instruments with
lower yielding debt instruments. An issuer may also elect to
refinance its debt instruments with lower yielding debt
instruments if the credit standing of the issuer improves. To
the extent debt securities in the Funds portfolio are
called or redeemed, the Fund may be forced to reinvest in lower
yielding securities. See Principal Risks of the
Fund Debt Securities Risks Reinvestment
Risk. |
|
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|
|
An exchange traded note (ETN) or exchange traded
fund (ETF) that is based on a specific index may not
be able to replicate and maintain exactly the composition and
relative weighting of securities in the index. An ETN or ETF
also incurs certain expenses not incurred by its applicable
index. The market value of an ETN or ETF share may differ from
its net asset value; the share may trade at a premium or
discount to its net asset value, which may be due to, among
other things, differences in the supply and demand in the market
for the share and the supply and demand in the market for the
underlying assets of the ETN or ETF. See Principal Risks
of the Fund ETN and ETF Risk. |
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|
Terrorism and Market Disruption Risk |
|
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|
|
|
The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 had a
disruptive effect on the U.S. economy and securities
markets. United States military and related action in Iraq and
Afghanistan is ongoing and events in the Middle East could have
significant, continuing adverse effects on the U.S. economy
in general and the natural resources sector in particular.
Global political and economic instability could affect an
MLPs or an Other Natural Resources Companys
operations in unpredictable ways, including through disruptions
of natural resources supplies and markets and the resulting
volatility in commodity prices. The U.S. government has
issued warnings that natural resources assets, specifically
pipeline infrastructure and production, transmission and
distribution facilities, may be future targets of terrorist
activities. In addition, changes in the insurance markets have
made certain types of insurance more difficult, if not |
26
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|
|
impossible, to obtain and have generally resulted in increased
premium costs. See Principal Risks of the Fund
Terrorism and Market Disruption Risk. |
|
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|
The residential housing sector in the United States has been
under considerable pressure during the past two years with home
prices nationwide down 15% to 20% on average and nearly twice
that in certain regions. Residential mortgage delinquencies and
foreclosures have increased over this time and have, in turn,
led to widespread selling in the mortgage-related market and put
downward pressure on the prices of many securities, including
many of our investments and the price of our common shares.
Additionally, the federal rescue of Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae and
American International Group, as well as the filing of
bankruptcy by Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc. and the concern
that other financial institutions are also experiencing severe
economic distress and that the global financial system is under
stress have led to significant market volatility and thus
further increase the illiquidity of our investment. See
Principal Risks of the Fund Market
Volatility. |
|
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|
Investment Management Risk |
|
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|
|
|
The Funds portfolio is subject to investment management
risk because it will be actively managed. The Investment Adviser
will apply investment techniques and risk analyses in making
investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no guarantee
that they will produce the desired results. See Principal
Risks of the Fund Investment Management Risk. |
|
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|
Dependence on Key Personnel of the Investment
Adviser |
|
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|
The Fund is dependent upon the Investment Advisers key
personnel for its future success and upon their access to
certain individuals and investments in the natural resources
industry. In particular, the Fund will depend on the diligence,
skill and network of business contacts of the personnel of the
Investment Adviser and its portfolio manager, who will evaluate,
negotiate, structure, close and monitor the Funds
investments. The portfolio manager does not have a long-term
employment contract with the Investment Adviser, although he
does have an equity interest and other financial incentives to
remain with the firm. See Principal Risks of the
Fund Dependence on Key Personnel of the Investment
Adviser. |
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|
Conflicts of Interest with the Investment Adviser |
|
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|
Conflicts of interest may arise because the Investment Adviser
and its affiliates generally will be carrying on substantial
investment activities for other clients, including, but not
limited to, the Affiliated Funds, in which the Fund will have no
interest. The Investment Adviser or its affiliates may have
financial incentives to favor certain of such accounts over the
Fund. Any of their proprietary accounts and other customer
accounts may compete with the Fund for specific trades.
Notwithstanding these potential conflicts of interest, the
Funds Board of Trustees and officers have a fiduciary |
27
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|
obligation to act in the Funds best interest. See
Principal Risks of the Fund--Conflicts of Interest with
the Investment Adviser. |
|
Transfer Agent and Dividend-Disbursing Agent |
|
Under a transfer agency and service agreement among
Computershare Trust Company, N.A., Computershare Inc. and the
Fund, Computershare Trust Company, N.A. serves as the
Funds transfer agent, registrar and administrator of its
dividend reinvestment plan, and Computershare Inc. serves as
dividend disbursing agent and may act on behalf of Computershare
Trust Company, N.A. in providing certain of the services covered
by the agreement. See Other Service Providers. |
|
Custodian |
|
U.S. Bank National Association serves as the custodian of the
Funds securities and other assets. See Other Service
Providers. |
28
SUMMARY
OF FUND EXPENSES
The following table assumes the Fund has borrowed in the amount
equal to
331/3%
of the Funds Managed Assets (i.e., 50% of its net
assets attributable to the Funds common shares) and shows
the Funds expenses as a percentage of net assets
attributable to its common shares.
|
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Shareholder Transaction Expenses:
|
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|
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|
Sales Load Paid by Investors (as a percentage of offering
price)(1)
|
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|
[
|
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]
|
%
|
Offering Expenses Borne by the Fund (as a percentage of offering
price)(1)
|
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|
[
|
|
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|
]
|
%
|
Dividend Reinvestment Plan Fees(2)
|
|
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|
Percentage of Net Assets
|
|
|
Attributable to Common Shares
|
|
|
(Assumes Leverage is Used)(3)(4)
|
|
Annual Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
Management Fees(5)
|
|
|
1.88%
|
|
Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds(3)
|
|
|
1.00%
|
|
Other Expenses(6)
|
|
|
1.85%
|
|
Total Annual Expenses
|
|
|
4.73%
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
In the event that the common shares to which this Prospectus
relates are sold to or through underwriters, a corresponding
Prospectus Supplement will disclose these percentages. |
|
(2) |
|
Investors who hold shares in a dividend reinvestment account and
request a sale of shares through the dividend reinvestment plan
agent are subject to a $15.00 sales fee and pay a brokerage
commission of $0.12 per share sold. |
|
(3) |
|
Assumes a cost on leveraging of 2%. This rate is an estimate and
may differ based on varying market conditions that may exist
when Leverage Instruments are issued or other borrowing
commences and depending on the type of leverage used. If the
Fund leverages in an amount greater than 331/3% of Managed
Assets, this amount could increase. |
|
(4) |
|
The Fund currently borrows money, however, at times the Fund may
not borrow or otherwise use leverage. Consequently, the table
presented below in this footnote also shows the Funds
expenses as a percentage of the same amount of net assets
attributable to its common shares, but unlike the table above,
assumes that the Fund does not borrow money. Consequently, the
table below does not reflect any interest on borrowed funds or
other costs and expenses of borrowing. The footnotes used in the
table below correspond to the footnotes appearing below this
footnote (4). In accordance with these assumptions, the
Funds expenses would be as follows: |
|
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Percentage of Net Assets
|
|
|
Attributable to Common Shares
|
|
|
(Assumes No Leverage is Used)
|
|
Annual Expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
Management Fees(5)
|
|
|
1.25%
|
|
Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds
|
|
|
None
|
|
Other Expenses(6)
|
|
|
1.75%
|
|
Total Annual Expenses
|
|
|
3.00%
|
|
|
|
|
(5) |
|
The Investment Adviser currently intends to reduce temporarily
the management fee from 1.25% to 1.00% of the average weekly
value of the Funds Managed Assets. The Investment Adviser
is not obligated to do so, however, and this waiver may be
discontinued at any time. Because holders of any Leverage
Instruments do not bear management fees, the cost to
shareholders increases as leverage increases. |
|
(6) |
|
The costs of this offering are not included as an Annual Expense
in the expenses shown in this table, but are included in the
Shareholder Transaction Expense table above. Other
Expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current
fiscal year, and include the following expenses associated with
dividends paid on |
29
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|
|
|
|
short sales: 0.1005% (assuming leverage is used) and 0.0670%
(assuming no leverage is used). Please see footnote
(1) above. |
The purpose of the table and the example is to assist
prospective investors in understanding the various costs and
expenses that an investor in the Fund will bear directly or
indirectly.
Example
As required by relevant SEC regulations, the following example
illustrates the expenses that an investor would pay on a $1,000
investment in the Funds common shares, assuming total
annual expenses of 4.73% of net assets attributable to the
Funds common shares except as indicated above, a 5.00%
sales load, the Fund issues Leverage Instruments in an amount
equal to
331/3%
of Managed Assets (i.e., 50% of net assets attributable
to the Funds common shares), and a 5% annual return:
|
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|
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1 Year
|
|
3 Years
|
|
5 Years
|
|
10 Years
|
|
$95
|
|
$
|
185
|
|
|
$
|
276
|
|
|
$
|
505
|
|
THE EXAMPLE SHOULD NOT BE CONSIDERED A REPRESENTATION OF FUTURE
EXPENSES OR RETURNS. ACTUAL EXPENSES MAY BE GREATER OR LESS THAN
THOSE SHOWN. Moreover, the Funds actual rate of return may
be greater or less than the hypothetical 5% return shown in the
example. The example assumes that the estimated Other
Expenses set out in the Annual Expenses table are accurate
and that all dividends and distributions are reinvested at net
asset value. In the event that the Fund does not use any
leverage, an investor would pay the following expenses based on
the assumptions in the example and total annual expenses of
3.00% of net assets attributable to the Funds Common
Shares: 1 Year, $79; 3 Years, $138; 5 Years,
$200; and 10 Years, $365.
30
FINANCIAL
HIGHLIGHTS
The selected data below sets forth the per share operating
performance and ratios for the periods presented. The financial
information was derived from and should be read in conjunction
with the Financial Statements of the Fund and Notes thereto,
which are incorporated by reference into this Prospectus from
the Funds Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal
year ended November 30, 2008. The financial information for
the fiscal year ended November 30, 2008 and for the period
from August 27, 2007 (commencement of operations) to
November 30, 2007 has been audited by Deloitte &
Touche LLP, the Funds independent registered public
accounting firm, whose unqualified report on such Financial
Statements is incorporated by reference into this Prospectus.
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Period from
|
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|
|
|
August 27,
|
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|
|
|
|
2007(1)
|
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Year Ended
|
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through
|
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|
November 30,
|
|
|
November 30,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
Per Common Share Data(2)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Asset Value, beginning of period
|
|
$
|
18.17
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
Public offering price
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20.00
|
|
Underwriting discounts and offering costs on issuance of common
shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(0.94
|
)
|
Income from Investment Operations:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
1.15
|
|
|
|
0.30
|
|
Net realized and unrealized loss on investments
|
|
|
(14.05
|
)
|
|
|
(0.89
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total decrease from investment operations
|
|
|
(12.90
|
)
|
|
|
(0.59
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Less Distributions to Common Shareholders:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net investment income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Return of capital
|
|
|
(1.29
|
)
|
|
|
(0.30
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Distributions to common shareholders
|
|
|
(1.29
|
)
|
|
|
(0.30
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net Asset Value, end of period
|
|
$
|
3.98
|
|
|
$
|
18.17
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Per common share market value, end of period
|
|
$
|
10.36
|
|
|
$
|
16.71
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total Investment Return Based on Market Value
|
|
|
(31.18
|
)%
|
|
|
(14.84
|
)%(3)
|
Supplemental Data and Ratios
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net assets applicable to common shareholders, end of period
(000s)
|
|
$
|
37,779
|
|
|
$
|
159,103
|
|
Ratio of expenses (including current and deferred income tax
benefit) to average net assets before waiver(4)(5)
|
|
|
5.18
|
%
|
|
|
(4.53
|
)%
|
Ratio of expenses (including current and deferred income tax
benefit) to average net assets after waiver(4)(5)
|
|
|
4.75
|
%
|
|
|
(5.18
|
)%
|
Ratio of expenses (excluding current and deferred income tax
benefit) to average net assets before waiver(4)(5)(6)
|
|
|
2.99
|
%
|
|
|
2.69
|
%
|
Ratio of expenses (excluding current and deferred income tax
benefit) to average net assets after waiver(4)(5)(6)
|
|
|
2.56
|
%
|
|
|
2.04
|
%
|
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets before
waiver(4)(5)(6)
|
|
|
(1.93
|
)%
|
|
|
(0.48
|
)%
|
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets after
waiver(4)(5)(6)
|
|
|
(1.49
|
)%
|
|
|
0.17
|
%
|
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets after
current and deferred income tax benefit, before waiver(4)(5)
|
|
|
(4.12
|
)%
|
|
|
6.74
|
%
|
Ratio of net investment income to average net assets after
current and deferred income tax benefit, after waiver(4)(5)
|
|
|
(3.69
|
)%
|
|
|
7.39
|
%
|
Portfolio turnover rate
|
|
|
95.78
|
%
|
|
|
15.15
|
%
|
31
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Commencement of Operations. |
|
(2) |
|
Information presented relates to a common share of beneficial
interest outstanding for the entire period. |
|
(3) |
|
Not Annualized. Total investment return is calculated assuming a
purchase of common share of beneficial interest at the initial
public offering price and a sale at the closing price on the
last day of the period reported. The calculation also assumes
reinvestment of dividends at actual prices pursuant to the
Funds dividend reinvestment plan. Total investment return
does not reflect brokerage commissions. |
|
(4) |
|
Annualized for periods less than one full year. |
|
(5) |
|
For the year ended November 30, 2008, the Fund accrued
$3,153,649 in net current and deferred tax expense. For the
period from August 27, 2007 through November 30, 2007,
the Fund accrued $3,153,649 in net current and deferred income
tax benefit. |
|
(6) |
|
This ratio excludes current and deferred income tax benefit on
net investment income. |
THE
FUND
The Cushing MLP Total Return Fund was formed as a Delaware
statutory trust on May 23, 2007 and is a non-diversified,
closed-end management investment company registered under the
1940 Act. The Funds principal office is located at 3300
Oak Lawn Avenue, Suite 650, Dallas, TX 75219, and its
telephone number is
(214) 692-6334.
You may call toll-free
(800) 662-7232
to request information or make shareholder inquiries.
The Cushing name originates from a city in Oklahoma of the same
name that was a center for the exploration, production and
storage of crude oil during the early 20th century.
Cushing, Oklahoma, with its large amount of energy
infrastructure assets, is currently a major storage and trading
clearing hub for crude oil and refined products in the United
States.
USE OF
PROCEEDS
The Fund anticipates that it will be able to invest
substantially all of the net proceeds of an offering in
accordance with its investment objective and policies within
approximately two weeks after completion of an offering. Prior
to the time the Fund is fully invested, the proceeds of the
offering may temporarily be invested in cash, cash equivalents,
or in debt securities that are rated AA or higher. Income
received by the Fund from these temporary investments would
likely be less than returns sought pursuant to the Funds
investment objective and policies.
INVESTMENT
OBJECTIVE AND POLICIES
The Funds investment objective is to obtain a high
after-tax total return from a combination of capital
appreciation and current income. The Fund seeks to achieve its
investment objective by investing, under normal market
conditions, at least 80% of its net assets, plus any borrowings
for investment purposes, in MLP investments (the 80%
policy). There can be no assurance that the Funds
investment objective will be achieved. The Fund intends to focus
its investments in MLPs with operations in the development,
production, processing, refining, transportation, storage and
marketing of natural resources.
The Fund will generally seek to invest in 20 to 30 issuers with
generally no more than 10% of Managed Assets in any one issue,
and no more than 15% of Managed Assets in any one issuer (for
purposes of this limitation, the issuer includes
both the MLP or limited liability company, as well as its
controlling general partner or managing member), in each case,
determined at the time of investment. Among other things, the
Investment Adviser will use fundamental and proprietary research
to seek to identify the most attractive MLPs and will seek to
invest in MLPs that have distribution growth prospects that, in
the Investment Advisers view, are high relative to
comparable MLPs and which are not fully reflected in current
pricing. The Investment Adviser believes that the MLPs most
likely to offer such attractive investment characteristics are
those that are relatively small and have proven and motivated
management teams that are able to develop projects
32
organically (greenfield or internally developed)
and/or to
successfully find, acquire and integrate assets and companies
that enhance value to shareholders. As part of the Funds
80% policy, the Investment Adviser will also seek to invest in
GP MLPs. The Investment Adviser believes the distribution growth
prospects of many GP MLPs are high relative to many other MLPs
and the Investment Adviser will seek to invest in GP MLPs in
which the Investment Adviser believes that such growth is not
fully reflected in current pricing. Like MLPs with strong
distribution growth prospects, GP MLPs with strong growth
prospects often trade at prices that result in relatively low
current yields. Since the Investment Adviser will seek to
maximize total return through a focus on MLPs and GP MLPs with
strong distribution growth prospects, the Investment Adviser
believes the current yield of the Fund will be lower than it
would be under a more diversified investment approach. The
Investment Adviser will seek to invest in IPOs and secondary
market issuances, PIPE transactions and private transactions,
including pre-acquisition and pre-IPO equity issuances and
investments in private companies.
|
|
|
|
|
The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective by investing,
under normal market conditions, at least 80% of its net assets,
plus any borrowings for investment purposes, in MLP investments.
Entities commonly referred to as MLPs are taxed as
partnerships for federal income tax purposes and are generally
organized under state law as limited partnerships or limited
liability companies. If publicly traded, MLPs must derive at
least 90% of their gross income from qualifying sources as
described in Section 7704 of the Code. For purposes of the
Funds 80% policy, MLP investments are
investments that offer economic exposure to public and private
MLPs in the form of common or subordinated units issued by MLPs,
securities of entities holding primarily general partner or
managing member interests in MLPs, debt securities of MLPs, and
securities that are derivatives of interests in MLPs, which are
I-Shares and
other MLP derivative securities.
|
|
|
|
The Fund may invest up to 50% of its Managed Assets in
securities of MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies that
are not publicly traded, or that are otherwise restricted
securities. For purposes of this limitation, restricted
securities include (i) registered securities of
public companies subject to a
lock-up
period greater than 30 days, (ii) unregistered
securities of public companies with registration rights until
such securities are registered for resale by the Fund or until
they become freely tradable with the passage of time, and
(iii) securities of companies that have no class of
registered or publicly offered securities (privately
held companies). The Fund does not intend to invest more
than 25% of its Managed Assets in securities of privately held
companies.
|
|
|
|
The Fund may invest up to 20% of its net assets, plus any
borrowings for investment purposes, in securities of companies
that are not MLPs, including Other Natural Resources Companies,
and U.S. and
non-U.S. issuers
that may not constitute Other Natural Resources Companies. These
investments may include securities such as partnership
interests, limited liability company interests or units, trust
units, common stock, preferred stock, convertible securities,
warrants and depositary receipts, debt securities, ETNs
(typically, unsecured, unsubordinated debt securities that trade
on a securities exchange and are designed to replicate the
returns of market benchmarks minus applicable fees), and
securities issued by investment companies registered under the
1940 Act including ETFs. The Investment Adviser anticipates that
the Fund will generally invest in ETFs or ETNs that focus their
investments on the energy, natural resources, utility, real
estate or banking industries.
|
|
|
|
The Fund may invest up to 20% of its Managed Assets in debt
securities of MLPs, Other Natural Resources Companies and other
issuers. Any securities issued by MLPs, including debt
securities, will count towards the Funds 80% policy.
|
Each percentage limitation applicable to the Funds
portfolio described in this Prospectus applies only at the time
of investment in the asset to which the percentage limitation
applies, and the Fund will not be required to sell securities
due to subsequent changes in the value of the securities it
owns. The Fund may invest in companies of any market
capitalization.
At the time of this offering, the Fund does not intend to invest
directly in commodities, although the Funds investments in
some MLPs will expose it to risks similar to risks arising from
investing in commodities.
33
The Fund may, but is not required to, write, purchase or sell
put or call options on securities, equity or fixed-income
indices or other instruments, write, purchase or sell futures
contracts or options on futures, or enter into other Strategic
Transactions.
The Fund may also engage in short sales to generate additional
return. This practice allows the short seller to profit from
declines in market prices to the extent such declines exceed the
transaction costs and the costs of borrowing the securities.
The Funds investment objective and percentage parameters,
including its 80% policy, are not fundamental policies of the
Fund and may be changed without shareholder approval.
Shareholders, however, will be notified in writing of any change
at least 60 days prior to effecting any such change.
THE
FUNDS INVESTMENTS
Description
of MLPs
Master limited partnerships are formed as limited partnerships
or limited liability companies and taxed as partnerships for
federal income tax purposes. The securities issued by many MLPs
are listed and traded on a U.S. exchange. An MLP typically
issues general partner and limited partner interests, or
managing member and member interests. The general partner or
managing member manages and often controls, has an ownership
stake in, and is normally eligible to receive incentive
distribution payments from, the MLP. To be treated as a
partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, an MLP
must derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable
year from specified qualifying sources as described in
Section 7704 of the Code.
These qualifying sources include natural resources-based
activities such as the exploration, development, mining,
production, processing, refining, transportation, storage and
certain marketing of mineral or natural resources. The general
partner or managing member may be structured as a private or
publicly traded corporation or other entity. The general partner
or managing member typically control the operations and
management of the entity through an up to 2% general partner or
managing member interest in the entity plus, in many cases,
ownership of some percentage of the outstanding limited partner
or member interests. The limited partners or members, through
their ownership of limited partner or member interests, provide
capital to the entity, are intended to have no role in the
operation and management of the entity and receive cash
distributions. Due to their structure as partnerships for
federal income tax purposes and the expected character of their
income, MLPs generally do not pay federal income taxes. Thus,
unlike investors in corporate securities, direct MLP investors
are generally not subject to double taxation (i.e.,
corporate level tax and tax on corporate dividends). Currently,
most MLPs operate in the energy and midstream, natural
resources, shipping or real estate sectors.
MLPs are typically structured such that common units and general
partner interests have first priority to receive the MQD. Common
and general partner interests also accrue arrearages in
distributions to the extent the MQD is not paid. Once common
units and general partner interests have been paid, subordinated
units generally receive distributions; however, subordinated
units generally do not accrue arrearages. The subordinated units
are normally owned by the owners or affiliates of the general
partner and convert on a one for one basis into common units,
generally in three to five years after the MLPs initial
public offering or after certain distribution levels have been
exceeded. Distributable cash in excess of the MQD is distributed
to both common and subordinated units generally on a pro rata
basis. The general partner is also normally eligible to receive
incentive distributions if the general partner operates the
business in a manner which results in payment of per unit
distributions that exceed threshold levels above the MQD. As the
general partner increases cash distributions to the limited
partners, the general partner receives an increasingly higher
percentage of the incremental cash distributions. A common
arrangement provides that the general partner can reach a tier
where it receives 50% of every incremental dollar distributed by
the MLP. These incentive distributions encourage the general
partner to increase the partnerships cash flow and raise
the quarterly cash distribution by pursuing steady cash flow
investment opportunities, streamlining costs and acquiring
assets. Such results benefit all security holders of the MLP.
34
Sector
Outlook
General. The Investment Adviser believes that
MLPs play a vital role in the movement of energy resources. Many
MLPs own midstream energy infrastructure assets used to
transport, process, and store natural gas, natural gas liquids,
crude oil, and refined petroleum products. Crude oil is
gathered, shipped, or trucked from producers (suppliers) and
transported through pipelines to storage/terminal facilities,
refined into petroleum products, and ultimately to end users.
While there are a number of contract structures with varying
degrees of commodity price sensitivity in the Investment
Advisers experience, these activities are usually
fee-based in nature, in which case revenues are simply a
function of throughput and a dollar rate per unit. Consequently,
cash flows typically have minimal direct commodity price
sensitivity, although they may frequently be exposed to indirect
commodity risk. See Principal Risks of the
Fund MLP and Other Natural Resources Company
Risks Commodity Price Risk. Generally, in the
natural gas and natural gas liquids value chain, natural gas is
gathered in the field and transported via pipelines to a central
processing facility where the natural gas liquids are separated
from the residue natural gas. The residue gas is then shipped to
end users, and the raw natural gas liquids go to a fractionation
facility. The raw natural gas liquids mix is separated into its
different components (ethane, propane, butane, etc.) and then
delivered to end use markets.
MLP operations are often referred to in the context of the
following business segments or subsectors:
|
|
|
|
|
Pipeline MLPs. Pipeline MLPs are common
carrier transporters of natural gas, natural gas liquids
(primarily propane, ethane, butane and natural gasoline), crude
oil or refined petroleum products (gasoline, diesel fuel and jet
fuel). Pipeline MLPs may also operate ancillary businesses such
as storage and marketing of such products. Revenue is derived
from capacity and transportation fees. Historically, in the
Investment Advisers view, pipeline output has been less
exposed to cyclical economic forces due in large part to its low
cost structure and government-regulated nature. In addition,
pipeline MLPs do not have much direct commodity price exposure
(as opposed to indirect exposure) because they do not own the
product being shipped.
|
|
|
|
Processing MLPs. Processing MLPs include
gatherers and processors of natural gas as well as providers of
natural gas liquid transportation, fractionation and storage
services. Revenue is typically derived from providing services
to natural gas producers, which require treatment or processing
before their natural gas commodity can be marketed to utilities
and other end user markets. Revenue for the processor is often
fee based, although it is not uncommon to have some
participation in the prices of the natural gas and natural gas
liquids commodities for a portion of revenue.
|
|
|
|
Exploration and Production MLPs (E&P
MLPs). E&P MLPs include MLPs that are
engaged in the exploration, development, production and
acquisition of crude oil and natural gas properties. E&P
MLP cash flows generally depend on the volume of crude oil and
natural gas produced and the realized prices received for crude
oil and natural gas sales.
|
|
|
|
Propane MLPs. Propane MLPs include MLPs that
are distributors of propane to end-users for space and water
heating. Revenue is typically derived from the resale of the
commodity at a margin over wholesale cost. The ability to
maintain margin is often a key to profitability. Propane serves
approximately 3% of the household energy needs in the United
States, largely for homes beyond the geographic reach of natural
gas distribution pipelines. Approximately 70% of annual cash
flow can be earned during the winter heating season (October
through March).
|
|
|
|
Coal MLPs. Coal MLPs include MLPs that own,
lease and manage coal reserves. Revenue is typically derived
from production and sale of coal or from royalty payments
related to leases to coal producers. Electricity generation is
the primary use of coal in the United States. Demand for
electricity and supply of alternative fuels to generators are
usually the primary drivers of coal demand. Coal MLPs are
subject to operating and production risks, such as: the MLP or a
lessee meeting necessary production volumes; federal, state and
local laws and regulations that may limit the ability to produce
coal; the MLPs ability to manage production costs and pay
mining reclamation costs; and the effect on demand that the
EPAs standards set in the Clean Air Act have on coal
end-users.
|
35
|
|
|
|
|
Marine Shipping MLPs. Marine Shipping MLPs
include MLPs that are primarily marine transporters of natural
gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil or refined petroleum
products. Marine shipping MLPs typically derive revenue from
charging customers for the transportation of these products
utilizing the MLPs vessels. Transportation services are
typically provided pursuant to a charter or contract, the terms
of which vary depending on, for example, the length of use of a
particular vessel, the amount of cargo transported, the number
of voyages made, the parties operating a vessel or other factors.
|
Investment Characteristics. The Investment
Adviser believes that the following are characteristics of MLPs
that make them attractive investments:
|
|
|
|
|
Many MLPs are utility-like in nature and have relatively stable,
predictable cash flows.
|
|
|
|
MLPs provide services which help meet the largely inelastic
demand of U.S. energy consumers. In its International
Energy Outlook 2008, the U.S. Energy Information
Administration projects 1.6% annual growth for worldwide energy
demand through 2030.
|
|
|
|
Transportation assets in the interstate and intrastate pipeline
sector are typically backed by relatively long-term contracts
and stable transportation rates (or tariffs) that are regulated
by FERC or by state regulatory commissions.
|
|
|
|
High barriers to entry may protect the business model of some
MLPs, since construction of the physical assets typically owned
by these MLPs generally requires significant capital
expenditures and long lead times.
|
|
|
|
As the location and quality of natural resources supplies
change, new midstream infrastructure such as gathering and
transportation pipelines, treating and processing facilities,
and storage facilities is needed to meet these new logistical
needs. Similarly, as the demographics of demand centers change,
new infrastructure is often needed. MLPs are integral providers
of these midstream needs.
|
|
|
|
Requirements for new and additional transportation fuel
compositions (e.g., reduced sulfur diesel and ethanol
blends) require additional logistical assets. MLPs are integral
providers of these logistical needs.
|
|
|
|
Midstream assets are typically long-lived and tend to retain
their economic value, and the risk of technological obsolescence
is low.
|
|
|
|
Master limited partnerships are pass-through
entities and do not pay federal income taxes at the entity
level. In general, a portion of their distribution payments is
treated as a return of capital.
|
|
|
|
In addition to their growth potential, MLP investments are
currently offering higher yields than some investments, such as
utilities and REITs. Of course, there can be no guarantee that
the MLP investments in the Funds portfolio will generate
higher yields than these other asset classes, and since the
Investment Adviser will seek to maximize total return through a
focus on MLPs and GP MLPs with strong distribution growth
prospects, the Investment Adviser believes the distribution
yield of the Fund will be lower than it would be under a more
diversified investment approach.
|
36
Sector Growth. Historically, MLP cash flow and
distribution growth has come primarily from two sources,
acquisitions and organic (internal) expansion projects, which
have also contributed to growth in market capitalization. Much
of this growth came from MLPs acquiring midstream assets from
utilities, natural gas pipeline companies, and major integrated
oil companies.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Market Cap ($MM)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
2003
|
|
|
Midstream
|
|
|
60,861
|
|
|
|
50,844
|
|
|
|
34,772
|
|
|
|
29,021
|
|
|
|
21,361
|
|
Propane
|
|
|
6,882
|
|
|
|
5,783
|
|
|
|
4,684
|
|
|
|
4,642
|
|
|
|
3,819
|
|
Coal
|
|
|
4,588
|
|
|
|
3,924
|
|
|
|
3,786
|
|
|
|
3,744
|
|
|
|
2,173
|
|
Shipping
|
|
|
3,027
|
|
|
|
2,820
|
|
|
|
1,955
|
|
|
|
921
|
|
|
|
218
|
|
Exploration & Production
|
|
|
5,450
|
|
|
|
7,638
|
|
|
|
719
|
|
|
|
647
|
|
|
|
525
|
|
G.P. Equity
|
|
|
19,537
|
|
|
|
15,624
|
|
|
|
3,353
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
|
|
0
|
|
Other(1)
|
|
|
24,808
|
|
|
|
20,636
|
|
|
|
13,593
|
|
|
|
11,580
|
|
|
|
9,938
|
|
Total
|
|
|
125,153
|
|
|
|
107,268
|
|
|
|
62,861
|
|
|
|
50,555
|
|
|
|
38,034
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Includes compression, crude oil and petroleum products |
Source: Factset, December 2007
The Investment Adviser believes that acquisitions will continue
to play an important role in driving growth. It estimates that
less than one third of all MLP-qualifying midstream assets in
the U.S. are currently owned by public MLPs. However, the
Investment Adviser believes organic (or internally developed)
growth projects, which generally are more visible and
predictable, will play an increasingly important role in driving
future growth.
A basic macro driver for organic growth has been the changing
dynamic of natural gas and oil supply and demand in North
America. As shown below, the growth of natural gas production in
the United States is largely occurring in unconventional gas
basins. As a result, the Investment Adviser believes that
investment options for MLPs involved in the natural gas
gathering, processing, storage and transportation businesses
continue to be abundant.
Annual
Energy Outlook 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Growth Rate (Base Year 2005)
|
|
|
|
10 Year
|
|
|
5 Year
|
|
|
3 Year
|
|
|
1 Year
|
|
|
US Natural Gas Production
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
United States Total
|
|
|
7.98
|
%
|
|
|
6.74
|
%
|
|
|
6.12
|
%
|
|
|
2.39
|
%
|
Lower 48 Onshore
|
|
|
4.00
|
%
|
|
|
7.16
|
%
|
|
|
8.74
|
%
|
|
|
5.58
|
%
|
Conventional
|
|
|
(20.85
|
)%
|
|
|
(3.87
|
)%
|
|
|
1.62
|
%
|
|
|
2.75
|
%
|
Unconventional
|
|
|
19.79
|
%
|
|
|
14.56
|
%
|
|
|
13.99
|
%
|
|
|
7.39
|
%
|
Lower 48 Offshore
|
|
|
28.19
|
%
|
|
|
7.14
|
%
|
|
|
(2.72
|
)%
|
|
|
(9.60
|
)%
|
Alaska
|
|
|
(17.03
|
)%
|
|
|
(9.04
|
)%
|
|
|
(10.40
|
)%
|
|
|
(8.29
|
%)
|
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, June 2008
The Investment Adviser believes that the current energy
infrastructure shortage in the United States may drive pipeline
and midstream MLP expansion projects and maintain competitive
pricing for pipeline throughput capacity. Several major new
pipeline projects are planned through 2010, with key projects
targeting new natural gas production from the Rockies and the
northern and eastern parts of Texas as well as imported
liquefied natural gas from the Gulf Coast. In addition, the
importation of more than one million barrels per day of
Canadian oil from Albertas oil sands has created the need
for new oil pipelines and storage terminals from the Canadian
border all the way south to the Cushing, Oklahoma storage and
trading hub. The Investment Adviser believes that all of these
new projects can provide multiple revenue opportunities for
MLPs. The
37
Investment Adviser believes that these large multi-year
infrastructure projects can give MLPs an alternative to growth
through acquisitions and make future cash flow growth more
predictable.
Largest
20 Planned Natural Gas Pipeline Projects for 2008, 2009, and
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capacity
|
|
Year
|
|
|
Region
|
|
Projects
|
|
|
Miles
|
|
|
(MMcf/d)
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Southwest
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
657
|
|
|
|
17,030
|
|
|
|
|
|
Central
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
889
|
|
|
|
4,900
|
|
|
|
|
|
Southeast
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
571
|
|
|
|
7.300
|
|
|
|
|
|
Northeast
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
161
|
|
|
|
1,500
|
|
|
|
|
|
Others
|
|
|
76
|
|
|
|
2,129
|
|
|
|
16,689
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
96
|
|
|
|
4,407
|
|
|
|
47,419
|
|
|
2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Southwest
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
766
|
|
|
|
15,095
|
|
|
|
|
|
Central
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
26
|
|
|
|
650
|
|
|
|
|
|
Southeast
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
1,140
|
|
|
|
6,768
|
|
|
|
|
|
Northeast
|
|
|
3
|
|
|
|
75
|
|
|
|
2,450
|
|
|
|
|
|
Midwest
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
393
|
|
|
|
1,800
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mexico
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
16
|
|
|
|
500
|
|
|
|
|
|
Others
|
|
|
47
|
|
|
|
1,278
|
|
|
|
7,199
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
67
|
|
|
|
3,695
|
|
|
|
34,462
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Southwest
|
|
|
4
|
|
|
|
92
|
|
|
|
4,200
|
|
|
|
|
|
Central
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
175
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
Southeast
|
|
|
6
|
|
|
|
361
|
|
|
|
5,977
|
|
|
|
|
|
Northeast
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
774
|
|
|
|
5,181
|
|
|
|
|
|
Midwest
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
240
|
|
|
|
1,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
Western
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
1,300
|
|
|
|
|
|
Others
|
|
|
15
|
|
|
|
279
|
|
|
|
2,612
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
1,955
|
|
|
|
21,270
|
|
|
|
|
|
3-Year
Total
|
|
|
198
|
|
|
|
10,057
|
|
|
|
103,151
|
|
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, July 2008
Securities
MLP Equity Securities. Equity securities
issued by MLPs typically consist of common and subordinated
units (which represent the limited partner or member interests)
and a general partner or managing member interest.
|
|
|
|
|
Common Units. The common units of many MLPs
are listed and traded on national securities exchanges,
including the NYSE, the American Stock Exchange (the
AMEX) and the NASDAQ Stock Market (the
NASDAQ). The Fund will typically purchase such
common units through open market transactions and underwritten
offerings, but may also acquire common units through direct
placements and privately negotiated transactions. Holders of MLP
common units typically have very limited control and voting
rights. Holders of such common units are typically entitled to
receive the MQD, including arrearage rights, from the issuer.
Generally, an MLP must pay (or set aside for payment) the MQD to
|
38
|
|
|
|
|
holders of common units before any distributions may be paid to
subordinated unit holders. In addition, incentive distributions
are typically not paid to the general partner or managing member
unless the quarterly distributions on the common units exceed
specified threshold levels above the MQD. In the event of a
liquidation, common unit holders are intended to have a
preference to the remaining assets of the issuer over holders of
subordinated units. Master limited partnerships also issue
different classes of common units that may have different
voting, trading, and distribution rights. The Fund may invest in
different classes of common units.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Subordinated Units. Subordinated units, which,
like common units, represent limited partner or member
interests, are not typically listed on an exchange or publicly
traded. The Fund will typically purchase outstanding
subordinated units through negotiated transactions directly with
holders of such units or newly-issued subordinated units
directly from the issuer. Holders of such subordinated units are
generally entitled to receive a distribution only after the MQD
and any arrearages from prior quarters have been paid to holders
of common units. Holders of subordinated units typically have
the right to receive distributions before any incentive
distributions are payable to the general partner or managing
member. Subordinated units generally do not provide arrearage
rights. Most MLP subordinated units are convertible into common
units after the passage of a specified period of time or upon
the achievement by the issuer of specified financial goals.
Master limited partnerships also issue different classes of
subordinated units that may have different voting, trading, and
distribution rights. The Fund may invest in different classes of
subordinated units.
|
|
|
|
General Partner or Managing Member
Interests. The general partner or managing member
interest in MLPs or limited liability companies is typically
retained by the original sponsors of an MLP or limited liability
company, such as its founders, corporate partners and entities
that sell assets to the MLP or limited liability company. The
holder of the general partner or managing member interest can be
liable in certain circumstances for amounts greater than the
amount of the holders investment in the general partner or
managing member. General partner or managing member interests
often confer direct board participation rights in, and in many
cases control over the operations of, the MLP. General partner
or managing member interests can be privately held or owned by
publicly traded entities. General partner or managing member
interests receive cash distributions, typically in an amount of
up to 2% of available cash, which is contractually defined in
the partnership or limited liability company agreement. In
addition, holders of general partner or managing member
interests typically receive incentive distribution rights, which
provide them with an increasing share of the entitys
aggregate cash distributions upon the payment of per common unit
distributions that exceed specified threshold levels above the
MQD. Due to the incentive distribution rights, GP MLPs have
higher distribution growth prospects than their underlying MLPs,
but quarterly incentive distribution payments would also decline
at a greater rate than the decline rate in quarterly
distributions to common and subordinated unit holders in the
event of a reduction in the MLPs quarterly distribution.
The ability of the limited partners or members to remove the
general partner or managing member without cause is typically
very limited. In addition, some MLPs permit the holder of
incentive distribution rights to reset, under specified
circumstances, the incentive distribution levels and receive
compensation in exchange for the distribution rights given up in
the reset.
|
|
|
|
I-Shares. I-Shares represent an ownership
interest issued by an MLP affiliate. The MLP affiliate uses the
proceeds from the sale of I-Shares to purchase limited
partnership interests in the MLP in the form of
I-units.
Thus, I-Shares represent an indirect limited partner interest in
the MLP.
I-units have
features similar to MLP common units in terms of voting rights,
liquidation preference and distribution. I-Shares differ from
MLP common units primarily in that instead of receiving cash
distributions, holders of I-Shares will receive distributions of
additional I-Shares in an amount equal to the cash distributions
received by common unit holders. I-Shares are traded on the NYSE
or the AMEX. For purposes of the Funds 80% policy,
securities that are derivatives of interests in MLPs are
I-Shares or other derivative securities that have economic
characteristics of MLP securities.
|
Other Equity Securities. The Fund may invest
in equity securities of issuers other than MLPs, including
common stocks of Other Natural Resources Companies and issuers
engaged in other sectors, including the
39
finance and real estate sectors. Such issuers may be organized
and/or taxed
as corporations and therefore may not offer the advantageous tax
characteristics of MLP units.
Debt Securities. The Fund may invest in debt
securities rated, at the time of investment, at least
(i) B3 by Moodys, (ii) B- by S&P or Fitch,
or (iii) a comparable rating by another rating agency,
provided, however, that the Fund may invest up to 5% of the
Funds Managed Assets in lower rated or unrated debt
securities. Debt securities rated below investment grade are
commonly known as junk bonds and are regarded as
predominantly speculative with respect to the issuers
capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with
the terms of the obligations, and involve major risk exposure to
adverse conditions. See Appendix A
Ratings of Investments.
Non-U.S. Securities. The
Fund may invest in
non-U.S. securities,
including, among other things,
non-U.S. securities
represented by ADRs. ADRs are certificates evidencing ownership
of shares of a
non-U.S. issuer
that are issued by depositary banks and generally trade on an
established market in the United States or elsewhere.
Investment
Practices
In addition to holding the portfolio investments described
above, the Fund may, but is not required to, use the following
investment practices:
Use of Derivatives. The Fund may use
derivative investments to hedge certain risks such as overall
market, interest rate and commodity price risks. The Fund may
engage in various interest rate and currency hedging
transactions, including buying or selling options or futures,
entering into other transactions including forward contracts,
swaps or options on futures and other derivatives transactions.
The Fund has claimed exclusion from the definition of the term
commodity pool operator adopted by the CFTC and the
National Futures Association, which regulate trading in the
futures markets. Therefore, the Fund is not subject to commodity
pool operator registration and regulation under the Commodity
Exchange Act.
The Fund may engage in Strategic Transactions. The Fund
generally seeks to use these transactions to manage its
effective interest rate exposure, including the effective yield
paid on any leverage used by the Fund, protect against possible
adverse changes in the market value of the securities held in or
to be purchased for its portfolio, or otherwise protect the
value of its portfolio. See Principal Risks of the
Fund Strategic Transactions Risk for a more
complete discussion of these transactions and their risks.
In addition, the Fund may engage in transactions intended to
hedge the currency risk to which it may be exposed. Currency
hedging transactions in which the Fund may engage include buying
or selling options or futures or entering into other foreign
currency transactions including forward foreign currency
contracts, currency swaps or options on currency and currency
futures and other derivatives transactions. Hedging transactions
can be expensive and have risks, including the imperfect
correlation between the value of such instruments and the
underlying assets, the possible default of the other party to
the transaction or illiquidity of the derivative instruments.
Furthermore, the ability to successfully use hedging
transactions depends on the Investment Advisers ability to
predict pertinent market movements, which cannot be assured. See
Principal Risks of the Fund Risks Associated
with an Investment in
Non-U.S. Companies
Currency Hedging Risk.
The Fund may also sell short Treasury securities to hedge its
interest rate exposure. When shorting Treasury securities, the
loss is limited to the principal amount that is contractually
required to be repaid at maturity and the interest expense that
must be paid at the specified times. See Principal Risks
of the Fund Short Sales Risk.
Use of Arbitrage and Other Strategies. The
Fund may use short sales, arbitrage and other strategies to try
to generate additional return. As part of such strategies, the
Fund may engage in paired long-short trades to arbitrage pricing
disparities in securities issued by MLPs and Other Natural
Resources Companies, write (or sell) covered call options on the
securities of MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies or
other securities held in its portfolio, write (or sell)
uncovered call options on the securities of MLPs and Other
Natural Resources Companies, purchase call options or enter into
swap contracts to increase its exposure to
40
MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies, or sell securities
short. With a long position, the Fund purchases a stock
outright, but with a short position, it would sell a security
that it does not own and must borrow to meet its settlement
obligations. The Fund will realize a profit or incur a loss from
a short position depending on whether the value of the
underlying stock decreases or increases, respectively, between
the time the stock is sold and when the Fund replaces the
borrowed security. To increase its exposure to certain issuers,
the Fund may purchase call options or use swap agreements. The
Fund expects to use these strategies on a limited basis. See
Principal Risks of the Fund Short Sales
Risk and Principal Risks of the Fund
Strategic Transactions Risk.
Portfolio Turnover. The Fund anticipates that
its annual portfolio turnover rate will be approximately 25%,
but that rate may vary greatly from year to year. Portfolio
turnover rate is not considered a limiting factor in the
Investment Advisers execution of investment decisions. A
higher portfolio turnover rate results in correspondingly
greater brokerage commissions and other transactional expenses
that are borne by the Fund.
Use of
Leverage
On October 19, 2007, the Fund entered into a
fully-collateralized borrowing arrangement with Credit Suisse.
Proceeds from the borrowing arrangement are used to execute the
Funds investment objective. The borrowing arrangement is
collateralized with investments held in a segregated account for
the benefit of Credit Suisse at the Funds custodian, which
collateral exceeds the amount borrowed.
The Fund may also seek to enhance its total returns through the
issuance of preferred shares and other Leverage Instruments, in
each case within the applicable limits of the 1940 Act. The Fund
may leverage through borrowings in an aggregate amount of up to
approximately
331/3%
of its Managed Assets (i.e. 50% of its net assets
attributable to the Funds common shares).
The Fund may leverage through the issuance of preferred shares
or other means, and at such times total leverage of the Fund is
generally expected to be in the range of 20% to 50% of the
Funds Managed Assets (i.e., 25% to 100% of its net
assets attributable to the Funds common shares). The Fund
may borrow from banks and other financial institutions.
The use of leverage creates risks and involves special
considerations. See Principal Risks of the
Fund Leverage Risk, Interest
Rate Risk and Fully-Collateralized
Borrowing Risk. To the extent that the Fund uses leverage,
it expects to utilize hedging techniques such as swaps and caps
on a portion of its leverage to mitigate potential interest rate
risk. See Principal Risks of the Fund Interest
Rate Hedging Risk.
Delaware trust law authorizes the Fund, without prior approval
of its common shareholders, to borrow money. In this regard, the
Fund may issue notes or other evidence of indebtedness
(including bank borrowings or commercial paper) and may secure
any such borrowings by mortgaging, pledging or otherwise
subjecting as security its assets. In connection with such
borrowing, the Fund may be required to maintain minimum average
balances with the lender or to pay a commitment or other fee to
maintain a line of credit. Any such requirements will increase
the cost of borrowing over the stated interest rate. Except as
set forth below, under the requirements of the 1940 Act the
Fund, immediately after any borrowings, must have asset
coverage of at least 300%
(331/3%
of its Managed Assets, or 50% of its net assets attributable to
the Funds common shares). With respect to borrowings,
asset coverage means the ratio which the value of the
Funds total assets, less all liabilities and indebtedness
not represented by senior securities (as defined in the 1940
Act), bears to the aggregate amount of such borrowing
represented by senior securities issued by the Fund.
The rights of the Funds lenders to receive interest on and
repayment of principal of borrowings will be senior to those of
the Funds common shareholders, and the terms of any such
borrowings may contain provisions which limit certain of the
Funds activities, including the payment of dividends to
the Funds common shareholders in certain circumstances.
Under the 1940 Act, the Fund may not declare any dividend or
other distribution on any class of its shares, or purchase any
such shares, unless its aggregate indebtedness has, at the time
of the declaration of any such dividend or distribution, or at
the time of any such purchase, an asset coverage of at least
300% after declaring the amount of such dividend, distribution
or purchase price, as the case may be. Further, the 1940 Act
does (in certain circumstances) grant the Funds lenders
certain voting
41
rights in the event of default in the payment of interest on or
repayment of principal. Subject to its ability to liquidate its
relatively illiquid portfolio, the Fund intends to repay
borrowings. A borrowing will likely be ranked senior or equal to
all of the Funds other existing and future borrowings.
The following types of borrowings are not subject to the
asset coverage limitation under the 1940 Act:
fully-collateralized borrowings held in a segregated account by
the Funds custodian, temporary borrowings not exceeding 5%
of the Funds total assets and any evidence of indebtedness
in consideration of a loan, extension or renewal thereof that is
privately arranged and not intended for public distribution.
Certain types of borrowings may result in the Funds being
subject to covenants in credit agreements relating to asset
coverage and portfolio composition requirements. The Fund may be
subject to certain restrictions on investments imposed by
guidelines of one or more rating agencies, which may issue
ratings for the Leverage Instruments issued by the Fund. These
guidelines may impose asset coverage or portfolio composition
requirements that are more stringent than those imposed by the
1940 Act. It is not anticipated that these covenants or
guidelines will impede the Investment Adviser from managing the
Funds portfolio in accordance with the Funds
investment objective and policies.
Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is not permitted to issue preferred
shares unless immediately after such issuance the value of its
total assets is at least 200% of the liquidation value of the
outstanding preferred shares (i.e., the liquidation value
may not exceed 50% of the Funds total assets). In
addition, the Fund is not permitted to declare any cash dividend
or other distribution on its common shares unless, at the time
of such declaration, the value of its total assets is at least
200% of such liquidation value. If the Fund issues preferred
shares, it intends, to the extent possible, to purchase or
redeem it from time to time to the extent necessary in order to
maintain asset coverage on such preferred shares of at least
200%. In addition, as a condition to obtaining ratings on the
preferred shares, the terms of any preferred shares issued are
expected to include asset coverage maintenance provisions which
will require the redemption of the preferred shares in the event
of non-compliance by the Fund and may also prohibit dividends
and other distributions on the Funds common shares in such
circumstances. In order to meet redemption requirements, the
Fund may have to liquidate portfolio securities. Such
liquidations and redemptions would cause the Fund to incur
related transaction costs and could result in capital losses to
the Fund. If the Fund has preferred shares outstanding, two of
its Trustees will be elected by the holders of preferred shares
as a class. The Funds remaining Trustees will be elected
by holders of its common shares and preferred shares voting
together as a single class. In the event the Fund fails to pay
dividends on its preferred shares for two years, holders of
preferred shares would be entitled to elect a majority of its
Trustees.
The Fund may also borrow money as a temporary measure for
extraordinary or emergency purposes, including the payment of
dividends and the settlement of securities transactions that
otherwise might require untimely dispositions of its securities.
Credit
Facility
The Fund may enter into definitive agreements with respect to a
credit facility. The Fund may negotiate with commercial banks to
arrange a credit facility pursuant to which the Fund would be
entitled to borrow an amount equal to approximately one third
331/3%
of its Managed Assets (i.e. 50% of the Funds net
assets attributable to the Funds common shares). Any such
borrowings would constitute financial leverage. Such a facility
is not expected to be convertible into any other securities of
the Fund. Any outstanding amounts are expected to be prepayable
by the Fund prior to final maturity without significant penalty,
and there are not expected to be any sinking fund or mandatory
retirement provisions. Outstanding amounts would be payable at
maturity or such earlier times as required by the agreement. The
Fund may be required to prepay outstanding amounts under a
facility or incur a penalty rate of interest in the event of the
occurrence of certain events of default. The Fund would be
expected to indemnify the lenders under the facility against
liabilities they may incur in connection with the facility. The
Fund may be required to pay commitment fees under the terms of
any such facility. With the use of borrowings, there is a risk
that the interest rates paid by the Fund on the amount it
borrows will be higher than the return on the Funds
investments.
42
In addition, the Fund expects that any such credit facility
would contain covenants that, among other things, likely will
limit the Funds ability to: (i) pay distributions in
certain circumstances, (ii) incur additional debt, and
(iii) change its fundamental investment policies and engage
in certain transactions, including mergers and consolidations.
In addition, it may contain a covenant requiring asset coverage
ratios in addition to those required by the 1940 Act. The Fund
may be required to pledge its assets and to maintain a portion
of its assets in cash or high-grade securities as a reserve
against interest or principal payments and expenses. The Fund
expects that any credit facility would have customary covenant,
negative covenant and default provisions. There can be no
assurance that the Fund will enter into an agreement for a
credit facility on terms and conditions representative of the
foregoing or that additional material terms will not apply. In
addition, any such credit facility may in the future be replaced
or refinanced by one or more credit facilities having
substantially different terms or by the issuance of preferred
shares.
Effects
of Leverage
Assuming the utilization of Leverage Instruments in the amount
of
331/3%
of the Funds Managed Assets (i.e., 50% of its net
assets attributable to the Funds common shares) and an
annual interest rate of 2.00% on borrowings payable on such
leverage based on market rates as of the date of this
Prospectus, the additional income that the Fund must earn (net
of expenses) in order to cover such interest expense is 0.67%.
The Funds actual cost of leverage will be based on market
rates at the time the Fund undertakes a leveraging strategy, and
such actual costs of leverage may be higher or lower than that
assumed in the previous example.
The following table is designed to illustrate the effect on the
return to a holder of the Funds common shares of Leverage
Instruments in the amount of approximately
331/3%
of the Funds Managed Assets (i.e., 50% of its net
assets attributable to the Funds common shares), assuming
hypothetical annual returns of the Funds portfolio of
minus 10% to plus 10%. As the table shows, leverage generally
increases the return to holders of common shares when portfolio
return is positive and greater than the cost of leverage and
decreases the return when the portfolio return is negative or
less than the cost of leverage. The figures appearing in the
table are hypothetical and actual returns may be greater or less
than those appearing in the table. See Principal Risks of
the Fund.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assumed Portfolio Total Return (Net of Expenses)
|
|
|
(10
|
)%
|
|
|
(5
|
)%
|
|
|
0
|
%
|
|
|
5
|
%
|
|
|
10
|
%
|
Common Share Total Return
|
|
|
(16
|
)%
|
|
|
(8.5
|
)%
|
|
|
(1
|
)%
|
|
|
6.5
|
%
|
|
|
14
|
%
|
Common share total return is composed of two elements: common
share dividends paid by the Fund (the amount of which is largely
determined by the Funds net investment income after paying
dividends or interest on its Leverage Instruments) and gains or
losses on the value of the securities the Fund owns. As required
by SEC rules, the table above assumes that the Fund is more
likely to suffer capital losses than to enjoy capital
appreciation. For example, to assume a total return of 0%, the
Fund must assume that the distributions it receives on its
investments are entirely offset by losses in the value of those
securities.
Lending
of Portfolio Securities
The Fund may lend its portfolio securities to broker-dealers and
banks. Any such loan must be continuously secured by collateral
in cash or cash equivalents maintained on a current basis in an
amount at least equal to 102% of the value of the securities
loaned. The Fund would continue to receive the equivalent of the
interest or dividends paid by the issuer on the securities
loaned and would also receive an additional return that may be
in the form of a fixed fee or a percentage of the collateral.
The Fund may pay reasonable fees for services in arranging these
loans. The Fund would have the right to call the loan and obtain
the securities loaned at any time on notice of not more than
five (5) business days. The Fund would not have the right
to vote the securities during the existence of the loan but
would call the loan to permit voting of the securities, if, in
the Investment Advisers judgment, a material event
requiring a shareholder vote would otherwise occur before the
loans were repaid. In the event of bankruptcy or other default
of the borrower, the Fund could experience both delays in
liquidating the loan collateral or recovering the loaned
securities and losses, including (a) possible decline in
the value of the collateral or in the value of the securities
loaned during the period while the Fund seeks to enforce its
rights to the collateral or loaned securities, (b) possible
43
subnormal levels of income and lack of access to income during
this period, and (c) expenses of enforcing its rights.
PRINCIPAL
RISKS OF THE FUND
General
Risk is inherent in all investing. The following discussion
summarizes some of the risks that a potential investor should
consider before deciding to purchase the Funds common
shares.
Limited Operating and Trading History. The
Fund was formed as a Delaware statutory trust on May 23,
2007 and is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment
company. The Fund commenced operations on August 27, 2007.
Being a recently organized company, the Fund is subject to all
of the business risks and uncertainties associated with any new
business, including the risk that the Fund will not achieve its
investment objective and that the value of an investment in the
Fund could decline substantially.
Investment and Market Risk. An investment in
the Funds common shares is subject to investment risk,
including the possible loss of an investors entire
investment. An investment in the Funds common shares
represents an indirect investment in the securities owned by the
Fund, some of which will be traded on a national securities
exchange or in the
over-the-counter
markets. The value of the securities in the Funds
portfolio, like other market investments, may move up or down,
sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. The value of the securities
in which the Fund invests will affect the value of its common
shares. The Funds common shares at any point in time may
be worth less than at the time of original investment, even
after taking into account the reinvestment of the Funds
dividends. The Fund is primarily a long-term investment vehicle
and should not be used for short-term trading. An investment in
the Funds common shares is not intended to constitute a
complete investment program and should not be viewed as such.
Market Discount From Net Asset Value
Risk. Shares of closed-end funds frequently trade
at discounts to their net asset value. This characteristic is a
risk separate and distinct from the risk that the Funds
net asset value could decrease as a result of its investment
activities and may be greater for investors expecting to sell
their shares in a relatively short period following completion
of this offering. The net asset value of the Funds common
shares will be reduced immediately following the offering as a
result of the payment of certain offering costs. Although the
value of the Funds net assets is generally considered by
market participants in determining whether to purchase or sell
shares, whether investors will realize gains or losses upon the
sale of the Funds common shares will depend entirely upon
whether the market price of its common shares at the time of
sale is above or below the investors purchase price for
the Funds common shares. Because the market price of the
Funds common shares will be affected by factors such as
net asset value, dividend or distribution levels (which are
dependent, in part, on expenses), supply of and demand for the
Funds common shares, stability of dividends or
distributions, trading volume of the Funds common shares,
general market and economic conditions, and other factors beyond
the control of the Fund, the Fund cannot predict whether its
common shares will trade at, below or above net asset value or
at, below or above the initial public offering price. The
Funds common shares have in the past traded below their
net asset value.
Sector
Concentration Risk
Under normal market conditions, and once the proceeds of each
offering are fully invested in accordance with its investment
objective, the Fund will have at least 80% of its net assets,
plus any borrowings for investment purposes, invested in MLP
investments, which operate primarily in the natural resources
sector. There are risks inherent in the natural resources sector
and the businesses of MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies, including those described below.
MLP
and Other Natural Resources Company Risks
Commodity Price Risk. The return on the
Funds investments in MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies will be dependent on the operating margins received
and cash flows generated by those companies
44
from the exploration for, and development, production,
gathering, transportation, processing, storage, refining,
distribution, mining or marketing of, coal, natural gas, natural
gas liquids, crude oil, refined petroleum products or other
hydrocarbons. These operating margins and cash flows may
fluctuate widely in response to a variety of factors, including
global and domestic economic conditions, weather conditions,
natural disasters, the supply and price of imported natural
resources, political instability, conservation efforts and
governmental regulation. Natural resources commodity prices have
been very volatile in the past and such volatility is expected
to continue. MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies engaged
in crude oil and natural gas exploration, development or
production, natural gas gathering and processing, crude oil
refining and transportation and coal mining or sales may be
directly affected by their respective natural resources
commodity prices. The volatility of, and interrelationships
between, commodity prices can also indirectly affect certain
other MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies due to the
potential impact on the volume of commodities transported,
processed, stored or distributed. Some MLPs or Other Natural
Resources Companies that own the underlying energy commodity may
be unable to effectively mitigate or manage direct margin
exposure to commodity price levels. The prices of MLP and Other
Natural Resources Companies securities can be adversely
affected by market perceptions that their performance and
distributions or dividends are directly tied to commodity prices.
Cyclicality Risk. The operating results of
companies in the broader natural resources sector are cyclical,
with fluctuations in commodity prices and demand for commodities
driven by a variety of factors. The highly cyclical nature of
the natural resources sector may adversely affect the earnings
or operating cash flows of the MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies in which the Fund will invest.
Supply Risk. The profitability of MLPs and
Other Natural Resources Companies, particularly those involved
in processing, gathering and pipeline transportation, may be
materially impacted by the volume of natural gas or other energy
commodities available for transportation, processing, storage or
distribution. A significant decrease in the production of
natural gas, crude oil, coal or other energy commodities, due to
the decline of production from existing resources, import supply
disruption, depressed commodity prices or otherwise, would
reduce the revenue, operating income and operating cash flows of
MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies and, therefore, their
ability to make distributions or pay dividends.
Demand Risk. A sustained decline in demand for
coal, natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil and refined
petroleum products could adversely affect an MLPs or an
Other Natural Resources Companys revenues and cash flows.
Factors that could lead to a sustained decrease in market demand
include a recession or other adverse economic conditions, an
increase in the market price of the underlying commodity that is
not, or is not expected to be, merely a short-term increase,
higher taxes or other regulatory actions that increase costs, or
a shift in consumer demand for such products. Demand may also be
adversely affected by consumer sentiment with respect to global
warming and by state or federal legislation intended to promote
the use of alternative energy sources.
Risks Relating to Expansions and
Acquisitions. MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies employ a variety of means to increase cash flow,
including increasing utilization of existing facilities,
expanding operations through new construction or development
activities, expanding operations through acquisitions, or
securing additional long-term contracts. Thus, some MLPs or
Other Natural Resources Companies may be subject to construction
risk, development risk, acquisition risk or other risks arising
from their specific business strategies. MLPs and Other Natural
Resources Companies that attempt to grow through acquisitions
may not be able to effectively integrate acquired operations
with their existing operations. In addition, acquisition or
expansion projects may not perform as anticipated. A significant
slowdown in merger and acquisition activity in the natural
resources sector could reduce the growth rate of cash flows
received by the Fund from MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies that grow through acquisitions.
Competition Risk. The natural resources sector
is highly competitive. The MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies in which the Fund will invest will face substantial
competition from other companies, many of which will have
greater financial, technological, human and other resources, in
acquiring natural resources assets, obtaining and retaining
customers and contracts and hiring and retaining qualified
personnel. Larger companies may be able to pay more for assets
and may have a greater ability to continue their
45
operations during periods of low commodity prices. To the extent
that the MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies in which the
Fund will invest are unable to compete effectively, their
operating results, financial position, growth potential and cash
flows may be adversely affected, which could in turn adversely
affect the results of the Fund.
Weather Risk. Extreme weather conditions, such
as Hurricane Ivan in 2004, Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005
and Hurricane Ike in 2008, could result in substantial damage to
the facilities of certain MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies located in the affected areas and significant
volatility in the supply of natural resources, commodity prices
and the earnings of MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies,
and could therefore adversely affect their securities.
Interest Rate Risk. The prices of the equity
and debt securities of the MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies the Fund expects to hold in its portfolio are
susceptible in the short term to a decline when interest rates
rise. Rising interest rates could limit the capital appreciation
of securities of certain MLPs as a result of the increased
availability of alternative investments with yields comparable
to those of MLPs. Rising interest rates could adversely impact
the financial performance of MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies by increasing their cost of capital. This may reduce
their ability to execute acquisitions or expansion projects in a
cost effective manner.
MLP Structure Risk. Holders of MLP units are
subject to certain risks inherent in the structure of MLPs,
including (i) tax risks (described further below),
(ii) the limited ability to elect or remove management or
the general partner or managing member (iii) limited voting
rights, except with respect to extraordinary transactions, and
(iv) conflicts of interest between the general partner or
managing member and its affiliates, on the one hand, and the
limited partners or members, on the other hand, including those
arising from incentive distribution payments or corporate
opportunities.
Sub-Sector
Specific Risk. MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies are also subject to risks that are specific to the
particular
sub-sector
of the natural resources sector in which they operate.
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|
|
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Pipelines. Pipeline companies are subject to
the demand for natural gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil or
refined products in the markets they serve, changes in the
availability of products for gathering, transportation,
processing or sale due to natural declines in reserves and
production in the supply areas serviced by the companies
facilities, sharp decreases in crude oil or natural gas prices
that cause producers to curtail production or reduce capital
spending for exploration activities, and environmental
regulation. Demand for gasoline, which accounts for a
substantial portion of refined product transportation, depends
on price, prevailing economic conditions in the markets served,
and demographic and seasonal factors. Companies that own
interstate pipelines that transport natural gas, natural gas
liquids, crude oil or refined petroleum products are subject to
regulation by FERC with respect to the tariff rates they may
charge for transportation services. An adverse determination by
FERC with respect to the tariff rates of such a company could
have a material adverse effect on its business, financial
condition, results of operations and cash flows of those
companies and their ability to pay cash distributions or
dividends. In addition, FERC has a tax allowance policy, which
permits such companies to include in their cost of service an
income tax allowance to the extent that their owners have an
actual or potential tax liability on the income generated by
them. If FERCs income tax allowance policy were to change
in the future to disallow a material portion of the income tax
allowance taken by such interstate pipeline companies, it would
adversely impact the maximum tariff rates that such companies
are permitted to charge for their transportation services, which
would in turn adversely affect the results of operations and
cash flows of those companies and their ability to pay cash
distributions or dividends to their unit holders or shareholders.
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Gathering and processing. Gathering and
processing companies are subject to natural declines in the
production of oil and natural gas fields, which utilize their
gathering and processing facilities as a way to market their
production, prolonged declines in the price of natural gas or
crude oil, which curtails drilling activity and therefore
production, and declines in the prices of natural gas liquids
and refined petroleum products, which cause lower processing
margins. In addition, some gathering and processing contracts
subject the gathering or processing company to direct
commodities price risk.
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46
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|
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Exploration and production. Exploration,
development and production companies are particularly vulnerable
to declines in the demand for and prices of crude oil and
natural gas. Reductions in prices for crude oil and natural gas
can cause a given reservoir to become uneconomic for continued
production earlier than it would if prices were higher,
resulting in the plugging and abandonment of, and cessation of
production from, that reservoir. In addition, lower commodity
prices not only reduce revenues but also can result in
substantial downward adjustments in reserve estimates. The
accuracy of any reserve estimate is a function of the quality of
available data, the accuracy of assumptions regarding future
commodity prices and future exploration and development costs
and engineering and geological interpretations and judgments.
Different reserve engineers may make different estimates of
reserve quantities and related revenue based on the same data.
Actual oil and gas prices, development expenditures and
operating expenses will vary from those assumed in reserve
estimates, and these variances may be significant. Any
significant variance from the assumptions used could result in
the actual quantity of reserves and future net cash flow being
materially different from those estimated in reserve reports. In
addition, results of drilling, testing and production and
changes in prices after the date of reserve estimates may result
in downward revisions to such estimates. Substantial downward
adjustments in reserve estimates could have a material adverse
effect on a given exploration and production companys
financial position and results of operations. In addition, due
to natural declines in reserves and production, exploration and
production companies must economically find or acquire and
develop additional reserves in order to maintain and grow their
revenues and distributions.
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Propane. Propane companies are subject to
earnings variability based upon weather patterns in the
locations where they operate and increases in the wholesale
price of propane which reduce profit margins. In addition,
propane companies are facing increased competition due to the
growing availability of natural gas, fuel oil and alternative
energy sources for residential heating.
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Coal. Coal companies are subject to declines
in the demand for and prices of coal. Demand variability can be
based on weather conditions, the strength of the domestic
economy, the level of coal stockpiles in their customer base,
and the prices of competing sources of fuel for electric
generation. They are also subject to supply variability based on
geological conditions that reduce the productivity of mining
operations, the availability of regulatory permits for mining
activities and the availability of coal that meets the standards
of the Clean Air Act. Demand and prices for coal may also be
affected by current and proposed regulatory limitations on
emissions from coal-fired power plants and the facilities of
other coal end users. Such limitations may reduce demand for the
coal produced and transported by coal companies. Certain coal
companies could face declining revenues if they are unable to
acquire additional coal reserves or other mineral reserves that
are economically recoverable.
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Marine shipping. Marine shipping companies are
subject to supply of and demand for, and level of consumption
of, natural gas, liquefied natural gas, crude oil, refined
petroleum products and liquefied petroleum gases in the supply
areas and market areas they serve, which affect the demand for
marine shipping services and therefore charter rates. Shipping
companies vessels and cargoes are also subject to the risk
of being damaged or lost due to marine disasters, extreme
weather, mechanical failures, grounding, fire, explosions,
collisions, human error, piracy, war and terrorism. Some vessels
may also require replacement or significant capital improvements
earlier than otherwise required due to changing regulatory
standards. Shipping companies or their ships may be chartered in
any country and the Funds investments in such issuers may
be subject to risks similar to risks related to investments in
non-U.S. securities.
|
Cash Flow Risk. The Fund will derive
substantially all of its cash flow from investments in equity
securities of MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies. The
amount of cash that the Fund has available to distribute to
shareholders will depend on the ability of the MLPs and Other
Natural Resources Companies in which the Fund has an interest to
make distributions or pay dividends to their investors and the
tax character of those distributions or dividends. The Fund will
likely have no influence over the actions of the MLPs in which
it invests with respect to the payment of distributions or
dividends, and may only have limited influence over Other
Natural Resources Companies in that regard. The amount of cash
that any individual MLP or Other Natural Resources Company can
distribute to its investors, including the Fund, will depend on
47
the amount of cash it generates from operations, which will vary
from quarter to quarter depending on factors affecting the
natural resources sector generally and the particular business
lines of the issuer. Available cash will also depend on the
MLPs or Other Natural Resources Companys operating
costs, capital expenditures, debt service requirements,
acquisition costs (if any), fluctuations in working capital
needs and other factors. The cash that an MLP will have
available for distribution will also depend on the incentive
distributions payable to its general partner or managing member
in connection with distributions paid to its equity investors.
Regulatory Risk. The profitability of MLPs and
Other Natural Resources Companies could be adversely affected by
changes in the regulatory environment. MLPs and Other Natural
Resources Companies are subject to significant foreign, federal,
state and local regulation in virtually every aspect of their
operations, including with respect to how facilities are
constructed, maintained and operated, environmental and safety
controls, and the prices they may charge for the products and
services they provide. Such regulation can change over time in
both scope and intensity. For example, a particular by-product
may be declared hazardous by a regulatory agency and
unexpectedly increase production costs. Various governmental
authorities have the power to enforce compliance with these
regulations and the permits issued under them, and violators are
subject to administrative, civil and criminal penalties,
including civil fines, injunctions or both. Stricter laws,
regulations or enforcement policies could be enacted in the
future which would likely increase compliance costs and may
adversely affect the financial performance of MLPs and Other
Natural Resources Companies.
Specifically, the operations of wells, gathering systems,
pipelines, refineries and other facilities are subject to
stringent and complex federal, state and local environmental
laws and regulations. These include, for example:
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the federal Clean Air Act and comparable state laws and
regulations that impose obligations related to air emissions;
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the federal Clean Water Act and comparable state laws and
regulations that impose obligations related to discharges of
pollutants into regulated bodies of water;
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the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) and comparable state laws and regulations
that impose requirements for the handling and disposal of waste
from facilities; and
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the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation
and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), also known as
Superfund, and comparable state laws and regulations
that regulate the cleanup of hazardous substances that may have
been released at properties currently or previously owned or
operated by MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies or at
locations to which they have sent waste for disposal.
|
Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may trigger a
variety of administrative, civil and criminal enforcement
measures, including the assessment of monetary penalties, the
imposition of remedial requirements, and the issuance of orders
enjoining future operations. Certain environmental statutes,
including RCRA, CERCLA, the federal Oil Pollution Act and
analogous state laws and regulations, impose strict, joint and
several liability for costs required to clean up and restore
sites where hazardous substances have been disposed of or
otherwise released. Moreover, it is not uncommon for neighboring
landowners and other third parties to file claims for personal
injury and property damage allegedly caused by the release of
hazardous substances or other waste products into the
environment.
There is an inherent risk that MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies may incur environmental costs and liabilities due to
the nature of their businesses and the substances they handle.
For example, an accidental release from wells or gathering
pipelines could subject them to substantial liabilities for
environmental cleanup and restoration costs, claims made by
neighboring landowners and other third parties for personal
injury and property damage, and fines or penalties for related
violations of environmental laws or regulations. Moreover, the
possibility exists that stricter laws, regulations or
enforcement policies could significantly increase the compliance
costs of MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies, and the
cost of any remediation that may become necessary. MLPs and
Other Natural Resources Companies may not be able to recover
these costs from insurance.
48
Proposals for voluntary initiatives and mandatory controls are
being discussed both in the United States and worldwide to
reduce emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon
dioxide, a by-product of burning fossil fuels, and methane, the
major constituent of natural gas, which many scientists and
policymakers believe contribute to global climate change. These
measures, if adopted, could result in increased costs to certain
companies in which the Fund may invest to operate and maintain
Natural Resources facilities and administer and manage a
greenhouse gas emissions program.
In the wake of a recent Supreme Court decision holding that the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has some legal
authority to deal with climate change under the Clean Air Act,
the federal government announced on May 14, 2007 that the
EPA and the Departments of Transportation, Energy, and
Agriculture would jointly write regulations to cut gasoline use
and control greenhouse gas emissions from cars and trucks. These
measures if adopted could reduce demand for energy or raise
prices, which may adversely affect the total return of certain
of the Funds investments.
Affiliated Party Risk. Certain MLPs and Other
Natural Resources Companies are dependent on their parents or
sponsors for a majority of their revenues. Any failure by an
MLPs or an Other Natural Resources Companys parents
or sponsors to satisfy their payments or obligations would
impact the MLPs or Other Natural Resources Companys
revenues and cash flows and ability to make distributions.
Moreover, the terms of an MLPs or an Other Natural
Resources Companys transactions with its parent or sponsor
are typically not arrived at on an arms-length basis, and
may not be as favorable to the MLP or Other Natural Resources
Company as a transaction with a non-affiliate.
Catastrophe Risk. The operations of MLPs and
Other Natural Resources Companies are subject to many hazards
inherent in the exploration for, and development, production,
gathering, transportation, processing, storage, refining,
distribution, mining or marketing of, coal, natural gas, natural
gas liquids, crude oil, refined petroleum products or other
hydrocarbons, including: damage to production equipment,
pipelines, storage tanks or related equipment and surrounding
properties caused by hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, fires and
other natural disasters or by acts of terrorism; inadvertent
damage from construction or other equipment; leaks of natural
gas, natural gas liquids, crude oil, refined petroleum products
or other hydrocarbons; and fires and explosions. These risks
could result in substantial losses due to personal injury or
loss of life, severe damage to and destruction of property and
equipment and pollution or other environmental damage, and may
result in the curtailment or suspension of their related
operations. Not all MLPs or Other Natural Resources Companies
are fully insured against all risks inherent to their
businesses. If a significant accident or event occurs that is
not fully insured, it could adversely affect the MLPs or
Other Natural Resources Companys operations and financial
condition.
Risks
Associated with an Investment in IPOs
Securities purchased in IPOs are often subject to the general
risks associated with investments in companies with small market
capitalizations, and typically to a heightened degree.
Securities issued in IPOs have no trading history, and
information about the companies may be available for very
limited periods. In addition, the prices of securities sold in
an IPO may be highly volatile. At any particular time or from
time to time, the Fund may not be able to invest in IPOs, or to
invest to the extent desired, because, for example, only a small
portion (if any) of the securities being offered in an IPO may
be available to the Fund. In addition, under certain market
conditions, a relatively small number of companies may issue
securities in IPOs. The investment performance of the Fund
during periods when it is unable to invest significantly or at
all in IPOs may be lower than during periods when it is able to
do so.
IPO securities may be volatile, and the Fund cannot predict
whether investments in IPOs will be successful. As the Fund
grows in size, the positive effect of IPO investments on the
Fund may decrease.
Risks
Associated with an Investment in PIPE Transactions
PIPE investors purchase securities directly from a publicly
traded company in a private placement transaction, typically at
a discount to the market price of the companys common
stock. Because the sale of the securities is not registered
under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the
Securities Act), the
49
securities are restricted and cannot be immediately
resold by the investors into the public markets. Accordingly,
the company typically agrees as part of the PIPE deal to
register the restricted securities with the SEC. PIPE securities
may be deemed illiquid.
Privately
Held Company Risk
Investing in privately held companies involves risk. For
example, privately held companies are not subject to SEC
reporting requirements, are not required to maintain their
accounting records in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, and are not required to maintain
effective internal controls over financial reporting. As a
result, the Investment Adviser may not have timely or accurate
information about the business, financial condition and results
of operations of the privately held companies in which the Fund
invests. In addition, the securities of privately held companies
are generally illiquid, and entail the risks described under
Liquidity Risk below.
Liquidity
Risk
The investments made by the Fund, including investments in MLPs,
may be illiquid and consequently the Fund may not be able to
sell such investments at prices that reflect the Investment
Advisers assessment of their value, the amount paid for
such investments by the Fund or at prices approximating the
value at which the Fund is carrying the securities on its books.
Furthermore, the nature of the Funds investments may
require a long holding period prior to profitability.
Although the equity securities of the MLPs and Other Natural
Resources Companies in which the Fund invests generally trade on
major stock exchanges, certain securities may trade less
frequently, particularly those with smaller capitalizations.
Securities with limited trading volumes may display volatile or
erratic price movements. Investment of the Funds capital
in securities that are less actively traded or over time
experience decreased trading volume may restrict the Funds
ability to take advantage of other market opportunities.
The Fund also expects to invest in unregistered or otherwise
restricted securities. Unregistered securities are securities
that cannot be sold publicly in the United States without
registration under the Securities Act, unless an exemption from
such registration is available. Restricted securities may be
more difficult to value and the Fund may have difficulty
disposing of such assets either in a timely manner or for a
reasonable price. In order to dispose of an unregistered
security, the Fund, where it has contractual rights to do so,
may have to cause such security to be registered. A considerable
period may elapse between the time the decision is made to sell
the security and the time the security is registered so that the
Fund could sell it. Contractual restrictions on the resale of
securities vary in length and scope and are generally the result
of a negotiation between the issuer and acquiror of the
securities. The Fund would, in either case, bear the risks of
any downward price fluctuation during that period. The
difficulties and delays associated with selling restricted
securities could result in the Funds inability to realize
a favorable price upon disposition of such securities, and at
times might make disposition of such securities impossible.
Tax
Risks
In addition to other risk considerations, an investment in the
Funds common shares will involve certain tax risks,
including, but not limited to, the risks summarized below and
discussed in more detail elsewhere in this Prospectus. Tax
matters are complicated, and the foreign and U.S. federal,
state and local tax consequences of the purchase and ownership
of the Funds common shares will depend on the facts of
each investors situation. Prospective investors are
encouraged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the
specific tax consequences that may affect such investors.
Tax Law Changes. Changes in tax laws,
regulations or interpretations of those laws or regulations in
the future could adversely affect the Fund or the MLPs or Other
Natural Resources Companies in which the Fund will invest. Any
such changes could negatively impact the Funds common
shareholders. Legislation could also negatively impact the
amount and tax characterization of dividends received by the
Funds common shareholders. Federal legislation has reduced
the federal income tax rate on qualified dividend income to the
rate applicable to long-term capital gains, which is generally
15% for individuals, provided a holding period
50
requirement and certain other requirements are met. This reduced
rate of tax on dividends is currently scheduled to revert to
ordinary income tax rates for taxable years beginning after
December 31, 2010, and the 15% federal income tax rate for
long-term capital gains is scheduled to revert to 20% for such
taxable years.
Tax Risk of MLPs. The Funds ability to
meet its investment objective will depend partially on the
amounts of taxable income, distributions and dividends it
receives from the securities in which it will invest, a factor
over which it has no control. The benefit the Fund will derive
from its investment in MLPs is largely dependent on the
MLPs being treated as partnerships for federal income tax
purposes. As a partnership, an MLP has no federal income tax
liability at the entity level. If, as a result of a change in
current law or a change in an MLPs business, an MLP were
to be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes,
it would be subject to federal income tax on its income at the
graduated tax rates applicable to corporations (currently a
maximum rate of 35%). In addition, if an MLP were to be
classified as a corporation for federal income tax purposes, the
amount of cash available for distribution by it would be reduced
and distributions received by the Fund from it would be taxed
under federal income tax laws applicable to corporate
distributions (as dividend income, return of capital, or capital
gain). Therefore, treatment of MLPs as corporations for federal
income tax purposes would result in a reduction in the after-tax
return to the Fund, likely causing a reduction in the value of
the Funds common shares.
Deferred Tax Risks of MLPs. As a limited
partner or member in the MLPs in which the Fund will invest, the
Fund will be required to include in its taxable income its
allocable share of income, gains, losses, deductions, and
credits from those MLPs, regardless of whether they distribute
any cash to the Fund. Historically, a significant portion of the
income from MLPs has been offset by tax deductions. The Fund
will incur a current tax liability on its allocable share of an
MLPs income and gains that is not offset by tax
deductions, losses and credits, or its net operating loss
carryforwards, if any. The portion, if any, of a distribution
received by the Fund from an MLP that is offset by the
MLPs tax deductions, losses or credits will be treated as
a tax-advantaged return of capital. However, those distributions
will reduce the Funds adjusted tax basis in the equity
securities of the MLP, which will result in an increase in the
amount of gain (or decrease in the amount of loss) that will be
recognized by the Fund for tax purposes upon the sale of any
such equity securities or upon subsequent distributions in
respect of such equity securities. The percentage of an
MLPs income and gains that is offset by tax deductions,
losses and credits will fluctuate over time for various reasons.
A significant slowdown in acquisition activity or capital
spending by MLPs held in the Funds portfolio could result
in a reduction of accelerated depreciation generated by new
acquisitions, which may result in increased current tax
liability for the Fund.
The Fund will accrue deferred income taxes for its future tax
liability associated with that portion of MLP distributions
considered to be a tax-advantaged return of capital, as well as
for its future tax liability associated with the capital
appreciation of its investments. Upon the Funds sale of an
MLP security, the Fund may be liable for previously deferred
taxes. The Fund will rely to some extent on information provided
by MLPs, which is not necessarily timely, to estimate deferred
tax liability for purposes of financial statement reporting and
determining its net asset value. From time to time, the Fund
will modify its estimates or assumptions regarding its deferred
tax liability as new information becomes available.
Tax Risks of Corporations. The Fund also
intends to invest in companies that are classified as
corporations for federal income tax purposes. Any distributions
received by the Fund from these companies will be taxed under
federal income tax laws applicable to corporate distributions
(as dividend income, return of capital or capital gain). The
amount of a corporate distribution taxable to the Fund as a
dividend will depend upon the earnings and profits of the
company making the distribution. Historically, the types of
corporate Other Natural Resources Companies in which the Fund
intends to invest generally have paid dividends to their equity
holders in excess of earnings and profits. However, the earnings
and profits of an Other Natural Resources Company will fluctuate
over time for a variety of reasons, including those discussed in
this Prospectus. An increase in a corporations earnings
and profits may result in a greater proportion of its corporate
distributions being treated as a taxable dividend, resulting in
an increased current tax liability to the Fund. In addition, the
Fund may invest in PFICs. As a result of an investment in a
PFIC, the Fund may be subject to an interest charge and
additional taxes or, if it makes a certain election, may be
required to recognize taxable income related to such investment
prior to its receipt of the corresponding cash.
51
Deferred Tax Risks of Investing in the Funds Common
Shares. A reduction in the percentage of the
distributions received by the Fund that are offset by tax
deductions, losses or credits, or an increase in its portfolio
turnover, will reduce that portion of its common share dividend
treated as a tax-advantaged return of capital and increase that
portion treated as dividend income, resulting in lower after-tax
dividends to its common shareholders.
See Tax Matters.
Risks
Associated with an Investment in
Non-U.S.
Companies
Non-U.S. Securities
Risk. Investing in securities of
non-U.S. issuers
involves certain risks not involved in domestic investments,
including, but not limited to: fluctuations in currency exchange
rates; future foreign economic, financial, political and social
developments; different legal systems; the possible imposition
of exchange controls or other foreign governmental laws or
restrictions; lower trading volume; greater price volatility and
illiquidity; different trading and settlement practices; less
governmental supervision; high and volatile rates of inflation;
fluctuating interest rates; less publicly available information;
and different accounting, auditing and financial recordkeeping
standards and requirements.
Non-U.S. Currency
Risk. Because the Fund may invest in securities
denominated or quoted in
non-U.S. currencies,
changes in the
non-U.S. currency/U.S. dollar
exchange rate may affect the value of the Funds securities
and the unrealized appreciation or depreciation of its
investments.
Currency Hedging Risk. The Fund may in the
future hedge against currency risk resulting from investing in
non-U.S. MLPs
and Other Natural Resources Companies valued in
non-U.S. currencies.
Currency hedging transactions in which the Fund may engage
include buying or selling options or futures or entering into
other foreign currency transactions including forward foreign
currency contracts, currency swaps or options on currency and
currency futures and other derivatives transactions. Hedging
transactions can be expensive and have risks, including the
imperfect correlation between the value of such instruments and
the underlying assets, the possible default of the other party
to the transaction or the illiquidity of the derivative
instruments. Furthermore, the ability to successfully use
hedging transactions depends on the Investment Advisers
ability to predict pertinent market movements, which cannot be
assured. Thus, the use of hedging transactions may result in
losses greater than if they had not been used, may require the
Fund to sell or purchase portfolio securities at inopportune
times or for prices other than current market values, may limit
the amount of appreciation the Fund can realize on an
investment, or may cause the Fund to hold a security that the
Fund might otherwise sell. The use of hedging transactions may
result in the Fund incurring losses as a result of matters
beyond the Funds control. For example losses may be
incurred because of the imposition of exchange controls, the
suspension of settlements or the Funds inability to
deliver or receive a specified currency.
Emerging Markets Risk. Investments in emerging
markets instruments, while generally providing greater potential
opportunity for capital appreciation and higher yields than
investments in more developed market instruments, may also
involve greater risk. Emerging markets may be subject to
economic, social and political risks not applicable to
instruments of developed market issuers, such as repatriation,
exchange control or other monetary restrictions, taxation risks,
and special considerations due to limited publicly available
information, less stringent regulatory standards, and lack of
uniformity in accounting.
With respect to certain countries, there is a possibility of
expropriation, confiscatory taxation, imposition of withholding
or other taxes on dividends, interest, capital gains or other
income, limitations on the removal of funds or other assets of
the Fund, political or social instability or diplomatic
developments that could affect investments in those countries.
An issuer of securities may be domiciled in a country other than
the country in whose currency the instrument is denominated. The
values and relative yields of investments in the securities
markets of different countries, and their associated risks, are
expected to change independently of each other.
52
Interest
Rate Risk
The costs associated with any leverage used by the Fund are
likely to increase when interest rates rise. Accordingly, the
market price of the Funds common shares may decline when
interest rates rise.
Legal
and Regulatory Risk
Legal, tax and regulatory changes could occur during the term of
the Fund that may adversely affect the Fund. The regulatory
environment for closed-end funds is evolving, and changes in the
regulation of closed-end funds may adversely affect the value of
investments held by the Fund and the ability of the Fund to
obtain the leverage it might otherwise obtain or to pursue its
trading strategy. In addition, the securities and futures
markets are subject to comprehensive statutes, regulations and
margin requirements. The SEC, other regulators and
self-regulatory organizations and exchanges are authorized to
take extraordinary actions in the event of market emergencies.
The regulation of derivatives transactions and funds that engage
in such transactions is an evolving area of law and is subject
to modification by governmental and judicial action. The effect
of any future regulatory change on the Fund could be substantial
and adverse.
Interest
Rate Hedging Risk
The Fund may from time to time hedge against interest rate risk
resulting from the Funds portfolio holdings and any
financial leverage it may incur. Interest rate transactions the
Fund may use for hedging purposes will expose the Fund to
certain risks that differ from the risks associated with its
portfolio holdings. There are economic costs of hedging
reflected in the price of interest rate swaps, caps and similar
techniques, the cost of which can be significant. In addition,
the Funds success in using hedging instruments is subject
to the Investment Advisers ability to correctly predict
changes in the relationships of such hedging instruments to the
Funds leverage risk, and there can be no assurance that
the Investment Advisers judgment in this respect will be
accurate. Depending on the state of interest rates in general,
the Funds use of interest rate hedging instruments could
enhance or decrease investment company taxable income available
to the holders of its common shares. To the extent there is a
decline in interest rates, the value of interest rate swaps or
caps could decline, and result in a decline in the net asset
value of the Funds common shares. In addition, if the
counterparty to an interest rate swap or cap defaults, the Fund
would not be able to use the anticipated net receipts under the
interest rate swap or cap to offset its cost of financial
leverage.
Arbitrage
Risk
A part of the Investment Advisers investment operations
may involve spread positions between two or more securities, or
derivatives positions including commodities hedging positions,
or a combination of the foregoing. The Investment Advisers
trading operations also may involve arbitraging between two
securities or commodities, between the security, commodity and
related options or derivatives markets, between spot and futures
or forward markets,
and/or any
combination of the above. To the extent the price relationships
between such positions remain constant, no gain or loss on the
positions will occur. These offsetting positions entail
substantial risk that the price differential could change
unfavorably, causing a loss to the position.
Equity
Securities Risk
Master limited partnership common units and other equity
securities of MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies can be
affected by macroeconomic, political, global and other factors
affecting the stock market in general, expectations of interest
rates, investor sentiment towards MLPs or the natural resources
sector, changes in a particular companys financial
condition, or the unfavorable or unanticipated poor performance
of a particular MLP or Other Natural Resources Company (which,
in the case of an MLP, is generally measured in terms of
distributable cash flow). Prices of common units and other
equity securities of individual MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies can also be affected by fundamentals unique to the
partnership or company, including earnings power and coverage
ratios.
MLP Subordinated Units. Master limited
partnership subordinated units are not typically listed on an
exchange or publicly traded. Holders of MLP subordinated units
are entitled to receive a distribution only after
53
the MQD has been paid to holders of common units, but prior to
payment of incentive distributions to the general partner or
managing member. Master limited partnership subordinated units
generally do not provide arrearage rights. Most MLP subordinated
units are convertible into common units after the passage of a
specified period of time or upon the achievement by the MLP of
specified financial goals.
General Partner and Managing Member
Interests. General partner and managing member
interests are not publicly traded, though they may be owned by
publicly traded entities such as GP MLPs. A holder of general
partner or managing member interests can be liable in certain
circumstances for amounts greater than the amount of the
holders investment. In addition, while a general partner
or managing members incentive distribution rights can mean
that general partners and managing members have higher
distribution growth prospects than their underlying MLPs, these
incentive distribution payments would decline at a greater rate
than the decline rate in quarterly distributions to common or
subordinated unit holders in the event of a reduction in the
MLPs quarterly distribution. A general partner or managing
member interest can be redeemed by the MLP if the MLP unit
holders choose to remove the general partner, typically by a
supermajority vote of the limited partners or members.
Small-Cap
and Mid-Cap Company Risk
Certain of the MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies in
which the Fund may invest may have small or medium-sized market
capitalizations (small-cap and mid-cap
companies, respectively). Investing in the securities of
small-cap or mid-cap MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies
presents some particular investment risks. These MLPs and Other
Natural Resources Companies may have limited product lines and
markets, as well as shorter operating histories, less
experienced management and more limited financial resources than
larger MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies, and may be
more vulnerable to adverse general market or economic
developments. Stocks of these MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies may be less liquid than those of larger MLPs and Other
Natural Resources Companies, and may experience greater price
fluctuations than larger MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies. In addition, small-cap or mid-cap company securities
may not be widely followed by investors, which may result in
reduced demand.
Leverage
Risk
The Fund may use leverage through fully-collateralized borrowing
arrangements, the issuance of preferred shares, commercial paper
or notes, other forms of borrowing or both. The use of leverage,
which can be described as exposure to changes in price at a
ratio greater than the amount of equity invested, either through
the issuance of preferred shares, borrowing or other forms of
market exposure, magnifies both the favorable and unfavorable
effects of price movements in the investments made by the Fund.
Insofar as the Fund employs leverage in its investment
operations, the Fund will be subject to increased risk of loss.
Leverage creates a greater risk of loss, as well as potential
for more gain, for the Funds common shares than if
leverage is not used. Preferred shares or debt issued by the
Fund would have complete priority upon distribution of assets
over common shares. Depending on the type of leverage involved,
the Funds use of financial leverage may require the
approval of its Board of Trustees. The Fund expects to invest
the net proceeds derived from any leveraging according to the
investment objective and policies described in this Prospectus.
So long as the Funds portfolio is invested in securities
that provide a higher rate of return than the dividend rate or
interest rate of the Leverage Instrument or other borrowing
arrangements, after taking its related expenses into
consideration, the leverage will cause the Funds common
shareholders to receive a higher rate of income than if it were
not leveraged. There is no assurance that the Fund will continue
to utilize leverage or, if leverage is utilized, that it will be
successful in enhancing the level of the Funds total
return. The net asset value of the Funds common shares
will be reduced by the fees and issuance costs of any leverage.
Leverage creates risk for holders of the Funds common
shares, including the likelihood of greater volatility of net
asset value and market price of the shares. Risk of fluctuations
in dividend rates or interest rates on Leverage Instruments or
other borrowing arrangements may affect the return to the
holders of the
54
Funds common shares. To the extent the return on
securities purchased with funds received from the use of
leverage exceeds the cost of leverage (including increased
expenses to the Fund), the Funds total return will be
greater than if leverage had not been used. Conversely, if the
return derived from such securities is less than the cost of
leverage (including increased expenses to the Fund), the
Funds total return will be less than if leverage had not
been used, and therefore, the amount available for distribution
to the Funds common shareholders will be reduced. In the
latter case, the Investment Adviser in its best judgment
nevertheless may determine to maintain the Funds leveraged
position if it expects that the benefits to the Funds
common shareholders of so doing will outweigh the current
reduced return. Under normal market conditions, the Fund
anticipates that it will be able to invest the proceeds from
leverage at a higher rate than the costs of leverage (including
increased expenses to the Fund), which would enhance returns to
the Funds common shareholders. The fees paid to the
Investment Adviser will be calculated on the basis of the
Funds Managed Assets, which include proceeds from Leverage
Instruments and other borrowings. During periods in which the
Fund uses financial leverage, the investment management fee
payable to the Investment Adviser will be higher than if the
Fund did not use a leveraged capital structure. Consequently,
the Fund and the Investment Adviser may have differing interests
in determining whether to leverage the Funds assets. The
Board of Trustees will monitor the Funds use of leverage
and this potential conflict.
Fully-Collateralized Borrowing Risk. The Fund
has entered into a fully-collateralized borrowing arrangement
with Credit Suisse. Proceeds from the borrowing arrangement are
used to execute the Funds investment objective. The
borrowing arrangement is collateralized with investments held in
a segregated account for the benefit of Credit Suisse at the
Funds custodian, which collateral exceeds the amount
borrowed. If the Fund is unable to repay the loan, the lender
may realize upon the collateral pledged by the Fund. Such
arrangements are also subject to interest rate risk. See
Principal Risks of the Fund Interest Rate
Risk.
Preferred Share Risk. Preferred share risk is
the risk associated with the issuance of the preferred shares to
leverage the common shares. If the Fund issues preferred shares,
the net asset value and market value of the common shares will
be more volatile, and the yield to the holders of common shares
will tend to fluctuate with changes in the shorter-term dividend
rates on the preferred shares. If the dividend rate on the
preferred shares approaches the net rate of return on the
Funds investment portfolio, the benefit of leverage to the
holders of the common shares would be reduced. If the dividend
rate on the preferred shares exceeds the net rate of return on
the Funds portfolio, the leverage will result in a lower
rate of return to the holders of common shares than if the Fund
had not issued preferred shares.
In addition, the Fund will pay (and the holders of common shares
will bear) all costs and expenses relating to the issuance and
ongoing maintenance of the preferred shares, including higher
advisory fees. Accordingly, the Fund cannot assure you that the
issuance of preferred shares will result in a higher yield or
return to the holders of the common shares. Costs of the
offering of preferred shares will be borne immediately by the
Funds common shareholders and result in a reduction of net
asset value of the common shares.
Similarly, any decline in the net asset value of the Funds
investments will be borne entirely by the holders of common
shares. Therefore, if the market value of the Funds
portfolio declines, the leverage will result in a greater
decrease in net asset value to the holders of common shares than
if the Fund were not leveraged. This greater net asset value
decrease will also tend to cause a greater decline in the market
price for the common shares. The Fund might be in danger of
failing to maintain the required asset coverage of the preferred
shares or of losing its ratings on the preferred shares or, in
an extreme case, the Funds current investment income might
not be sufficient to meet the dividend requirements on the
preferred shares. In order to counteract such an event, the Fund
might need to liquidate investments in order to fund a
redemption of some or all of the preferred shares. Liquidation
at times of low municipal bond prices may result in capital loss
and may reduce returns to the holders of common shares.
Preferred Shareholders May Have Disproportionate Influence
over the Fund. If preferred shares are issued,
holders of preferred shares may have differing interests than
holders of common shares and holders of preferred shares may at
times have disproportionate influence over the Funds
affairs. If preferred shares are issued, holders of preferred
shares, voting separately as a single class, would have the
right to elect two
55
members of the Board of Trustees at all times. The remaining
members of the Board of Trustees would be elected by holders of
common shares and preferred shares, voting as a single class.
The 1940 Act also requires that, in addition to any approval by
shareholders that might otherwise be required, the approval of
the holders of a majority of any outstanding preferred shares,
voting separately as a class, would be required to
(i) adopt any plan of reorganization that would adversely
affect the preferred shares and (ii) take any action
requiring a vote of security holders under Section 13(a) of
the 1940 Act, including, among other things, changes in the
Funds subclassification as a closed-end fund or changes in
its fundamental investment restrictions.
Credit Facility. The Fund may enter into
definitive agreements with respect to a credit facility. The
Fund may negotiate with commercial banks to arrange a credit
facility pursuant to which the Fund would be entitled to borrow
an amount equal to approximately
331/3%
of the Funds Managed Assets (i.e. 50% of the
Funds net assets attributable to the Funds common
shares). Any such borrowings would constitute financial
leverage. Such a facility is not expected to be convertible into
any other securities of the Fund. Any outstanding amounts are
expected to be prepayable by the Fund prior to final maturity
without significant penalty, and there are not expected to be
any sinking fund or mandatory retirement provisions. Outstanding
amounts would be payable at maturity or such earlier times as
required by the agreement. The Fund may be required to prepay
outstanding amounts under a facility or incur a penalty rate of
interest in the event of the occurrence of certain events of
default. The Fund would be expected to indemnify the lenders
under the facility against liabilities they may incur in
connection with the facility. The Fund may be required to pay
commitment fees under the terms of any such facility. With the
use of borrowings, there is a risk that the interest rates paid
by the Fund on the amount it borrows will be higher than the
return on the Funds investments.
The Fund expects that such a credit facility would contain
covenants that, among other things, likely will limit the
Funds ability to: (i) pay dividends in certain
circumstances, (ii) incur additional debt and
(iii) change its fundamental investment policies and engage
in certain transactions, including mergers and consolidations.
In addition, it may contain a covenant requiring asset coverage
ratios in addition to those required by the 1940 Act. The
Fund may be required to pledge its assets and to maintain a
portion of its assets in cash or high-grade securities as a
reserve against interest or principal payments and expenses. The
Fund expects that any credit facility would have customary
covenant, negative covenant and default provisions. There can be
no assurance that the Fund will enter into an agreement for a
credit facility on terms and conditions representative of the
foregoing or that additional material terms will not apply. In
addition, if entered into, any such credit facility may in the
future be replaced or refinanced by one or more credit
facilities having substantially different terms or by the
issuance of preferred shares.
Portfolio Guidelines of Rating Agencies. In
order to obtain and maintain the required ratings of loans from
a credit facility, the Fund will be required to comply with
investment quality, diversification and other guidelines
established by Moodys
and/or
S&P or the credit facility, respectively. Such guidelines
will likely be more restrictive than the restrictions otherwise
applicable to the Fund as described in this Prospectus. The Fund
does not anticipate that such guidelines would have a material
adverse effect on the Funds holders of common shares or
its ability to achieve its investment objective. No minimum
rating is required for the issuance of preferred shares by the
Fund. Moodys and S&P would receive fees in connection
with their ratings issuances.
Securities
Lending Risk
The Fund may lend its portfolio securities (up to a maximum of
one-third of its Managed Assets) to banks or dealers which meet
the creditworthiness standards established by the Board of
Trustees of the Fund. Securities lending is subject to the risk
that loaned securities may not be available to the Fund on a
timely basis and the Fund may, therefore, lose the opportunity
to sell the securities at a desirable price. Any loss in the
market price of securities loaned by the Fund that occurs during
the term of the loan would be borne by the Fund and would
adversely affect the Funds performance. Also, there may be
delays in recovery, or no recovery, of securities loaned or even
a loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower of the
securities fail financially while the loan is outstanding. These
risks may be greater for
non-U.S. securities.
56
Non-Diversification
Risk
The Fund is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment
company under the 1940 Act. The Fund may invest a relatively
high percentage of its assets in a limited number of issuers. To
the extent the Fund invests a relatively high percentage of the
Funds assets in the securities of a limited number of
issuers, the Fund may be more susceptible than a more widely
diversified investment company to any single economic, political
or regulatory occurrence.
Valuation
Risk
Market prices may not be readily available for certain of the
Funds investments, and the value of such investments will
ordinarily be determined based on fair valuations determined by
the Board of Trustees or its designee pursuant to procedures
adopted by the Board of Trustees. Restrictions on resale or the
absence of a liquid secondary market may adversely affect the
Funds ability to determine its net asset value. The sale
price of securities that are not readily marketable may be lower
or higher than the Funds most recent determination of
their fair value.
Additionally, the value of these securities typically requires
more reliance on the judgment of the Investment Adviser than
that required for securities for which there is an active
trading market. Due to the difficulty in valuing these
securities and the absence of an active trading market for these
investments, the Fund may not be able to realize these
securities true value or may have to delay their sale in
order to do so.
When determining the fair value of an asset, the Investment
Adviser will seek to determine the price that the Fund might
reasonably expect to receive from the current sale of that asset
in an arms length transaction. Fair value pricing,
however, involves judgments that are inherently subjective and
inexact, since fair valuation procedures are used only when it
is not possible to be sure what value should be attributed to a
particular asset or when an event will affect the market price
of an asset and to what extent. As a result, there can be no
assurance that fair value pricing will reflect actual market
value and it is possible that the fair value determined for a
security will be materially different from the value that
actually could be or is realized upon the sale of that asset.
See Net Asset Value.
Portfolio
Turnover Risk
The Fund anticipates that its annual portfolio turnover rate
will be approximately 25%, but that rate may vary greatly from
year to year. Portfolio turnover rate is not considered a
limiting factor in the Investment Advisers execution of
investment decisions. A higher portfolio turnover rate results
in correspondingly greater brokerage commissions and other
transactional expenses that are borne by the Fund.
Strategic
Transactions Risk
The Fund may engage in Strategic Transactions, including the
purchase and sale of derivative investments such as
exchange-listed and
over-the-counter
put and call options on securities, equity, fixed income and
interest rate indices, and other financial instruments, and may
enter into various interest rate transactions such as swaps,
caps, floors or collars or credit transactions and credit
default swaps and invest in forward contracts. The Fund also may
purchase derivative investments that combine features of these
instruments. The use of derivatives has risks, including the
imperfect correlation between the value of such instruments and
the underlying assets, the possible default of the other party
to the transaction or illiquidity of the derivative investments.
Furthermore, the ability to successfully use these techniques
depends on the Funds ability to predict pertinent market
movements, which cannot be assured. Thus, their use may result
in losses greater than if they had not been used, may require
the Fund to sell or purchase portfolio securities at inopportune
times or for prices other than current market values, may limit
the amount of appreciation the Fund can realize on an investment
or may cause the Fund to hold a security that it might otherwise
sell. Additionally, amounts paid by the Fund as premiums and
cash, or other assets held in margin accounts with respect to
derivative transactions, are not otherwise available to the Fund
for investment purposes.
57
The Fund may write covered call options. As the writer of a
covered call option, the Fund gives up the opportunity during
the options life to profit from increases in the market
value of the security covering the call option above the sum of
the premium and the strike price of the call, but the Fund
retains the risk of loss should the price of the underlying
security decline.
The Fund may also write uncovered call options (i.e.,
where the Fund does not own the underlying security or index) to
a limited extent. Similar to a naked short sale, writing an
uncovered call creates the risk of an unlimited loss, in that
the price of the underlying security could theoretically
increase without limit, thus increasing the cost of buying those
securities to cover the call option if it is exercised before it
expires. There can be no assurance that the securities necessary
to cover the call option will be available for purchase.
Purchasing securities to cover an uncovered call option can
itself cause the price of the securities to rise, further
exacerbating the loss.
The writer of an option has no control over the time when it may
be required to fulfill its obligation as a writer of the option.
Once an option writer has received an exercise notice, it cannot
effect a closing purchase transaction in order to terminate its
obligation under the option and must deliver the underlying
security at the exercise price. There can be no assurance that a
liquid market will exist when the Fund seeks to close out an
option position. If trading were suspended in an option
purchased by the Fund, the Fund would not be able to close out
the option. If the Fund were unable to close out a covered call
option that the Fund had written on a security, the Fund would
not be able to sell the underlying security unless the option
expired without exercise. If the Fund were unable to close out
an uncovered call option that the Fund had written on a
security, the Fund retains the risk of a price increase in the
underlying security until the Fund purchases the security or the
option expires without exercise.
Depending on whether the Fund would be entitled to receive net
payments from the counterparty on a swap or cap, which in turn
would depend on the general state of short-term interest rates
at that point in time, a default by a counterparty could
negatively impact the performance of the Funds common
shares. In addition, at the time an interest rate swap or cap
transaction reaches its scheduled termination date, there is a
risk that the Fund would not be able to obtain a replacement
transaction or that the terms of the replacement would not be as
favorable as on the expiring transaction. If this occurs, it
could have a negative impact on the performance of the
Funds common shares. If the Fund fails to maintain any
required asset coverage ratios in connection with any use by the
Fund of Leverage Instruments, the Fund may be required to redeem
or prepay some or all of the Leverage Instruments. Such
redemption or prepayment would likely result in the Funds
seeking to terminate early all or a portion of any swap or cap
transactions. Early termination of a swap could result in a
termination payment by or to the Fund. Early termination of a
cap could result in a termination payment to the Fund.
The Fund intends to segregate liquid assets against or otherwise
cover its future obligations under such swap or cap
transactions, in order to provide that its future commitments
for which the Fund has not segregated liquid assets against or
otherwise covered, together with any outstanding Leverage
Instruments, will not exceed the applicable limits of the 1940
Act. In addition, such transactions and other use of Leverage
Instruments by the Fund will be subject to the asset coverage
requirements of the 1940 Act.
The use of interest rate swaps and caps is a highly specialized
activity that involves investment techniques and risks different
from those associated with ordinary portfolio security
transactions. Depending on market conditions in general, the
Funds use of swaps or caps could enhance or harm the
overall performance of its common shares. For example, the Fund
may use interest rate swaps and caps in connection with any use
by the Fund of Leverage Instruments and other borrowing
arrangements. To the extent there is a decline in interest
rates, the value of the interest rate swap or cap could decline,
and could result in a decline in the net asset value of the
Funds common shares. In addition, if short-term interest
rates are lower than the Funds fixed rate of payment on
the interest rate swap, the swap will reduce common shares net
earnings. Buying interest rate caps could decrease the net
earnings of the Funds common shares in the event that the
premium paid by the Fund to the counterparty exceeds the
additional amount the Fund would have been required to pay had
the Fund not entered into the cap agreement.
58
Interest rate swaps and caps do not involve the delivery of
securities or other underlying assets or principal. Accordingly,
the risk of loss with respect to interest rate swaps is limited
to the net amount of interest payments that the Fund is
contractually obligated to make. If the counterparty defaults,
the Fund would not be able to use the anticipated net receipts
under the swap or cap to offset any declines in the value of the
Funds portfolio assets being hedged or the increase in its
cost of financial leverage. Depending on whether the Fund would
be entitled to receive net payments from the counterparty on the
swap or cap, which in turn would depend on the general state of
the market rates at that point in time, such a default could
negatively impact the performance of the Funds common
shares.
The Fund may invest in forward contracts entered into directly
with banks, financial institutions and other dealers acting as
principal. Forward contracts may not be liquid in all
circumstances, so that in volatile markets, the Fund to the
extent it wishes to do so may not be able to close out a
position by taking another position equal and opposite to such
position on a timely basis or without incurring a sizeable loss.
Closing transactions with respect to forward contracts usually
are effected with the counterparty who is a party to the
original forward contract and generally require the consent of
such trader. There can be no assurance that the Fund will be
able to close out its obligations.
There are no limitations on daily price moves in forward
contracts. Banks and other financial institutions with which the
Fund may maintain accounts may require the Fund to deposit
margin with respect to such trading. Banks are not required to
continue to make markets in forward contracts. There have been
periods during which certain banks have refused to quote prices
for such forward contracts or have quoted prices with an
unusually wide spread between the price at which the bank is
prepared to buy and that at which it is prepared to sell.
Trading of forward contracts through banks is not regulated by
any U.S. governmental agency. The Fund will be subject to
the risk of bank failure and the inability of, or refusal by, a
bank to perform with respect to such contracts.
Convertible
Instrument Risk
The Fund may invest in convertible instruments. A convertible
instrument is a bond, debenture, note, preferred stock or other
security that may be converted into or exchanged for a
prescribed amount of common shares of the same or a different
issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price
or formula. Convertible debt instruments have characteristics of
both fixed income and equity investments. Convertible
instruments are subject both to the stock market risk associated
with equity securities and to the credit and interest rate risks
associated with fixed-income securities. As the market price of
the equity security underlying a convertible instrument falls,
the convertible instrument tends to trade on the basis of its
yield and other fixed-income characteristics. As the market
price of such equity security rises, the convertible security
tends to trade on the basis of its equity conversion features.
The Fund may invest in convertible instruments that have varying
conversion values. Convertible instruments are typically issued
at prices that represent a premium to their conversion value.
Accordingly, the value of a convertible instruments increases
(or decreases) as the price of the underlying equity security
increases (or decreases). If a convertible instrument held by
the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to
permit the issuer to redeem the instrument, or convert it into
the underlying stock, and will hold the stock to the extent the
Investment Adviser determines that such equity investment is
consistent with the investment objective of the Fund.
Short
Sales Risk
Short selling involves selling securities which may or may not
be owned and borrowing the same securities for delivery to the
purchaser, with an obligation to replace the borrowed securities
at a later date. Short selling allows the short seller to profit
from declines in market prices to the extent such declines
exceed the transaction costs and the costs of borrowing the
securities. A naked short sale creates the risk of an unlimited
loss because the price of the underlying security could
theoretically increase without limit, thus increasing the cost
of buying those securities to cover the short position. There
can be no assurance that the securities necessary to cover a
short position will be available for purchase. Purchasing
securities to close out the short position can itself cause the
price of the securities to rise, further exacerbating the loss.
59
The Funds obligation to replace the borrowed security will
be secured by collateral deposited with the broker-dealer,
usually cash, U.S. government securities or other liquid
securities similar to those borrowed. The Fund also will be
required to segregate similar collateral to the extent, if any,
necessary so that the value of both collateral amounts in the
aggregate is at all times equal to at least 100% of the current
market value of the security sold short. Depending on
arrangements made with the broker-dealer from which the Fund
borrowed the security regarding payment over of any payments
received by the Fund on such security, the Fund may not receive
any payments (including interest) on the Funds collateral
deposited with such broker-dealer.
Inflation
Risk
Inflation risk is the risk that the value of assets or income
from investment will be worth less in the future as inflation
decreases the value of money. As inflation increases, the real
value of the Funds common shares and dividends can decline.
Debt
Securities Risks
Debt securities are subject to many of the risks described
elsewhere in this section. In addition, they are subject to
credit risk, prepayment risk and, depending on their quality,
other special risks.
Credit Risk. An issuer of a debt security may
be unable to make interest payments and repay principal. The
Fund could lose money if the issuer of a debt obligation is, or
is perceived to be, unable or unwilling to make timely principal
and/or
interest payments, or to otherwise honor its obligations. The
downgrade of a security may further decrease its value.
Below Investment Grade and Unrated Debt Securities
Risk. Below investment grade debt securities in
which the Fund may invest are rated from B3 to Ba1 by
Moodys, from B- to BB+ by Fitch or S&P, or comparably
rated by another rating agency. Below investment grade and
unrated debt securities generally pay a premium above the yields
of U.S. government securities or debt securities of
investment grade issuers because they are subject to greater
risks than these securities. These risks, which reflect their
speculative character, include the following: greater yield and
price volatility; greater credit risk and risk of default;
potentially greater sensitivity to general economic or industry
conditions; potential lack of attractive resale opportunities
(illiquidity); and additional expenses to seek recovery from
issuers who default.
In addition, the prices of these below investment grade and
unrated debt securities are more sensitive to negative
developments, such as a decline in the issuers revenues,
downturns in profitability in the natural resources industry or
a general economic downturn, than are the prices of higher-grade
securities. Below investment grade and unrated debt securities
tend to be less liquid than investment grade securities and the
market for below investment grade and unrated debt securities
could contract further under adverse market or economic
conditions. In such a scenario, it may be more difficult for the
Fund to sell these securities in a timely manner or for as high
a price as could be realized if such securities were more widely
traded. The market value of below investment grade and unrated
debt securities may be more volatile than the market value of
investment grade securities and generally tends to reflect the
markets perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer
and short-term market developments to a greater extent than
investment grade securities, which primarily reflect
fluctuations in general levels of interest rates. In the event
of a default by a below investment grade or unrated debt
security held in the Funds portfolio in the payment of
principal or interest, the Fund may incur additional expense to
the extent the Fund is required to seek recovery of such
principal or interest.
For a description of the ratings categories of certain rating
agencies, see Appendix A to this Prospectus.
Reinvestment Risk. Certain debt instruments,
particularly below investment grade securities, may contain call
or redemption provisions which would allow the issuer of the
debt instrument to prepay principal prior to the debt
instruments stated maturity. This is also sometimes known
as prepayment risk. Prepayment risk is greater during a falling
interest rate environment as issuers can reduce their cost of
capital by refinancing higher yielding debt instruments with
lower yielding debt instruments. An issuer may also elect to
refinance
60
its debt instruments with lower yielding debt instruments if the
credit standing of the issuer improves. To the extent debt
securities in the Funds portfolio are called or redeemed,
the Fund may be forced to reinvest in lower yielding securities.
ETN
and ETF Risk
An ETN or ETF that is based on a specific index may not be able
to replicate and maintain exactly the composition and relative
weighting of securities in the index. An ETN or ETF also incurs
certain expenses not incurred by its applicable index. The
market value of an ETN or ETF share may differ from its net
asset value; the share may trade at a premium or discount to its
net asset value, which may be due to, among other things,
differences in the supply and demand in the market for the share
and the supply and demand in the market for the underlying
assets of the ETN or ETF. In addition, certain securities that
are part of the index tracked by an ETN or ETF may, at times, be
unavailable, which may impede the ETNs or ETFs
ability to track its index. An ETF that uses leverage can, at
times, be relatively illiquid, which can affect whether its
share price approximates net asset value. As a result of using
leverage, an ETF is subject to the risk of failure in the
futures and options markets it uses to obtain leverage and the
risk that a counterparty will default on its obligations, which
can result in a loss to the Fund. Although an ETN is a debt
security, it is unlike a typical bond, in that there are no
periodic interest payments and principal is not protected.
Terrorism
and Market Disruption Risk
The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 had a
disruptive effect on the U.S. economy and securities
markets. United States military and related action in Iraq and
Afghanistan is ongoing and events in the Middle East could have
significant, continuing adverse effects on the U.S. economy
in general and the natural resources sector in particular.
Global political and economic instability could affect an
MLPs or an Other Natural Resources Companys
operations in unpredictable ways, including through disruptions
of natural resources supplies and markets and the resulting
volatility in commodity prices. The U.S. government has
issued warnings that natural resources assets, specifically
pipeline infrastructure and production, transmission and
distribution facilities, may be future targets of terrorist
activities. In addition, changes in the insurance markets have
made certain types of insurance more difficult, if not
impossible, to obtain and have generally resulted in increased
premium costs.
Market
Volatility
The residential housing sector in the United States has been
under considerable pressure during the past two years with home
prices nationwide down 15% to 20% on average and nearly twice
that in certain regions. Residential mortgage delinquencies and
foreclosures have increased over this time and have, in turn,
led to widespread selling in the mortgage-related market and put
downward pressure on the prices of many securities, including
many of our investments and the price of our common shares.
Additionally, the federal rescue of Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae and
American International Group, as well as the filing of
bankruptcy by Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc. and the concern
that other financial institutions are also experiencing severe
economic distress and that the global financial system is under
stress have led to significant market volatility and thus
further increase the illiquidity of our investments,
particularly our thinly-capitalized investments. The current
financial market situation, as well as various social,
political, and psychological tensions in the United States and
around the world, may continue to contribute to increased market
volatility, may have long-term effects on the U.S. and
worldwide financial markets (and in particular the housing and
mortgage markets); and may cause further economic uncertainties
or deterioration in the United States and worldwide. The
Investment Adviser does not know how long the financial markets
will continue to be affected by these events and cannot predict
the effects of these or similar events in the future on the
U.S. economy and securities markets in our portfolio. Given
the risks described above, an investment in our common shares
may not be appropriate for all prospective investors. A
prospective investor should carefully consider his or her
ability to assume these risks before making an investment in the
Fund.
61
Investment
Management Risk
The Funds portfolio is subject to investment management
risk because it will be actively managed. The Investment Adviser
will apply investment techniques and risk analyses in making
investment decisions for the Fund, but there can be no guarantee
that they will produce the desired results.
The decisions with respect to the management of the Fund are
made exclusively by the Investment Adviser, subject to the
oversight of the Board of Trustees. Investors have no right or
power to take part in the management of the Fund. The Investment
Adviser also is responsible for all of the trading and
investment decisions of the Fund. In the event of the withdrawal
or bankruptcy of the Investment Adviser, generally the affairs
of the Fund will be
wound-up and
its assets will be liquidated.
Dependence
on Key Personnel of the Investment Adviser
The Fund is dependent upon the Investment Advisers key
personnel for its future success and upon their access to
certain individuals and investments in the natural resources
industry. In particular, the Fund will depend on the diligence,
skill and network of business contacts of the personnel of the
Investment Adviser and its portfolio managers, who will
evaluate, negotiate, structure, close and monitor the
Funds investments. The portfolio managers do not have
long-term employment contracts with the Investment Adviser,
although they do have equity interests and other financial
incentives to remain with the firm. For a description of the
Investment Adviser, see Management of the Fund
Investment Adviser. The Fund will also depend on the
senior management of the Investment Adviser, including
particularly Jerry V. Swank. The departure of Mr. Swank or
another of the Investment Advisers senior management could
have a material adverse effect on the Funds ability to
achieve its investment objective. In addition, the Fund can
offer no assurance that the Investment Adviser will remain its
investment adviser, or that the Fund will continue to have
access to the Investment Advisers industry contacts and
deal flow.
Conflicts
of Interest with the Investment Adviser
Conflicts of interest may arise because the Investment Adviser
and its affiliates generally will be carrying on substantial
investment activities for other clients, including, but not
limited to, the Affiliated Funds, in which the Fund will have no
interest. The Investment Adviser or its affiliates may have
financial incentives to favor certain of such accounts over the
Fund. Any of their proprietary accounts and other customer
accounts may compete with the Fund for specific trades. The
Investment Adviser or its affiliates may buy or sell securities
for the Fund which differ from securities bought or sold for
other accounts and customers, even though their investment
objectives and policies may be similar to the Funds.
Situations may occur when the Fund could be disadvantaged
because of the investment activities conducted by the Investment
Adviser and its affiliates for their other accounts. Such
situations may be based on, among other things, legal or
internal restrictions on the combined size of positions that may
be taken for the Fund and the other accounts, limiting the size
of the Funds position, or the difficulty of liquidating an
investment for the Fund and the other accounts where the market
cannot absorb the sale of the combined position. Notwithstanding
these potential conflicts of interest, the Funds Board of
Trustees and officers have a fiduciary obligation to act in the
Funds best interest.
The Funds investment opportunities may be limited by
affiliations of the Investment Adviser or its affiliates with
MLPs and Other Natural Resources Companies. Additionally, to the
extent that the Investment Adviser sources and structures
private investments in MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies, certain employees of the Investment Adviser may
become aware of actions planned by MLPs and Other Natural
Resources Companies, such as acquisitions that may not be
announced to the public. It is possible that the Fund could be
precluded from investing in an MLP or an Other Natural Resources
Company about which the Investment Adviser has material
non-public information; however, it is the Investment
Advisers intention to ensure that any material non-public
information available to certain of the Investment
Advisers employees not be shared with those employees
responsible for the purchase and sale of publicly traded MLP or
Other Natural Resources Company securities.
62
The Investment Adviser manages several Affiliated Funds. Some of
the Affiliated Funds have investment objectives that are similar
to or overlap with the Fund. Further, the Investment Adviser may
at some time in the future manage other investment funds with
the same investment objective as the Fund.
The Investment Adviser and its affiliates generally will be
carrying on substantial investment activities for other clients,
including, but not limited to, the Affiliated Funds, in which
the Fund will have no interest. Investment decisions for the
Fund are made independently from those of such other clients;
however, from time to time, the same investment decision may be
made for more than one fund or account. When two or more clients
advised by the Investment Adviser or its affiliates seek to
purchase or sell the same publicly traded securities, the
securities actually purchased or sold will be allocated among
the clients on a good faith equitable basis by the Investment
Adviser in its discretion in accordance with the clients
various investment objectives and procedures adopted by the
Investment Adviser and approved by the Funds Board of
Trustees. In some cases, this system may adversely affect the
price or size of the position the Fund may obtain.
The Funds investment opportunities may be limited by
investment opportunities in the MLPs and Other Natural Resources
Companies that the Investment Adviser is evaluating for the
Affiliated Funds. To the extent a potential investment is
appropriate for the Fund and one or more of the Affiliated
Funds, the Investment Adviser will need to fairly allocate that
investment to the Fund or an Affiliated Fund, or both, depending
on its allocation procedures and applicable law related to
combined or joint transactions. There may occur an attractive
limited investment opportunity suitable for the Fund in which
the Fund cannot invest under the particular allocation method
being used for that investment.
Under the 1940 Act, the Fund and its Affiliated Funds may be
precluded from co-investing in certain private placements of
securities. Except as permitted by law or positions of the staff
of the SEC, the Investment Adviser will not co-invest its other
clients assets in private transactions in which the Fund
invests. To the extent the Fund is precluded from co-investing,
the Investment Adviser will allocate private investment
opportunities among its clients, including but not limited to
the Fund and the Affiliated Funds, based on allocation policies
that take into account several suitability factors, including
the size of the investment opportunity, the amount each client
has available for investment and the clients investment
objectives. These allocation policies may result in the
allocation of investment opportunities to an Affiliated Fund
rather than to the Fund.
The management fee payable to the Investment Adviser is based on
the value of the Funds Managed Assets, as periodically
determined. A significant percentage of the Funds Managed
Assets may be illiquid securities acquired in private
transactions for which market quotations will not be readily
available. Although the Fund will adopt valuation procedures
designed to determine valuations of illiquid securities in a
manner that reflects their fair value, there typically is a
range of possible prices that may be established for each
individual security. Senior management of the Investment
Adviser, the Funds Board of Trustees and its Valuation
Committee will participate in the valuation of its securities.
See Net Asset Value.
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP, counsel to
the Fund in this offering, also represents the Investment
Adviser. Such counsel does not purport to represent the separate
interests of the investors and has assumed no obligation to do
so. Accordingly, the investors have not had the benefit of
independent counsel in the structuring of the Fund or
determination of the relative interests, rights and obligations
of the Funds investment adviser and the investors.
INVESTMENT
RESTRICTIONS
Except as described below, the Fund, as a fundamental policy,
may not, without the approval of the holders of a majority of
the outstanding voting securities of the Fund:
(1) Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a
result of ownership of securities or other instruments, provided
that this restriction does not prevent the Fund from investing
in issuers which invest, deal, or otherwise engage in
transactions in real estate or interests in real estate, or
investing in securities that are secured by real estate or
interests in real estate.
63
(2) Concentrate the Funds investments in a particular
industry, as that term is used in the 1940 Act, and
as interpreted, modified or otherwise permitted by regulatory
authority having jurisdiction from time to time; provided,
however, that the Fund will, in normal circumstances, invest
more than 25% of its assets in the natural resources industry,
including MLPs operating in such industry, and may invest to an
unlimited degree in securities issued or guaranteed by the
U.S. Government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities.
(3) Borrow money or issue senior securities, except to the
extent permitted by the 1940 Act, or any rules, exemptions or
interpretations under the 1940 Act that may be adopted, granted
or issued by the SEC or its staff. See The Funds
Investments Use of Leverage and
Principal Risks of the Fund Leverage
Risk.
(4) Make loans to other persons except (a) through the
lending of the Funds portfolio securities,
(b) through the purchase of debt obligations, loan
participations
and/or
engaging in direct corporate loans in accordance with the
Funds investment objective and policies, and (c) to
the extent the entry into a repurchase agreement is deemed to be
a loan. The Fund may also make loans to other investment
companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, or any rules,
exemptions or interpretations under the 1940 Act that may be
adopted, granted or issued by the SEC or its staff.
(5) Act as an underwriter except to the extent that, in
connection with the disposition of portfolio securities, the
Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter under applicable
securities laws.
(6) Purchase or sell physical commodities and commodity
contracts, except that it may: (i) enter into futures
contracts and options on commodities in accordance with
applicable law; and (ii) purchase or sell physical
commodities that it acquires as a result of ownership of
securities or other instruments. The Fund will not consider
stock index, currency and other financial futures contracts,
swaps, or hybrid instruments to be commodities for purposes of
this investment policy.
The rest of the Funds investment policies, including its
investment objective described under Investment Objective
and Policies, are considered non-fundamental and may be
changed by the Board of Trustees without the approval of the
holders of a majority of voting securities, provided that common
shareholders receive at least 60 days prior written
notice of any change.
64
MANAGEMENT
OF THE FUND
Board of
Trustees of the Fund
The Board of Trustees of the Fund provides broad oversight over
the operations and affairs of the Fund and protects the
interests of shareholders. The Board of Trustees has overall
responsibility to manage and control the business affairs of the
Fund, including the complete and exclusive authority to
establish policies regarding the management, conduct and
operation of the Funds business. The names and ages of the
Trustees and officers of the Fund, the year each was first
elected or appointed to office, their principal business
occupations during the last five years, the number of funds
overseen by each Trustee and other directorships or trusteeships
they hold are shown below. The business address of the Fund, its
Trustees and officers is 3300 Oak Lawn Avenue,
Suite 650, Dallas, Texas 75219.
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Number of
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Term of
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Portfolios
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Office and
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Principal
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in Fund
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Length of
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Occupation(s)
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Complex
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Other
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Time
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During Past
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Overseen
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Directorships/
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Name and Year of Birth
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Position with Fund
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Served(1)
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Five Years
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by Trustee
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Trusteeships Held
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INTERESTED TRUSTEE
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Jerry V. Swank (1951)*
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Trustee, Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, and
President
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Trustee since 2007
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Managing Partner of the Investment Adviser and portfolio manager
of the Fund (2007 to present).
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1
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None
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NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES
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Brian R. Bruce (1955)
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Trustee and Chairman of the Audit Committee
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Trustee since 2007
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Chief Executive Officer, Hillcrest Asset Management, LLC (2008
to present) (registered investment adviser) Director of Southern
Methodist Universitys Encap Investment & LCM Group
Alternative Asset Management Center (2006 to present); and Chief
Investment Officer of Panagora Asset Management, Inc. (1999 to
2007) (investment management company).
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1
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CM Advisers Family of Funds (2 series) and Dreman
Contrarian Funds (2 series)
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Ronald P. Trout (1939)
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Trustee and Chairman of the Nominating, Corporate Governance and
Compensation Committee.
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Trustee since 2007
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Retired. A founding partner and Senior Vice President of
Hourglass Capital Management, Inc. (1989 to 2002) (investment
management company).
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1
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Dorchester Minerals LP (acquisition, ownership and
administration of natural gas and crude oil royalty, net profits
and leasehold interests in the U.S.)
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Edward N. McMillan (1947)
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Lead Non-Interested Trustee
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Trustee since 2007
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Retired.
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1
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None
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(1) |
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After a Trustees initial term, each Trustee is expected to
serve a three-year term concurrent with the class of Trustees
for which he serves. Mr. Bruce was re-elected in 2008 and
is expected to stand for re-election |
65
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in 2011. Messrs. McMillan and Swank are expected to stand
for re-election in 2009, and Mr. Trout in 2010. |
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* |
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Mr. Swank is an interested person of the Fund,
as defined under the 1940 Act, by virtue of his position as
Managing Partner of the Investment Adviser. |
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Term of Office
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Name and Year of
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and Length of
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Principal Occupation(s)
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Birth
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Position with Fund
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Time Served
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During Past Five Years
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OFFICERS WHO ARE NOT TRUSTEES
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Mark W. Fordyce CPA (1966)
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Chief Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer, Treasurer
and Secretary
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Officer since 2007
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Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of the Investment
Adviser; CFO of Caprock Capital Partners, L.P.
(2005-2006);
CFO of Hercules Security Investments, L.P. (2006); CFO and Chief
Operating Officer (COO) of Durango Partners, L.P.
(2001-2004).
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Michael S. Minces (1974)
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Chief Compliance Officer
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Officer since 2007
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General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer (CCO)
at the Investment Adviser (2007 to present); CCO and Associate
General Counsel of Highland Capital Management, L.P.
(2004 2007); Associate at Akin Gump Strauss
Hauer & Feld LLP (2003 2004); Associate at
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP (2000 - 2003).
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66
As of January 31, 2009, each non-interested Trustee of the
Fund and his immediate family members did not beneficially or of
record own securities in (1) the Investment Adviser or
(2) a person (other than a registered investment company)
directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under
common control with the Investment Adviser.
Committees
In connection with the Board of Trustees responsibility
for the overall management and supervision of the Funds
affairs, the Trustees meet periodically throughout the year to
oversee the Funds activities, review contractual
arrangements with service providers for the Fund and review the
Funds performance. To fulfill these duties, the Board has
established two standing committees of the Trustees: an Audit
Committee and a Nominating, Corporate Governance and
Compensation Committee. Under the Funds valuation
procedures, the Board has appointed personnel of the Investment
Adviser to serve on a valuation committee for the Fund.
The purposes of the Audit Committee, which meets at least twice
annually, are to oversee the Funds processes for
accounting, auditing, financial reporting, and related internal
controls and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. It
also makes recommendations regarding the selection of an
independent registered public accounting firm for the Fund,
reviews the independence of such firm, reviews the scope of
audit and internal controls, considers and reports to the Board
on matters relating to the Funds accounting and financial
reporting practices, and performs such other tasks as the full
Board deems necessary or appropriate. The members of the Audit
Committee include Brian R. Bruce (Chairman), Edward N. McMillan
and Ronald P. Trout.
The purposes of the Nominating, Corporate Governance and
Compensation Committee are to review and make recommendations on
the composition of the Board, develop and make recommendations
to the Board regarding corporate governance matters and
practices, and review and make recommendations to the Board with
respect to any compensation to be paid to certain persons
including the chief compliance officer of the Fund and the
non-interested Trustees. The committee will consider nominees
recommended by shareholders under the terms of the Agreement and
Declaration of Trust and the Bylaws. The members of the
Nominating, Corporate Governance and Compensation Committee
include Ronald P. Trout (Chairman), Brian R. Bruce and Edward N.
McMillan.
Shareholder
Communications
Shareholders may send communications to the Funds Board of
Trustees. Shareholders should send communications intended for
the Funds Board by addressing the communications directly
to the Board (or individual Board member(s))
and/or
otherwise clearly indicating in the salutation that the
communication is for the Board (or individual Board members) and
by sending the communication to either the Funds office or
directly to such Board member(s) at the address specified above
for each Trustee. Other shareholder communications received by
the Fund not directly addressed and sent to the Board will be
reviewed and generally responded to by management and will be
forwarded to the Board only at managements discretion
based on the matters contained in those communications.
Compensation
of Trustees
The fees and expenses of the non-interested Trustees of the Fund
are paid by the Fund. Each non-interested Trustee will receive
from the Fund an annual retainer of $25,000 and a fee of $2,000
for each regularly-scheduled Board meeting attended and will be
reimbursed for all out-of-pocket expenses related to attendance
at Board or committee meetings. The Trustees who are
interested persons, as that term is defined in the
1940 Act, of the Investment Adviser (including its affiliates)
or the Fund receive no compensation from the Fund.
The Trustees received from the Fund, for services as a Trustee
of the Fund, the amounts set out below for the Funds
fiscal year ended November 30, 2008.
67
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Pension or
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Retirement
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Aggregate
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Benefits Accrued
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Estimated Annual
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Total Compensation
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Compensation
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as Part of
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Benefits Upon
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from the Fund and
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from the Fund
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Fund Expenses
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Retirement
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Fund Complex
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Non- Interested Trustees
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Brian R. Bruce
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$
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33,000
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None
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None
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$
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33,000
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Edward N. McMillan
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$
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33,000
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None
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None
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$
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33,000
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Ronald P. Trout
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$
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33,000
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|
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None
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None
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|
|
$
|
33,000
|
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Interested Trustee
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Jerry V. Swank
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None
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None
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|
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None
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|
|
|
None
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|
Investment
Adviser
The Funds investments are managed by its Investment
Adviser, Swank Energy Income Advisors, LP. The Investment
Adviser is also investment adviser to the Affiliated Funds,
which invest primarily in securities of MLPs and Other Natural
Resources Companies and global commodities. Since 2003, the
Investment Adviser has managed the Affiliated Funds with a focus
on achieving a high after-tax total return from a combination of
capital appreciation and current income (as opposed to relative
performance against a benchmark index). The Investment Adviser
seeks to identify and exploit investment niches it believes are
generally less understood and less followed by the broader
investor community. The Investment Adviser is indirectly
controlled by Jerry V. Swank.
Key
Personnel of Investment Adviser
Jerry V. Swank. Mr. Swank is the sole
portfolio manager of the Fund. Mr. Swank formed Swank
Capital, LLC in 2000 to provide proprietary energy research to a
select group of institutional investors, emphasizing in-depth
independent research. Prior to forming Swank Capital, LLC,
Mr. Swank spent five years with John S. Herold,
Inc. (Herold). Herold is an independent
oil & gas research and consulting company. He joined
Herold in 1995 and served as Managing Director heading up its
sales and new product development team until May 1998, when he
assumed the position of President. During this period,
Mr. Swank developed an in-depth knowledge of the worldwide
energy industry, sector profitability, global growth prospects
and supply/demand dynamics. Prior to joining Herold,
Mr. Swank spent 14 years with Credit Suisse First
Boston Corporation in Institutional Equity and Fixed Income
Sales in its Dallas office from 1980 to 1995. From 1985 to 1995
he was a Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation Director and
Southwestern Regional Sales Manager. Prior to Credit Suisse
First Boston Corporation, Mr. Swank worked from 1976 to
1980 on the buy side as an analyst and portfolio manager with
Mercantile Texas Corp. Mr. Swank received a B.A. from the
University of Missouri (Economics) in 1973 and an M.B.A. from
the University of North Texas in 1978.
Mr. Swank has served on the Board of Directors of John S.
Herold, Inc., Matador Petroleum Corporation and Advantage
Acceptance, Inc. and currently serves on the board of directors
of The Cushing Fund (Offshore), Ltd. and The Dalrymple Global
Resources Offshore Fund, Ltd.
Mark W. Fordyce. In addition to his function
as CFO and COO of the Investment Adviser, Mr. Fordyce is
spearheading the efforts in fund formation, accounting and other
operational areas for several new offerings at the Investment
Adviser. Mr. Fordyce is also contributing in the oversight
of risk management in the portfolio and trading areas. Prior to
joining the Investment Adviser, Mr. Fordyce was involved,
over the past six years, with the launch and operation of four
hedge fund structures serving in CFO and COO roles.
Mr. Fordyce is a CPA and has 12 years of public
accounting experience with PricewaterhouseCoopers and KPMG.
Mr. Fordyce received his Bachelors of Accountancy degree
from New Mexico State University.
Daniel L. Spears. Prior to joining the
Investment Adviser in 2006, Mr. Spears was an investment
banker with Banc of America Securities, LLC within the Natural
Resources Group from 1998 to 2006. Mr. Spears was an
investment banker with Salomon Smith Barney, Inc. in the Global
Energy and Power Group from 1995
68
to 1998. Mr. Spears has over 12 years of experience
providing financial and strategic advice to public and private
companies in all sectors of the natural resources industry.
Mr. Spears is a director of Quest Midstream Partners, L.P.
and Lonestar Midstream, L.P.
Mr. Spears received his B.S. in Economics from the Wharton
School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1995.
G. Paul Ferguson. Prior to joining the
Investment Adviser in 2002, Mr. Ferguson was an equity
research analyst in the energy group at Frost Securities, Inc.
from 2001 to 2002. Mr. Fergusons focus at Frost
Securities, Inc. was on the midstream energy services sector.
Mr. Ferguson also has ten years of experience in various
sectors of the energy industry. Mr. Ferguson served as
product manager of energy risk management from 1999 to 2001 with
Allegro Development. His industry experience also includes
serving from 1996 to 1999 as an operations engineer with Koch
Gateway Pipeline Company and Delhi Gas Pipeline Corporation and
from 1991 to 1995 as a petroleum engineer with Kerr-McGee
Corporation.
Mr. Ferguson received his B.S. in Mechanical Engineering
from the University of Oklahoma in 1991 and an M.B.A in Finance
from Southern Methodist University in 2001. Mr. Ferguson
obtained his NASD Series 7 and 63 securities licenses and
is also a registered professional engineer in mechanical
engineering.
Mr. Ferguson currently serves on the board of directors of
Royalty Income Fund of North America (Offshore), Ltd., The
Cushing Fund (Offshore), Ltd. and The Dalrymple Global Resources
Offshore Fund, Ltd.
Kevin P. Gallagher, CFA. Mr. Gallagher
joined the Investment Adviser in 2006. For the five years prior
to that, Mr. Gallagher was a senior research associate with
RBC Capital Markets covering the Diversified Energy and MLP
sectors from 2000 to 2006. Mr. Gallaghers career in
the investment business also includes 4 years at GMAC-RFC,
where he helped manage a portfolio of cash and investments.
Mr. Gallagher earned a BS in Economics with Finance, a
minor in Philosophy, and an MBA from Southern Methodist
University. In 2004, he received his Chartered Financial Analyst
(CFA) designation.
Michael S. Minces. Prior to joining the
Investment Adviser in 2007, Mr. Minces was the Chief
Compliance Officer and Associate General Counsel for Highland
Capital Management, L.P., an alternative asset manager in
Dallas, Texas with over $40 billion in assets under
management. Mr. Minces held these positions with Highland
from August 2004 to July 2007 and was responsible for, among
other duties, the design, implementation and maintenance of
Highlands firmwide regulatory compliance platform. In
addition to his positions held at Highland, Mr. Minces also
served as the Chief Compliance Officer for each of
Highlands 12 registered investment company clients, with
direct reporting responsibility to the Funds independent
directors. Prior to joining Highland in August 2004,
Mr. Minces was an Associate from 2003 to 2004 in the Dallas
office of the law firm of Akin Gump Strauss Hauer &
Feld LLP. Prior to working at Akin Gump, Mr. Minces was an
Associate in the New York office of Skadden, Arps, Slate,
Meagher & Flom, LLP from 2000 to 2003.
Mr. Minces received a Juris Doctorate from the University
of Texas School of Law and a Bachelors of Business
Administration in Finance from the University of Texas at Austin.
Investment
Management Agreement
The Investment Adviser acts as the investment adviser to the
Fund pursuant to an investment management agreement (the
Investment Management Agreement). Pursuant to the
Investment Management Agreement, the Fund has agreed to pay the
Investment Adviser a fee, payable at the end of each calendar
month, at an annual rate equal to 1.25% of the average weekly
value of the Funds Managed Assets during such month (the
Management Fee) for the services and facilities
provided by the Investment Adviser to the Fund.
Until December 19, 2008, the Investment Adviser had been
reimbursing the Funds expenses to the extent that total
annual Fund operating expenses, not including interest payments
or other expenses on borrowed funds, exceeded 1.50% of average
weekly Managed Assets. Commencing December 20, 2008 the
Investment Adviser has agreed to reduce temporarily the
management fee from 1.25% to 1.00% of the average weekly
69
value of the Funds Managed Assets. The Investment Adviser
is not obligated to do so, however, and this waiver may be
discontinued at any time.
Because the Management Fee is based upon a percentage of the
Funds Managed Assets, the Management Fee will be higher if
the Fund employs leverage. Therefore, the Investment Adviser
will have a financial incentive to use leverage, which may
create a conflict of interest between the Investment Adviser and
the Funds common shareholders.
In addition to the Management Fee, the Fund pays all other costs
and expenses of its operations, including the compensation of
its Trustees (other than those affiliated with the Investment
Adviser); the fees and expenses of the Funds
administrator, the custodian and transfer and dividend
disbursing agent; legal fees; leverage expenses (if any); rating
agency fees (if any); listing fees and expenses; fees of
independent auditors; expenses of repurchasing shares; expenses
of preparing, printing and distributing shareholder reports,
notices, proxy statements and reports to governmental agencies;
and taxes, if any.
A discussion regarding the basis for approval by the Funds
Board of Trustees of its Investment Management Agreement with
the Investment Adviser is available in the Funds annual
report to shareholders for the period ended November 30,
2007.
The Investment Management Agreement will continue in effect from
year to year after its initial two-year term so long as its
continuation is approved at least annually by the Trustees
including a majority of non-interested Trustees or the
vote of a majority of the outstanding voting
securities (as defined under the 1940 Act) of the Fund.
The Investment Management Agreement may be terminated at any
time, without the payment of any penalty, upon
60 days written notice by either party. The Fund may
terminate by action of the Board of Trustees or by a vote of a
majority of the Funds outstanding voting securities
(accompanied by appropriate notice), and the agreement will
terminate automatically upon assignment. The Investment
Management Agreement may also be terminated, at any time,
without payment of any penalty, by the Board of Trustees or by
vote of a majority of outstanding voting securities, in the
event that it is established by a court of competent
jurisdiction that the Investment Adviser or any principal,
officer or employee of the Investment Adviser has taken any
action that results in a breach of the covenants of the
Investment Adviser set out in the Investment Management
Agreement. The Investment Management Agreement will provide that
the Investment Adviser will not be liable for any loss sustained
by reason of the purchase, sale or retention of any security,
whether or not such purchase, sale or retention will have been
based upon the investigation and research made by any other
individual, firm or corporation, if such recommendation will
have been selected with due care and in good faith, except loss
resulting from willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross
negligence on the part of the Investment Adviser in performance
of its obligations and duties, or by reason of its reckless
disregard of its obligations and duties under the Investment
Management Agreement.
Although the Investment Adviser intends to devote such time and
effort to the business of the Fund as is reasonably necessary to
perform its duties to the Fund, the services of the Investment
Adviser are not exclusive, and the Investment Adviser provides
similar services to other clients and may engage in other
activities.
Portfolio
Manager
Jerry V. Swank (the portfolio manager) is primarily
responsible for the day-to-day management of the Funds
portfolio. The following section discusses the accounts managed
by the portfolio manager, the structure and method of his
compensation and potential conflicts of interest. This
information is shown as of November 30, 2008.
Other Accounts Managed by the Portfolio
Manager. The following table reflects information
regarding accounts for which the portfolio manager has
day-to-day management responsibilities (other than the Fund).
Accounts are grouped into three categories: (a) registered
investment companies, (b) other pooled investment accounts,
and (c) other accounts. To the extent that any of these
accounts pay advisory fees that are based on
70
account performance, this information will be reflected in a
separate table below. Asset amounts are approximate and have
been rounded.
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|
|
Registered Investment
|
|
Other Pooled
|
|
|
Companies (excluding the Fund)
|
|
Investment Vehicles
|
|
Other Accounts
|
|
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Total
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Assets in
|
|
Number
|
|
Assets in
|
|
Number
|
|
Assets in
|
|
|
the
|
|
of
|
|
the
|
|
of
|
|
the
|
Number of Accounts
|
|
Accounts
|
|
Accounts
|
|
Accounts
|
|
Accounts
|
|
Accounts
|
|
0
|
|
$0
|
|
4
|
|
$435,000,000
|
|
0
|
|
$0
|
Other Accounts That Pay Performance-Based Advisory Fees
Managed by the Portfolio Manager. The following
table reflects information regarding accounts for which the
portfolio manager has day-to-day management responsibilities
(other than the Fund) and with respect to which the advisory fee
is based on account performance. Asset amounts are approximate
and have been rounded.
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|
|
|
|
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|
|
Registered Investment
|
|
Other Pooled
|
|
|
Companies (excluding the Fund)
|
|
Investment Vehicles
|
|
Other Accounts
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Assets in
|
|
Number
|
|
Assets in
|
|
Number
|
|
Assets in
|
|
|
the
|
|
of
|
|
the
|
|
of
|
|
the
|
Number of Accounts
|
|
Accounts
|
|
Accounts
|
|
Accounts
|
|
Accounts
|
|
Accounts
|
|
0
|
|
$0
|
|
4
|
|
$435,000,000
|
|
0
|
|
$0
|
Compensation and Potential Conflicts of
Interest. Mr. Swank is compensated by the
Investment Adviser. Mr. Swank is a principal of the
Investment Adviser and is compensated through partnership
distributions that are based primarily on the profits and losses
of the Investment Adviser. The partnership distributions are
affected by the amount of assets the Investment Adviser manages
and the appreciation of those assets, particularly over the
long-term, but are not determined with specific reference to any
particular performance benchmark or time period. Some of the
other accounts managed by Mr. Swank, including the
Affiliated Funds, have investment strategies that are similar to
the Funds investment strategy. However, the Investment
Adviser manages potential material conflicts of interest by
allocating investment opportunities in accordance with its
allocation policies and procedures.
Ownership
of Securities
As of December 31, 2008, the Trustees and portfolio manager
of the Fund owned common shares of the Fund in the following
amounts:
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|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
Aggregate Dollar
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Range of
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity Securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
in All Funds
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Overseen
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
by Trustees
|
|
|
|
Dollar Range of
|
|
|
in Family of
|
|
|
|
Equity
|
|
|
Registered
|
|
Name of Trustee or
|
|
Securities
|
|
|
Investment
|
|
Portfolio Manager
|
|
in the Fund
|
|
|
Companies(1)
|
|
|
Brian R. Bruce
|
|
|
None.
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
Ronald P. Trout
|
|
$
|
1 $10,000
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
Edward N. McMillan
|
|
$
|
10,001 $50,000
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
Jerry V. Swank(2)
|
|
$
|
10,001 $50,000
|
|
|
|
N/A
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
No other registered investment companies share the same
investment adviser or principal underwriter as the Fund and hold
themselves out to investors as related companies for purposes of
investment and investor services. |
|
(2) |
|
Portfolio manager of the Fund. |
As of January 31, 2009, the Trustees and officers of the
Fund as a group owned less than 1% of the outstanding common
shares of the Fund. There are no control persons of the Fund.
71
Administrator
U.S. Bancorp Fund Services LLC, the Administrator,
which is located at 615 East Michigan Street, Milwaukee, WI
53202, serves as the Funds administrator pursuant to a
fund administration servicing agreement. Pursuant to this
agreement, the Administrator provides the Fund with, among other
things, compliance oversight, financial reporting oversight and
tax reporting. The Fund pays the Administrator a monthly fee
computed at an annual rate of 0.08% of the first
$100 million of Managed Assets, 0.05% on the next
$200 million of Managed Assets and 0.04% on the balance of
Managed Assets, subject to a minimum annual fee of $45,000. The
Fund will also pay for the Administrators out-of-pocket
expenses. The Administrator also serves as fund accountant
pursuant to a fund accounting servicing agreement.
PORTFOLIO
TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
Subject to the oversight of the Board of Trustees, the
Investment Adviser is responsible for decisions to buy and sell
securities for the Fund, the negotiation of the commissions to
be paid on brokerage transactions, the prices for principal
trades in securities, and the allocation of portfolio brokerage
and principal business. It is the policy of the Investment
Adviser to seek the best execution at the best security price
available with respect to each transaction in light of the
overall quality of brokerage and research services provided to
the Investment Adviser. In selecting broker/dealers and in
negotiating commissions, the Investment Adviser will consider,
among other things, the firms reliability, the quality of
its execution services on a continuing basis and its financial
condition.
Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended (the 1934 Act), permits an investment
adviser, under certain circumstances, to cause an account to pay
a broker or dealer who supplies brokerage and research services
a commission for effecting a transaction in excess of the amount
of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for
effecting the transaction. Brokerage and research services
include (a) furnishing advice as to the value of
securities, the advisability of investing, purchasing or selling
securities, and the availability of securities or purchasers or
sellers of securities; (b) furnishing analyses and reports
concerning issuers, industries, securities, economic factors and
trends, portfolio strategy, and the performance of accounts; and
(c) effecting securities transactions and performing
functions incidental to those transactions (such as clearance,
settlement, and custody).
In light of the above, in selecting brokers, the Investment
Adviser may consider investment and market information and other
research, such as economic, securities and performance
measurement research, provided by such brokers, and the quality
and reliability of brokerage services, including execution
capability, performance, and financial responsibility.
Accordingly, the commissions charged by any such broker may be
greater than the amount another firm might charge if the
Investment Adviser determines in good faith that the amount of
such commissions is reasonable in relation to the value of the
research information and brokerage services provided by such
broker to the Investment Adviser or to the Fund. The Investment
Adviser believes that the research information received in this
manner provides the Fund with benefits by supplementing the
research otherwise available to the Investment Adviser.
The Investment Adviser seeks to allocate portfolio transactions
equitably whenever concurrent decisions are made to purchase or
sell securities on behalf of the Fund and another advisory
account. In some cases, this procedure could have an adverse
effect on the price or the amount of securities available to the
Fund. In making such allocations between the Fund and other
advisory accounts, the main factors considered by the Investment
Adviser are the investment objective, the relative size of
portfolio holding of the same or comparable securities, the
availability of cash for investment and the size of investment
commitments generally held, and the views of the persons
responsible for recommending investments to the Fund and such
other accounts and funds.
NET ASSET
VALUE
The Fund will determine the net asset value of its common shares
as of the close of regular session trading on the New York Stock
Exchange (normally 4:00 p.m. eastern time) no less
frequently than weekly on
72
Wednesday of each week and the last business day in each of
November and May. The Fund calculates net asset value per common
share by subtracting liabilities (including accrued expenses or
dividends) from the total assets of the Fund (the value of the
securities plus cash or other assets, including interest accrued
but not yet received) and dividing the result by the total
number of outstanding common shares of the Fund. The Fund will
rely to some extent on information provided by the MLPs, which
is not necessarily timely, to estimate taxable income allocable
to the MLP units held in the Funds portfolio and to
estimate the associated deferred tax liability. From time to
time the Fund will modify its estimates
and/or
assumptions regarding its deferred tax liability as new
information becomes available. To the extent the Fund modifies
its estimates
and/or
assumptions, the net asset value of the Fund would likely
fluctuate.
Valuations
The Fund will use the following valuation methods to determine
either current market value for investments for which market
quotations are available, or if not available, the fair value,
as determined in good faith pursuant to such policies and
procedures as may be approved by the Board of Trustees from time
to time. The valuation of the portfolio securities of the Fund
currently includes the following processes:
(i) The market value of each security listed or traded on
any recognized securities exchange or automated quotation system
will be the last reported sale price at the relevant valuation
date on the composite tape or on the principal exchange on which
such security is traded. If no sale is reported on that date,
the Investment Adviser utilizes, when available, pricing
quotations from principal market makers. Such quotations may be
obtained from third-party pricing services or directly from
investment brokers and dealers in the secondary market.
Generally, the Funds loan and bond positions are not
traded on exchanges and consequently are valued based on market
prices received from third-party pricing services or
broker-dealer sources.
(ii) Dividends declared but not yet received, and rights in
respect of securities which are quoted ex-dividend or ex-rights,
will be recorded at the fair value of those dividends or rights,
as determined by the Investment Adviser, which may (but need
not) be the value so determined on the day such securities are
first quoted ex-dividend or ex-rights.
(iii) Listed options, or over-the-counter options for which
representative brokers quotations are available, will be
valued in the same manner as listed or over-the-counter
securities. Premiums for the sale of such options written by the
Fund will be included in the assets of the Fund, and the market
value of such options will be included as a liability.
(iv) The Funds non-marketable investments will
generally be valued in such manner as the Investment Adviser
determines in good faith to reflect their fair values under
procedures established by, and under the general supervision and
responsibility of, the Board of Trustees. The pricing of all
assets that are fair valued in this manner will be subsequently
reported to and ratified by the Board of Trustees.
When determining the fair value of an asset, the Investment
Adviser will seek to determine the price that the Fund might
reasonably expect to receive from the current sale of that asset
in an arms length transaction. Fair value determinations
will be based upon all available factors that the Investment
Adviser deems relevant.
DISTRIBUTIONS
The Fund intends to make regular quarterly cash distributions of
all or a portion of its income to its common shareholders. The
Fund may pay capital gain distributions annually, if available.
The Fund anticipates that, due to the tax characterization of
cash distributions made by MLPs, a significant portion of the
Funds distributions to common shareholders will consist of
tax-advantaged return of capital for U.S. federal income
tax purposes. In general, a distribution will constitute a
return of capital to a common shareholder, rather than a
dividend, to the extent such distribution exceeds the
Funds current and accumulated earnings and profits. The
portion of any distribution treated as a return of capital will
not be subject to tax currently, but will result in a
corresponding reduction in a shareholders basis in our
common
73
shares and in the shareholders recognizing more gain or
less loss (that is, will result in an increase of a
shareholders tax liability) when the shareholder later
sells or exchanges our common shares. Dividends in excess of a
shareholders adjusted tax basis in its shares are
generally treated as capital gains. To permit it to maintain a
more stable quarterly distribution rate, the Fund may distribute
less or more than the entire amount of cash it receives from its
investments in a particular period. Any undistributed cash would
be available to supplement future distributions, and until
distributed would add to the Funds net asset value.
Correspondingly, such amounts, once distributed, will be
deducted from the Funds net asset value. Shareholders will
automatically have all distributions reinvested in common shares
issued by the Fund or common shares of the Fund purchased on the
open market in accordance with the Funds dividend
reinvestment plan unless an election is made to receive cash.
Common shareholders who receive dividends in the form of
additional common shares will be subject to the same
U.S. federal, state and local tax consequences as common
shareholders who elect to receive their dividends in cash. See
Dividend Reinvestment Plan.
DIVIDEND
REINVESTMENT PLAN
Unless the registered owner of common shares elects to receive
cash by contacting the Plan Agent, all dividends declared for
your common shares of the Fund will be automatically reinvested
by Computershare Trust Company, N.A.
and/or
Computershare Inc. (together, the Plan Agent), agent
for shareholders in administering the Funds Dividend
Reinvestment Plan (the Plan), in additional common
shares of the Fund. If a registered owner of common shares
elects not to participate in the Plan, you will receive all
dividends in cash paid by check mailed directly to you (or, if
the shares are held in street or other nominee name, then to
such nominee) by the Plan Agent, as dividend disbursing agent.
You may elect not to participate in the Plan and to receive all
dividends in cash by sending written instructions or by
contacting the Plan Agent, as dividend disbursing agent, at the
address set out below. Participation in the Plan is completely
voluntary and may be terminated or resumed at any time without
penalty by contacting the Plan Agent before the dividend record
date; otherwise such termination or resumption will be effective
with respect to any subsequently declared dividend or other
distribution. Some brokers may automatically elect to receive
cash on your behalf and may reinvest that cash in additional
common shares of the Fund for you.
The Plan Agent will open an account for each common shareholder
under the Plan in the same name in which such common
shareholders common shares are registered. Whenever the
Fund declares a dividend or other distribution (for purposes of
this section, together, a dividend) payable in cash,
non-participants in the Plan will receive cash and participants
in the Plan will receive the equivalent in common shares. The
common shares will be acquired by the Plan Agent for the
participants accounts, depending upon the circumstances
described below, either (i) through receipt of additional
unissued but authorized common shares from the Fund
(newly-issued common shares) or (ii) by
purchase of outstanding common shares on the open market
(open-market purchases) on the New York Stock
Exchange or elsewhere.
If, on the payment date for any dividend, the market price per
common share plus estimated brokerage commissions is greater
than the net asset value per common share (such condition being
referred to in this Prospectus as market premium),
the Plan Agent will invest the dividend amount in newly-issued
common shares, including fractions, on behalf of the
participants. The number of newly-issued common shares to be
credited to each participants account will be determined
by dividing the dollar amount of the dividend by the net asset
value per common share on the payment date; provided that, if
the net asset value per common share is less than 95% of the
market price per common share on the payment date, the dollar
amount of the dividend will be divided by 95% of the market
price per common share on the payment date.
If, on the payment date for any dividend, the net asset value
per common share is greater than the market value per common
share plus estimated brokerage commissions (such condition being
referred to in this Prospectus as market discount),
the Plan Agent will invest the dividend amount in common shares
acquired on behalf of the participants in open-market purchases.
In the event of a market discount on the payment date for any
dividend, the Plan Agent will have until the last business day
before the next date on which the common shares trade on an
ex-dividend basis or 120 days after the payment
date for such dividend, whichever is sooner (the last
purchase date), to invest the
74
dividend amount in common shares acquired in open-market
purchases. It is contemplated that the Fund will pay quarterly
dividends. Therefore, the period during which open-market
purchases can be made will exist only from the payment date of
each dividend through the date before the
ex-dividend date of the third month of the quarter.
If, before the Plan Agent has completed its open-market
purchases, the market price of a common share exceeds the net
asset value per common share, the average per common share
purchase price paid by the Plan Agent may exceed the net asset
value of the common shares, resulting in the acquisition of
fewer common shares than if the dividend had been paid in
newly-issued common shares on the dividend payment date. Because
of the foregoing difficulty with respect to open market
purchases, if the Plan Agent is unable to invest the full
dividend amount in open market purchases during the purchase
period or if the market discount shifts to a market premium
during the purchase period, the Plan Agent may cease making
open-market purchases and may invest the uninvested portion of
the dividend amount in newly-issued common shares at the net
asset value per common share at the close of business on the
last purchase date; provided that, if the net asset value per
common share is less than 95% of the market price per common
share on the payment date, the dollar amount of the dividend
will be divided by 95% of the market price per common share on
the payment date.
The Plan Agent maintains all shareholders accounts in the
Plan and furnishes written confirmation of all transactions in
the accounts, including information needed by shareholders for
tax records. Common shares in the account of each Plan
participant will be held by the Plan Agent on behalf of the Plan
participant, and each shareholder proxy will include those
shares purchased or received pursuant to the Plan. The Plan
Agent will forward all proxy solicitation materials to
participants and vote proxies for shares held under the Plan in
accordance with the instructions of the participants.
In the case of shareholders such as banks, brokers or nominees
which hold shares for others who are the beneficial owners, the
Plan Agent will administer the Plan on the basis of the number
of common shares certified from time to time by the record
shareholders name and held for the account of beneficial
owners who participate in the Plan.
There will be no brokerage charges with respect to common shares
issued directly by the Fund. However, each participant will pay
a pro rata share of brokerage commissions incurred in connection
with open-market purchases. The automatic reinvestment of
dividends will not relieve participants of any federal, state or
local income tax that may be payable (or required to be
withheld) on such dividends. Accordingly, any taxable dividend
received by a participant that is reinvested in additional
common shares will be subject to federal (and possibly state and
local) income tax even though such participant will not receive
a corresponding amount of cash with which to pay such taxes. See
Tax Matters. Participants who request a sale of
shares through the Plan Agent are subject to a $15.00 sales fee
and pay a brokerage commission of $0.12 per share sold.
The Fund reserves the right to amend or terminate the Plan.
There is no direct service charge to participants in the Plan;
however, the Fund reserves the right to amend the Plan to
include a service charge payable by the participants.
For more information about the plan you may contact the Plan
Agent in writing at PO Box 43078, Providence, RI
02940-3078,
or by calling the Plan Agent at
1-800-662-7232.
DESCRIPTION
OF SHARES
Common
Shares
The Fund is a statutory trust organized under the laws of
Delaware pursuant to a Declaration of Trust dated as of
May 23, 2007. The Fund is authorized to issue an unlimited
number of common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.001
per share. The number of common shares outstanding as of
November 30, 2008 was 9,483,351. Each common share has one
vote and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the terms
of this offering, will be fully paid and non-assessable, except
that the Board of Trustees will have the power to cause
shareholders to pay expenses of the Fund by setting off charges
due from shareholders from declared but unpaid distributions
owed the shareholders
and/or by
reducing the number of common shares
75
owned by each respective shareholder. The Fund currently is not
aware of any expenses that will be paid pursuant to this
provision, except to the extent fees payable under its Dividend
Reinvestment Plan are deemed to be paid pursuant to this
provision.
The Fund intends to hold annual meetings of shareholders so long
as the common shares are listed on a national securities
exchange and such meetings are required as a condition to such
listing. All common shares are equal as to distributions, assets
and voting privileges and have no conversion, preemptive or
other subscription rights. The Fund will send annual and
semi-annual reports, including financial statements, to all
holders of its shares.
The Fund has no present intention of offering any additional
shares and common shares issued under the Funds Dividend
Reinvestment Plan. Any additional offerings of shares will
require approval by the Board of Trustees. Any additional
offering of common shares will be subject to the requirements of
the 1940 Act, which provides that shares may not be issued at a
price below the then current net asset value, except in
connection with an offering to existing holders of common shares
or with the consent of a majority of the Funds outstanding
voting securities.
The Funds common shares are listed on the NYSE under the
symbol SRV. Net asset value will be reduced
immediately following the offering of common shares by the
amount of the offering costs paid by the Fund. See Summary
of Fund Expenses.
Unlike open-end funds, closed-end funds like the Fund do not
continuously offer shares and do not provide daily redemptions.
Rather, if a shareholder determines to buy additional common
shares or sell shares already held, the shareholder may do so by
trading through a broker on the NYSE or otherwise. Shares of
closed-end funds frequently trade on an exchange at prices lower
than net asset value. Because the market value of the common
shares may be influenced by such factors as distribution levels
(which are in turn affected by expenses), distribution
stability, net asset value, relative demand for and supply of
such shares in the market, general market and economic
conditions and other factors beyond the control of the Fund, the
Fund cannot assure you that common shares will trade at a price
equal to or higher than net asset value in the future. The
common shares are designed primarily for long-term investors and
you should not purchase the common shares if you intend to sell
them soon after purchase. See Price Range of Common
Shares.
The following information regarding the Funds authorized
shares is as of November 30, 2008.
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Amount
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Outstanding
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Amount
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Exclusive
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Held by Fund
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of Amount
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Amount
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or for its
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Held by
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Title of Class
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Authorized
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Account
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Fund
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Common Stock
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Unlimited
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None
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9,483,352
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Preferred
Shares
The Funds Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration
of Trust (the Agreement and Declaration of Trust)
provides that the Board of Trustees may authorize and issue
preferred shares with rights as determined by the Board of
Trustees, by action of the Board of Trustees without the
approval of the holders of the common shares. Holders of common
shares have no preemptive right to purchase any preferred shares
that might be issued pursuant to such provision. Whenever
preferred shares are outstanding, the holders of common shares
will not be entitled to receive any distributions from the Fund
unless all accrued distributions on preferred shares have been
paid, unless asset coverage (as defined in the 1940 Act) with
respect to preferred shares would be at least 200% after giving
effect to the distributions and unless certain other
requirements imposed by any rating agencies rating the preferred
shares have been met. As of the date of this Prospectus, the
Fund has not issued any preferred shares, and the Board of
Trustees has no present intention to issue preferred shares.
Liquidation Preference. In the event of any
voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up
of the Fund, the holders of preferred shares will be entitled to
receive a preferential liquidating distribution, which is
expected to equal the original purchase price per preferred
share plus accrued and unpaid
76
distributions, whether or not declared, before any distribution
of assets is made to holders of common shares. After payment of
the full amount of the liquidating distribution to which they
are entitled, the holders of preferred shares will not be
entitled to any further participation in any distribution of
assets by the Fund.
Voting Rights. The 1940 Act requires that the
holders of any preferred shares, voting separately as a single
class, have the right to elect at least two trustees at all
times. The remaining trustees will be elected by holders of
common shares and preferred shares, voting together as a single
class. In addition, subject to the prior rights, if any, of the
holders of any other class of senior securities outstanding, the
holders of any preferred shares have the right to elect a
majority of the trustees of the Fund at any time two years of
distributions on any preferred shares are unpaid. The 1940 Act
also requires that, in addition to any approval by shareholders
that might otherwise be required, the approval of the holders of
a majority of any outstanding preferred shares, voting
separately as a class, would be required to (i) adopt any
plan of reorganization that would adversely affect the preferred
shares, and (ii) take any action requiring a vote of
security holders under Section 13(a) of the 1940 Act,
including, among other things, changes in the Funds
subclassification as a closed-end fund or changes in its
fundamental investment restrictions. As a result of these voting
rights, the Funds ability to take any such actions may be
impeded to the extent that there are any preferred shares
outstanding. The Board of Trustees presently intends that,
except as otherwise indicated in this Prospectus and except as
otherwise required by applicable law, holders of preferred
shares will have equal voting rights with holders of common
shares (one vote per share, unless otherwise required by the
1940 Act) and will vote together with holders of common shares
as a single class.
The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the
outstanding preferred shares, voting as a separate class, will
be required to amend, alter or repeal any of the preferences,
rights or powers of holders of preferred shares so as to affect
materially and adversely such preferences, rights or powers, or
to increase or decrease the authorized number of preferred
shares. The class vote of holders of preferred shares described
above will in each case be in addition to any other vote
required to authorize the action in question.
Redemption, Purchase and Sale of preferred shares by the
Fund. The terms of the preferred shares are
expected to provide that (i) they are redeemable by the
Fund in whole or in part at the original purchase price per
share plus accrued distributions per share, (ii) the Fund
may tender for or purchase preferred shares and (iii) the
Fund may subsequently resell any shares so tendered for or
purchased. Any redemption or purchase of preferred shares by the
Fund will reduce the leverage applicable to the common shares,
while any resale of shares by the Fund will increase that
leverage.
The discussion above describes the possible offering of
preferred shares by the Fund. If the Board of
Trustees determines to proceed with such an offering, the terms
of the preferred shares may be the same as, or different from,
the terms described above, subject to applicable law and the
Agreement and Declaration of Trust. The Board of Trustees,
without the approval of the holders of common shares, may
authorize an offering of preferred shares or may determine not
to authorize such an offering and may fix the terms of the
preferred shares to be offered.
Other
Shares
The Board of Trustees (subject to applicable law and the
Agreement and Declaration of Trust) may authorize an offering,
without the approval of the holders of either common shares or
preferred shares, of other classes of shares, or other classes
or series of shares, as they determine to be necessary,
desirable or appropriate, having such terms, rights,
preferences, privileges, limitations and restrictions as the
Board of Trustees see fit. The Fund currently does not expect to
issue any other classes of shares, or series of shares, except
for the common shares.
77
PRICE
RANGE OF COMMON SHARES
The following table sets forth for the quarters indicated, the
high and low sale prices on the NYSE per share of our common
shares and the net asset value and the premium or discount from
net asset value per share at which the common shares were
trading, expressed as a percentage of net asset value, at each
of the high and low sale prices provided.
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Corresponding
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Corresponding
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Net Asset Value
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Premium or Discount
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Market Price
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(NAV) per Share
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as a % of NAV
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Quarter Ended
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High
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Low
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High
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Low
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High
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Low
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Fiscal Year Ended
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November 30, 2008
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First Fiscal Quarter
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$
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17.65
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$
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15.00
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$
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18.00
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$
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17.88
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(1.94
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)%
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(16.11
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)%
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Second Fiscal Quarter
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$
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17.98
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$
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15.49
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$
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17.25
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$
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17.34
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4.23
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%
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(10.67
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)%
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Third Fiscal Quarter
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$
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17.96
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$
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15.94
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$
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17.40
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$
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16.80
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3.22
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%
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(5.12
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)%
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Fourth Fiscal Quarter
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$
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17.02
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$
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8.34
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$
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15.58
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$
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10.23
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9.24
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%
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(18.48
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)%
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Fiscal Year Ended
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November 30, 2007
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Fourth Fiscal Quarter (period
from August 27, 2007(1) to
November 30, 2007)
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$
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19.79
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$
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15.55
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$
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19.18
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$
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18.53
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3.18
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%
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(16.08
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)%
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(1) |
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Commencement of operations. |
On February 4, 2009, the last reported price for our common
shares was $6.07 per share and the NAV of the Funds common
shares was $4.61 per share. The Fund cannot determine the
reasons why the Funds shares trade at a premium to or
discount from NAV, nor can the Fund predict whether its shares
will trade in the future at a premium to or discount from NAV,
or the level of any premium or discount. Shares of closed-end
investment companies frequently trade at a discount from NAV.
The Funds common shares have in the past traded below
their NAV.
PLAN OF
DISTRIBUTION
We may sell our common shares through underwriters or dealers,
directly to one or more purchasers, through agents, to or
through underwriters or dealers, or through a combination of any
such methods of sale. The applicable Prospectus Supplement will
identify any underwriter or agent involved in the offer and sale
of our common shares, any sales loads, discounts, commissions,
fees or other compensation paid to any underwriter, dealer or
agent, the offering price, net proceeds and use of proceeds and
the terms of any sale.
The distribution of our common shares may be effected from time
to time in one or more transactions at a fixed price or prices,
which may be changed, at prevailing market prices at the time of
sale, at prices related to such prevailing market prices, or at
negotiated prices, provided, however, that the offering price
per common share must equal or exceed the NAV per share,
exclusive of any underwriting commissions or discounts, of our
common shares.
We may sell our common shares directly to, and solicit offers
from, institutional investors or others who may be deemed to be
underwriters as defined in the Securities Act for any resale of
the securities. In this case, no underwriters or agents would be
involved. We may use electronic media, including the Internet,
to sell offered securities directly.
In connection with the sale of our common shares, underwriters
or agents may receive compensation from us in the form of
discounts, concessions or commissions. Underwriters may sell our
common shares to or through dealers, and such dealers may
receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or
commissions from the underwriters
and/or
commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agents.
78
Underwriters, dealers and agents that participate in the
distribution of our common shares may be deemed to be
underwriters under the Securities Act, and any discounts and
commissions they receive from us and any profit realized by them
on the resale of our common shares may be deemed to be
underwriting discounts and commissions under the Securities Act.
Any such underwriter or agent will be identified and any such
compensation received from us will be described in the
applicable Prospectus Supplement.
If a Prospectus Supplement so indicates, we may grant the
underwriters an option to purchase additional shares at the
public offering price, less the underwriting discounts and
commissions, within a predetermined number of days from the date
of the Prospectus Supplement, to cover any overallotments.
To facilitate an offering of common shares in an underwritten
transaction and in accordance with industry practice, the
underwriters may engage in transactions that stabilize,
maintain, or otherwise affect the market price of the common
shares. Those transactions may include overallotment, entering
stabilizing bids, effecting syndicate covering transactions, and
reclaiming selling concessions allowed to an underwriter or a
dealer.
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An overallotment in connection with an offering creates a short
position in the common shares for the underwriters own
account.
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An underwriter may place a stabilizing bid to purchase the
common shares for the purpose of pegging, fixing, or maintaining
the price of the shares.
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Underwriters may engage in syndicate covering transactions to
cover overallotments or to stabilize the price of the common
shares subject to the offering by bidding for, and purchasing,
the shares or any other securities in the open market in order
to reduce a short position created in connection with the
offering.
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The managing underwriter may impose a penalty bid on a syndicate
member to reclaim a selling concession in connection with an
offering when the common shares originally sold by the syndicate
member are purchased in syndicate covering transactions or
otherwise.
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Any of these activities may stabilize or maintain the market
price of the securities above independent market levels. The
underwriters are not required to engage in these activities, and
may end any of these activities at any time.
Any underwriters to whom the offered securities are sold for
offering and sale may make a market in the offered securities,
but the underwriters will not be obligated to do so and may
discontinue any market-making at any time without notice.
Common shares sold pursuant to a Prospectus Supplement will
likely be listed on the NYSE. We cannot assure you that there
will be a liquid trading market for the common shares offered.
Under agreements into which we may enter, underwriters, dealers
and agents who participate in the distribution of our common
shares may be entitled to indemnification by us against certain
liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
Underwriters, dealers and agents may engage in transactions with
us, or perform services for us, in the ordinary course of
business.
If so indicated in the applicable Prospectus Supplement, we will
ourselves, or will authorize underwriters or other persons
acting as our agents to solicit offers by certain institutions
to purchase our common shares from us pursuant to contracts
providing for payment and delivery on a future date.
Institutions with which such contacts may be made include
commercial and savings banks, insurance companies, pension
funds, investment companies, educational and charitable
institutions and others, but in all cases such institutions must
be approved by us. The obligation of any purchaser under any
such contract will be subject to the condition that the purchase
of the common shares shall not at the time of delivery be
prohibited under the laws of the jurisdiction to which such
purchaser is subject. The underwriters and such other agents
will not have any responsibility in respect of the validity or
performance of such contracts. Such contracts will be subject
only to those conditions set forth in the Prospectus Supplement,
and the Prospectus Supplement will set forth the commission
payable for solicitation of such contracts.
79
To the extent permitted under the 1940 Act and the rules and
regulations promulgated thereunder, the underwriters may from
time to time act as brokers or dealers and receive fees in
connection with the execution of our portfolio transactions
after the underwriters have ceased to be underwriters and,
subject to certain restrictions, each may act as a broker while
it is an underwriter.
The Prospectus and accompanying Prospectus Supplement in
electronic form may be made available on the websites maintained
by underwriters. The underwriters may agree to allocate a number
of common shares for sale to their online brokerage account
holders. Such allocations of common shares for Internet
distributions will be made on the same basis as other
allocations. In addition, common shares may be sold by the
underwriters to securities dealers who resell securities to
online brokerage account holders.
In order to comply with the securities laws of certain states,
if applicable, our common shares offered hereby will be sold in
such jurisdictions only through registered or licensed brokers
or dealers.
ANTI-TAKEOVER
PROVISIONS IN THE AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST
The Agreement and Declaration of Trust includes provisions that
could have the effect of limiting the ability of other entities
or persons to acquire control of the Fund or to change the
composition of its Board of Trustees. This could have the effect
of depriving shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares
at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging a
third party from seeking to obtain control over the Fund. Such
attempts could have the effect of increasing the expenses of the
Fund and disrupting the normal operation of the Fund. The Board
of Trustees is divided into three classes, with the terms of one
class expiring at each annual meeting of shareholders. At each
annual meeting, one class of Trustees is elected to a three-year
term. This provision could delay for up to two years the
replacement of a majority of the Board of Trustees. A Trustee
may be removed from office (with or without cause) by the action
of a majority of the remaining Trustees followed by a vote of
the holders of at least 75% of the shares then entitled to vote
for the election of the respective Trustee.
In addition, the Agreement and Declaration of Trust requires the
favorable vote of a majority of the Funds Board of
Trustees followed by the favorable vote of the holders of at
least 75% of the outstanding shares of each affected class or
series of the Fund, voting separately as a class or series, to
approve, adopt or authorize certain transactions with 5% or
greater holders of a class or series of shares and their
associates, unless the transaction has been approved by at least
75% of the Trustees, in which case a majority of the
outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act)
of the Fund will be required. For purposes of these provisions,
a 5% or greater holder of a class or series of shares (a
Principal Shareholder) refers to any person who,
whether directly or indirectly and whether alone or together
with its affiliates and associates, beneficially owns 5% or more
of the outstanding shares of all outstanding classes or series
of shares of beneficial interest of the Fund.
The 5% holder transactions subject to these special approval
requirements are: the merger or consolidation of the Fund or any
subsidiary of the Fund with or into any Principal Shareholder;
the issuance of any securities of the Fund to any Principal
Shareholder for cash, except pursuant to any automatic dividend
reinvestment plan; the sale, lease or exchange of any assets of
the Fund to any Principal Shareholder, except assets having an
aggregate fair market value of less than $1,000,000, aggregating
for the purpose of such computation all assets sold, leased or
exchanged in any series of similar transactions within a
twelve-month period; or the sale, lease or exchange to the Fund
or any subsidiary of the Fund, in exchange for securities of the
Fund, of any assets of any Principal Shareholder, except assets
having an aggregate fair market value of less than $1,000,000,
aggregating for purposes of such computation all assets sold,
leased or exchanged in any series of similar transactions within
a twelve-month period.
To convert the Fund to an open-end investment company, the
Agreement and Declaration of Trust requires the favorable vote
of a majority of the board of the Trustees followed by the
favorable vote of the holders of at least 75% of the outstanding
shares of each affected class or series of shares of the Fund,
voting separately as a class or series, unless such amendment
has been approved by 75% of the Trustees, in which case a
majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined
in the 1940 Act) of the Fund will be
80
required. The foregoing vote would satisfy a separate
requirement in the 1940 Act that any conversion of the Fund to
an open-end investment company be approved by the shareholders.
If approved in the foregoing manner, conversion of the Fund to
an open-end investment company could not occur until
90 days after the shareholders meeting at which such
conversion was approved and would also require at least
30 days prior notice to all shareholders. Following
any such conversion, it is possible that certain of the
Funds investment policies and strategies would have to be
modified to assure sufficient portfolio liquidity. In the event
of conversion, the common shares would cease to be listed on the
New York Stock Exchange or other national securities exchanges
or market systems. Shareholders of an open-end investment
company may require the company to redeem their shares at any
time, except in certain circumstances as authorized by or under
the 1940 Act, at their net asset value, less such redemption
charge, if any, as might be in effect at the time of a
redemption. The Fund expects to pay all such redemption requests
in cash, but reserves the right to pay redemption requests in a
combination of cash or securities. If such partial payment in
securities were made, investors may incur brokerage costs in
converting such securities to cash. If the Fund were converted
to an open-end fund, it is likely that new shares would be sold
at net asset value plus a sales load. The Board of Trustees
believes, however, that the closed-end structure is desirable in
light of the Funds investment objective and its policies
and strategies. Therefore, you should assume that it is not
likely that the Board of Trustees would vote to convert the Fund
to an open-end fund.
For the purposes of calculating a majority of the
outstanding voting securities under the Agreement and
Declaration of Trust, each class and series of the Fund will
vote together as a single class, except to the extent required
by the 1940 Act or the Agreement and Declaration of Trust, with
respect to any class or series of shares. If a separate class
vote is required, the applicable proportion of shares of the
class or series, voting as a separate class or series, also will
be required.
The Agreement and Declaration of Trust also provides that the
Fund may be dissolved and terminated upon the approval of 75% of
the Trustees.
The Board of Trustees has determined that provisions with
respect to the Board of Trustees and the shareholder voting
requirements described above, which voting requirements are
greater than the minimum requirements under Delaware law or the
1940 Act, are in the best interest of shareholders generally.
Reference should be made to the Agreement and Declaration of
Trust, on file with the Commission for the full text of these
provisions.
CERTAIN
PROVISIONS OF DELAWARE LAW,
THE AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST AND BYLAWS
Classified Board of Trustees. The Funds
Board of Trustees is divided into three classes of trustees
serving staggered three-year terms. Upon expiration of their
current terms, Trustees of each class will be elected to serve
for three-year terms and until their successors are duly elected
and qualify and each year one class of Trustees will be elected
by the shareholders. Trustees of Classes I, II
and III will expire in 2011, 2009 and 2010, respectively. A
classified board may render a change in control of the Fund or
removal of the Funds incumbent management more difficult.
The Fund believes, however, that the longer time required to
elect a majority of a classified Board of Trustees will help to
ensure the continuity and stability of its management and
policies.
Election of Trustees. The Funds
Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides that the affirmative
vote of the holders of a plurality of the outstanding shares
entitled to vote in the election of Trustees will be required to
elect a Trustee.
Number of Trustees; Vacancies; Removal. The
Funds Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides that the
number of Trustees will be set by the Board of Trustees. The
Funds Agreement and Declaration of Trust provides that a
majority of the Funds Trustees then in office may at any
time increase or decrease the number of Trustees provided there
will be at least one Trustee. As soon as any such Trustee has
accepted his appointment in writing, the trust estate will vest
in the new Trustee, together with the continuing Trustees,
without any further act or conveyance, and he will be deemed a
Trustee thereunder. The Trustees power of
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appointment is subject to Section 16(a) of the 1940 Act.
Whenever a vacancy in the number of Trustees will occur, until
such vacancy is filled as provided, the Trustees in office,
regardless of their number, will have all the powers granted to
the Trustees and will discharge all the duties imposed upon the
Trustees by the Declaration.
Action by Shareholders. Shareholder action can
be taken only at an annual or special meeting of shareholders or
by written consent in lieu of a meeting.
Advance Notice Provisions for Shareholder Nominations and
Shareholder Proposals. The Funds Bylaws
provide that with respect to an annual meeting of shareholders,
nominations of persons for election to the Board of Trustees and
the proposal of business to be considered by shareholders may be
made only (1) pursuant to the Funds notice of the
meeting, (2) by the Board of Trustees or (3) by a
shareholder of record both at the time of giving of notice and
at the time of the annual meeting who is entitled to vote at the
meeting and who has complied with the advance notice procedures
of the Bylaws. With respect to special meetings of shareholders,
only the business specified in the Funds notice of the
meeting may be brought before the meeting. Nominations of
persons for election to the Board of Trustees at a special
meeting may be made only (1) pursuant to the Funds
notice of the meeting, (2) by the Board of Trustees or
(3) provided that the Board of Trustees has determined that
Trustees will be elected at the meeting, by a shareholder of
record both at the time of giving of notice and at the time of
the annual meeting who is entitled to vote at the meeting and
who has complied with the advance notice provisions of the
Bylaws.
Calling of Special Meetings of
Shareholders. The Funds Bylaws provide that
special meetings of shareholders may be called at any time by
the Chairman, the President or the Trustees. By following
certain procedures, a special meeting of shareholders will also
be called by the Secretary of the Trust upon the written request
of the Shareholders entitled to cast not less than a majority of
all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting.
CLOSED-END
FUND STRUCTURE
Closed-end funds differ from open-end management investment
companies (commonly referred to as mutual funds).
Closed-end funds generally list their shares for trading on a
securities exchange and do not redeem their shares at the option
of the shareholder. In contrast, mutual funds issue securities
redeemable at net asset value at the option of the shareholder
and typically engage in a continuous offering of their shares.
Although mutual funds are subject to continuous asset in-flows
and out-flows that can complicate portfolio management,
closed-end funds generally can stay more fully invested in
securities consistent with the closed-end funds investment
objective and policies. Accordingly, closed-end funds have
greater flexibility than open-end funds to make certain types of
investments, including investments in illiquid securities.
Shares of closed-end funds listed for trading on a securities
exchange frequently trade at discounts to their net asset value,
but in some cases trade at a premium. The market price may be
affected by net asset value, dividend or distribution levels
(which are dependent, in part, on expenses), supply of and
demand for the shares, stability of dividends or distributions,
trading volume of the shares, general market and economic
conditions and other factors beyond the control of the
closed-end fund. The foregoing factors may result in the market
price of the Funds common shares being greater than, less
than or equal to net asset value. The Board of Trustees has
reviewed the Funds structure in light of its investment
objective and policies and has determined that the closed-end
structure is in the best interests of the Funds
shareholders. However, the Board of Trustees may periodically
review the trading range and activity of the Funds shares
with respect to their net asset value and may take certain
actions to seek to reduce or eliminate any such discount. Such
actions may include open market repurchases or tender offers for
the Funds common shares at net asset value or the
Funds possible conversion to an open-end mutual fund.
There can be no assurance that the Board of Trustees will decide
to undertake any of these actions or that, if undertaken, such
actions would result in the Funds common shares trading at
a price equal to or close to net asset value per share of its
common shares. Based on the determination of the Board of
Trustees in connection with this initial offering of the
Funds common shares that the closed-end structure is
desirable in light of the Funds investment objective and
policies, it is
82
highly unlikely that the Board of Trustees would vote to convert
the Fund to an open-end investment company.
Delaware trust law provides that any proposal for the
Funds conversion from a closed-end fund to an open-end
investment company requires the approval of its Board of
Trustees and the shareholders entitled to cast at least 80% of
the votes entitled to be cast on such matter. However, if such
proposal is also approved by at least 80% of the Funds
continuing Trustees (in addition to the approval by the
Funds Board of Trustees), such proposal may be approved by
a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. See
Description of Shares for a discussion of voting
requirements applicable to the Funds conversion to an
open-end investment company. If the Fund converted to an
open-end investment company, it would be required to redeem all
preferred shares then outstanding (requiring in turn that it
liquidate a portion of its investment portfolio) and its common
shares would not be eligible to be listed on the NYSE.
Conversion to open-end status could also require the Fund to
modify certain investment restrictions and policies.
Shareholders of an open-end investment company may require the
investment company to redeem their shares at any time (except in
certain circumstances as authorized by or permitted under the
1940 Act) at their net asset value, less such redemption charge,
if any, as might be in effect at the time of redemption. In
order to avoid maintaining large cash positions or liquidating
favorable investments to meet redemptions, open-end investment
companies typically engage in a continuous offering of their
shares. Open-end investment companies are thus subject to
periodic asset in-flows and out-flows that can complicate
portfolio management. The Funds Board of Trustees may at
any time propose the Funds conversion to open-end status,
depending upon its judgment regarding the advisability of such
action in light of circumstances then prevailing.
REPURCHASE
OF COMMON SHARES
In recognition of the possibility that the Funds common
shares might trade at a discount to net asset value and that any
such discount may not be in the interest of the Funds
common shareholders, the Board of Trustees, in consultation with
the Investment Adviser, from time to time may, but is not
required to, review possible actions to reduce any such
discount. The Board of Trustees also may, but is not required
to, consider from time to time open market repurchases of
and/or
tender offers for the Funds common shares, as well as
other potential actions, to seek to reduce any market discount
from net asset value that may develop. After any consideration
of potential actions to seek to reduce any significant market
discount, the Board of Trustees may, subject to its applicable
duties and compliance with applicable U.S. state and
federal laws, authorize the commencement of a share-repurchase
program or tender offer. The size and timing of any such share
repurchase program or tender offer will be determined by the
Board of Trustees in light of the market discount of the
Funds common shares, trading volume of the Funds
common shares, information presented to the Board of Trustees
regarding the potential impact of any such share repurchase
program or tender offer, general market and economic conditions
and applicable law. There can be no assurance that the Fund will
in fact effect repurchases of or tender offers for any of its
common shares. The Fund may, subject to its investment
limitation with respect to borrowings, incur debt to finance
such repurchases or a tender offer or for other valid purposes.
Interest on any such borrowings would increase the Funds
expenses and reduce its net income.
There can be no assurance that repurchases of the Funds
common shares or tender offers, if any, will cause share of its
common shares to trade at a price equal to or in excess of their
net asset value. Nevertheless, the possibility that a portion of
the Funds outstanding common shares may be the subject of
repurchases or tender offers may reduce the spread between
market price and net asset value that might otherwise exist.
Sellers may be less inclined to accept a significant discount in
the sale of their common shares if they have a reasonable
expectation of being able to receive a price of net asset value
for a portion of their common shares in conjunction with an
announced repurchase program or tender offer for the Funds
common shares.
Although the Board of Trustees believes that repurchases or
tender offers generally would have a favorable effect on the
market price of the Funds common shares, the acquisition
of common shares by the Fund will decrease its total assets and
therefore will have the effect of increasing its expense ratio
and decreasing the asset coverage with respect to any preferred
shares outstanding. Because of the nature of the Funds
investment objective, policies and portfolio, particularly its
investment in illiquid or otherwise restricted
83
securities, it is possible that repurchases of common shares or
tender offers could interfere with the Funds ability to
manage its investments in order to seek its investment
objective. Further, it is possible that the Fund could
experience difficulty in borrowing money or be required to
dispose of portfolio securities to consummate repurchases of or
tender offers for common shares.
TAX
MATTERS
Tax matters are complicated, and the U.S. federal, state,
local and foreign tax consequences of an investment in and
holding of the Funds common shares will depend on the
facts of each investors situation. Investors are
encouraged to consult their own tax advisors regarding the
specific tax consequences that may affect such investors.
The following is a summary of the material U.S. federal
income tax considerations generally applicable to holders of
common shares that acquire common shares pursuant to this
offering and that hold such shares as capital assets (generally,
for investment). The discussion is based upon the Code, Treasury
Regulations, judicial authorities, published positions of the
Internal Revenue Service (the IRS) and other
applicable authorities, all as in effect on the date of this
Prospectus and all of which are subject to change or differing
interpretations (possibly with retroactive effect). This summary
does not address all of the potential U.S. federal income
tax consequences that may be applicable to the Fund or to all
categories of investors, some of which may be subject to special
tax rules. No ruling has been or will be sought from the IRS
regarding any matter discussed in this Prospectus. Counsel to
the Fund has not rendered any legal opinion to the Fund
regarding any tax consequences relating to the Fund or an
investment in the Fund. No assurance can be given that the IRS
would not assert, or that a court would not sustain a position
contrary to any of the tax aspects set out below.
Prospective investors must consult their own tax advisors as to
the U.S. federal income tax consequences of acquiring,
holding and disposing of common shares, as well as the effects
of state, local and foreign tax laws.
For purposes of this summary, the term
U.S. Shareholder means a beneficial owner of
common shares that, for U.S. federal income tax purposes,
is one of the following:
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an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States;
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a corporation or other entity taxable as a corporation created
in or organized under the laws of the United States or any state
of the United States;
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an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal
income taxation regardless of its source; or
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a trust (x) if a U.S. court is able to exercise
primary supervision over the administration of such trust and
one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all
substantial decisions of such trust or (y) that has a valid
election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury
regulations to be treated as a U.S. person.
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If a partnership holds shares, the U.S. federal income tax
treatment of a partner in such partnership generally will depend
upon the status of the partner and the activities of the
partnership. Partners of partnerships that hold shares should
consult their tax advisors.
The
Fund
The Fund will be treated as a regular corporation, or
C corporation, for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. Accordingly, the Fund generally will be subject to
U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income at the
graduated rates applicable to corporations (currently at a
maximum rate of 35%). In addition, as a regular corporation, the
Fund may be subject to state income tax by reason of its
investments in equity securities of MLPs. The Fund may be
subject to alternative minimum tax on its alternative minimum
taxable income to the extent that the alternative minimum tax
exceeds the Funds regular income tax liability. The
Funds payment of U.S. corporate income tax or
alternative minimum tax could materially reduce the amount of
cash available
84
for the Fund to make distributions on the shares. In addition,
distributions to shareholders of the Fund will be taxed under
federal income tax laws applicable to corporate distributions,
and thus the Funds taxable income will be subject to a
double layer of taxation.
Certain
Fund Investments
MLP Equity Securities. MLPs differ from
corporations in the way they are treated for U.S. federal
income tax purposes. A corporation is required to pay
U.S. federal income tax on its income, and, to the extent
the corporation makes distributions to its shareholders in the
form of dividends from earnings and profits, its shareholders
are required to pay U.S. federal income tax on such
dividends. For this reason, it is said that corporate income is
taxed at two levels. An MLP is instead generally treated as a
partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, which
means no U.S. federal income tax is imposed at the
partnership entity level. A partnerships items of taxable
income, gain, loss and deductions are generally allocated among
all the partners in proportion to their interests in the
partnership. Each partner is required to include in income its
allocable shares of these tax items. Partnership income is thus
said to be taxed only at one level at the partner
level.
The Code generally requires all publicly traded partnerships to
be treated as corporations for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. If, however, a publicly traded partnership satisfies
specific requirements, the publicly traded partnership will be
treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. Such publicly traded partnerships are referred to in
this Tax Matters discussion as MLPs. Under these
requirements, an MLP is required to derive at least 90% of its
gross income for each taxable year from specified sources of
qualifying income, such as interest, dividends, real estate
rents, gain from the sale or disposition of real property, gains
on sales of certain capital assets, and in certain limited
circumstances, income and gain from commodities or futures,
forwards and options with respect to commodities. Qualifying
income also includes income and gain from mineral or natural
resources activities, including exploration, development,
production, mining, refining, certain marketing and
transportation (including pipelines) of oil and gas, minerals,
fertilizer, geothermal energy, or timber. Most MLPs today are in
natural resources, timber or real estate related (including
mortgage securities) businesses.
Although distributions from MLPs resemble corporate dividends,
they are treated differently for U.S. federal income tax
purposes. A distribution from an MLP is treated as a tax-free
return of capital to the extent of the partners tax basis
in its MLP interest and as gain from the sale or exchange of the
MLP interest to the extent the distribution exceeds the
partners tax basis in its MLP interest.
When the Fund invests in the equity securities of an MLP, the
Fund will be a partner in such MLP. Accordingly, the Fund will
be required to include in its taxable income the Funds
allocable share of the income, gains, losses and deductions
recognized by each such MLP, whether or not the MLP distributes
cash to the Fund. Based upon a review of the historic results of
the type of MLPs in which the Fund intends to invest, the Fund
expects that the cash distributions it will receive with respect
its investments in equity securities of MLPs will exceed the
taxable income allocated to the Fund from such MLPs. No
assurance, however, can be given in this regard. If this
expectation is not realized, the Fund will have a larger
corporate income tax expense than expected, which will result in
less cash available to distribute to shareholders.
The Fund will recognize gain or loss on the sale, exchange or
other taxable disposition of an equity security of an MLP equal
to the difference between the amount realized by the Fund on the
sale, exchange or other taxable disposition and the Funds
adjusted tax basis in such equity security. Any such gain will
be subject to U.S. federal income tax at the regular
graduated corporate rates (currently at a maximum rate of 35%),
regardless of how long the Fund has held such equity security.
The amount realized by the Fund generally will be the amount
paid by the purchaser of the equity security plus the portion of
the Funds allocable share, if any, of the MLPs debt
that will be allocated to the purchaser as a result of the sale,
exchange or other taxable disposition. The Funds adjusted
tax basis in its equity securities in an MLP is generally equal
to the amount the Fund paid for the equity securities,
(x) increased by the Funds allocable share of the
MLPs net taxable income and the Funds allocable
share of the MLPs debt, if any, and (y) decreased by
the Funds allocable share of the MLPs net losses,
reductions in the Funds allocable share
85
of the MLPs debt, if any, and any distributions received
by the Fund from the MLP. Although any distribution by an MLP to
the Fund in excess of the Funds allocable share of such
MLPs net taxable income generally will not be taxable to
the extent the distribution does not exceed the Funds tax
basis in the MLP, such distribution will reduce the Funds
tax basis and thus increase the amount of gain (or decrease the
amount of loss) that will be recognized on the sale of an equity
security in the MLP by the Fund or on a subsequent distribution
by the MLP to the Fund.
The Funds allocable share of certain percentage-depletion
deductions and intangible drilling costs of the MLPs in which
the Fund invests may be treated as items of tax preference for
purposes of calculating the Funds alternative minimum
taxable income. Such items will increase the Funds
alternative minimum taxable income and increase the likelihood
that the Fund may be subject to the alternative minimum tax.
Other Investments. The Funds
transactions in foreign currencies, forward contracts, options
and futures contracts (including options and futures contracts
on foreign currencies), to the extent permitted, will be subject
to special provisions of the Code (including provisions relating
to hedging transactions and straddles)
that, among other things, may affect the character of gains and
losses realized by the Fund (i.e., may affect whether
gains or losses are ordinary or capital or short-term versus
long-term), accelerate recognition of income to the Fund and
defer Fund losses. These provisions also (a) will require
the Fund to mark-to-market certain types of the positions in its
portfolio (i.e., treat them as if they were closed out at
the end of each year) and (b) may cause the Fund to
recognize income without receiving a corresponding amount cash.
If the Fund invests in debt obligations having original issue
discount, the Fund may recognize taxable income from such
investments in excess of any cash received from the investments.
Foreign Investments. Dividends or other income
(including, in some cases, capital gains) received by the Fund
from investments in
non-U.S. securities
may be subject to withholding and other taxes imposed by foreign
countries. Tax conventions between certain countries and the
United States may reduce or eliminate such taxes in some cases.
Foreign taxes paid by the Fund will reduce the return from the
Funds investments. Shareholders will not be entitled to
claim credits or deductions on their own tax returns for foreign
taxes paid by the Fund.
The Fund may invest in PFICs. As a result of an investment in a
PFIC, the Fund may be subject to additional taxes or, if it
makes one of the elections described below, may be required to
recognize taxable income related to such investment prior to its
receipt of the corresponding cash.
If the Fund were to invest in a PFIC and elect to treat the PFIC
as a qualified electing fund under the Code, the
Fund would be required to include in income each year a portion
of the ordinary earnings and net capital gains of the qualified
electing fund, even if not distributed to the Fund. In order to
make this election, the Fund would be required to obtain certain
annual information from the PFICs in which it invests, which may
be difficult or impossible to obtain.
Alternatively, the Fund may make a mark-to-market election with
respect to an interest in a PFIC that is marketable
stock as defined in the PFIC rules. This election will
result in the Funds being treated as if it had sold and
repurchased its PFIC stock at the end of each year. In such
case, the Fund would report any such gains as ordinary income
and would deduct any such losses as ordinary losses to the
extent of previously recognized gains. The election must be made
separately for each PFIC owned by the Fund and, once made, would
be effective for all subsequent taxable years, unless revoked
with the consent of IRS.
U.S.
Shareholders
Distributions. Distributions by the Fund of
cash or property in respect of the common shares will be treated
as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the
extent paid from the Funds current or accumulated earnings
and profits (as determined under U.S. federal income tax
principles) and will be includible in gross income by a
U.S. Shareholder upon receipt. Any such dividend will be
eligible for the dividends received deduction if received by an
otherwise qualifying corporate U.S. Shareholder that meets
the holding period and other requirements for the dividends
received deduction. Dividends paid by the Fund to
86
certain non-corporate U.S. Shareholders (including
individuals), with respect to taxable years beginning on or
before December 31, 2010, will be eligible for
U.S. federal income taxation at the rates generally
applicable to long-term capital gains for individuals (currently
at a maximum tax rate of 15%), provided that the
U.S. Shareholder receiving the dividend satisfies
applicable holding period and other requirements.
If the amount of a Fund distribution exceeds the Funds
current and accumulated earnings and profits, such excess will
be treated first as a tax-free return of capital to the extent
of the U.S. Shareholders tax basis in the common
shares, and then as capital gain. Any such capital gain will be
long-term capital gain if such U.S. Shareholder has held
the applicable common shares for more than one year. The
Funds earnings and profits are generally calculated by
making certain adjustments to the Funds taxable income.
Based upon the Funds review of the historic results of the
type of MLPs in which the Fund intends to invest, the Fund
expects that the cash distributions it will receive with respect
to its investments in equity securities of MLPs will exceed the
Funds earnings and profits. Accordingly, the Fund expects
that only a portion of its distributions to its shareholders
with respect to the common shares will be treated as dividends
for U.S. federal income tax purposes. No assurance,
however, can be given in this regard.
Because the Fund will invest a substantial portion of its assets
in natural resources-related MLPs, special rules will apply to
the calculation of the Funds earnings and profits. For
example, the Funds earnings and profits will be calculated
using the straight-line depreciation method rather than the
accelerated depreciation method. This difference in treatment
may, for example, result in the Funds earnings and profits
being higher than the Funds taxable income in a particular
year if the MLPs in which the Fund invests calculate their
income using accelerated depreciation. Because of these
differences, the Fund may make distributions in a particular
year out of earnings and profits (treated as dividends) in
excess of the amount of the Funds taxable income for such
year.
U.S. Shareholders that participate in the Funds
dividend reinvestment plan will be treated for U.S. federal
income tax purposes as having (i) received a distribution
equal to the reinvested amount (taxable as described immediately
above) and (ii) reinvested such amount in common shares.
Sales of Shares. Upon the sale, exchange or
other taxable disposition of common shares, a
U.S. Shareholder generally will recognize capital gain or
loss equal to the difference between the amount realized on the
sale, exchange or other taxable disposition and the
U.S. Shareholders adjusted tax basis in the common
shares. Any such capital gain or loss will be a long-term
capital gain or loss if the U.S. Shareholder has held the
common shares for more than one year at the time of disposition.
Long-term capital gains of certain non-corporate
U.S. Shareholders (including individuals) are currently
subject to U.S. federal income taxation at a maximum rate
of 15% (scheduled to increase to 20% for taxable years beginning
after December 31, 2010). The deductibility of capital
losses is subject to limitations under the Code.
A redemption of common shares will be treated as a sale or
exchange of such common shares provided the redemption is not
essentially equivalent to a dividend, is a substantially
disproportionate redemption, is a complete redemption of an
shareholders interest in the Fund, or is in partial
liquidation of the Fund. A redemption treated as a sale or
exchange of common shares will be subject to U.S. federal
income tax as described immediately above. Redemptions that do
not qualify for sale or exchange treatment will be treated as
dividends to the extent paid from the Funds current or
accumulated earnings and profits. To the extent the Fund does
not have sufficient earnings and profits, the redemption
proceeds will constitute a return of capital and will first be
applied against and reduce a shareholders adjusted basis
in his or her common shares, but not below zero, and then the
excess, if any, will be treated as gain from the sale of the
common shares. If the Fund redeems common shares, there is a
risk that the non-tendering shareholders would be considered to
have received a deemed distribution as a result of the
Funds purchase of the tendered common shares, and all or a
portion of that deemed distribution may be taxable as a dividend.
A U.S. Shareholders adjusted tax basis in its common
shares may be less than the price paid for the common shares as
a result of distributions by the Fund in excess of the
Funds earnings and profits (i.e., returns of
capital).
87
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding
Requirements. In general, distributions on the
common shares, and payments of the proceeds from a sale,
exchange or other disposition of the common shares paid to a
U.S. Shareholder are subject to information reporting on
Form 1099 and may be subject to backup withholding
(currently at a maximum rate of 28%) unless the
U.S. Shareholder (i) is a corporation or other exempt
recipient or (ii) provides an accurate taxpayer
identification number and certifies that it is not subject to
backup withholding. Backup withholding is not an additional tax.
Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a
payment to a U.S. Shareholder may be refunded or credited
against the U.S. Shareholders U.S. federal
income tax liability, if any, provided that the required
information is furnished to the IRS. Each U.S. Shareholder
will receive, if appropriate, various written notices after the
close of the Funds taxable year describing the amount and
the U.S. federal income tax status of distributions that
were paid (or that are treated as having been paid) by the Fund
to the U.S. Shareholder, and the amount of any
U.S. federal taxes withheld, during the preceding taxable
year.
Non-U.S.
Shareholders
For purposes of this summary, the term
Non-U.S. Shareholder
means a beneficial owner of common shares that, for
U.S. federal income tax purposes, is one of the following:
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a non-resident alien individual, other than certain former
citizens and residents of the United States subject to tax as
expatriates,
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a foreign corporation or
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a foreign estate or trust.
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If a partnership holds shares, the U.S. federal income tax
treatment of a partner in such partnership generally will depend
upon the status of the partner and the activities of the
partnership. Partners of partnerships that hold shares should
consult their tax advisors.
A
Non-U.S. Shareholder
does not include (i) an individual who is present in the
United States for 183 days or more in the taxable year of
disposition and is not otherwise a resident of the United States
for U.S. federal income tax purposes or (ii) any
person who owns at any time, actually or constructively, more
than 5% of the Funds common shares. Any such person is
urged to consult his, her or its own tax advisor regarding the
U.S. federal income tax consequences of the sale, exchange
or other disposition of common shares.
This summary assumes that the
Non-U.S. Shareholders
investment in the Fund is not effectively connected with the
conduct by such
Non-U.S. Shareholder
of a trade or business in the United States. Any
Non-U.S. Shareholder
whose investment in the Fund is effectively connected with such
Non-U.S. Shareholders
conduct of a trade or business in the United States should
consult its own tax advisor.
Distributions. Distributions by the Fund of
cash or property in respect of the common shares will be treated
as dividends for U.S. federal income tax purposes to the
extent paid from the Funds current and accumulated
earnings and profits (as determined under U.S. federal
income tax principles). Dividends paid by the Fund to a
Non-U.S. Shareholder
generally will be subject to withholding tax at a 30% rate or a
reduced rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty. In
order to obtain a reduced rate of withholding tax, a
Non-U.S. Shareholder
will be required to provide an IRS
Form W-8BEN
certifying its entitlement to benefits under a treaty.
If the amount of a Fund distribution exceeds the Funds
current and accumulated earnings and profits, such excess will
be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes first as a
tax-free return of capital to the extent of the
Non-U.S. Shareholders
tax basis in the common shares, and then as capital gain. As
discussed above, the Fund expects that only a portion of its
distributions to its shareholders with respect to the common
shares will be treated as dividends for U.S. federal income
tax purposes. To the extent that any distribution by the Fund is
not treated as a dividend, such distribution will not be subject
to U.S. withholding tax, unless the Fund is or has been a
U.S. real property holding corporation, as defined below,
at any time within the five-year period preceding the
distribution or the
Non-U.S. Shareholders
holding period, whichever is shorter, and
88
the common shares have ceased to be traded on an established
securities market prior to the beginning of the calendar year in
which the distribution occurs. Gain recognized by a
Non-U.S. Shareholder
as a consequence of a distribution by the Fund will not be
subject to U.S. federal income tax, except as described
below under Sale of Shares.
Sale of Shares. A
Non-U.S. Shareholder
generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on
gain realized on the sale, exchange or other disposition of
common shares unless:
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the gain is effectively connected with a trade or business of
the
Non-U.S. Shareholder
in the United States, subject to an applicable treaty providing
otherwise, or
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the Fund is or has been a U.S. real property holding
corporation, as defined below, at any time within the five-year
period preceding the disposition or the
Non-U.S. Shareholders
holding period, whichever is shorter, and the common shares have
ceased to be traded on an established securities market prior to
the beginning of the calendar year in which the sale, exchange
or other disposition occurs.
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Generally, a corporation is a U.S. real property holding
corporation if the fair market value of its U.S. real
property interests, as defined in the Code and applicable
regulations, equals or exceeds 50% of the aggregate fair market
value of its worldwide real property interests and its other
assets used or held for use in a trade or business. The Fund may
be, or may prior to a
Non-U.S. Shareholders
disposition of common shares become, a U.S. real property
holding corporation.
Information Reporting and Backup
Withholding. Information returns will be filed
with the Internal Revenue Service in connection with payments of
dividends and the proceeds from a sale or other disposition of
common shares. A
Non-U.S. Shareholder
may have to comply with certification procedures to establish
that it is not a United States person in order to avoid backup
withholding tax requirements. The certification procedures
required to claim a reduced rate of withholding under a treaty
will satisfy the certification requirements necessary to avoid
the backup withholding tax as well. The amount of any backup
withholding from a payment to a
Non-U.S. Shareholder
may entitle such holder to a refund, provided that the required
information is furnished to the Internal Revenue Service.
OTHER
SERVICE PROVIDERS
Computershare Inc. and its fully owned subsidiary Computershare
Trust Company, N.A., which are located at 250 Royall
Street, Canton, MA 02021, have entered into a transfer agency
and service agreement with the Fund. Under this agreement,
Computershare Trust Company, N.A. serves as the Funds
transfer agent, registrar and administrator of its dividend
reinvestment plan, and Computershare Inc. serves as dividend
disbursing agent and may act on behalf of Computershare
Trust Company, N.A. in providing certain of the services
covered by the agreement.
U.S. Bank National Association, which is located at
1555 N. Rivercenter Dr., Suite 302, Milwaukee, WI
53212, acts as custodian of the Funds securities and other
assets.
The Administrator acts as the Funds fund accountant. The
Administrator will assist in the calculation of the Funds
net asset value. The Administrator will also maintain and keep
current the accounts, books, records and other documents
relating to the Funds financial and portfolio transactions.
CODE OF
ETHICS
The Fund and the Investment Adviser have adopted a code of
ethics under
Rule 17j-1
of the 1940 Act. This code permits personnel subject to the code
to invest in securities, including securities that may be
purchased or held by the Fund. This code of ethics can be
reviewed and copied at the SECs Public Reference Room in
Washington, D.C. Information on the operation of the Public
Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at
1-202-551-8090. The code of ethics is available on the EDGAR
Database on the SECs web site
(http://www.sec.gov),
and copies of this code may be obtained, after paying a
duplicating fee, by
89
electronic request at the following
e-mail
address: publicinfo@sec.gov, or by writing the SECs
Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C.
20549-0102.
PROXY
VOTING POLICY AND PROXY VOTING RECORD
The Board of Trustees of the Fund has delegated the voting of
proxies for Fund securities to the Investment Adviser pursuant
to the Investment Advisers proxy voting policies and
procedures. Under these policies and procedures, the Investment
Adviser will vote proxies related to Fund securities in the best
interests of the Fund and its shareholders. A summary of the
Investment Advisers proxy voting policies and procedures
is attached as Appendix B to this Prospectus.
LEGAL
MATTERS
Certain legal matters in connection with the Funds common
shares will be passed upon for the Fund by Skadden, Arps, Slate,
Meagher & Flom LLP.
INDEPENDENT
REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Fund has selected Deloitte & Touche LLP as its
independent registered public accounting firm.
Deloitte & Touche LLPs principal business
address is located at 2200 Ross Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75201.
ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
The Fund is subject to the informational requirements of the
1934 Act and the 1940 Act and in accordance with those
requirements is required to file reports, proxy statements and
other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Any such reports and other information, including the Fund and
Investment Advisers code of ethics, can be inspected and
copied at the Securities and Exchange Commissions Public
Reference Room, Washington, D.C.
20549-0102.
Information on the operation of such public reference facilities
may be obtained by calling the Securities and Exchange
Commission at
(202) 551-8090.
Copies of such materials can be obtained from the Securities and
Exchange Commissions Public Reference Room, at prescribed
rates, or by electronic request at publicinfo@sec.gov.
The Securities and Exchange Commission maintains a website at
www.sec.gov containing reports and information statements
and other information regarding registrants, including the Fund,
that file electronically with the Securities and Exchange
Commission. Reports, proxy statements and other information
concerning the Fund can also be inspected at the offices of the
New York Stock Exchange, 20 Broad Street, New York, New
York 10005. Copies of the Funds annual and semi-annual
reports may be obtained, without charge, upon request mailed to
Jerry Swank, the Cushing MLP Total Return Fund, 3300 Oak Lawn
Avenue, Suite 650, Dallas, Texas 75219 or by calling him
toll free at
(800) 662-7232
and also are made available on the Funds website at
www.swankcapital.com. You may also call this toll-free
telephone number to request other information about the Fund or
to make shareholder inquiries. Information on, or accessible
through, the Funds website is not a part of, and is not
incorporated into, this Prospectus.
Additional information regarding the Fund is contained in the
registration statement on
Form N-2,
including amendments, exhibits and schedules to the registration
statement relating to such shares filed by the Fund with the
Securities and Exchange Commission in Washington, D.C. This
Prospectus does not contain all of the information set out in
the registration statement, including any amendments, exhibits
and schedules to the registration statement. For further
information with respect to the Fund and the shares offered
hereby, reference is made to the registration statement.
Statements contained in this Prospectus as to the contents of
any contract or other document referred to are not necessarily
complete and in each instance reference is made to the copy of
such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the
registration statement, each such statement being qualified in
all respects by such reference. A copy of the registration
statement may be inspected without charge at the Securities and
Exchange Commissions principal office in
Washington, D.C.,
90
and copies of all or any part of the registration statement may
be obtained from the Securities and Exchange Commission upon the
payment of certain fees prescribed by the Securities and
Exchange Commission.
FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
The Financial Statements of the Fund and Notes thereto and the
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm from the
Funds Annual Report to Shareholders for the fiscal year
ended November 30, 2008 were filed with the SEC and are
each incorporated by reference into this Prospectus.
91
APPENDIX A
RATINGS
OF INVESTMENTS
S&Ps
Bond Ratings
AAA. Debt rated AAA had the highest rating
assigned by S&P. Capacity to pay interest and repay
principal is extremely strong.
AA. Debt rated AA has a very strong capacity
to pay interest and repay principal and differs from the higher
rated issues only in small degree.
A. Debt rated A has a strong capacity to pay
interest and repay principal although it is somewhat more
susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances
and economic conditions than debt in higher rated categories.
BBB. Debt rated BBB is regarded as having an
adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Whereas
it normally exhibits adequate protection parameters, adverse
economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to
lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal
for debt in this category than in higher rated categories.
BB, B, CCC, CC and C. Debt rated BB, B,
CCC, CC and C is regarded, on balance, as predominantly
speculative with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay
principal in accordance with the terms of the obligation. BB
indicates the lowest degree of speculation and C the highest
degree of speculation. While such debt will likely have some
quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by
large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse
conditions.
CI. The rating CI is reserved for income bonds
on which no interest is being paid.
D. Debt rated D is in default, and payment of
interest
and/or
repayment of principal is in arrears.
Moodys
Bond Ratings
AAA. Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to
be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of
investment risk and are generally referred to as
gilt-edge. Interest payments are protected by a
large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is
secure. While the various protective elements are likely to
change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to
impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.
Aa. Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be
of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group
they comprise what are generally known as high-grade bonds. They
are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of
protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or
fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude
or there may be other elements present which make the long term
risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
A. Bonds which are rated A possess many
favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as
upper medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to
principal and interest are considered adequate but elements may
be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime
in the future.
Baa. Bonds which are rated Baa are considered
as medium grade obligations, i.e., they are neither
highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payments and
principal security appear adequate for the present but certain
protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically
unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack
outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have
speculative characteristics as well.
Ba. Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to
have speculative elements; their future cannot be considered as
well assured. Often the protection of interest and principal
payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded
during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of
position characterizes bonds in this class.
A-1
B. Bonds which are rated B generally lack
characteristics of the desirable investment. Assurance of
interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms
of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
Caa. Bonds which are rated Caa are of poor
standing. Such issues may be in default or there may be present
elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.
Ca. Bonds which are rated Ca represent
obligations which are speculative in a high degree. Such issues
are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.
C. Bonds which are rated C are the lowest
rated class of bonds and issues so rated can be regarded as
having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real
investment standing.
Fitch
Long-Term Debt Ratings
AAA. Highest credit
quality. AAA ratings denote the
lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in
case of exceptionally strong capacity for timely payment of
financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be
adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA. Very high credit
quality. AA ratings denote a very low
expectation of credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity
for timely payment of financial commitments. This capacity is
not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A. High credit quality. A
ratings denote a low expectation of credit risk. The capacity
for timely payment of financial commitments is considered
strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to
changes in circumstances or in economic conditions than is the
case for higher ratings.
BBB. Good credit
quality. BBB ratings indicate that
there is currently a low expectation of credit risk. The
capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is
considered adequate, but adverse changes in circumstances and in
economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
This is the lowest investment-grade category.
BB. Speculative. BB ratings
indicate that there is a possibility of credit risk developing,
particularly as the result of adverse economic change over time;
however, business or financial alternatives may be available to
allow financial commitments to be met. Securities rated in this
category are not investment grade.
B. Highly speculative. B
ratings indicate that significant credit risk is present, but a
limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are
currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is
contingent upon a sustained, favorable business and economic
environment.
CCC, CC, C. High default risk. Default
is a real possibility. Capacity for meeting financial
commitments is solely reliant upon sustained, favorable business
or economic developments. A CC rating indicates that
default of some kind appears probable. C ratings
signal imminent default.
DDD, DD, D. Default. The ratings of
obligations in this category are based on their prospects for
achieving partial or full recovery in a reorganization or
liquidation of the obligor. While expected recovery values are
highly speculative and cannot be estimated with any precision,
the following serve as general guidelines. DDD
obligations have the highest potential for recovery, around
90%-100% of outstanding amounts and accrued interest.
DD indicates potential recoveries in the range of
50%-90%, and D the lowest recovery potential,
i.e., below 50%.
Entities rated in this category have defaulted on some or all of
their obligations. Entities rated DDD have the
highest prospect for resumption of performance or continued
operation with or without a formal reorganization process.
Entities rated DD and D are generally
undergoing a formal reorganization or liquidation process; those
rated DD are likely to satisfy a higher portion of
their outstanding obligations, while entities rated
D have a poor prospect for repaying all obligations.
A-2
Commercial
Paper Ratings
Commercial paper rated by S&P has the following
characteristics: Liquidity ratios are adequate to meet cash
requirements. Long-term senior debt is rated A or
better. The issuer has access to at least two additional
channels of borrowing. Basic earnings and cash flow have an
upward trend with allowance made for unusual circumstances.
Typically, the issuers industry is well established and
the issuer has a strong position within the industry. The
reliability and quality of management are unquestioned. Relative
strength or weakness of the above factors determine whether the
issuers commercial paper is rated
A-1 or
A-2.
The ratings Prime-1 and Prime-2 are the two highest commercial
paper ratings assigned by Moodys. Among the factors
considered by it in assigning ratings are the following:
(1) evaluation of the management of the issuer;
(2) economic evaluation of the issuers industry or
industries and an appraisal of speculative-type risks which may
be inherent in certain areas; (3) evaluation of the
issuers products in relation to competition and customer
acceptance; (4) liquidity; (5) amount and quality of
long-term debt; (6) trend of earnings over a period of ten
years; (7) financial strength of a parent company and the
relationships which exist with the issuer; and
(8) recognition by the management of obligations which may
be present or may arise as a result of public interest questions
and preparations to meet such obligations. Relative strength or
weakness of the above factors determines whether the
issuers commercial paper is rated Prime-1 or 2.
A-3
APPENDIX B
PROXY
VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
SWANK ENERGY INCOME ADVISORS, LP
Proxy
Voting Policy
Swank Energy Income Advisors, LP (the Investment
Manager) serves as the investment adviser and
general partner, respectively, of certain investment vehicles
and other clients (each a Client and
collectively, the Clients). Through
these relationships the Investment Manager is sometimes
delegated the right to vote, on behalf of the Clients, proxies
received from companies, the securities of which are owned by
the Clients.
Purpose
The Investment Manager follows this proxy voting policy (the
Policy) to ensure that proxies the
Investment Manager votes, on behalf of each Client, are voted to
further the best interest of that Client. The Policy establishes
a mechanism to address any conflicts of interests between the
Investment Manager and the Client. Further, the Policy
establishes how Clients may obtain information on how the
proxies have been voted.
Determination
of Vote
The Investment Manager determines how to vote after studying the
proxy materials and any other materials that may be necessary or
beneficial to voting. The Investment Manager votes in a manner
that the Investment Manager believes reasonably furthers the
best interests of the Client and is consistent with the
Investment Philosophy as set forth in the relevant investment
management documents.
The major proxy-related issues generally fall within five
categories: corporate governance, takeover defenses,
compensation plans, capital structure, and social
responsibility. The Investment Manager will cast votes for these
matters on a
case-by-case
basis. The Investment Manager will generally vote in favor of
matters which follow an agreeable corporate strategic direction,
support an ownership structure that enhances shareholder value
without diluting managements accountability to
shareholders
and/or
present compensation plans that are commensurate with enhanced
manager performance and market practices.
Resolution
of any Conflicts of Interest
If a proxy vote creates a material conflict between the
interests of the Investment Manager and a Client, the Investment
Manager will resolve the conflict before voting the proxies. The
Investment Manager will either disclose the conflict to the
Client and obtain a consent or take other steps designed to
ensure that a decision to vote the proxy was based on the
Investment Managers determination of the Clients
best interest and was not the product of the conflict.
Records
The Investment Manager maintains records of (i) all proxy
statements and materials the Investment Manager receives on
behalf of Clients; (ii) all proxy votes that are made on
behalf of the Clients; (iii) all documents that were
material to a proxy vote; (iv) all written requests from
Clients regarding voting history; and (v) all responses
(written and oral) to Clients requests. Such records are
available to the Clients (and owners of a Client that is an
investment vehicle) upon request.
B-1
Until January 24, 2010 (25 days after commencement of
this offering), all dealers that buy, sell or trade the common
shares, whether or not participating in this offering, may be
required to deliver a prospectus. This delivery requirement is
in addition to the dealers obligation to deliver a
prospectus with respect to their unsold allotments or
subscription.
The Cushing MLP Total Return
Fund
250,000 Common Shares of
Beneficial Interest
PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
December 30, 2009