d863888_20-f.htm


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 20-F

 
 o  REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR 12(g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE
   
   OR
   
x
 ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007

OR
 
o
 TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 For the transition period from              to

 OR
 
o
SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 
Date of event requiring this shell company report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

For the transition period from              to

Commission file number _____________________________

 
DIANA SHIPPING INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
 
Diana Shipping Inc.
(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)
 
Republic of The Marshall Islands
(Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
Pendelis 16, 175 64 Palaio Faliro, Athens, Greece
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
 
Title of each class                                                                                     Name of each exchange on which registered
Common share, $0.01 par value                                                               New York Stock Exchange
 
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
 
Securities for which there is a reporting obligation pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Act:
 
 
 

 

Title of each class                                                                                     Name of each exchange on which registered
              None
 
Indicate the number of outstanding shares of each of the issuer’s classes of capital or common stock as of the close of the period covered by the annual report:
 
As of December 31, 2007, there were 74,375,000 shares of the registrant’s Common Shares outstanding.
 
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act
  o
Yes
  x
No
If this report is an annual or transition report, indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
  o
Yes
  x
No
Note-Checking the box above will not relieve any registrant required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 from their obligations under those Sections.
       
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
  x
Yes
  o
No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
 
       
 

       Large accelerated filer o
Accelerated filer x
 
       Non-accelerated filer
       (Do not check if a smaller
       reporting company)   o
 
 
Smaller reporting company   o


Indicate by check mark which financial statement item the registrant has elected to follow.
 
  o
Item 17
  x
Item 18
 If this is an annual report, indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  o   Yes  x  No

 
1

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 

 


FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
 
PART I
 
4
Item 1.
Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
4
Item 2.
Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
4
Item 3.
Key Information
4
Item 4.
Information on the Company
18
Item 4A.
Unresolved Staff Comments
30
Item 5.
Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
30
Item 6
Directors, Senior Management and Employees
45
Item 7
Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions
50
Item 8.
Financial information
52
Item 9.
Listing Details
53
Item 10.
Additional Information
54
Item 11.
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
57
Item 12.
Description of Securities Other than Equity Securities
58
PART II
 
58
Item 13.
Defaults, Dividend Arrearages and Delinquencies
58
Item 14.
Material Modifications to the Rights of Security Holders and Use of Proceeds
58
Item 15.
Controls and Procedures
58
Item 16A.
Audit Committee Financial Expert
59
Item 16B.
Code of Ethics
59
Item 16C.
Principal Accountant Fees and Services
60
Item 16D.
Exemptions from the Listing Standards for Audit Committees
60
Item 16E.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
60
PART III
 
61
Item 17.
Financial Statements
61
Item 18.
Financial Statements
61
Item 19.
Exhibits
61
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
F-1

2


 
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 
Diana Shipping Inc., or the Company, desires to take advantage of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and is including this cautionary statement in connection with this safe harbor legislation.  This document and any other written or oral statements made by us or on our behalf may include forward-looking statements, which reflect our current views with respect to future events and financial performance.  The words “believe”, “except,” “anticipate,” “intends,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “project,” “plan,” “potential,” “will,” “may,” “should,” “expect” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements.
 
Please note in this annual report, “we”, “us”, “our”, “The Company”, all refer to Diana Shipping Inc. and its subsidiaries.
 
The forward-looking statements in this document are based upon various assumptions, many of which are based, in turn, upon further assumptions, including without limitation, management’s examination of historical operating trends, data contained in our records and other data available from third parties.  Although we believe that these assumptions were reasonable when made, because these assumptions are inherently subject to significant uncertainties and contingencies which are difficult or impossible to predict and are beyond our control, we cannot assure you that we will achieve or accomplish these expectations, beliefs or projections.
 
In addition to these important factors and matters discussed elsewhere herein, important factors that, in our view, could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements include the strength of world economies, fluctuations in currencies and interest rates, general market conditions, including fluctuations in charter hire rates and vessel values, changes in demand in the dry-bulk shipping industry, changes in the Company's operating expenses, including bunker prices, drydocking and insurance costs, changes in governmental rules and regulations or actions taken by regulatory authorities, potential liability from pending or future litigation, general domestic and international political conditions, potential disruption of shipping routes due to accidents or political events, and other important factors described from time to time in the reports filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
 

 
3

 


 
PART I
 
Item 1.     Identity of Directors, Senior Management and Advisers
 
Not Applicable.
 
Item 2.     Offer Statistics and Expected Timetable
 
Not Applicable.
 
Item 3.     Key Information
 
 
A.
Selected Financial Data
 
 
The following table sets forth our selected consolidated financial data and other operating data. The selected consolidated financial data in the table as of December 31, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004, and 2003 and for the five year periods ended December 31, 2007 are derived from our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and have been audited by Ernst & Young (Hellas) Certified Auditors Accountants S.A. (“Ernst & Young”), an independent registered public accounting firm. The following data should be read in conjunction with Item 5. “Operating and Financial Review and Prospects”, the consolidated financial statements, related notes and other financial information included elsewhere in this annual report.
 

   
As of and for the
Year Ended December 31,
   
   
2007
 
2006
 
2005
 
2004
 
2003
   
   
(in thousands of U.S. dollars,
except for share and per share data and average daily results)
   
Income Statement Data:
                       
Voyage and time charter revenues
$
190,480
$
116,101
$
103,104
$
63,839
$
25,277
   
Voyage expenses
 
8,697
 
6,059
 
6,480
 
4,330
 
1,549
   
Vessel operating expenses
 
29,332
 
22,489
 
14,955
 
9,514
 
6,267
   
Depreciation and amortization
 
24,443
 
16,709
 
9,943
 
5,087
 
3,978
   
Management fees
 
-
 
573
 
1,731
 
947
 
728
   
Executive management services and rent
 
-
 
76
 
455
 
1,528
 
1,470
   
General and administrative expenses
 
11,718
 
6,331
 
2,871
 
300
 
123
   
Gain on vessel sale
 
(21,504)
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
-
   
Foreign currency losses (gains)
 
(144)
 
 (52)
 
(30)
 
3
 
20
   
                         
Operating income
 
137,938
 
63,916
 
66,699
 
42,130
 
11,142
   
Interest and finance costs
 
(6,394)
 
 (3,886)
 
(2,731)
 
(2,165)
 
(1,680)
   
Interest income
 
2,676
 
1,033
 
1,022
 
136
 
27
   
Gain on vessel’s sale
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
19,982
 
-
   
                         
Net income
$
134,220
$
61,063
$
64,990
$
60,083
$
9,489
   
                         
Preferential deemed dividend
$
-
$
(20,267)
$
-
$
-
$
-
   
                         
Net income available to common stockholders
$
134,220
$
40,796
$
64,990
$
60,083
$
9,489
   
                         
Basic earnings per share
$
2.11
$
0.82
$
1.72
$
2.17
$
0.37
   
                         
Weighted average basic and diluted shares outstanding
 
63,748,973
 
49,528,904
 
37,765,753
 
27,625,000
 
25,340,596
   
                         
Dividends declared per share
$
2.05
$
1.50
$
1.60
$
1.85
    $
-
 
                       
Balance Sheet Data:
                     
Cash and cash equivalents
$
16,726
$
14,511
$
21,230
$
1,758
    $
7,441
 
Total current assets
 
21,514
 
19,062
 
26,597
 
3,549
 
9,072
 
Vessels, Net
 
867,632
 
464,439
 
307,305
 
116,703
 
132,853
 
Total assets
 
944,342
 
510,675
 
341,949
 
155,636
 
134,494
 
Total current liabilities
 
20,964
 
7,636
 
4,667
 
11,344
 
9,107
 
Deferred revenue, non current portion
 
23,965
 
146
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
Long-term debt (including current portion)
 
98,819
 
138,239
 
12,859
 
92,246
 
82,628
 
Total stockholders' equity
 
799,474
 
363,103
 
324,158
 
59,052
 
48,441
 
                       
                     
Net cash flow provided by operating activities
$
148,959
$
82,370
$
69,256
$
47,379
$
15,218
 
Net cash flow used in investing activities
 
(409,085)
 
 (193,096)
 
(169,241)
 
(11,778)
 
(52,723)
 
Net cash flow provided by (used in) financing activities
 
262,341
 
104,007
 
119,457
 
(41,284)
 
43,079
 
                       
Fleet Data:
                     
Average number of vessels (1)
 
15.9
 
13.4
 
9.6
 
6.3
 
5.1
 
Number of vessels at end of period
 
18.0
 
15.0
 
12.0
 
7.0
 
6.0
 
Weighted average age of fleet at end of period (in years)
 
3.4
 
3.7
 
3.8
 
3.4
 
2.9
 
Ownership days (2)
 
5,813
 
4,897
 
3,510
 
2,319
 
1,852
 
Available days (3)
 
5,813
 
4,856
 
3,471
 
2,319
 
1,852
 
Operating days (4)
 
5,771
 
4,849
 
3,460
 
2,315
 
1,845
 
Fleet utilization (5)
 
99.3%
 
99.9%
 
99.7%
 
99.8%
 
99.6%
 
                       
Average Daily Results:
                     
Time charter equivalent (TCE) rate (6)
$
31,272
$
22,661
$
27,838
 $
25,661
 $
12,812
 
Daily vessel operating expenses (7)
 
5,046
 
4,592
 
4,261
 
4,103
 
3,384
 



Average number of vessels is the number of vessels that constituted our fleet for the relevant period, as measured by the sum of the number of days each vessel was a part of our fleet during the period divided by the number of calendar days in the period.
 
(2)
Ownership days are the aggregate number of days in a period during which each vessel in our fleet has been owned by us. Ownership days are an indicator of the size of our fleet over a period and affect both the amount of revenues and the amount of expenses that we record during a period.
 
(3)
Available days are the number of our ownership days less the aggregate number of days that our vessels are off-hire due to scheduled repairs or repairs under guarantee, vessel upgrades or special surveys and the aggregate amount of time that we spend positioning our vessels. The shipping industry uses available days to measure the number of days in a period during which vessels should be capable of generating revenues.
 
(4)
Operating days are the number of available days in a period less the aggregate number of days that our vessels are off-hire due to any reason, including unforeseen circumstances. The shipping industry uses operating days to measure the aggregate number of days in a period during which vessels actually generate revenues.
 
(5)
We calculate fleet utilization by dividing the number of our operating days during a period by the number of our available days during the period. The shipping industry uses fleet utilization to measure a company's efficiency in finding suitable employment for its vessels and minimizing the amount of days that its vessels are off-hire for reasons other than scheduled repairs or repairs under guarantee, vessel upgrades, special surveys or vessel positioning.
 
4


 
(6)
Time charter equivalent rates, or TCE rates, are defined as our voyage and time charter revenues less voyage expenses during a period divided by the number of our available days during the period, which is consistent with industry standards. Voyage expenses include port charges, bunker (fuel) expenses, canal charges and commissions. TCE rate is a standard shipping industry performance measure used primarily to compare daily earnings generated by vessels on time charters with daily earnings generated by vessels on voyage charters, because charter hire rates for vessels on voyage charters are generally not expressed in per day amounts while charter hire rates for vessels on time charters are generally expressed in such amounts. The following table reflects the calculation of our TCE rates for the periods presented.
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
   
2007
 
2006
 
2005
 
2004
 
2003
   
(in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for
TCE rates, which are expressed in U.S. dollars, and available days)
Voyage and time charter revenues
$
190,480
$
116,101
$
103,104
$
63,839
$
25,277
Less: voyage expenses
 
(8,697)
 
(6,059)
 
(6,480)
 
(4,330)
 
(1,549)
                     
Time charter equivalent revenues
$
181,783
$
110,042
$
96,624
$
59,509
$
23,728
                     
Available days
 
5,813
 
4,856
 
3,471
 
2,319
 
1,852
Time charter equivalent (TCE) rate
$
31,272
$
22,661
$
27,838
$
25,661
$
12,812
 
(8)
Daily vessel operating expenses, which include crew wages and related costs, the cost of insurance, expenses relating to repairs and maintenance, the costs of spares and consumable stores, tonnage taxes and other miscellaneous expenses, are calculated by dividing vessel operating expenses by ownership days for the relevant period.
 
 
B.
Capitalization and Indebtedness
 
Not Applicable.
 
C.
Reasons for the Offer and Use of Proceeds
 
Not Applicable.
 
D.
Risk Factors
 
 
Some of the following risks relate principally to the industry in which we operate and our business in general. Other risks relate principally to the securities market and ownership of our common stock. The occurrence of any of the events described in this section could significantly and negatively affect our business, financial condition, operating results or cash available for dividends or the trading price of our common stock.
 
Industry Specific Risk Factors

Charter hire rates for dry bulk carriers may decrease in the future, which may adversely affect our earnings

The dry bulk shipping industry is cyclical with attendant volatility in charter hire rates and profitability. For example, the degree of charter hire rate volatility among different types of dry bulk carriers has varied widely. Charter hire rates for Panamax and Capesize dry bulk carriers are near historically high levels. Because we charter some of our vessels pursuant to short-term time charters, we are exposed to changes in spot market and short-term charter rates for dry bulk carriers and such changes may affect our earnings and the value of our dry bulk carriers at any given time. We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully charter our vessels in the future or renew existing charters at rates sufficient to allow us to meet our obligations or to pay dividends to our stockholders. Because the factors affecting the supply and demand for vessels are outside of our control and are unpredictable, the nature, timing, direction and degree of changes in industry conditions are also unpredictable.

 
5

 


Factors that influence demand for vessel capacity include:

 
·
demand for and production of dry bulk products;

 
·
global and regional economic and political conditions;

 
·
the distance dry bulk is to be moved by sea; and

 
·
changes in seaborne and other transportation patterns.

The factors that influence the supply of vessel capacity include:

 
·
the number of newbuilding deliveries;

 
·
port and canal congestion;

 
·
the scrapping rate of older vessels;

 
·
vessel casualties; and

 
·
the number of vessels that are out of service.

We anticipate that the future demand for our dry bulk carriers will be dependent upon continued economic growth in the world's economies, including China and India, seasonal and regional changes in demand, changes in the capacity of the global dry bulk carrier fleet and the sources and supply of dry bulk cargo to be transported by sea. The capacity of the global dry bulk carrier fleet seems likely to increase and there can be no assurance that economic growth will continue. Adverse economic, political, social or other developments could have a material adverse effect on our business and operating results.

The market values of our vessels may decrease, which could limit the amount of funds that we can borrow under our credit facilities

The fair market values of our vessels have generally experienced high volatility. The market prices for secondhand Panamax and Capesize dry bulk carriers are near historically high levels. You should expect the market value of our vessels to fluctuate depending on general economic and market conditions affecting the shipping industry and prevailing charter hire rates, competition from other shipping companies and other modes of transportation, types, sizes and age of vessels, applicable governmental regulations and the cost of newbuildings. If the market value of our fleet declines, we may not be able to draw down the full amount of our credit facilities and we may not be able to obtain other financing or incur debt on terms that are acceptable to us or at all.

The market values of our vessels may decrease, which could cause us to breach covenants in our credit facilities and adversely affect our operating results

We believe that the market value of the vessels in our fleet is in excess of amounts required under our credit facilities. However, if the market values of our vessels, which are near historically high levels, decrease, we may breach some of the covenants contained in the financing agreements relating to our indebtedness at the time, including covenants in our credit facilities. If we do breach such covenants and we are unable to remedy the relevant breach, our lenders could accelerate our debt and foreclose on our fleet. In addition, if the book value of a vessel is impaired due to unfavorable market conditions or a vessel is sold at a price below its book value, we would incur a loss that could adversely affect our operating results.

 
6

 


World events could affect our results of operations and financial condition

The threat of future terrorist attacks in the United States and elsewhere continues to cause uncertainty in the world's financial markets and may affect our business, operating results and financial condition. The continuing conflict in Iraq may lead to additional acts of terrorism and armed conflict around the world, which may contribute to further economic instability in the global financial markets. These uncertainties could also adversely affect our ability to obtain additional financing on terms acceptable to us or at all. In the past, political conflicts have also resulted in attacks on vessels, mining of waterways and other efforts to disrupt international shipping, particularly in the Arabian Gulf region. Acts of terrorism and piracy have also affected vessels trading in regions such as the South China Sea. Any of these occurrences could have a material adverse impact on our operating results, revenues and costs.

Our operating results are subject to seasonal fluctuations, which could affect our operating results and the amount of available cash with which we can pay dividends

We operate our vessels in markets that have historically exhibited seasonal variations in demand and, as a result, in charter hire rates. This seasonality may result in quarter-to-quarter volatility in our operating results, which could affect the amount of dividends that we pay to our stockholders from quarter to quarter. The dry bulk carrier market is typically stronger in the fall and winter months in anticipation of increased consumption of coal and other raw materials in the northern hemisphere during the winter months. In addition, unpredictable weather patterns in these months tend to disrupt vessel scheduling and supplies of certain commodities. As a result, our revenues have historically been weaker during the fiscal quarters ended June 30 and September 30, and, conversely, our revenues have historically been stronger in fiscal quarters ended December 31 and March 31. While this seasonality has not materially affected our operating results, it could materially affect our operating results and cash available for distribution to our stockholders as dividends in the future.

Rising fuel prices may adversely affect our profits

While we generally do not bear the cost of fuel (bunkers) under our time charters, fuel is a significant, if not the largest, expense in our shipping operations when vessels are under voyage charter. Changes in the price of fuel may adversely affect our profitability. The price and supply of fuel is unpredictable and fluctuates based on events outside our control, including geopolitical developments, supply and demand for oil and gas, actions by OPEC and other oil and gas producers, war and unrest in oil producing countries and regions, regional production patterns and environmental concerns. Further, fuel may become much more expensive in the future, which may reduce the profitability and competitiveness of our business versus other forms of transportation, such as truck or rail.

We are subject to international safety regulations and the failure to comply with these regulations may subject us to increased liability, may adversely affect our insurance coverage and may result in a denial of access to, or detention in, certain ports

The operation of our vessels is affected by the requirements set forth in the United Nations' International Maritime Organization's International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and Pollution Prevention, or ISM Code. The ISM Code requires shipowners, ship managers and bareboat charterers to develop and maintain an extensive “Safety Management System” that includes the adoption of a safety and environmental protection policy setting forth instructions and procedures for safe operation and describing procedures for dealing with emergencies. The failure of a shipowner or bareboat charterer to comply with the ISM Code may subject it to increased liability, may invalidate existing insurance or decrease available insurance coverage for the affected vessels and may result in a denial of access to, or detention in, certain ports. As of the date of this annual report, each of our vessels is ISM code-certified.

 
7

 


Maritime claimants could arrest one or more of our vessels, which could interrupt our cash flow

Crew members, suppliers of goods and services to a vessel, shippers of cargo and other parties may be entitled to a maritime lien against a vessel for unsatisfied debts, claims or damages. In many jurisdictions, a claimant may seek to obtain security for its claim by arresting a vessel through foreclosure proceedings. The arrest or attachment of one or more of our vessels could interrupt our cash flow and require us to pay large sums of money to have the arrest or attachment lifted. In addition, in some jurisdictions, such as South Africa, under the “sister ship” theory of liability, a claimant may arrest both the vessel which is subject to the claimant's maritime lien and any “associated” vessel, which is any vessel owned or controlled by the same owner. Claimants could attempt to assert “sister ship” liability against one vessel in our fleet for claims relating to another of our vessels.

Governments could requisition our vessels during a period of war or emergency, resulting in a loss of earnings

A government could requisition one or more of our vessels for title or for hire. Requisition for title occurs when a government takes control of a vessel and becomes her owner, while requisition for hire occurs when a government takes control of a vessel and effectively becomes her charterer at dictated charter rates. Generally, requisitions occur during periods of war or emergency, although governments may elect to requisition vessels in other circumstances. Although we would be entitled to compensation in the event of a requisition of one or more of our vessels, the amount and timing of payment would be uncertain. Government requisition of one or more of our vessels may negatively impact our revenues and reduce the amount of cash we have available for distribution as dividends to our stockholders.

Company Specific Risk Factors

We charter some of our vessels on short-term time charters in a volatile shipping industry and a decline in charter hire rates would affect our results of operations and ability to pay dividends
 
We charter certain of our vessels pursuant to short-term time charters, although we have also entered into longer-term time charters ranging in duration from 18 months to 62 months for 15 of the vessels in our fleet, including one of the vessels under construction that we expect to take delivery of in the second quarter of 2010, and we may in the future employ additional vessels, including any container vessel that we may acquire, on longer term time charters. Currently, two of our vessels are employed on time charters scheduled to expire within the next six months, at which time we expect to enter into new charters for those vessels. Although significant exposure to short-term time charters is not unusual in the dry bulk shipping industry, the short-term time charter market is highly competitive and spot market charter hire rates (which affect time charter rates) may fluctuate significantly based upon available charters and the supply of, and demand for, seaborne shipping capacity. While the short-term time charter market may enable us to benefit in periods of increasing charter hire rates, we must consistently renew our charters and this dependence makes us vulnerable to declining charter rates. As a result of the volatility in the dry bulk carrier charter market, we may not be able to employ our vessels upon the termination of their existing charters at their current charter hire rates. The dry bulk carrier charter market is volatile, and in the past, short-term time charter and spot market charter rates for dry bulk carriers have declined below operating costs of vessels. We cannot assure you that future charter hire rates will enable us to operate our vessels profitably or to pay you dividends.

 
8

 


Our earnings and the amount of dividends that we are able to pay in the future may be adversely affected if we are not able to take advantage of favorable charter rates

We charter certain of our dry bulk carriers to customers pursuant to short-term time charters that range in duration from several days to 13 months. However, as part of our business strategy, 15 of our vessels are currently fixed on longer-term time charters ranging in duration from 18 months to 62 months, including one of our vessels under construction that we expect to take delivery of in the second quarter of 2010. We may extend the charter periods for additional vessels in our fleet, including additional dry bulk carriers or container vessels that we may purchase in the future, to take advantage of the relatively stable cash flow and high utilization rates that are associated with long-term time charters. While we believe that longer-term charters provide us with relatively stable cash flows and higher utilization rates than shorter-term charters, our vessels that are committed to longer-term charters may not be available for employment on short-term charters during periods of increasing short-term charter hire rates when these charters may be more profitable than long-term charters.

Investment in derivative instruments such as freight forward agreements could result in losses

From time to time, we may take positions in derivative instruments including freight forward agreements, or FFAs. FFAs and other derivative instruments may be used to hedge a vessel owner's exposure to the charter market by providing for the sale of a contracted charter rate along a specified route and period of time. Upon settlement, if the contracted charter rate is less than the average of the rates, as reported by an identified index, for the specified route and period, the seller of the FFA is required to pay the buyer an amount equal to the difference between the contracted rate and the settlement rate, multiplied by the number of days in the specified period. Conversely, if the contracted rate is greater than the settlement rate, the buyer is required to pay the seller the settlement sum. If we take positions in FFAs or other derivative instruments and do not correctly anticipate charter rate movements over the specified route and time period, we could suffer losses in the settling or termination of the FFA. This could adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows.

We cannot assure you that our board of directors will declare dividends

Our policy is to declare quarterly distributions to stockholders by each February, May, August and November substantially equal to our available cash from operations during the previous quarter after cash expenses and reserves for scheduled drydockings, intermediate and special surveys and other purposes as our board of directors may from time to time determine are required, and after taking into account contingent liabilities, the terms of our credit facilities, our growth strategy and other cash needs and the requirements of Marshall Islands law. The declaration and payment of dividends, if any, will always be subject to the discretion of our board of directors. The timing and amount of any dividends declared will depend on, among other things, our earnings, financial condition and cash requirements and availability, our ability to obtain debt and equity financing on acceptable terms as contemplated by our growth strategy and provisions of Marshall Islands law affecting the payment of dividends. The international dry bulk shipping industry is highly volatile, and we cannot predict with certainty the amount of cash, if any, that will be available for distribution as dividends in any period. Also, there may be a high degree of variability from period to period in the amount of cash that is available for the payment of dividends.
 
We may incur expenses or liabilities or be subject to other circumstances in the future that reduce or eliminate the amount of cash that we have available for distribution as dividends. Our growth strategy contemplates that we will finance the acquisition of additional vessels through a combination of debt and equity financing on terms acceptable to us. If financing is not available to us on acceptable terms, our board of directors may determine to finance or refinance acquisitions with cash from operations, which would reduce or even eliminate the amount of cash available for the payment of dividends.
 
Marshall Islands law generally prohibits the payment of dividends other than from surplus (retained earnings and the excess of consideration received for the sale of shares above the par value of the shares) or while a company is insolvent or would be rendered insolvent by the payment of such a dividend. We may not have sufficient surplus in the future to pay dividends. We can give no assurance that we will continue to pay dividends in the future.

 
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We may have difficulty effectively managing our planned growth, which may adversely affect our ability to pay dividends

Since the completion of our initial public offering in March 2005, we have taken delivery of five Panamax dry bulk carriers and six Capesize dry bulk carriers, sold one of our Capesize dry bulk carriers, and have agreed to purchase two additional Capesize dry bulk carriers, which are expected to be delivered in the second quarter of 2010.  The addition of these vessels to our fleet has resulted in a significant increase in the size of our fleet and imposes significant additional responsibilities on our management and staff. While we expect our fleet to grow further, this may require us to increase the number of our personnel. We will also have to increase our customer base to provide continued employment for the new vessels.

Our future growth will primarily depend on our ability to:

 
·
locate and acquire suitable vessels;

 
·
identify and consummate acquisitions or joint ventures;

 
·
enhance our customer base;

 
·
manage our expansion; and

 
·
obtain required financing on acceptable terms.

Growing any business by acquisition presents numerous risks, such as undisclosed liabilities and obligations, the possibility that indemnification agreements will be unenforceable or insufficient to cover potential losses and difficulties associated with imposing common standards, controls, procedures and policies, obtaining additional qualified personnel, managing relationships with customers and integrating newly acquired assets and operations into existing infrastructure. We cannot give any assurance that we will be successful in executing our growth plans or that we will not incur significant expenses and losses in connection with our future growth. If we are not able to successfully grow the size of our company or increase the size of our fleet, our ability to pay dividends may be adversely affected.

We cannot assure you that we will be able to borrow amounts under our credit facilities and restrictive covenants in our credit facilities may impose financial and other restrictions on us

We entered into a $230 million secured revolving credit facility with The Royal Bank of Scotland Plc in February 2005, amended in May 2006. In January 2007 we entered into a supplemental loan agreement for an additional credit facility with the Royal Bank of Scotland Plc. We have also entered into a loan agreement with Fortis Bank for a secured term loan of $60.2 million, which we intend to use to finance the pre-delivery installments of two newbuilding Capesize dry bulk carriers that we expect to take delivery of during the second quarter of 2010. As of December 31, 2007, we had $99.1 million outstanding under our facilities. In February and March 2008, we drew down an additional amount of $71.5 million and $27.0 million under our revolving credit facility with the Royal Bank of Scotland to fund part of the purchase price of the Norfolk, a 2002 built Capesize dry bulk carrier, which was delivered to us in February 2008.  We have used and intend to use our facilities in the future to finance future vessel acquisitions and our working capital requirements. Our ability to borrow amounts under the credit facilities is subject to the execution of customary documentation relating to the facilities, including security documents, satisfaction of certain customary conditions precedent and compliance with terms and conditions included in the loan documents. Prior to each drawdown, we are required, among other things, to provide the lender with acceptable valuations of the vessels in our fleet confirming that the vessels in our fleet have a minimum value and that the vessels in our fleet that secure our obligations under the facilities are sufficient to satisfy minimum security requirements. To the extent that we are not able to satisfy these requirements, including as a result of a decline in the value of our vessels, we may not be able to draw down the full amount under the credit facilities without obtaining a waiver or consent from the lender. We will also not be permitted to borrow amounts under the facilities if we experience a change of control.

 
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The credit facilities also impose operating and financial restrictions on us. These restrictions may limit our ability to, among other things:

 
·
pay dividends or make capital expenditures if we do not repay amounts drawn under our credit facilities, if there is a default under the credit facilities or if the payment of the dividend or capital expenditure would result in a default or breach of a loan covenant;

 
·
incur additional indebtedness, including through the issuance of guarantees;

 
·
change the flag, class or management of our vessels;

 
·
create liens on our assets;

 
·
sell our vessels;

 
·
enter into a time charter or consecutive voyage charters that have a term that exceeds, or which by virtue of any optional extensions may exceed, thirteen months;

 
·
merge or consolidate with, or transfer all or substantially all our assets to, another person; and

 
·
enter into a new line of business.

Therefore, we may need to seek permission from our lenders in order to engage in some corporate actions. Our lenders’ interests may be different from ours and we cannot guarantee that we will be able to obtain our lenders' permission when needed. This may limit our ability to pay dividends to you, finance our future operations, make acquisitions or pursue business opportunities.

We cannot assure you that we will be able to refinance indebtedness incurred under our credit facilities

We intend to finance our future vessel acquisitions with net proceeds of future equity offerings and with secured indebtedness drawn under our credit facilities. While our current policy is to refinance amounts in excess of $150.0 million drawn under our credit facilities with the net proceeds of future equity offerings, we cannot assure you that we will be able to do so on terms that are acceptable to us or at all. If we are not able to refinance these amounts with the net proceeds of equity offerings on terms acceptable to us or at all, we will have to dedicate a greater portion of our cash flow from operations to pay the principal and interest of this indebtedness than if we were able to refinance such amounts. If we are not able to satisfy these obligations, we may have to undertake alternative financing plans. The actual or perceived credit quality of our charterers, any defaults by them, and the market value of our fleet, among other things, may materially affect our ability to obtain alternative financing. In addition, debt service payments under our credit facilities or alternative financing may limit funds otherwise available for working capital, capital expenditures and other purposes. If we are unable to meet our debt obligations, or if we otherwise default under our credit facilities or an alternative financing arrangement, our lenders could declare the debt, together with accrued interest and fees, to be immediately due and payable and foreclose on our fleet, which could result in the acceleration of other indebtedness that we may have at such time and the commencement of similar foreclosure proceedings by other lenders.

If the delivery of any of the two vessels that have not yet been delivered to us is delayed or either of the vessels is delivered with significant defects, our earnings and financial condition could suffer

We have assumed shipbuilding contracts for two Capesize dry bulk carriers that we expect to be delivered to us during the second quarter of 2010. A delay in the delivery of either of these vessels, or other vessels that we may enter into agreements to acquire in the future, to us or the failure of the contract counterparty to deliver such vessels to us at all could adversely affect our earnings, our financial condition and the amount of dividends that we pay in the future.

 
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Purchasing and operating secondhand vessels may result in increased operating costs and reduced fleet utilization

While we have the right to inspect previously owned vessels prior to our purchase of them and we intend to inspect all secondhand vessels that we acquire in the future, such an inspection does not provide us with the same knowledge about their condition that we would have if these vessels had been built for and operated exclusively by us. A secondhand vessel may have conditions or defects that we were not aware of when we bought the vessel and which may require us to incur costly repairs to the vessel. These repairs may require us to put a vessel into drydock which would reduce our fleet utilization. Furthermore, we usually do not receive the benefit of warranties on secondhand vessels.

In the highly competitive international shipping industry, we may not be able to compete for charters with new entrants or established companies with greater resources

We employ our vessels in a highly competitive market that is capital intensive and highly fragmented. Competition arises primarily from other vessel owners, some of whom have substantially greater resources than we do. Competition for the transportation of dry bulk cargo by sea is intense and depends on price, location, size, age, condition and the acceptability of the vessel and its operators to the charterers. Due in part to the highly fragmented market, competitors with greater resources could enter the dry bulk shipping industry and operate larger fleets through consolidations or acquisitions and may be able to offer lower charter rates and higher quality vessels than we are able to offer.

We may be unable to attract and retain key management personnel and other employees in the shipping industry, which may negatively impact the effectiveness of our management and results of operations

Our success depends to a significant extent upon the abilities and efforts of our management team. We have entered into employment contracts with our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Simeon Palios, our President, Mr. Anastassis Margaronis, our Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Andreas Michalopoulos and our Executive Vice President, Mr. Ioannis Zafirakis. Our success will depend upon our ability to retain key members of our management team and to hire new members as may be necessary. The loss of any of these individuals could adversely affect our business prospects and financial condition. Difficulty in hiring and retaining replacement personnel could have a similar effect. We do not currently, nor do we intend to, maintain “key man” life insurance on any of our officers or other members of our management team.

Risks associated with operating ocean-going vessels could affect our business and reputation, which could adversely affect our revenues and stock price

The operation of ocean-going vessels carries inherent risks. These risks include the possibility of:

 
·
marine disaster;

 
·
environmental accidents;

 
·
cargo and property losses or damage;

 
·
business interruptions caused by mechanical failure, human error, war, terrorism, political action in various countries, labor strikes or adverse weather conditions; and

 
·
piracy.

Any of these circumstances or events could increase our costs or lower our revenues. The involvement of our vessels in an environmental disaster may harm our reputation as a safe and reliable vessel owner and operator.

 
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The shipping industry has inherent operational risks that may not be adequately covered by our insurance

We procure insurance for our fleet against risks commonly insured against by vessel owners and operators. Our current insurance includes hull and machinery insurance, war risks insurance and protection and indemnity insurance (which includes environmental damage and pollution insurance). We can give no assurance that we are adequately insured against all risks or that our insurers will pay a particular claim. Even if our insurance coverage is adequate to cover our losses, we may not be able to timely obtain a replacement vessel in the event of a loss. Furthermore, in the future, we may not be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage at reasonable rates for our fleet. We may also be subject to calls, or premiums, in amounts based not only on our own claim records but also the claim records of all other members of the protection and indemnity associations through which we receive indemnity insurance coverage for tort liability. Our insurance policies also contain deductibles, limitations and exclusions which, although we believe are standard in the shipping industry, may nevertheless increase our costs.

Our vessels may suffer damage and we may face unexpected drydocking costs, which could adversely affect our cash flow and financial condition

If our vessels suffer damage, they may need to be repaired at a drydocking facility. The costs of drydock repairs are unpredictable and can be substantial. The loss of earnings while a vessel is being repaired and repositioned, as well as the actual cost of these repairs not covered by our insurance, would decrease our earnings and reduce the amount of cash that we have available for dividends. We may not have insurance that is sufficient to cover all or any of the costs or losses for damages to our vessels and may have to pay drydocking costs not covered by our insurance.

The aging of our fleet may result in increased operating costs in the future, which could adversely affect our earnings

In general, the cost of maintaining a vessel in good operating condition increases with the age of the vessel. Currently, our fleet consists of thirteen Panamax dry bulk carriers and six Capesize dry bulk carriers having a combined carrying capacity of 2.0 million dwt and a weighted average age of 3.5 years. As our fleet ages, we will incur increased costs. Older vessels are typically less fuel efficient and more costly to maintain than more recently constructed vessels due to improvements in engine technology. Cargo insurance rates increase with the age of a vessel, making older vessels less desirable to charterers. Governmental regulations and safety or other equipment standards related to the age of vessels may also require expenditures for alterations or the addition of new equipment to our vessels and may restrict the type of activities in which our vessels may engage. We cannot assure you that, as our vessels age, market conditions will justify those expenditures or enable us to operate our vessels profitably during the remainder of their useful lives.

We are exposed to U.S. dollar and foreign currency fluctuations and devaluations that could harm our reported revenue and results of operations

We generate all of our revenues in U.S. dollars but currently incur over half of our operating expenses and the majority of our general and administrative expenses in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, primarily the euro. Because a significant portion of our expenses are incurred in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, our expenses may from time to time increase relative to our revenues as a result of fluctuations in exchange rates, particularly between the U.S. dollar and the euro, which could affect the amount of net income that we report in future periods. While we historically have not mitigated the risk associated with exchange rate fluctuations through the use of financial derivatives, we may employ such instruments from time to time in the future in order to minimize this risk. Our use of financial derivatives would involve certain risks, including the risk that losses on a hedged position could exceed the nominal amount invested in the instrument and the risk that the counterparty to the derivative transaction may be unable or unwilling to satisfy its contractual obligations, which could have an adverse effect on our results.

 
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We may have to pay tax on United States source income, which would reduce our earnings
 
Under the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or the Code, 50% of the gross shipping income of a vessel owning or chartering corporation, such as ourselves and our subsidiaries, that is attributable to transportation that begins or ends, but that does not both begin and end, in the United States is characterized as United States source shipping income and such income is subject to a 4% United States federal income tax without allowance for deductions, unless that corporation qualifies for exemption from tax under Section 883 of the Code and the Treasury Regulations.
 
We expect that we and each of our subsidiaries qualify for this statutory tax exemption for the 2007 taxable year and we will take this position for United States federal income tax return reporting purposes.  However, there are factual circumstances beyond our control that could cause us to lose the benefit of this tax exemption in future years and thereby become subject to United States federal income tax on our United States source income.  For example, at December 31, 2007, our 5% shareholders owned approximately 19.21% of our outstanding stock.  There is a risk that we could no longer qualify for exemption under Code section 883 for a particular taxable year if other shareholders with a five percent or greater interest in our stock were, in combination with our existing 5% shareholders, to own 50% or more of our outstanding shares of our stock on more than half the days during the taxable year.  Due to the factual nature of the issues involved, we can give no assurances on our tax-exempt status or that of any of our subsidiaries.
 
If we or our subsidiaries are not entitled to this exemption under Section 883 for any taxable year, we or our subsidiaries would be subject for those years to a 4% United States federal income tax on our U.S.-source shipping income. The imposition of this taxation could have a negative effect on our business and would result in decreased earnings available for distribution to our stockholders. For the 2007 taxable year, we estimate that our maximum United States federal income tax liability would be immaterial if we were to be subject to this taxation. Please see the section of this annual report entitled “Taxation” under item 10E for a more comprehensive discussion of the United States federal income tax consequences.
 
United States tax authorities could treat us as a “passive foreign investment company”, which could have adverse United States federal income tax consequences to United States holders
 
A foreign corporation will be treated as a “passive foreign investment company,” or PFIC, for United States federal income tax purposes if either (1) at least 75% of its gross income for any taxable year consists of certain types of “passive income” or (2) at least 50% of the average value of the corporation's assets produce or are held for the production of those types of “passive income.” For purposes of these tests, “passive income” includes dividends, interest, and gains from the sale or exchange of investment property and rents and royalties other than rents and royalties which are received from unrelated parties in connection with the active conduct of a trade or business. For purposes of these tests, income derived from the performance of services does not constitute “passive income.” United States stockholders of a PFIC are subject to a disadvantageous United States federal income tax regime with respect to the income derived by the PFIC, the distributions they receive from the PFIC and the gain, if any, they derive from the sale or other disposition of their shares in the PFIC.
 
 
Based on our current and proposed method of operation, we do not believe that we will be a PFIC with respect to any taxable year. In this regard, we intend to treat the gross income we derive or are deemed to derive from our time chartering activities as services income, rather than rental income. Accordingly, we believe that our income from our time chartering activities does not constitute “passive income,” and the assets that we own and operate in connection with the production of that income do not constitute passive assets.
 
 
There is, however, no direct legal authority under the PFIC rules addressing our proposed method of operation. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the United States Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, or a court of law will accept our position, and there is a risk that the IRS or a court of law could determine that we are a PFIC. Moreover, no assurance can be given that we would not constitute a PFIC for any future taxable year if there were to be changes in the nature and extent of our operations.
 

 
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If the IRS were to find that we are or have been a PFIC for any taxable year, our United States stockholders will face adverse United States tax consequences. Under the PFIC rules, unless those stockholders make an election available under the Code (which election could itself have adverse consequences for such stockholders, such stockholders would be liable to pay United States federal income tax at the then prevailing income tax rates on ordinary income plus interest upon excess distributions and upon any gain from the disposition of our common shares, as if the excess distribution or gain had been recognized ratably over the stockholder's holding period of our common shares.
 

We depend upon a few significant customers for a large part of our revenues and the loss of one or more of these customers could adversely affect our financial performance

We have historically derived a significant part of our revenues from a small number of charterers. During 2007, approximately 49% of our revenues derived from three charterers. During 2006, approximately 50% of our revenues derived from three charterers and in 2005, approximately 63% of our revenues derived from four charterers. If one or more of our charterers chooses not to charter our vessels or is unable to perform under one or more charters with us and we are not able to find a replacement charter, we could suffer a loss of revenues that could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash available for distribution as dividends to our stockholders.

We are a holding company, and we depend on the ability of our subsidiaries to distribute funds to us in order to satisfy our financial obligations and to make dividend payments

We are a holding company and our subsidiaries conduct all of our operations and own all of our operating assets. We have no significant assets other than the equity interests in our subsidiaries. As a result, our ability to make dividend payments depends on our subsidiaries and their ability to distribute funds to us. If we are unable to obtain funds from our subsidiaries, our board of directors may exercise its discretion not to declare or pay dividends. We do not intend to obtain funds from other sources to pay dividends.

As we expand our business, we may need to improve our operating and financial systems and will need to recruit suitable employees and crew for our vessels

Our current operating and financial systems may not be adequate as we expand the size of our fleet and our attempts to improve those systems may be ineffective. In addition, as we expand our fleet, we will need to recruit suitable additional seafarers and shoreside administrative and management personnel. While we have not experienced any difficulty in recruiting to date, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to continue to hire suitable employees as we expand our fleet. If we or our crewing agent encounter business or financial difficulties, we may not be able to adequately staff our vessels. If we are unable to grow our financial and operating systems or to recruit suitable employees as we expand our fleet, our financial performance may be adversely affected and, among other things, the amount of cash available for distribution as dividends to our stockholders may be reduced.

Risks Relating to Our Common Stock

There is no guarantee that there will continue to be an active and liquid public market for you to resell our common stock in the future
 
The price of our common stock may be volatile and may fluctuate due to factors such as:

 
·
actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly and annual results and those of other public companies in our industry;

 
·
mergers and strategic alliances in the dry bulk shipping industry;

 
·
market conditions in the dry bulk shipping industry;

 
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·
changes in government regulation;

 
·
shortfalls in our operating results from levels forecast by securities analysts;

 
·
announcements concerning us or our competitors; and

 
·
the general state of the securities market.

The dry bulk shipping industry has been highly unpredictable and volatile. The market for common stock in this industry may be equally volatile.

We are incorporated in the Marshall Islands, which does not have a well-developed body of corporate law

Our corporate affairs are governed by our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws and by the Marshall Islands Business Corporations Act, or the BCA. The provisions of the BCA resemble provisions of the corporation laws of a number of states in the United States. However, there have been few judicial cases in the Marshall Islands interpreting the BCA. The rights and fiduciary responsibilities of directors under the laws of the Marshall Islands are not as clearly established as the rights and fiduciary responsibilities of directors under statutes or judicial precedent in existence in the United States. The rights of stockholders of the Marshall Islands may differ from the rights of stockholders of companies incorporated in the United States. While the BCA provides that it is to be interpreted according to the laws of the State of Delaware and other states with substantially similar legislative provisions, there have been few, if any, court cases interpreting the BCA in the Marshall Islands and we cannot predict whether Marshall Islands courts would reach the same conclusions as United States courts. Thus, you may have more difficulty in protecting your interests in the face of actions by the management, directors or controlling stockholders than would stockholders of a corporation incorporated in a United States jurisdiction which has developed a relatively more substantial body of case law.

Certain existing stockholders will be able to exert considerable control over matters on which our stockholders are entitled to vote

As of the date of this report Mr. Simeon Palios, our President and Chief Executive Officer, beneficially owns 14,312,040 shares, or approximately 19.22% of our outstanding common stock, the vast majority of which is held indirectly through entities over which he exercises sole voting power. Please see Item 7.A. “Major Stockholders.” While Mr. Palios and the non-voting shareholders of these entities have no agreement, arrangement or understanding relating to the voting of their shares of our common stock they effectively control the outcome of matters on which our stockholders are entitled to vote, including the election of directors and other significant corporate actions. The interests of these stockholders may be different from your interests.

Future sales of our common stock could cause the market price of our common stock to decline

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market or the perception that these sales could occur, may depress the market price for our common stock. These sales could also impair our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of our equity securities in the future.
 
We intend to issue additional shares of our common stock in the future to refinance indebtedness in excess of $150.0 million incurred in connection with the acquisition of vessels and our stockholders may elect to sell large numbers of shares held by them from time to time. Our amended and restated articles of incorporation authorize us to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of common stock, of which as of December 31, 2007, 74,375,000 shares were outstanding. The number of shares of common stock available for sale in the public market is limited by restrictions applicable under securities laws and agreements that we and our executive officers, directors and principal stockholders have entered into.

 
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Prior to our initial public offering, we entered into a registration rights agreement with Corozal Compania Naviera S.A., Ironwood Trading Corp. and Zoe S. Company Ltd., certain of our stockholders, pursuant to which we have granted them, their affiliates (including Mr. Simeon Palios, Mr. Anastassis Margaronis and Mr. Ioannis Zafirakis) and certain of their transferees, the right, under certain circumstances and subject to certain restrictions, to require us to register under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, shares of our common stock held by them. Under the registration rights agreement, these persons have the right to request us to register the sale of shares held by them on their behalf and may require us to make available shelf registration statements permitting sales of shares into the market from time to time over an extended period. In addition, these persons have the ability to exercise certain piggyback registration rights in connection with registered offerings requested by stockholders or initiated by us. Registration of such shares under the Securities Act would, except for shares purchased by affiliates, result in such shares becoming freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act immediately upon the effectiveness of such registration. In addition, shares not registered pursuant to the registration rights agreement may, subject to any applicable lock-up agreement in effect at such time, be resold pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act, including the exemptions provided by Rule 144 and Regulation S under the Securities Act.
 
Anti-takeover provisions in our organizational documents could make it difficult for our stockholders to replace or remove our current board of directors or have the effect of discouraging, delaying or preventing a merger or acquisition, which could adversely affect the market price of our common stock
 
Several provisions of our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws could make it difficult for our stockholders to change the composition of our board of directors in any one year, preventing them from changing the composition of management. In addition, the same provisions may discourage, delay or prevent a merger or acquisition that stockholders may consider favorable.
 
These provisions include:

 
·
authorizing our board of directors to issue “blank check” preferred stock without stockholder approval;

 
·
providing for a classified board of directors with staggered, three year terms;

 
·
prohibiting cumulative voting in the election of directors;

 
·
authorizing the removal of directors only for cause and only upon the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of our common stock entitled to vote for the directors;

 
·
prohibiting stockholder action by written consent;

 
·
limiting the persons who may call special meetings of stockholders; and

 
·
establishing advance notice requirements for nominations for election to our board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted on by stockholders at stockholder meetings.

In addition, we have adopted a stockholder rights plan pursuant to which our board of directors may cause the substantial dilution of any person that attempts to acquire us without the approval of our board of directors.
 
These anti-takeover provisions, including provisions of our stockholder rights plan, could substantially impede the ability of public stockholders to benefit from a change in control and, as a result, may adversely affect the market price of our common stock and your ability to realize any potential change of control premium.

 
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Item 4.      Information on the Company
 
A.
History and development of the Company
 
Diana Shipping Inc. is a holding company incorporated under the laws of Liberia in March 1999 as Diana Shipping Investments Corp. In February 2005, the Company’s articles of incorporation were amended. Under the amended articles of incorporation, the Company was renamed Diana Shipping Inc. and was redomiciled from the Republic of Liberia to the Marshall Islands.  Our executive offices are located at Pendelis 16, 175 64 Palaio Faliro, Athens, Greece. Our telephone number at this address is +30-210-947-0100.
 
We are a global provider of shipping transportation services.  We specialize in transporting dry bulk cargoes, including such commodities as iron ore, coal, grain and other materials along worldwide shipping routes. Currently, our fleet consists of 19 dry bulk carriers, of which 13 are Panamax and six are Capesize dry bulk carriers, having a combined carrying capacity of approximately 2.0 million dwt and a weighted average age of 3.5 years. We also have assumed shipbuilding contracts for two additional Capesize dry bulk carriers, which are under construction by the China Shipbuilding Trading Company Ltd., and Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., and are expected to be delivered to us in the second quarter of 2010.
 
As of December 31, 2007, our fleet consisted of 13 modern Panamax dry bulk carriers and five Capesize dry bulk carriers that had a combined carrying capacity of approximately 1.8 million dwt and a weighted average age of 3.4 years. As of December 31, 2006, our fleet consisted of 13 modern Panamax dry bulk carriers and two Capesize dry bulk carriers that had a combined carrying capacity of approximately 1.1 million dwt and a weighted average age of 3.7 years.
 
In February 2007, we entered into a memorandum of agreement to acquire one newly built Capesize dry bulk carrier, the Semirio that was under construction at the Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Co. Ltd., in China, for the price of $98.0 million. We paid a 20% advance, amounting to $19.6 million, on signing of the agreement and the balance of the purchase price of $78.4 million was paid on the delivery of the vessel to us in June 2007. We financed $92.0 million of the purchase price with proceeds from our revolving credit facility with the Royal Bank of Scotland and the remaining with cash on hand.
 
In February 2007, we entered into a memorandum of agreement to sell the Pantelis SP for the price of $81.0 million less 2.5% commission. On signing of the agreement, the buyers of the vessels paid a 10% advance of the purchase price, amounting to $8.1 million, which was released to us together with the balance of the purchase price on delivery of the vessel to its new buyers in July 2007. We used the proceeds from the sale of the Pantelis SP to repay $90.0 million of the then outstanding debt with the Royal Bank of Scotland amounting to $109.0 million.
 
In March 2007, we entered into a memorandum of agreement to acquire one second hand Capesize dry bulk carrier, the Aliki, for the price of $110.0 million. We paid a 10% advance, amounting to $11.0 million, on signing of the agreement with cash on hand. The balance of the purchase price, amounting to $99.0 million, was paid on the delivery of the vessel to us in April 2007 and was partly funded with an $87.0 million loan drawn under our revolving credit facility with the Royal Bank of Scotland.
 
In April 2007, we completed a public offering of an aggregate of 9,825,500 shares of our common stock at a price of $17.00 per share, resulting in net proceeds to us of $159.3 million.  In the same offering certain of our shareholders sold an additional 2,250,000 shares of our common stock, for which we did not receive any proceeds.  As described below, we used a portion of the net proceeds of this offering to repay outstanding indebtedness and we used the balance to fund a portion of the acquisition costs of the vessels Semirio and Aliki.
 
In April 2007, we drew down an amount of $22.0 million under our revolving credit facility to fund part of the advances paid for the vessels’ Semirio and Aliki. During the same month, we repaid in full the then outstanding balance under our revolving credit facility with the Royal Bank of Scotland, amounting to $136.6 plus interest and costs, partly with the proceeds of our public offering that was completed in the same month.
 

 
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In April 2007, we entered into a memorandum of agreement to acquire one newly built Capesize dry bulk carrier, the Boston, for the purchase price of $110.0 million. On signing of the agreement, we paid a 20% advance, amounting to $22.0 million, with available cash on hand and in May 2007 we drew down an amount of $22.0 million under our revolving credit facility to finance the advance. We paid the balance of the purchase price of $88.0 million on the vessel’s delivery to us in November 2007, with the proceeds from our September 2007 public offering, discussed below.
 
In September 2007, we completed a public offering of an aggregate of 11,500,000 shares of common stock at a price of $25.00 per share, resulting in net proceeds to us of $273.7 million. We used a portion of the net proceeds of this offering to repay the $100.8 million outstanding under our revolving credit facility with the Royal Bank of Scotland, plus interest and costs. We also used a portion of the proceeds of this offering to fund a portion of the purchase price of the Boston.
 
On October 9, 2007, the Company entered into two Memoranda of Agreement to acquire two secondhand Capesize dry bulk carriers, the Salt Lake City and the Norfolk, for a total consideration of $140.0 million and $135.0 million, respectively. On signing of the agreements, we paid 20% of the respective purchase prices amounting to $28.0 million and $27.0 million, respectively. The balance of the purchase prices was paid on the delivery of the vessels to us in December 2007 and February 2008, respectively. In December 2007, we drew down an amount of $75.0 million under our revolving credit facility with the Royal Bank of Scotland to finance part of the purchase price of the Salt Lake City. In February and March 2008, we drew down an amount of $71.5 million and $27.0 million, respectively, under the same facility to finance part of the purchase price of the Norfolk.
 
 
B.
Business overview
 
During 2007, 2006 and 2005, we had a fleet utilization of 99.3%, 99.9% and 99.7%, respectively, our vessels achieved daily time charter equivalent rates of $31,272, $22,661 and $27,838, respectively, and we generated revenues of $190.5 million, $116.1 million and $103.1 million, respectively.
 

 
19

 
The following table presents certain information concerning the dry bulk carriers in our fleet, as of March 12, 2008.
 

Vessel
 
Operating Status
 
Dwt
 
Age (1)
 
Time Charter
Expiration Date (2)
 
Daily Time
Charter Hire Rate
 
Sister
Ships (3)
Nirefs
 
Delivered Jan 2001
 
75,311
 
6.9 years
 
Feb 3, 2010 – Apr 3, 2010
 
$60,500
 
A
Alcyon
 
Delivered Feb 2001
 
75,247
 
6.9 years
 
Nov 21, 2012 – Feb 21, 2013
 
$34,500
 
A
Triton
 
Delivered Mar 2001
 
75,336
 
6.8 years
 
Oct. 17, 2009 – Jan 17, 20104
 
$24,400
 
A
Oceanis
 
Delivered May 2001
 
75,211
 
6.6 years
 
Jul 29, 2009 – Oct 29, 2009
 
$40,000
 
A
Dione
 
Acquired May 2003
 
75,172
 
7.0 years
 
Jan 7, 2009 – Mar 7, 2009
 
$82,000
 
A
Danae
 
Acquired Jul 2003
 
75,106
 
7.0 years
 
Feb 18, 2009 – May 18, 2009
 
$29,400
 
A
Protefs
 
Delivered Aug 2004
 
73,630
 
3.3 years
 
Mar 22, 2008 – Mar 25, 2008
 
$31,650
 
B
Calipso
 
Delivered Feb 2005
 
73,691
 
2.9 years
 
Jan 14, 2009 – Mar 14, 2009
 
$55,000
 
B
Clio
 
Delivered May 2005
 
73,691
 
2.6 years
 
Jan 27, 2009 – Mar 27, 2009
 
$27,000
 
B
Thetis
 
Acquired Nov 2005
 
73,583
 
3.4 years
 
Sep 2, 2008 – Nov 2, 2008
 
$60,250
 
B
Erato
 
Acquired Nov 2005
 
74,444
 
3.3 years
 
Jan 1, 2009 – Mar 1, 2009
 
$80,300
 
C
Naias
 
Acquired Jun 2006
 
73,546
 
1.5 years
 
Aug 24, 2009 – Oct 24, 2009
 
$34,000
 
B
Coronis
 
Delivered Jan 2006
 
74,381
 
1.9 years
 
Jan 18, 2009 – Apr 9, 2009
 
$27,500
 
C
Sideris GS
 
Delivered Nov 2006
 
174,186
 
1.1 years
 
Nov 30, 2008
 
$43,000
 
D
               
Nov 30, 2009
 
$39,000
   
               
Oct 15, 2010 – Jan 15, 20115
 
$36,000
   
Aliki
 
Acquired Apr 2007
 
180,235
 
2.8 years
 
May 1, 2009
 
$52,000
 
-
               
Mar 1, 2011 – Jun 1, 20115
 
$45,000
   
Semirio
 
Delivered Jun 2007
 
174,261
 
0.6 years
 
Jun 15, 2009
 
$51,000
 
D
               
Apr 30, 2011 – Jul 30, 20115
 
$31,000
   
Boston
 
Delivered Nov 2007
 
177,828
 
0.1 years
 
Sep 28, 2011 – Dec 28, 20116
 
$52,000
 
D
Salt Lake City
 
Acquired Dec 2007
 
171,810
 
2.3 years
 
Aug 28, 2012 – Oct 28, 2012
 
$55,800
 
-
Norfolk
 
Acquired Feb 2008
 
164,218
 
-
 
Jan 12, 2013 – Mar 12, 2013
 
$74,750
 
-
Hull H11077, 8
 
Expected 2010
 
177,000
 
-
 
Feb, 28, 2015 – Jun 30, 20159
 
$48,000
 
D
Hull H11087, 8
 
Expected 2010
 
177,000
 
-
 
-
 
-
 
D
                         

 
(1)
As of December 31, 2007.
 
 
(2)
The date range provided represents the earliest and latest date on which the charterer may redeliver the vessel to us upon the termination of the charter.
 
 
(3)
Each dry bulk carrier is a sister ship of other dry bulk carriers that have the same letter.
 
 
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(4)
The charterer has the option to employ the vessel for an additional 11-13 month period at a daily rate based on the average rate of four pre-determined time charter routes as published by the Baltic Exchange. The optional period, if exercised must be declared on or before the end of the 30th month of employment and can only commence at the end of the 36th month.
 
 
(5)
The charterer has the option to employ the vessel for an additional 11-13 month period. The optional period, if exercised, must be declared on or before the end of the 42nd month of employment and can only commence at the end of the 48th month, at the daily time charter rate of $48,500.
 
 
(6)
The charterer has the option to employ the vessel for an additional 11-13 month period. The optional period, if exercised, must be declared on or before the end of the 42nd month of employment and can only commence at the end of the 48th month, at the daily time charter rate of $52,000.
 
 
(7)
Expected to be delivered in the second quarter of 2010.
 
 
(8)
The fixture relates to Hull 1107 or Hull 1108, depending on the date of their delivery to us. The gross rate will be either $50,000 per day for delivery between October 1, 2009 and January 31, 2010 or $48,000 for delivery between February 1, and April 30, 2010.
 
 
(9)
Based on the latest possible date of delivery to us from the yard.
 
 
Each of our vessels is owned through a separate wholly-owned subsidiary.
 
Our vessels operate worldwide within the trading limits imposed by our insurance terms and do not operate in areas where United States, European Union or United Nations sanctions have been imposed.
 
Management of Our Fleet
 
The commercial and technical management of our fleet is carried out by our wholly-owned subsidiary, Diana Shipping Services S.A., to which we refer as DSS, or our fleet manager. Prior to our acquisition of DSS effective April 1, 2006, DSS was majority owned and controlled by Mr. Simeon Palios, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. The stockholders of DSS also included Mr. Anastassis Margaronis, our President and a member of our board of directors, and Mr. Ioannis Zafirakis, our Executive Vice President and a member of our board of directors.
 
In exchange for providing us with commercial and technical services, personnel and office space, we pay our fleet manager a commission that is equal to 2% of our revenues and a fixed management fee of $15,000 per month for each vessel in our operating fleet.
 
The following table presents a detail of commissions and management fees incurred during the periods indicated.
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
   
2007
 
2006
 
2005
   
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)
Commissions                                                                             
 $
3,918
 $
2,384
 $
2,061
Management fees                                                                             
 
2,859
 
2,414
 
1,731
             
Total                                                                             
 $
6,777
 $
4,798
 $
3,792
             
 
Effective April 1, 2006 these amounts are considered inter-company transactions and therefore eliminated from our consolidated financial statements. The total amount shown for 2005 and $497 of the total amount shown for 2006 were included in voyage expenses. The remaining amount of $1,887 for 2006 and the total amount for 2007 have been eliminated as inter-company transactions.
 

 
21

 

 
Our Customers
 
We generally charter our vessels to major trading houses (including commodities traders), major producers and government-owned entities rather than to more speculative or undercapitalized entities. Our customers include national, regional and international companies, such as China National Chartering Corp., Cargill International S.A., Australian Wheat Board (AWB), BHP Billiton and Bocimar N.V. Antwerp. During 2007, three of our charterers accounted for 49% of our revenues; Australian Wheat Board (11%), BHP Billiton (15%) and Cargill (23%).  During 2006, three or our customers accounted for 50% of our revenues; Cargill (20%), Bocimar (15%) and China National (15%). During 2005, four of our customers accounted for 63% of our revenues; Cargill (26%), China National (14%), Navios International Inc. (12%) and Norden A/S (11%).
 
We charter our dry bulk carriers to customers primarily pursuant to time charters. Under our time charters, the charterer typically pays us a fixed daily charter hire rate and bears all voyage expenses, including the cost of bunkers (fuel oil) and canal and port charges. We remain responsible for paying the chartered vessel's operating expenses, including the cost of crewing, insuring, repairing and maintaining the vessel. We also pay commissions ranging from 0% to 6.25% of the total daily charter hire rate of each charter to unaffiliated ship brokers and to in-house brokers associated with the charterer, depending on the number of brokers involved with arranging the charter.
 
We strategically monitor developments in the dry bulk shipping industry on a regular basis and, subject to market demand, seek to adjust the charter hire periods for our vessels according to prevailing market conditions. In order to take advantage of the relatively stable cash flow and high utilization rates associated with long-term time charters along with the historically high charter hire rates for Panamax and Capesize vessels, currently 15 of our vessels, including one of the vessels under construction that we expect to take delivery of in the second quarter of 2010, are fixed on longer-term time charters ranging in duration from 18 months to 62 months. Those of our vessels on short-term time charters provide us with flexibility in responding to market developments. We will continue to evaluate our balance of short- and long-term charters relative to developments in the dry bulk shipping industry and may extend the charter hire periods of additional vessels in our fleet to take advantage of these historically high charter hire rates.
 
The Dry Bulk Shipping Industry
 
The global dry bulk carrier fleet may be divided into four categories based on a vessel's carrying capacity. These categories consist of:
 
 
 
·
Capesize vessels which have carrying capacities of more than 85,000 dwt. These vessels generally operate along long haul iron ore and coal trade routes. There are relatively few ports around the world with the infrastructure to accommodate vessels of this size.
 
 
·
Panamax vessels have a carrying capacity of between 60,000 and 85,000 dwt. These vessels carry coal, grains, and, to a lesser extent, minor bulks, including steel products, forest products and fertilizers. Panamax vessels are able to pass through the Panama Canal making them more versatile than larger vessels.
 
 
·
Handymax vessels have a carrying capacity of between 35,000 and 60,000 dwt. These vessels operate along a large number of geographically dispersed global trade routes mainly carrying grains and minor bulks. Vessels below 60,000 dwt are sometimes built with on-board cranes enabling them to load and discharge cargo in countries and ports with limited infrastructure.
 
 
·
Handysize vessels have a carrying capacity of up to 35,000 dwt. These vessels carry exclusively minor bulk cargo. Increasingly, these vessels have operated along regional trading routes. Handysize vessels are well suited for small ports with length and draft restrictions that may lack the infrastructure for cargo loading and unloading.

 
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The supply of dry bulk carriers is dependent on the delivery of new vessels and the removal of vessels from the global fleet, either through scrapping or loss. Currently, newbuilding statistics from shipping analysts show that approximately 225 million tons dwt of dry bulk vessels over 10,000 tons dwt are on order, representing approximately 57% of the existing fleet.  The level of scrapping activity is generally a function of scrapping prices in relation to current and prospective charter market conditions, as well as operating, repair and survey costs.  The average age at which a vessel is scrapped over the last five years has been 26 years.  However, due to recent strength in the dry bulk shipping industry, the average age at which the vessels are scrapped has increased.
 
The demand for dry bulk carrier capacity is determined by the underlying demand for commodities transported in dry bulk carriers, which in turn is influenced by trends in the global economy. Seaborne dry bulk trade increased by slightly more than 2% annually during the 1980s and 1990s. However, this rate of growth has increased dramatically in recent years. Between 2001 and 2007, trade in all dry bulk commodities increased from approximately 2.1 billion tons to 3.0 billion tons, equivalent to a compound average growth rate of 5.2%. Demand for dry bulk carrier capacity is also affected by the operating efficiency of the global fleet, with port congestion, which has been a feature of the market since 2004, absorbing tonnage and therefore leading to a tighter balance between supply and demand. In evaluating demand factors for dry bulk carrier capacity, it is important to bear in mind that dry bulk carriers can be the most versatile element of the global shipping fleets in terms of employment alternatives. Dry bulk carriers seldom operate on round trip voyages. Rather, the norm is triangular or multi-leg voyages. Hence, trade distances assume greater importance in the demand equation.
 
Competition
 
Our business fluctuates in line with the main patterns of trade of the major dry bulk cargoes and varies according to changes in the supply and demand for these items. We operate in markets that are highly competitive and based primarily on supply and demand. We compete for charters on the basis of price, vessel location, size, age and condition of the vessel, as well as on our reputation as an owner and operator. We compete with other owners of dry bulk carriers in the Panamax and smaller class sectors and with owners of Capesize dry bulk carriers. Ownership of dry bulk carriers is highly fragmented.
 
We believe that we possess a number of strengths that provide us with a competitive advantage in the dry bulk shipping industry:
 
 
 
·
We own a modern, high quality fleet of dry bulk carriers.  We believe that owning a modern, high quality fleet reduces operating costs, improves safety and provides us with a competitive advantage in securing favorable time charters. We maintain the quality of our vessels by carrying out regular inspections, both while in port and at sea, and adopting a comprehensive maintenance program for each vessel.
 
 
 
·
Our fleet includes four groups of sister ships.  We believe that maintaining a fleet that includes sister ships enhances the revenue generating potential of our fleet by providing us with operational and scheduling flexibility. The uniform nature of sister ships also improves our operating efficiency by allowing our fleet manager to apply the technical knowledge of one vessel to all vessels of the same series and creates economies of scale that enable us to realize cost savings when maintaining, supplying and crewing our vessels.
 
 
 
·
We have an experienced management team.  Our management team consists of experienced executives who have on average more than 22 years of operating experience in the shipping industry and have demonstrated ability in managing the commercial, technical and financial areas of our business. Our management team is led by Mr. Simeon Palios, a qualified naval architect and engineer who has 40 years of experience in the shipping industry.
 

 
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·
Internal management of vessel operations.  We conduct all of the commercial and technical management of our vessels in-house through DSS. We believe having in-house commercial and technical management provides us with a competitive advantage over many of our competitors by allowing us to more closely monitor our operations and to offer higher quality performance, reliability and efficiency in arranging charters and the maintenance of our vessels.
 
 
 
·
We benefit from strong relationships with members of the shipping and financial industries.  We have developed strong relationships with major international charterers, shipbuilders and financial institutions that we believe are the result of the quality of our operations, the strength of our management team and our reputation for dependability.
 
 
 
·
We have a strong balance sheet and a relatively low level of indebtedness.  We believe that our strong balance sheet and relatively low level of indebtedness provide us with the flexibility to increase the amount of funds that we may draw under our credit facilities in connection with future acquisitions and enable us to use cash flow that would otherwise be dedicated to debt service for other purposes, including funding operations and making dividend payments.
 
Charter Hire Rates
 
Charter hire rates fluctuate by varying degrees among dry bulk carrier size categories. The volume and pattern of trade in a small number of commodities (major bulks) affect demand for larger vessels. Therefore, charter rates and vessel values of larger vessels often show greater volatility. Conversely, trade in a greater number of commodities (minor bulks) drives demand for smaller dry bulk carriers. Accordingly, charter rates and vessel values for those vessels are subject to less volatility.
 
Charter hire rates paid for dry bulk carriers are primarily a function of the underlying balance between vessel supply and demand, although at times other factors may play a role. Furthermore, the pattern seen in charter rates is broadly mirrored across the different charter types and the different dry bulk carrier categories. However, because demand for larger dry bulk vessels is affected by the volume and pattern of trade in a relatively small number of commodities, charter hire rates (and vessel values) of larger ships tend to be more volatile than those for smaller vessels.
 
In the time charter market, rates vary depending on the length of the charter period and vessel specific factors such as age, speed and fuel consumption.
 
In the voyage charter market, rates are influenced by cargo size, commodity, port dues and canal transit fees, as well as delivery and redelivery regions. In general, a larger cargo size is quoted at a lower rate per ton than a smaller cargo size. Routes with costly ports or canals generally command higher rates than routes with low port dues and no canals to transit. Voyages with a load port within a region that includes ports where vessels usually discharge cargo or a discharge port within a region with ports where vessels load cargo also are generally quoted at lower rates, because such voyages generally increase vessel utilization by reducing the unloaded portion (or ballast leg) that is included in the calculation of the return charter to a loading area.
 
Within the dry bulk shipping industry, the charter hire rate references most likely to be monitored are the freight rate indices issued by the Baltic Exchange. These references are based on actual charter hire rates under charter entered into by market participants as well as daily assessments provided to the Baltic Exchange by a panel of major shipbrokers. The Baltic Panamax Index is the index with the longest history. The Baltic Capesize Index and Baltic Handymax Index are of more recent origin.
 
Vessel Prices
 
Vessel prices, both for newbuildings and secondhand vessels, have increased significantly as a result of the strength of the dry bulk shipping industry.  Because sectors of the shipping industry (dry bulk carrier, tanker and container ships) are in a period of prosperity, newbuilding prices for all vessel types have increased significantly due to a reduction in the number of berths available for the construction of new vessels in shipyards.
 

 
24

 

 
In the secondhand market, the steep increase in newbuilding prices and the strength of the charter market have also affected vessel prices.  With vessel earnings at relatively high levels and a limited availability of newbuilding berths, the ability to deliver a vessel early has resulted in a premium to the purchase price.  Consequently, secondhand prices of five year old Panamax and Capesize dry bulk carriers have reached higher levels than those of comparably sized newbuildings.
 
Permits and Authorizations
 
We are required by various governmental and quasi-governmental agencies to obtain certain permits, licenses and certificates with respect to our vessels. The kinds of permits, licenses and certificates required depend upon several factors, including the commodity transported, the waters in which the vessel operates, the nationality of the vessel's crew and the age of a vessel. We have been able to obtain all permits, licenses and certificates currently required to permit our vessels to operate. Additional laws and regulations, environmental or otherwise, may be adopted which could limit our ability to do business or increase the cost of us doing business.
 
Environmental and Other Regulations
 
Government regulation significantly affects the ownership and operation of our vessels. We are subject to international conventions, national, state and local laws and regulations in force in the countries in which our vessels may operate or are registered.
 
A variety of government and private entities subject our vessels to both scheduled and unscheduled inspections. These entities include the local port authorities (United States Coast Guard, harbor master or equivalent), classification societies; flag state administrations (country of registry) and charterers, particularly terminal operators. Certain of these entities require us to obtain permits, licenses and certificates for the operation of our vessels. Failure to maintain necessary permits or approvals could require us to incur substantial costs or temporarily suspend the operation of one or more of our vessels.
 
We believe that the heightened level of environmental and quality concerns among insurance underwriters, regulators and charterers is leading to greater inspection and safety requirements on all vessels and may accelerate the scrapping of older vessels throughout the dry bulk shipping industry. Increasing environmental concerns have created a demand for vessels that conform to the stricter environmental standards. We are required to maintain operating standards for all of our vessels that emphasize operational safety, quality maintenance, continuous training of our officers and crews and compliance with United States and international regulations. We believe that the operation of our vessels is in substantial compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations applicable to us as of the date of this annual report.
 
International Maritime Organization
 
The United Nation's International Maritime Organization, or IMO, has negotiated international conventions that impose liability for oil pollution in international waters and a signatory's territorial waters. In September 1997, the IMO adopted Annex VI to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships to address air pollution from ships. Annex VI was ratified in May 2004, and became effective in May 2005. Annex VI set limits on sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide emissions from ship exhausts and prohibits deliberate emissions of ozone depleting substances, such as chlorofluorocarbons. Annex VI also includes a global cap on the sulfur content of fuel oil and allows for special areas to be established with more stringent controls on sulfur emissions. Our fleet has conformed to the Annex VI regulations.
 

 
25

 

 
The operation of our vessels is also affected by the requirements set forth in the IMO's Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and Pollution Prevention, or ISM Code. The ISM Code requires ship owners and bareboat charterers to develop and maintain an extensive “Safety Management System” that includes the adoption of a safety and environmental protection policy setting forth instructions and procedures for safe operation and describing procedures for dealing with emergencies. The failure of a ship owner or bareboat charterer to comply with the ISM Code may subject such party to increased liability, may decrease available insurance coverage for the affected vessels and may result in a denial of access to, or detention in, certain ports. As of December 31, 2006, each of our vessels was ISM code-certified.
 
The United States Oil Pollution Act of 1990
 
The United States Oil Pollution Act of 1990, or OPA, established an extensive regulatory and liability regime for the protection and cleanup of the environment from oil spills. OPA affects all owners and operators whose vessels trade in the United States, its territories and possessions or whose vessels operate in United States waters, which includes the United States' territorial sea and its two hundred nautical mile exclusive economic zone.
 
Under OPA, vessel owners, operators and bareboat charterers are “responsible parties” and are jointly, severally and strictly liable (unless the spill results solely from the act or omission of a third party, an act of God or an act of war) for all containment and clean-up costs and other damages arising from discharges or threatened discharges of oil from their vessels. OPA defines these other damages broadly to include:

 
o
natural resources damage and the costs of assessment thereof;

 
o
real and personal property damage;

 
o
net loss of taxes, royalties, rents, fees and other lost revenues;

 
o
lost profits or impairment of earning capacity due to property or natural resources damage; and

 
o
net cost of public services necessitated by a spill response, such as protection from fire, safety or health hazards, and loss of subsistence use of natural resources.

Under amendments to OPA that became effective on July 11, 2006, the liability of responsible parties is limited to the greater of $950 per gross ton or $0.8 million per non-tank vessel that is over 300 gross tons (subject to possible adjustment for inflation). These limits of liability do not apply if an incident was directly caused by violation of applicable United States federal safety, construction or operating regulations or by a responsible party's gross negligence or willful misconduct, or if the responsible party fails or refuses to report the incident or to cooperate and assist in connection with oil removal activities.
 
We currently maintain pollution liability coverage insurance in the amount of $1 billion per incident for each of our vessels. If the damages from a catastrophic spill were to exceed our insurance coverage it could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operation.


 
26

 

OPA requires owners and operators of vessels to establish and maintain with the United States Coast Guard evidence of financial responsibility sufficient to meet their potential liabilities under the OPA. Current United States Coast Guard regulations require evidence of financial responsibility in the amount of $900 per gross ton for non-tank vessels, which includes the OPA limitation on liability of $600 per gross ton and the United States Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, or CERCLA, liability limit of $300 per gross ton. We expect the United States Coast Guard to increase the amounts of financial responsibility to reflect the July 2006 increases in liability. Under the regulations, vessel owners and operators may evidence their financial responsibility by showing proof of insurance, surety bond, self-insurance or guaranty. Under OPA, an owner or operator of a fleet of vessels is required only to demonstrate evidence of financial responsibility in an amount sufficient to cover the vessels in the fleet having the greatest maximum liability under OPA.
 
The United States Coast Guard's regulations concerning certificates of financial responsibility provide, in accordance with OPA, that claimants may bring suit directly against an insurer or guarantor that furnishes certificates of financial responsibility. In the event that such insurer or guarantor is sued directly, it is prohibited from asserting any contractual defense that it may have had against the responsible party and is limited to asserting those defenses available to the responsible party and the defense that the incident was caused by the willful misconduct of the responsible party. Certain organizations, which had typically provided certificates of financial responsibility under pre-OPA laws, including the major protection and indemnity organizations, have declined to furnish evidence of insurance for vessel owners and operators if they are subject to direct actions or are required to waive insurance policy defenses.
 
The United States Coast Guard's financial responsibility regulations may also be satisfied by evidence of surety bond, guaranty or by self-insurance. Under the self-insurance provisions, the ship owner or operator must have a net worth and working capital, measured in assets located in the United States against liabilities located anywhere in the world, that exceeds the applicable amount of financial responsibility. We have complied with the United States Coast Guard regulations by providing a certificate of responsibility from third party entities that are acceptable to the United States Coast Guard evidencing sufficient self-insurance.
 
OPA specifically permits individual states to impose their own liability regimes with regard to oil pollution incidents occurring within their boundaries, and some states have enacted legislation providing for unlimited liability for oil spills. In some cases, states, which have enacted such legislation, have not yet issued implementing regulations defining vessels owners' responsibilities under these laws. We intend to comply with all applicable state regulations in the ports where our vessels call.
 
Other Environmental Initiatives
 
Although the United States is not a party thereto, many countries have ratified and currently follow the liability plan adopted by the IMO and set out in the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage of 1969, or the 1969 Convention. Under this convention, and depending on whether the country in which the damage results is a party to the 1992 Protocol to the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, a vessel’s registered owner is strictly liable for pollution damage caused in the territorial waters of a contracting state by discharge of persistent oil, subject to certain complete defenses.  Under an amendment that became effective in November 2003 for vessels of 5,000 to 140,000 gross tons (a unit of measurement for the total enclosed spaces within a vessel), liability is limited to approximately $6.5 million plus approximately $913 for each additional gross ton over 5,000.  For vessels of over 140,000 gross tons, liability is limited to approximately $129.9 million. As the 1969 Convention calculates liability in terms of basket currencies, these figures are based on currency exchange rates on March 20, 2006. Under the 1969 Convention, the right to limit liability is forfeited where the spill is caused by the owner’s actual fault; under the 1992 Protocol, a shipowner cannot limit liability where the spill is caused by the owner’s intentional or reckless conduct.  Vessels trading in jurisdictions that are parties to these conventions must provide evidence of insurance covering the liability of the owner.  In jurisdictions where the 1969 Convention has not been adopted, including the United States, various legislative schemes or common law govern, and liability is imposed either on the basis of fault or in a manner similar to that convention.  We believe that our protection and indemnity insurance will cover the liability under the plan adopted by the IMO.
 

 
27

 

 
Vessel Security Regulations
 
Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, there have been a variety of initiatives intended to enhance vessel security. On November 25, 2002, the Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002, or the MTSA, came into effect. To implement certain portions of the MTSA, in July 2003, the United States Coast Guard issued regulations requiring the implementation of certain security requirements aboard vessels operating in waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. Similarly, in December 2002, amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, or SOLAS, created a new chapter of the convention dealing specifically with maritime security. The new chapter came into effect in July 2004 and imposes various detailed security obligations on vessels and port authorities, most of which are contained in the newly created International Ship and Port Facilities Security Code or ISPS Code. Among the various requirements are:
 
 
 
·
on-board installation of automatic information systems, or AIS, to enhance vessel-to-vessel and vessel-to-shore communications;
 
 
·
on-board installation of ship security alert systems;
 
 
·
the development of vessel security plans; and
 
 
·
compliance with flag state security certification requirements.
 
The United States Coast Guard regulations, intended to align with international maritime security standards, exempt non-United States vessels from MTSA vessel security measures provided such vessels have on board a valid International Ship Security Certificate, or ISSC, that attests to the vessel's compliance with SOLAS security requirements and the ISPS Code. We have implemented the various security measures addressed by the MTSA, SOLAS and the ISPS Code.
 
Inspection by Classification Societies
 
Every seagoing vessel must be “classed” by a classification society. The classification society certifies that the vessel is “in class,” signifying that the vessel has been built and maintained in accordance with the rules of the classification society and complies with applicable rules and regulations of the vessel's country of registry and the international conventions of which that country is a member. In addition, where surveys are required by international conventions and corresponding laws and ordinances of a flag state, the classification society will undertake them on application or by official order, acting on behalf of the authorities concerned.
 
The classification society also undertakes on request other surveys and checks that are required by regulations and requirements of the flag state. These surveys are subject to agreements made in each individual case or to the regulations of the country concerned.
 
For maintenance of the class, regular and extraordinary surveys of hull, machinery, including the electrical plant, and any special equipment classed are required to be performed as follows:
 
Annual Surveys. For seagoing ships, annual surveys are conducted for the hull and the machinery, including the electrical plant and where applicable for special equipment classed, at intervals of 12 months from the date of commencement of the class period indicated in the certificate.
 
Intermediate Surveys. Extended annual surveys are referred to as intermediate surveys and typically are conducted two and one-half years after commissioning and each class renewal. Intermediate surveys may be carried out on the occasion of the second or third annual survey.
 

 
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Class Renewal Surveys. Class renewal surveys, also known as special surveys, are carried out for the ship's hull, machinery, including the electrical plant and for any special equipment classed, at the intervals indicated by the character of classification for the hull. At the special survey the vessel is thoroughly examined, including audio-gauging to determine the thickness of the steel structures. Should the thickness be found to be less than class requirements, the classification society would prescribe steel renewals. The classification society may grant a one year grace period for completion of the special survey. Substantial amounts of money may have to be spent for steel renewals to pass a special survey if the vessel experiences excessive wear and tear. In lieu of the special survey every four or five years, depending on whether a grace period was granted, a ship owner has the option of arranging with the classification society for the vessel's hull or machinery to be on a continuous survey cycle, in which every part of the vessel would be surveyed within a five year cycle. At an owner's application, the surveys required for class renewal may be split according to an agreed schedule to extend over the entire period of class. This process is referred to as continuous class renewal.
 
All areas subject to survey as defined by the classification society are required to be surveyed at least once per class period, unless shorter intervals between surveys are prescribed elsewhere. The period between two subsequent surveys of each area must not exceed five years.
 
Most vessels are also drydocked every 30 to 36 months for inspection of the underwater parts and for repairs related to inspections. If any defects are found, the classification surveyor will issue a “recommendation” which must be rectified by the ship owner within prescribed time limits.
 
Most insurance underwriters make it a condition for insurance coverage that a vessel be certified as “in class” by a classification society which is a member of the International Association of Classification Societies. All our vessels are certified as being “in class” by Lloyd's Register of Shipping. All new and secondhand vessels that we purchase must be certified prior to their delivery under our standard purchase contracts and memorandum of agreement. If the vessel is not certified on the date of closing, we have no obligation to take delivery of the vessel.
 
Risk of Loss and Liability Insurance
 
General
 
The operation of any dry bulk vessel includes risks such as mechanical failure, collision, property loss, cargo loss or damage and business interruption due to political circumstances in foreign countries, hostilities and labor strikes. In addition, there is always an inherent possibility of marine disaster, including oil spills and other environmental mishaps, and the liabilities arising from owning and operating vessels in international trade. OPA, which imposes virtually unlimited liability upon owners, operators and demise charterers of vessels trading in the United States exclusive economic zone for certain oil pollution accidents in the United States, has made liability insurance more expensive for ship owners and operators trading in the United States market.
 
While we maintain hull and machinery insurance, war risks insurance, protection and indemnity cover, increased value insurance and freight, demurrage and defense cover for our operating fleet in amounts that we believe to be prudent to cover normal risks in our operations, we may not be able to achieve or maintain this level of coverage throughout a vessel's useful life. Furthermore, while we believe that our present insurance coverage is adequate, not all risks can be insured, and there can be no guarantee that any specific claim will be paid, or that we will always be able to obtain adequate insurance coverage at reasonable rates.
 
Hull & Machinery and War Risks Insurance
 
We maintain marine hull and machinery and war risks insurance, which cover the risk of actual or constructive total loss, for all of our vessels. Our vessels are each covered up to at least fair market value with deductibles of $100,000 per vessel per incident. We also maintain increased value coverage for each of our vessels. Under this increased value coverage, in the event of total loss of a vessel, we are entitled to recover amounts not recoverable under our hull and machinery policy due to under-insurance.
 

 
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Protection and Indemnity Insurance
 
Protection and indemnity insurance is provided by mutual protection and indemnity associations, or P&I Associations, which insure our third party liabilities in connection with our shipping activities. This includes third-party liability and other related expenses resulting from the injury or death of crew, passengers and other third parties, the loss or damage to cargo, claims arising from collisions with other vessels, damage to other third-party property, pollution arising from oil or other substances and salvage, towing and other related costs, including wreck removal. Protection and indemnity insurance is a form of mutual indemnity insurance, extended by protection and indemnity mutual associations, or “clubs.” Subject to the “capping” discussed below, our coverage, except for pollution, is unlimited.
 
Our current protection and indemnity insurance coverage for pollution is $1 billion per vessel per incident. The fourteen P&I Associations that comprise the International Group insure approximately 90% of the world's commercial tonnage and have entered into a pooling agreement to reinsure each association's liabilities. As a member of a P&I Association, which is a member of the International Group, we are subject to calls payable to the associations based on the group's claim records as well as the claim records of all other members of the individual associations and members of the pool of P&I Associations comprising the International Group.
 
C.
Organizational structure
 
Diana Shipping Inc. is the sole owner of all of the issued and outstanding shares of the subsidiaries listed in Note 1 of our consolidated financial statements under Item 18 and in exhibit 8.1.
 
D.
Property, plants and equipment
 
We do not own any real property. We lease property through our management company under finance and operating leases. Our interests in the vessels in our fleet are our only material properties.
 
Item 4A.  Unresolved Staff Comments
 
None.
 
Item 5.    Operating and Financial Review and Prospects
 
The following management's discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our historical consolidated financial statements and their notes included elsewhere in this report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our current views with respect to future events and financial performance. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, such as those set forth in the section entitled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this report.
 
A.  Operating results
 
We charter our dry bulk carriers to customers primarily pursuant to short-term and long-term time charters. Currently, 14 of our vessels are currently employed on longer-term time charters ranging in duration from 18 to 62 months. Under our time charters, the charterer typically pays us a fixed daily charter hire rate and bears all voyage expenses, including the cost of bunkers (fuel oil) and port and canal charges. We remain responsible for paying the chartered vessel's operating expenses, including the cost of crewing, insuring, repairing and maintaining the vessel, the costs of spares and consumable stores, tonnage taxes and other miscellaneous expenses, and we also pay commissions to one or more unaffiliated ship brokers and to in-house brokers associated with the charterer for the arrangement of the relevant charter.
 

 
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Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations
 
We believe that the important measures for analyzing trends in our results of operations consist of the following:
 
 
·
Ownership days. We define ownership days as the aggregate number of days in a period during which each vessel in our fleet has been owned by us. Ownership days are an indicator of the size of our fleet over a period and affect both the amount of revenues and the amount of expenses that we record during a period.
 
 
Available days. We define available days as the number of our ownership days less the aggregate number of days that our vessels are off-hire due to scheduled repairs or repairs under guarantee, vessel upgrades or special surveys and the aggregate amount of time that we spend positioning our vessels. The shipping industry uses available days to measure the number of days in a period during which vessels should be capable of generating revenues.
 
 
·
Operating days. We define operating days as the number of our available days in a period less the aggregate number of days that our vessels are off-hire due to any reason, including unforeseen circumstances. The shipping industry uses operating days to measure the aggregate number of days in a period during which vessels actually generate revenues.
 
 
·
Fleet utilization. We calculate fleet utilization by dividing the number of our operating days during a period by the number of our available days during the period. The shipping industry uses fleet utilization to measure a company's efficiency in finding suitable employment for its vessels and minimizing the amount of days that its vessels are off-hire for reasons other than scheduled repairs or repairs under guarantee, vessel upgrades, special surveys or vessel positioning.
 
 
·
TCE rates. We define TCE rates as our voyage and time charter revenues less voyage expenses during a period divided by the number of our available days during the period, which is consistent with industry standards. TCE rate is a standard shipping industry performance measure used primarily to compare daily earnings generated by vessels on time charters with daily earnings generated by vessels on voyage charters, because charter hire rates for vessels on voyage charters are generally not expressed in per day amounts while charter hire rates for vessels on time charters generally are expressed in such amounts.
 
The following table reflects our ownership days, available days, operating days, fleet utilization and TCE rates for the periods indicated.
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
 
Ownership days                                                                   
    5,813       4,897       3,510  
Available days                                                                   
    5,813       4,856       3,471  
Operating days                                                                   
    5,771       4,849       3,460  
Fleet utilization                                                                   
    99.3 %     99.9 %     99.7 %
Time charter equivalent (TCE) rate                                                                   
  $ 31,272     $ 22,661     $ 27,838  
                         


 
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Voyage and Time Charter Revenue
 
Our revenues are driven primarily by the number of vessels in our fleet, the number of days during which our vessels operate and the amount of daily charter hire rates that our vessels earn under charters, which, in turn, are affected by a number of factors, including:
 
 
 
·
the duration of our charters;
 
 
·
our decisions relating to vessel acquisitions and disposals;
 
 
·
the amount of time that we spend positioning our vessels;
 
 
·
the amount of time that our vessels spend in dry-dock undergoing repairs;
 
 
·
maintenance and upgrade work;
 
 
·
the age, condition and specifications of our vessels;
 
 
·
levels of supply and demand in the dry bulk shipping industry; and
 
 
·
other factors affecting spot market charter rates for dry bulk carriers.
 
Our revenues have grown significantly in recent periods as a result of the enlargement of our fleet, which has increased our ownership, available and operating days. Revenues have also increased during last year due to increasing hire rates. At the same time, we have maintained relatively high vessel utilization rates.
 
Voyage Expenses
 
We incur voyage expenses that include port and canal charges, bunker (fuel oil) expenses and commissions. Port and canal charges and bunker expenses primarily increase in periods during which vessels are employed on voyage charters because these expenses are for the account of the owner of the vessels. Port and canal charges and bunker expenses currently represent a relatively small portion of our vessels' overall expenses because all of our vessels are employed under time charters that require the charterer to bear all of those expenses.
 
As is common in the shipping industry, we pay commissions ranging from 0% to 6.25% of the total daily charter hire rate of each charter to unaffiliated ship brokers and in-house brokers associated with the charterers, depending on the number of brokers involved with arranging the charter. In addition to commissions paid to third parties, we have historically paid our fleet manager a commission that is equal to 2% of our revenues in exchange for providing us with technical and commercial management services in connection with the employment of our fleet. However, this commission is being eliminated from our consolidated financial statements since April 1, 2006 (after DSS was acquired) and therefore, since that date they do not constitute part of our voyage expenses.
 
The following table presents a breakdown of the commissions incurred during the periods indicated.
 
   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
 
   
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)
 
Commissions to unaffiliated and in-house ship brokers
    8,913       5,364       4,731  
Commissions to fleet  manager                       
    -       497       2,061  
                         
Total                                                                                      
    8,913       5,861       6,792  
                         

We believe that the amounts and the structures of our commissions are consistent with industry practices.
 

 
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We expect that the amount of our total commissions will continue to grow as a result of our increased revenues related to the growth of our fleet and charter hire rates.
 
Vessel Operating Expenses
 
Vessel operating expenses include crew wages and related costs, the cost of insurance, expenses relating to repairs and maintenance, the cost of spares and consumable stores, tonnage taxes and other miscellaneous expenses. Our vessel operating expenses, which generally represent fixed costs, have historically increased as a result of the enlargement of our fleet. We expect these expenses to increase further as a result of the enlargement of our fleet. Other factors beyond our control, some of which may affect the shipping industry in general, including, for instance, developments relating to market prices for insurance, may also cause these expenses to increase.
 
Depreciation
 
The cost of our vessels is depreciated on a straight-line basis over the expected useful life of each vessel. Depreciation is based on the cost of the vessel less its estimated residual value. We estimate the useful life of our vessels to be 25 years from the date construction is completed, which we believe is common in the dry bulk shipping industry. Furthermore, we estimate the residual values of our vessels to be $150 per light-weight ton which we also believe is common in the dry bulk shipping industry. Our depreciation charges have increased in recent periods due to the enlargement of our fleet which has also led to an increase of ownership days. We expect that these charges will continue to grow as a result of our acquisition of additional vessels.
 
 
Management Fees
 
We pay our fleet manager a fixed management fee of $15,000 per month for each vessel in our operating fleet in exchange for providing us with technical and commercial management services in connection with the employment of our fleet, in addition to a 2% commission on revenues. Effective April 1, 2006, management fees have been eliminated from our consolidated financial statements as intercompany transactions.
 
 
General and Administrative Expenses
 
We incur general and administrative expenses which include our onshore vessel related expenses such as legal and professional expenses and other general vessel expenses. Subsequent to April 2006, our general and administrative expenses increased as a result of our acquisition of our fleet manager. Our general and administrative expenses also include payroll expenses of employees, executive officers and consultants, travelling, promotional and other expenses of the public company. General and administrative expenses may increase as a result of the enlargement of our fleet.
 
Interest and Finance Costs
 
We have historically incurred interest expense and financing costs in connection with the vessel specific debt of our subsidiaries.  As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, we had $75.0 million and $114.6 million of indebtedness outstanding under our revolving credit facility, respectively. We incurred additional indebtedness of $98.5 million in February and March 2008 under the same facility. We incur interest expense and financing costs relating to our outstanding debt and our available credit facility and interest expense relating to our financing lease. We expect to incur additional debt to finance future acquisitions. However, we intend to limit the amount of these expenses and costs by repaying our outstanding indebtedness in excess of approximately $150.0 million from time to time with the net proceeds of future equity issuances. As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, we had $24.1 million of indebtedness outstanding under our facility with Fortis bank. Interest and finance costs incurred in connection with this loan facility are capitalized in vessel cost.
 

 
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Lack of Historical Operating Data for Vessels before Their Acquisition
 
Although vessels are generally acquired free of charter, we have acquired (and may in the future acquire) some vessels with time charters. Where a vessel has been under a voyage charter, the vessel is usually delivered to the buyer free of charter. It is rare in the shipping industry for the last charterer of the vessel in the hands of the seller to continue as the first charterer of the vessel in the hands of the buyer. In most cases, when a vessel is under time charter and the buyer wishes to assume that charter, the vessel cannot be acquired without the charterer’s consent and the buyer entering into a separate direct agreement (called a “novation agreement”) with the charterer to assume the charter. The purchase of a vessel itself does not transfer the charter because it is a separate service agreement between the vessel owner and the charterer.
 
Where we identify any intangible assets or liabilities associated with the acquisition of a vessel, we record all identified assets or liabilities at fair value. Fair value is determined by reference to market data. We value any asset or liability arising from the market value of the time charters assumed when a vessel is acquired. The amount to be recorded as an asset or liability at the date of vessel delivery is based on the difference between the current fair market value of the charter and the net present value of future contractual cash flows.  When the present value of the time charter assumed is greater than the current fair market value of such charter, the difference is recorded as prepaid charter revenue.  When the opposite situation occurs, any difference, capped to the vessel’s fair value on a charter free basis, is recorded as deferred revenue.  Such assets and liabilities, respectively, are amortized as a reduction of, or an increase in, revenue over the period of the time charter assumed.
 
We have entered into agreements to purchase vessels with time charters assumed for the Thetis, the Salt Lake City and the Norfolk. Up to December 31, 2007, we had evaluated the charters of the Thetis and the Salt Lake City and recognized an asset in the case of the Thetis with a corresponding decrease of the vessel’s value and a liability in the case of the Salt Lake City, with a corresponding increase of the vessel’s value. The asset recognized for the Thetis was fully amortized to revenue in 2007. The liability recognized for the Salt Lake City will be fully amortized in 2012 (when the charter contract expires).
 
When we purchase a vessel and assume or renegotiate a related time charter, we must take the following steps before the vessel will be ready to commence operations:
 
 
 
·
obtain the charterer’s consent to us as the new owner;
 
 
·
obtain the charterer’s consent to a new technical manager;
 
 
·
in some cases, obtain the charterer’s consent to a new flag for the vessel;
 
 
·
arrange for a new crew for the vessel, and where the vessel is on charter, in some cases, the crew must be approved by the charterer;
 
 
·
replace all hired equipment on board, such as gas cylinders and communication equipment;
 
 
·
negotiate and enter into new insurance contracts for the vessel through our own insurance brokers;
 
 
·
register the vessel under a flag state and perform the related inspections in order to obtain new trading certificates from the flag state;
 
 
·
implement a new planned maintenance program for the vessel; and
 
 
·
ensure that the new technical manager obtains new certificates for compliance with the safety and vessel security regulations of the flag state.
 

 
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When we charter a vessel pursuant to a long-term time charter agreement with varying rates, we recognize revenue on a straight line basis, equal to the average revenue during the term of the charter. However, we calculate quarterly dividends based on the available cash from operations during the relevant quarter. We have entered into such time charter agreements for our recent acquisitions, the Sideris GS, the Aliki and the Semirio.
 
The following discussion is intended to help you understand how acquisitions of vessels affect our business and results of operations.
 
Our business is comprised of the following main elements:
 
 
·
 
 employment and operation of our dry bulk vessels; and
 
·
management of the financial, general and administrative elements involved in the conduct of our business and ownership of our dry bulk vessels.
 
The employment and operation of our vessels require the following main components:
 
 
·
vessel maintenance and repair;
 
 
·
crew selection and training;
 
 
·
vessel spares and stores supply;
 
 
·
contingency response planning;
 
 
·
onboard safety procedures auditing;
 
 
·
accounting;
 
 
·
vessel insurance arrangement;
 
 
·
vessel chartering;
 
 
·
vessel security training and security response plans (ISPS);
 
 
·
obtain ISM certification and audit for each vessel within the six months of taking over a vessel;
 
 
·
vessel hire management;
 
 
·
vessel surveying; and
 
 
·
vessel performance monitoring.
 
The management of financial, general and administrative elements involved in the conduct of our business and ownership of our vessels requires the following main components:
 
 
·
management of our financial resources, including banking relationships, i.e., administration of bank loans and bank accounts;
 
 
·
management of our accounting system and records and financial reporting;
 
 
·
administration of the legal and regulatory requirements affecting our business and assets; and
 
 
·
management of the relationships with our service providers and customers.
 

 
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The principal factors that affect our profitability, cash flows and stockholders’ return on investment include:
 
 
·
rates and periods of charter hire;
 
 
·
levels of vessel operating expenses;
 
 
·
depreciation expenses;
 
 
·
financing costs; and
 
 
·
fluctuations in foreign exchange rates.
 
Critical Accounting Policies
 
The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of those financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financial statements. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions.
 
Critical accounting policies are those that reflect significant judgments of uncertainties and potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. We have described below what we believe are our most critical accounting policies, because they generally involve a comparatively higher degree of judgment in their application. For a description of all our significant accounting policies, see Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements included in this annual report.
 
Accounts Receivable, Trade
 
Accounts receivable, trade, at each balance sheet date, include receivables from charterers for hire net of a provision for doubtful accounts. At each balance sheet date, all potentially uncollectible accounts are assessed individually for purposes of determining the appropriate provision for doubtful accounts.
 
Accounting for Revenues and Expenses
 
Revenues are generated from time charter agreements and are usually paid fifteen days in advance. Time charter agreements with the same charterer are accounted for as separate agreements according to the terms and conditions of each agreement. Time charter revenues over the term of the charter are recorded as service is provided when they become fixed and determinable. Revenues from time charter agreements providing for varying annual rates over their term are accounted for on a straight line basis.  Income representing ballast bonus payments by the charterer to the vessel owner is recognized in the period earned. Deferred revenue includes cash received prior to the balance sheet date for which all criteria to recognize as revenue have not been met, including any deferred revenue resulting from charter agreements providing for varying annual rates, which are accounted for on a straight line basis. Deferred revenue also includes the unamortized balance of the liability associated with the acquisition of second-hand vessels with time charters attached which were acquired at values below fair market value at the date the acquisition agreement is consummated.
 
Voyage expenses, primarily consisting of port, canal and bunker expenses that are unique to a particular charter, are paid for by the charterer under time charter arrangements or by the Company under voyage charter arrangements, except for commissions, which are always paid for by the Company, regardless of charter type. All voyage and vessel operating expenses are expensed as incurred, except for commissions. Commissions are deferred over the related voyage charter period to the extent revenue has been deferred since commissions are earned as the Company’s revenues are earned.
 

 
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Prepaid/Deferred Charter Revenue:
 
The Company records identified assets or liabilities associated with the acquisition of a vessel at fair value, determined by reference to market data. The Company values any asset or liability arising from the market value of the time charters assumed when a vessel is acquired. The amount to be recorded as an asset or liability at the date of vessel delivery is based on the difference between the current fair market value of the charter and the net present value of future contractual cash flows.  When the present value of the contractual cash flows of the time charter assumed is greater than its current fair value, the difference is recorded as prepaid charter revenue.  When the opposite situation occurs, any difference, capped to the vessel’s fair value on a charter free basis, is recorded as deferred revenue.  Such assets and liabilities, respectively, are amortized as a reduction of, or an increase in, revenue over the period of the time charter assumed.
 
Depreciation
 
We record the value of our vessels at their cost (which includes acquisition costs directly attributable to the vessel and expenditures made to prepare the vessel for its initial voyage) less accumulated depreciation. We depreciate our dry bulk vessels on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, estimated to be 25 years from the date of initial delivery from the shipyard which we believe is also consistent with that of other shipping companies. Second hand vessels are depreciated from the date of their acquisition through their remaining estimated useful life. Depreciation is based on cost less the estimated residual scrap value. Furthermore, we estimate the residual values of our vessels to be $150 per light-weight ton which we believe is common in the dry bulk shipping industry. A decrease in the useful life of a dry bulk vessel or in its residual value would have the effect of increasing the annual depreciation charge. When regulations place limitations on the ability of a vessel to trade on a worldwide basis, the vessel's useful life is adjusted at the date such regulations are adopted.
 
Deferred Drydock Cost
 
Our vessels are required to be drydocked approximately every 30 to 36 months for major repairs and maintenance that cannot be performed while the vessels are operating. We capitalize the costs associated with drydockings as they occur and amortize these costs on a straight-line basis over the period between drydockings. Unamortized dry-docking costs of vessels that are sold are written off and included in the calculation of the resulting gain or loss in the year of the vessel’s sale. Costs capitalized as part of the drydocking include actual costs incurred at the yard and parts used in the drydocking. We believe that these criteria are consistent with industry practice and that our policy of capitalization reflects the economics and market values of the vessels.
 
Impairment of Long-lived Assets
 
We evaluate the carrying amounts (primarily for vessels and related drydock costs) and periods over which long-lived assets are depreciated to determine if events have occurred which would require modification to their carrying values or useful lives. In evaluating useful lives and carrying values of long-lived assets, we review certain indicators of potential impairment, such as undiscounted projected operating cash flows, vessel sales and purchases, business plans and overall market conditions. We determine undiscounted projected net operating cash flow for each vessel and compare it to the vessel’s carrying value. If our estimate of undiscounted future cash flows for any vessel is lower than the vessel's carrying value plus any unamortized dry-docking costs, the carrying value is written down, by recording a charge to operations, to the fair market value if the fair market value is lower than the vessel's carrying value. We estimate fair market value primarily through the use of third party valuations performed on an individual vessel basis. Furthermore, in the period a long lived asset meets the “held for sale” criteria of SFAS No.144, a loss is recognized for any initial adjustment of the long lived asset’s carrying amount to fair value less cost to sell. As vessel values are volatile, the actual fair market value of a vessel may differ significantly from estimated fair market values within a short period of time.
 

 
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Results of Operations
 
Year ended December 31, 2007 compared to the year ended December 31, 2006
 
Voyage and Time Charter Revenues.    Voyage and time charter revenues increased by $74.4 million, or 64%, to $190.5 million for 2007, compared to $116.1 million for 2006. The increase is attributable to an increase in the size of the fleet resulting in a 19% increase in operating days, and a 38% increase in average charter rates as a result of the favorable shipping rates in 2007 compared to the same period of 2006. The increase in operating days during 2007 resulted from the enlargement of our fleet following our acquisition of the Aliki in April, the Semirio in June, the Boston in November and the Salt Lake City in December 2007 and was partly offset with days lost due to the sale of the Pantelis SP in July, 2007. In 2007 we had total operating days of 5,771 and fleet utilization of 99.3%, compared to 4,849 total operating days and a fleet utilization of 99.9%, in 2006.
 
Voyage Expenses.    Voyage expenses increased by $2.6 million, or 43%, to $8.7 million in 2007 compared to $6.1 million in 2006. This increase in voyage expenses is attributable to the increase in commissions and was partly offset by the 2% elimination in commissions charged by our management company, after its acquisition by us on April 1, 2006. Commissions paid to our fleet manager during 2007 and 2006 amounted to $0 and $0.5 million (due to their elimination upon acquisition of our fleet manager), respectively, and commissions to unaffiliated ship brokers and in-house ship brokers associated with charterers amounted to $8.9 million and $5.4 million, respectively. The increase in commissions was primarily the result of the increase in the amount of charter hire revenue we reported in 2007.
 
Vessel Operating Expenses.    Vessel operating expenses increased by $6.8 million, or 30%, to $29.3 million in 2007 compared to $22.5 million in 2006. The increase in operating expenses is attributable to the 19% increase in ownership days resulting from the delivery of the new Capesize vessels to our fleet having higher daily operating expenses than the Panamax vessels as well as increased crew costs, insurances, repairs, taxes and other. Daily operating expenses were $5,046 in 2007 compared to $4,592 in 2006, representing an increase of 10%.
 
Depreciation and Amortization of Deferred Charges.    Depreciation and amortization of deferred charges increased by $7.7 million, or 46%, to $24.4 million for 2007, compared to $16.7 million for 2006. This increase is the result of the increase in the number of vessels in our fleet and was partly offset by decreased depreciation expenses for the vessel Pantelis SP.
 
General and Administrative expenses.    General and Administrative Expenses for 2007 increased by $5.4 million or 86% to $11.7 million compared to $6.3 million in 2006. The increase is mainly attributable to increases in salaries, a bonus of $1.7 million to officers and employees, expenses for contemplated due diligence issues related to a potential merger and acquisition transaction in 2007, the exchange rate of USD to the Euro and finally to the first quarter expenses of the fleet manager that did not exist in 2006.
 
Gain on Vessel Sale. In February 2007, we entered into a memorandum of agreement to sell the Pantelis SP. The vessel was delivered to her new owners in July 2007 and resulted in a gain of $21.5 million, which is reflected in the 2007 statement of income.
 
Interest and Finance Costs.    Interest and finance costs increased by $2.5 million or 64%, to $6.4 million compared to $3.9 million in 2006. The increase is attributable to interest expenses relating to long-term debt outstanding. Interest costs in 2007 amounted to $5.5 million compared to $3.1 million for the same period in 2006, which resulted from increased long-term debt outstanding during the year, increased average interest rates and increased interest relating to leased property.
 
Interest Income. Interest income increased by $1.7 million or 170%, to $2.7 million compared to $1.0 million in 2006. The increase is attributable to increased cash provided by our operating activities and proceeds resulting from our secondary public offerings, which were temporarily invested in bank deposits until being used to finance new vessel acquisitions.
 

 
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Year ended December 31, 2006 compared to the year ended December 31, 2005
 
 
Voyage and Time Charter Revenues.    Voyage and time charter revenues increased by $13.0 million, or 13%, to $116.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to $103.1 million for the same period in 2005. This increase is primarily attributable to an increase in the number of operating days that we achieved. The increase in operating days during 2006 resulted primarily from the enlargement of our fleet following our acquisition of the Coronis, the Naias and the Sideris GS in January, August and November 2006, respectively and the full operation in 2006 of Pantelis SP, the Calipso, the Clio, the Erato and the Thetis, all acquired in 2005. In 2006, we had total operating days of 4,849 and fleet utilization of 99.9%, compared to 3,460 total operating days and a fleet utilization of 99.7% in 2005.
 
Voyage Expenses.    Voyage expenses decreased by $0.4 million, or 6%, to $6.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to $6.5 million for the same period in 2005. This decrease is attributable to the elimination of the 2% commission paid to the management company effective April 1, 2006. This decrease was partly offset with increases in commissions due to increased revenues. Commissions paid during 2006 and 2005 to our fleet manager amounted to $2.4 million (of which $1.9 million was eliminated upon acquisition of our fleet manager) and $2.1 million, respectively, and commissions paid to the unaffiliated ship brokers and in house ship brokers associated with charterers amounted to $5.4 million and $4.7 million, respectively. The increase in commissions was primarily the result of the increase in the amount of revenue we reported due to increased operating days in 2006.
 
Vessel Operating Expenses.    Vessel operating expenses increased by $7.5 million, or 50%, to $22.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to $15.0 million for the same period in 2005. This increase was primarily the result of the increased number of ownership days during 2006, resulting from the enlargement of our fleet. Daily vessel operating expenses increased by 8% to $4,592 for 2006, compared to $4,261 for 2005. This increase was mainly attributable to increased crew costs, stores, spares and repairs.
 
Depreciation and Amortization of Deferred Charges.    Depreciation and amortization of deferred charges increased by $6.8 million, or 69%, to $16.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to $9.9 million for the same period in 2005. This increase was primarily the result of increased number of vessels and ownership days, as described above and the increase in vessels that underwent drydock and special surveys during the year.
 
Management Fees and General and Administrative expenses.    Management fees decreased by $1.1 million, or 65%, to $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to $1.7 million for the same period in 2005. This decrease is attributable to the elimination of the management fees paid to DSS after its acquisition effective April 1, 2006. However, due to this acquisition General and Administrative Expenses during 2006 increased by $3.4 million to $6.3 million compared to $2.9 million in 2005.
 
Interest and Finance Costs.    Interest and finance costs increased by $1.2 million, or 44%, to $3.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, compared to $2.7 million for the same period in 2005. Interest and finance costs increased due to increased interest costs which as of December 31, 2006, amounted to $3.1 million compared to $1.4 million for the same period in 2005, which resulted from increased long-term debt outstanding during the year, increased average interest rates and interest relating to leased property that did not exist in 2005.
 
Inflation
 
Inflation has only a moderate effect on our expenses given current economic conditions. In the event that significant global inflationary pressures appear, these pressures would increase our operating, voyage, administrative and financing costs.
 

 
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B.           Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
We have historically financed our capital requirements with cash flow from operations, equity contributions from stockholders and long-term bank debt. Our main uses of funds have been capital expenditures for the acquisition of new vessels, expenditures incurred in connection with ensuring that our vessels comply with international and regulatory standards, repayments of bank loans and payments of dividends. We will require capital to fund ongoing operations, the construction of new vessels, acquisitions and debt service. Working capital, which is current assets minus current liabilities, including the current portion of long-term debt, amounted to $0.6 million at December 31, 2007 compared to $11.4 million as at December 31, 2006.
 
We anticipate that internally generated cash flow and borrowings under our credit facilities will be sufficient to fund the operations of our fleet, including our working capital requirements. Currently, we have $126.5 million available under our revolving credit facility with the Royal Bank of Scotland to finance future vessel acquisitions, of which $50.0 million can be used for working capital purposes, and $36.1 million available under our facility with Fortis Bank to finance the construction of our Hull 1107 and Hull 1108.
 
It is our current policy to fund our future acquisition related capital requirements initially through borrowings under our credit facilities and to repay those borrowings in excess of $150 million from time to time with the net proceeds of equity issuances. We are a holding company and our subsidiaries conduct all of our operations and own all of our operating assets. We have no significant assets other than the equity interests in our subsidiaries. As a result, our ability to make dividend payments depends on our subsidiaries and their ability to distribute funds to us. We believe that excess funds will be available to support our growth strategy, which involves the acquisition of additional vessels, and will allow us to distribute substantially all of our available cash from operations as dividends to our stockholders as contemplated by our dividend policy. We do not intend to obtain funds from other sources to pay dividends. Depending on market conditions in the dry bulk shipping industry and acquisition opportunities that may arise, we may be required to obtain additional debt or equity financing which could affect our dividend policy.
 
Cash Flow
 
Cash and cash equivalents increased to $16.7 million as of December 31, 2007, compared to $14.5 million as of December 31, 2006.  We consider highly liquid investments such as time deposits and certificates of deposit with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are primarily held in U.S. Dollars.
 
Net Cash Provided By Operating Activities
 
Net cash provided by operating activities increased by $66.6 million, or 81%, to $149.0 million in 2007 compared to $82.4 million million in 2006. This increase was primarily attributable to the increase in the number of operating days that we achieved during the year and the increased charter rates, which resulted in an increase in our revenues. For 2006, net cash provided by operating activities increased by $13.1 million, or 19%, to $82.4 million compared to $69.3 million in 2005. The increase was primarily the result of the increase in operating days in 2006 compared to 2005.
 
Net Cash Used In Investing Activities
 
Net cash used in investing activities was $409.1 million for 2007, which consists of the advance and additional costs paid for the acquisition of the Norfolk, amounting to $27.0 million and $1.8 million of construction costs we paid for Hull 1107 and Hull 1108; $459.0 million paid for the delivery installment of the Semirio and for the acquisition of Aliki, the Boston and the Salt Lake City; $78.9 million of net proceeds from the sale of the Pantelis SP and $0.2 million paid for other assets.
 
Net cash used in investing activities was $193.1 million for 2006, mainly consisting of the first predelivery advance we paid for our vessels under construction, Hull 1107 and Hull 1108, amounting to $24.1 million plus additional construction costs and $168.7 million paid for the delivery installment of the Coronis and the acquisition of the Naias and the Sideris GS.
 

 
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Net cash used in investing activities amounted to $169.2 million for 2005, consisting of the final installments that we paid in connection with our acquisitions of the Calipso, the Clio and the Pantelis SP, the acquisitions of the Erato and the Thetis and the 10% advance we paid for the Coronis.
 
Net Cash Provided By / Used In Financing Activities
 
Net cash provided by financing activities in 2007 amounted to $262.3 million and consists of $287.8 million of proceeds drawn under our revolving credit facility for the acquisition of the Semirio ($92.0 million), the Aliki ($87.0 million), the Boston ($22.0 million) and the Salt Lake City ($86.8 million); $327.4 million of indebtedness that we repaid under our revolving credit facility with the Royal Bank of Scotland and $0.1 million of financing fees relating to the 364 day loan facility with the Royal Bank of Scotland. Net cash provided by financing activities also consists of $433.1 million of net proceeds from our public offerings in April and September 2007, and $131.1 million of dividends paid to stockholders.
 
Net cash provided by financing activities was $104.0 million for 2006, mainly consisting of $197.2 million of proceeds drawn under our revolving credit and loan facilities for the acquisition of the Coronis ($38.5 million), the fleet manager or DSS ($20.0 million), the Naias ($39.6 million), the Sideris GS ($75.0 million) and Hulls 1107 and 1108 ($24.1 million). From the above loan proceeds an amount of $71.4 million was repaid with the net proceeds of our additional public offering in June 2006, amounting to $71.7 million. Also, an amount of $19.7 million was the net cash consideration paid for the acquisition of DSS, the fleet manager, which represents the consideration of $20.0 paid, net of $0.3 million of cash acquired in the transaction. In addition, $73.6 million was paid as dividends in 2006.
 
Net cash provided by financing activities was $119.5 million in 2005. We borrowed $150.9 million of long-term debt to partially finance the acquisition of the Calipso, the Pantelis SP, the Erato and the Clio and incurred $1.2 million of financing costs. We repaid $230.7 million of outstanding long-term debt with the net proceeds of our initial public offering in March 2005, which amounted to $194.0 million and with the net proceeds of our follow on offering in December 2005, which amounted to $63.1 million and released $0.8 million of restricted cash. We paid our stockholders $57.4 million in cash dividends.
 
Credit Facilities
 
In February 2005, we entered into a $230.0 million secured revolving credit facility with The Royal Bank of Scotland Plc., which was amended on May 24, 2006, to increase the facility amount to $300.0 million. Our credit facility permits us to borrow up to $50.0 million for working capital. In January 2007, we entered into a supplemental agreement with The Royal Bank of Scotland Plc. for a 364-day standby credit facility of up to $200.0 million, which is available to us in connection with vessel acquisitions or the acquisitions of vessel owning, chartering or operating subsidiaries upon our full utilization of the existing $300.0 million revolving credit facility. Because our strategy involves limiting the amount of debt that we have outstanding, we intend to draw funds under our $300.0 million credit facility to fund acquisitions and, as necessary, to fund our working capital needs and to repay outstanding debt from time to time with the net proceeds of future equity issuances.
 
The $300.0 million revolving credit facility has a term of ten years from May 24, 2006, which we refer to as the availability date, and we are permitted to borrow up to the facility limit, provided that conditions to drawdown are satisfied and that borrowings do not exceed 75% of the aggregate value of the vessels. The facility limit will be $300.0 million for a period of six years from the availability date, at which time the facility limit will be reduced to $285.0 million. Thereafter, the facility limit will be reduced by $15.0 million semi-annually over a period of four years with a final reduction of $165.0 million together with the last semi-annual reduction. The terms of the $200.0 million credit facility were similar to the terms of the $300.0 million facility. However, we were permitted to draw down our $200.0 million standby credit facility only upon the full utilization, and subject to the same conditions to drawdown, of the $300.0 million facility at any time through March 6, 2008, as amended.
 

 
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The credit facility has commitment fees of 0.25% per annum on the amount of the undrawn balance of the facility, payable quarterly in arrears. Interest on amounts drawn are payable at a rate ranging from 0.75% to 0.85% per annum over LIBOR. During 2007 and 2006, the weighted average interest rate relating to the amounts drawn under the credit facility were 6.17% and 5.99%, respectively.
 
In November 2006, we entered into a loan agreement with Fortis Bank for a secured term loan of $60.2 million and a guarantee facility of up to $36.5 million, which we intend to use to finance the pre-delivery installments of the two newbuilding Capesize dry bulk carriers that we expect to take delivery of during the second quarter of 2010. Under this loan agreement, principal payments are scheduled upon completion of certain stages of the construction of the vessels, until December 30, 2010 (the termination date) and such advances will be repaid in full at the earlier of the repayment date (December 31, 2010) or the delivery of each vessel. The guarantee facility will be available until December 31, 2010.
 
The loan bears interest at LIBOR plus a margin ranging from 0.65% to 0.85% and commitment fees of 0.10% until issuance of the guarantee. The bank guarantee bears guarantee commission equal to the margin. The interest and finance costs on this facility during the construction period are capitalized and included in the construction cost of the vessels.
 
Our obligations under our credit facilities are secured by, or will be secured upon drawdown, by a first priority mortgage on one or more of the vessels in our fleet, currently on eleven vessels, and such other vessels that we may from time to time include with the approval of our lender, and a first assignment of all freights, earnings, insurances and requisition compensation. We may grant additional security from time to time in the future.
 
Our ability to borrow amounts under the credit facilities is subject to the execution of customary documentation relating to the facilities, including security documents, satisfaction of certain customary conditions precedent and compliance with terms and conditions included in the loan documents. To the extent that the vessels in our fleet that secure our obligations under the credit facilities are insufficient to satisfy minimum security requirements, we will be required to grant additional security or obtain a waiver or consent from the lender. We will also not be permitted to borrow amounts under the facilities if we experience a change of control.
 
The credit facilities contain financial and other covenants requiring us, among other things, to ensure that:
 
 
·
the aggregate market value of the vessels in our fleet that secure our obligations under the credit facility at all times exceeds 120% of the aggregate principal amount of debt outstanding under the credit facility and the notional or actual cost of terminating any relating hedging arrangements;
 
 
·
our total assets minus our debt will not at any time be less than $150 million and at all times will exceed 25% of our total assets;
 
 
·
we maintain $0.40 million of liquid funds per vessel.
 
For the purposes of the credit facilities, our “total assets” are defined to include our tangible fixed assets and our current assets, as set forth in our consolidated financial statements, except that the value of any vessels in our fleet that secure our obligations under the credit facility will be measured by their fair market value rather than their carrying value on our consolidated balance sheet.
 
The credit facilities also contains general covenants that require us to maintain adequate insurance coverage and to obtain the lender's consent before we acquire new vessels, change the flag, class or management of our vessels, enter into time charters or consecutive voyage charters that have a term that exceeds, or which by virtue of any optional extensions may exceed, thirteen months or enter into a new line of business. In addition, the credit facility includes customary events of default, including those relating to a failure to pay principal or interest, a breach of covenant, representation and warranty, a cross-default to other indebtedness and non-compliance with security documents.
 

 
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Our credit facilities do not prohibit us from paying dividends as long as an event of default has not occurred and we are not, and after giving effect to the payment of the dividend would not be, in breach of a covenant. When we incur debt under the credit facility, however, the amount of cash that we have available to distribute as dividends in a period may be reduced by any interest or principal payments that we are required to make.
 
As of December 31, 2007, we had $75.0 million principal balance outstanding under our $300.0 million revolving credit facility, which was used to fund a portion of the purchase price of the Salt Lake City. In February and March 2008, we drew down an additional amount of $71.5 million and $27.0 million, respectively, under our revolving credit facility to fund part of the acquisition cost of the Norfolk. As of December 31, 2007, we had a $24.1 million principal balance outstanding under our $60.2 million loan facility.
 
As of December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 and as of the date of this annual report, we did not use and have not used, any financial instruments for hedging purposes.
 
Capital Expenditures
 
We make capital expenditures from time to time in connection with our vessel acquisitions. We have entered into agreements to assume the shipbuilding contracts for two 177,000 Capesize dry bulk carriers, which we expect to take delivery of in the second quarter of 2010. We financed the 20% first predelivery installments of the two vessels under construction, amounting to $12.04 million each, with funds under our loan facility with Fortis and expect to finance the second, third and fourth predelivery installments of $6.0 million each, with funds under the same facility. In October 2007, we entered into a memorandum of agreement of acquire the secondhand Capesize dry bulk carrier, Norfolk, for the purchase price of $135.0 million. We financed the 20% advance, paid in October 2007, of $27.0 million with cash on hand and the balance of the purchase price, paid in February 2008, with $98.5 million of funds drawn under our revolving credit facility.
 
We incur additional capital expenditures when our vessels undergo surveys. This process of recertification may require us to reposition these vessels from a discharge port to shipyard facilities, which will reduce our operating days during the period. The loss of earnings associated with the decrease in operating days, together with the capital needs for repairs and upgrades, is expected to result in increased cash flow needs. We expect to fund these expenditures with cash on hand.
 
C.          Research and development, patents and licenses
 
We incur from time to time expenditures relating to inspections for acquiring new vessels that meet our standards. Such expenditures are insignificant and they are expensed as they incur.
 
D.          Trend information
 
Our results of operations depend primarily on the charter hire rates that we are able to realize.  Charter hire rates paid for dry bulk carriers are primarily a function of the underlying balance between vessel supply and demand.
 
The demand for dry bulk carrier capacity is determined by the underlying demand for commodities transported in dry bulk carriers, which in turn is influenced by trends in the global economy. According to analysts, between 2001 and 2007, trade in all dry bulk commodities increased from approximately 2.1 billion tons to 3.0 billion tons, equivalent to a compound average growth rate of 5.2%.
 

 
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The increasingly active grain market, with Asia again the largest contributor to growth, should be incremental for transportation distances as shipments are being sourced from origins such as the Black Sea, the U.S. Gulf and Argentina. One of the primary reasons for the resurgence in dry bulk trade has been the growth in imports by China of iron ore, coal and steel products during the last five years.  The driver of this dramatic upsurge in charter rates was primarily the high level of demand for raw materials imported by China. Rates declined somewhat in 2006, but in 2007 have risen again to record highs on the strength of continued high demand for dry bulk shipping capacity. Demand for dry bulk carrier capacity is also affected by the operating efficiency of the global fleet, with port congestion, which has been a feature of the market since 2004, absorbing tonnage and therefore leading to a tighter balance between supply and demand.
 
It is expected that increases in cargo demand will continue in 2008, and this is likely to be broadly matched by increases in tonnage supply. Factors affecting the supply and demand balance such as the ton-mile effect and congestion will continue having a generally beneficial effect on this balance. Given the imbalance in iron ore flows, it is more likely than not that the second half of 2008 will be stronger than the first half. Risks on the downside include the down side risks of the whole commodity cycle, the growing bottlenecks in cargo generation and over investment in ships and shipbuilding capacity.
 
The supply of dry bulk carriers is dependent on the delivery of new vessels and the removal of vessels from the global fleet, either through scrapping or loss. Currently, newbuilding statistics from shipping analysts, show that approximately 225 million tons dwt of dry bulk vessels over 10,000 tons dwt are on order, representing approximately 57% of the existing fleet.  These vessels are scheduled for delivery over the next four-and-a-half years.  The level of scrapping activity is generally a function of scrapping prices in relation to current and prospective charter market conditions, as well as operating, repair and survey costs.  The average age at which a vessel is scrapped over the last five years has been 26 years.  However, due to recent strength in the dry bulk shipping industry, the current average age at which dry bulk vessels are being scrapped has increased.
 
E.          Off-balance Sheet Arrangements
 
We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements.
 
F.          Contractual Obligations
 
The following table sets forth our contractual obligations, in thousands of U.S.$, and their maturity dates as of December 31, 2007:
 

   
Within
One Year
   
One to
Three Years
   
Three to
Five Years
   
More than
Five years
   
Total
 
   
(in thousands of U.S. dollars)
 
Shipbuilding contracts (1)                    
  $ -       96,320       -       -     $ 96,320  
Long term debt (2)                                                   
    -       24,080       -       75,000       99,080  
Financing lease obligations (3)
    233               -       -       233  
Operating lease obligations (4)
    168               -       -       168  



(1)
We have entered into agreements to assume the shipbuilding contracts for the construction of two Capesize dry bulk carriers for the purchase price of $60.2 million each. We have paid the first predelivery installment of $12.04 million for each vessel, or 20% of the contract price. We financed the first predelivery installment with proceeds under our loan facility with Fortis, mentioned in note (2) below. The remaining installments amounting to $48.2 million for each vessel will be paid as certain stages of construction are completed, pursuant to the respective shipbuilding contracts.
 

 
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(2)
As of December 31, 2007, we had an aggregate principal of $99.1 million of indebtedness outstanding under our loan facilities. This indebtedness was incurred in connection with our acquisition of the Salt Lake City and in connection with the first predelivery installments of Hull 1107 and Hull 1108, mentioned in note (1) above and does not include projected interest payments which are based on LIBOR plus a margin. In February and March 2008, we incurred additional debt of $71.5 million and $27.0 million of principal balance under our revolving credit facility in order to finance part of the purchase price of the Norfolk.
 
(3)
Since our acquisition of our fleet manager, effective April 1, 2006, we pay rent to Universal Shipping and Real Estates Inc., a related party company controlled by our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Palios, pursuant to a lease agreement signed between DSS and Universal Shipping and Real Estates Inc. in January 2006, and amended in December 2006. This finance lease has a term of three years and minimum estimated lease payments until expiration of the agreement in 2008, using the exchange rate at December 31, 2007 of U.S.$ 1.494 to €1.00 are estimated to be around $0.2 million. See also item 7B. “Related Party Transactions”.
 
(4)
We pay rent to Altair Travel Agency Ltd. and Diana Shipping Agencies S.A., both related companies controlled by our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Palios, pursuant to lease agreements signed between the two companies and DSS in January and December 2006, respectively. Both agreements expire in December 2008, and minimum estimated lease payment amounts, using the exchange rate at December 31, 2007 of U.S.$ 1.494 to €1.00, are estimated to be around $19,000 and $148,580, respectively. See also item 7B. “Related Party Transactions”.
 
 
We have entered into agreements with an unrelated supplier for the exclusive supply of lubricants for some of our vessels. Under the terms of those agreements, we were provided with free lubricants provided that the specific supplier remains our exclusive supplier for a specified period. Please see the notes to the consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2007.
 
In October 2007, we entered into an agreement to acquire a secondhand Capesize dry bulk carrier for $135.0 million, which was delivered to us in February 2008. We paid a 20% advance of $27.0 million on signing of the agreement and the balance of the purchase price of $108.0 million on its delivery to us in February 2008, partly with funds drawn under our revolving credit facility with the Royal Bank of Scotland mentioned above under “Credit Facilities”.
 
G.          Safe Harbor
 
See section “forward looking statements” at the beginning of this annual report.
 
Item 6.  Directors, Senior Management and Employees
 
A.          Directors and Senior Management
 
Set forth below are the names, ages and positions of our directors and executive officers. Our board of directors is elected annually on a staggered basis, and each director elected holds office for a three year term. Officers are appointed from time to time by our board of directors and hold office until a successor is appointed or their employment is terminated.
 

 
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Name
 
Age
 
Position
Simeon Palios
 
66
 
Class I Director, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman
Anastassis Margaronis
 
52
 
Class I Director and President
Ioannis Zafirakis
 
36
 
Class I Director, Executive Vice President and Secretary
Andreas Michalopoulos
 
37
 
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
Maria Dede
 
35
 
Chief Accounting Officer
William (Bill) Lawes
 
64
 
Class II Director
Konstantinos Psaltis
 
69
 
Class II Director
Boris Nachamkin
 
74
 
Class III Director
Apostolos Kontoyannis
 
59
 
Class III Director
 
The term of our Class I directors expires in 2009, the term of our Class II directors expires in 2010 and the term of our Class III directors expires in 2008.
 
The business address of each officer and director is the address of our principal executive offices, which are located at Pendelis 16, 175 64 Palaio Faliro, Athens, Greece.
 
Biographical information with respect to each of our directors and executive officers is set forth below.
 
Simeon P. Palios has served as our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman since February 21, 2005 and as a Director since March 9, 1999. Mr. Palios also serves as an employee of DSS. Prior to November 12, 2004, Mr. Palios was the Managing Director of Diana Shipping Agencies S.A. and performed on our behalf the services he now performs as Chief Executive Officer. Since 1972, when he formed Diana Shipping Agencies, Mr. Palios has had the overall responsibility of our activities. Mr. Palios has 40 years experience in the shipping industry and expertise in technical and operational issues. He has served as an ensign in the Greek Navy for the inspection of passenger boats on behalf of Ministry of Merchant Marine and is qualified as a naval architect and engineer. Mr. Palios is a member of various leading classification societies worldwide and he is a member of the board of directors of the United Kingdom Freight Demurrage and Defense Association Limited. He holds a bachelors degree in Marine Engineering from Durham University.
 
Anastassis C. Margaronis has served as our President and as a Director since February 21, 2005. Mr. Margaronis also serves as an employee of DSS. Prior to February 21, 2005, Mr. Margaronis was employed by Diana Shipping Agencies S.A. and performed on our behalf the services he now performs as President. He joined Diana Shipping Agencies in 1979 and has been responsible for overseeing our insurance matters, including hull and machinery, protection and indemnity and war risks cover. Mr. Margaronis has 27 years of experience in shipping, including in ship finance and insurance. He is a member of the Governing Council of the Greek Shipowner's Union and a member of the board of directors of the United Kingdom Mutual Steam Ship Assurance Association (Bermuda) Limited. He holds a bachelors degree in Economics from the University of Warwick and a master’s degree from the Wales Institute of Science and Technology.
 
Ioannis G. Zafirakis has served as our Executive Vice President and Secretary since February 14, 2008, as our Vice President and Secretary since February 21, 2005 and as a Director since March 9, 1999. Mr. Zafirakis also serves as an employee of DSS. Prior to February 21, 2005, Mr. Zafirakis was employed by Diana Shipping Agencies S.A. and performed on our behalf the services he now performs as Executive Vice President. He joined Diana Shipping Agencies S.A. in 1997 where he held a number of positions in its finance and accounting department. He holds a bachelors degree in Business Studies from City University Business School in London and a master’s degree in International Transport from the University of Wales in Cardiff.
 

 
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Andreas Michalopoulos has served as our Chief Financial Officer since March 8, 2006. Mr. Michalopoulos started his career in 1993 where he joined Merrill Lynch Private Banking in Paris. In 1995, he became an International Corporate Auditor with Nestle SA based in Vevey, Switzerland and moved in 1998 to the position of Trade Marketing and Merchandising Manager. From 2000 to 2002, he worked for McKinsey and Company in Paris, France as an Associate Generalist Consultant before joining from 2002 to 2005, a major Greek Pharmaceutical Group, Lavipharm SA, with U.S. R&D activity as a Vice President International Business Development, Member of the Executive Committee. From 2005 to 2006, he joined Diana Shipping Agencies as a Project Manager. Mr. Michalopoulos has graduated from Paris IX Dauphine University with Honours in 1993 obtaining an MSc in Economics and a Masters degree in Management Sciences specialized in Finance. In 1995, he also obtained an MBA from Imperial College, University of London. Mr. Andreas Michalopoulos is married to the youngest daughter of Mr. Simeon Palios.
 
Maria Dede has served as our Chief Accounting Officer since September 1, 2005 during which time she has been responsible for all financial reporting requirements. Mrs. Dede has also served as an employee of DSS since March 2005. In 2000, Mrs. Dede joined the Athens branch of Arthur Andersen, which merged with Ernst and Young (Hellas) in 2002, where she served as an external auditor of shipping companies until 2005. From 1996 to 2000, Mrs. Dede was employed by Venus Enterprises SA, a ship-management company, where she held a number of positions primarily in accounting and supplies. Mrs. Dede holds a bachelors degree in Maritime Studies from the University of Piraeus and a Master's Degree in Business Administration from ALBA.
 
William (Bill) Lawes has served as a Director and the Chairman of our Audit Committee since March 2005. Mr. Lawes served as a Managing Director and a member of the Regional Senior Management Board of JPMorgan Chase (London) from 1987 until 2002. Prior to joining JPMorgan Chase, he was Global Head of Shipping Finance at Grindlays Bank. Since December 2007, he serves as an independent member of the Board of Directors and Chairman of the Audit Committee of Teekay Tankers Ltd. Mr. Lawes is qualified as a member of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland.
 
Konstantinos Psaltis has served as a Director since March 2005. Since 1981, Mr. Psaltis has served as Managing Director of Ormos Compania Naviera S.A., a company that specializes in operating and managing multipurpose container vessels. Prior to joining Ormos Compania Naviera S.A., Mr. Psaltis simultaneously served as a technical manager in the textile manufacturing industry and as a shareholder of shipping companies managed by M.J. Lemos. From 1961 to 1964, he served as ensign in the Royal Hellenic Navy. Mr. Psaltis is a member of the Germanischer Lloyds Hellas Committee. He holds a degree in Mechanical Engineering from Technische Hochschule Reutlingen & Wuppertal and a bachelor’s degree in Business Administration from Tubingen University in Germany.
 
Boris Nachamkin has served as a Director and as a member of our Compensation Committee since March 2005. Mr. Nachamkin was with Bankers Trust Company, New York, for 37 years, from 1956 to 1993 and was posted to London in 1968. Upon retirement in 1993, he acted as Managing Director and Global Head of Shipping at Bankers Trust. Mr. Nachamkin was also the UK Representative of Deutsche Bank Shipping from 1996 to 1998 and Senior Executive and Head of Shipping, based in Paris, for Credit Agricole Indosuez between 1998 and 2000. Previously, he was a Director of Mercur Tankers, a company which was listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange, and Ugland International, a shipping company. He also serves as Managing Director of Seatrust Shipping Services Ltd., a private consulting firm.
 
Apostolos Kontoyannis has served as a Director and as the Chairman of our Compensation Committee and a member of our Audit Committee effective as since March 2005. Since 1987, Mr. Kontoyannis has been the Chairman of Investments and Finance Ltd., a financial consultancy firm he founded, that specializes in financial and structuring issues relating to the Greek maritime industry, with offices in Piraeus and London. He was employed by Chase Manhattan Bank N.A. in Frankfurt (Corporate Bank), London (Head of Shipping Finance South Western European Region) and Piraeus (Manager, Ship Finance Group) from 1975 to 1987. He is an independent member of the Board of Directors of Excel Maritime Carriers Ltd. Mr. Kontoyannis holds a bachelors degree in Finance and Marketing and an M.B.A. in Finance from Boston University.
 

 
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B.    Compensation
 
The aggregate compensation to members of our senior management for 2007, 2006 and for the period from March 17, 2005 (the date our initial public offering was completed) to December 31, 2005, was $1.9 million, $1.9 million and $1.6 million, respectively. We have not paid senior management compensation for any years prior to 2005. Those members of our senior management during 2004 were employed and paid compensation by our fleet manager from the management fees that we paid to it. We estimated that the fair market value of the aggregate compensation for the period from January 1, 2005 to March 17, 2005 (the date our initial public offering was completed) that we would have paid to members of our senior management, had we been a public company would have been $0.3 million, had such services been charged to us at fair value by our fleet manager during those periods. We did not pay any benefits in 2007, 2006 and 2005. In February 2008, our senior management received a cash bonus of $0.9 million, relating to 2007 performance, and restricted stock certificates of an aggregate of 65,100 shares of common stock. The restricted stock will vest ratably over three years. We do not have a retirement plan for our officers or directors.
 
Non-employee directors receive annual fees in the amount of $40,000 plus reimbursement of their out-of-pocket expenses. In addition, each non-executive serving as chairman or member of the committees receives annual fees of $20,000 and $10,000, respectively, plus reimbursement of their out-of-pocket expenses. For 2007, 2006 and 2005 fees to non-executive directors amounted to $220,000, $220,000 and $173,500, respectively. In February 2008, non-employee directors received restricted stock certificates of an aggregate of 10,400 shares of common stock. The restricted stock will vest ratably over three years. We do not have a retirement plan for our officers or directors.
 
C.          Board Practices
 
We have established an Audit Committee, comprised of two board members, which is responsible for reviewing our accounting controls, recommending to the board of directors the engagement of our independent auditors, and pre-approving audit and audit related services and fees.  Each member is an independent director. As directed by its written charter, the Audit Committee is responsible for appointing, and overseeing the work of the independent auditors, including reviewing and approving their engagement letter and all fees paid to our auditors, reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Company's accounting and internal control procedures and reading and discussing with management and the independent auditors the annual audited financial statements.
 
In addition, we have established a Compensation Committee comprised of two members, which is responsible for establishing executive officers' compensation and benefits. The members of the Audit Committee are Mr. William Lawes (Chairman and financial expert) and Mr. Apostolos Kontoyannis (member and financial expert) and the members of the Compensation Committee are Mr. Apostolos Kontoyannis (Chairman) and Mr. Boris Nachamkin (member). While we are exempt from New York Stock Exchange rules on independent directors, we currently conform to those rules.
 
We have established an Executive Committee comprised of the three executive directors, Mr. Simeon Palios, Mr. Anastassis Margaronis and Mr. Ioannis Zafirakis. The Executive Committee has, to the extent permitted by law, the powers of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation.
 
We also maintain directors’ and officers’ insurance, pursuant to which we provide insurance coverage against certain liabilities to which our directors and officers may be subject, including liability incurred under U.S. securities law.  The maximum coverage under this insurance is currently U.S.$45 million per incident and in the aggregate per policy year.
 

 
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D.          Crewing and Shore Employees
 
Prior to February 21, 2005, the shoreside personnel provided by our fleet manager included Mr. Simeon Palios, Mr. Anastassis Margaronis, Mr. Ioannis Zafirakis and Evangelos Monastiriotis, who, as employees of our fleet manager, performed services that were substantially identical to services provided by executive officers. On February 21, 2005, Mr. Simeon Palios, Mr. Anastassis Margaronis, and Mr. Ioannis Zafirakis became executive officers and employees of Diana Shipping Inc. effective March 17, 2005. From February 21, 2005 to September 1, 2005, Mr. Monastiriotis, while employed by our fleet manager, served as our acting Chief Accounting Officer. On September 1, 2005, Mrs. Maria Dede became our Chief Accounting Officer and provides her services to us pursuant to her employment with our fleet manager. Effective March 8, 2006, Mr. Andreas Michalopoulos became our Chief Financial Officer and Mr. Koutsomitopoulos who served as our Chief Financial Officer until then, became our Vice President and Head of Corporate Development until April 30, 2007.
 
We crew our vessels primarily with Greek officers and Filipino officers and seamen. We are responsible for identifying our Greek officers, which are hired by our vessel owning subsidiaries. Our Filipino officers and seamen are referred to by Crossworld Marine Services Inc., an independent crewing agency. The crewing agency handles each seaman's training, travel and payroll. We ensure that all our seamen have the qualifications and licenses required to comply with international regulations and shipping conventions. Additionally, our seafaring employees perform most commissioning work and supervise work at shipyards and drydock facilities. We typically man our vessels with more crew members than are required by the country of the vessel's flag in order to allow for the performance of routine maintenance duties.
 
Although we had no shoreside employees in 2005 and until April 1, 2006 when our fleet manager became our wholly owned subsidiary, our fleet manager has informed us of the number of persons employed by it that were dedicated to managing our fleet. The following table presents the average number of shoreside personnel and the number of seafaring personnel employed by our vessel owning subsidiaries during the periods indicated.
 

   
Year Ended December 31,
 
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
 
Shoreside
    39       36       30  
Seafaring
    389       329       263  
                         
Total
    428       365       293  
                         
 
E.          Share Ownership
 
With respect to the total amount of common stock owned by all of our officers and directors, individually and as a group, see Item 7 “Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions”.
 
Equity Incentive Plan
 
We have adopted an equity incentive plan, which we refer to as the plan, which entitles employees, officers and directors to receive options to acquire our common stock. A total of 2,800,000 shares of common stock are reserved for issuance under the plan. The plan is administered by our board of directors. Under the terms of the plan, our Board of Directors will be able to grant a) incentive stock options, b) non-qualified stock options, c) stock appreciation rights, d) dividend equivalent rights, e) restricted stock, f) unrestricted stock, g) restricted stock units, and h) performance shares. No options, stock appreciation rights or restricted stock units can be exercisable prior to the first anniversary or subsequent to the tenth anniversary of the date on which such award was granted. The plan will expire 10 years from the adoption of the Plan by the Board of Directors. As of December 31, 2007, no awards were granted under the plan. However, in February 2008, our Board of Directors granted 75,500 shares of restricted common stock to our senior management and non-executive directors. These shares will be vested over a period of three years by 1/3 per annum. The restricted shares are subject to forfeiture until they become vested. Unless they forfeit, grantees have the right to vote, to receive and retain all dividends paid and to exercise all other rights, powers and privileges of a holder of shares.
 

 
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Item 7.   Major Stockholders and Related Party Transactions 
 
A.         Major Stockholders
 
The following table sets forth current information regarding (i) the owners of more than five percent of our common stock that we are aware of and (ii) the total amount of common stock owned by all of our officers and directors, individually and as a group. All of the stockholders, including the stockholders listed in this table, are entitled to one vote for each share of common stock held.
 

Title of Class
Identity of Person or Group
 
Number of
Shares Owned
   
Percent of Class
 
Common Stock, par value $0.01
Simeon Palios (1)
    14,312,040       19.22 %
                   
 
All officers and directors as a group (2)
    14,365,040       19.29 %


 
(1)
Currently, Mr. Simeon Palios beneficially owns 25,500 restricted common shares granted through the Company’s Equity Incentive Plan on February 26, 2007 and 14,286,540 shares indirectly through Corozal Compania Naviera S.A. and Ironwood Trading Corp. over which Mr. Simeon Palios exercises sole voting and dispositive power. In March 2005, when we became public, Mr. Simeon Palios beneficially owned 51.8% of our outstanding stock. Following several secondary offerings as of December 31, 2005, 2006, 2007 and currently, Mr. Simeon Palios owned indirectly through Corozal and Ironwood 46.04%, 39.06%, 19.21% and 19.22%, respectively, of our common stock.
 
 
(2)
Mr. Simeon Palios is our only director or officer that beneficially owns 5% or more of our common stock.: Mr. Anastassis Margaronis, our President and a member of our board of directors, and Mr. Ioannis Zafirakis, our Executive Vice President and a member of our board of directors, are indirect stockholders through ownership of stock held in Corozal Compania Naviera S.A., which is the registered owner of some of our common stock. Mr. Margaronis and Mr. Zafirakis do not have dispositive or voting power with regard to shares held by Corozal Compania S.A. and, accordingly, are not considered to be beneficial owners of our common shares held through Corozal Compania Naviera S.A..  Messrs. Lawes, Psaltis, Nachamkin and Kontoyannis, each a non-executive director of ours, owns shares of our common stock of less than 1%, each.
 
 
Since we became public, Zoe S. Company Ltd., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Maas Capital Investments, which in turn is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Fortis Bank (Nederland) N.V., beneficially owned 12.63% of our common stock.  Following secondary offerings Zoe S. Company Ltd., owned as of December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, 11.22%, 9.52% and 4.68%, respectively, of our common stock. As of September 2007 and the date of this annual report, Zoe S. Company Ltd. owns less than 5% of our issued and outstanding common stock.
 
B.           Related Party Transactions
 
Universal Shipping and Real Estates Inc.
 
Following our acquisition of DSS, we pay rent for our office space to Universal Shipping and Real Estates Inc., or Universal, a company controlled by our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Simeon Palios. Pursuant to the lease agreement signed between DSS and Universal and amended in December 2006, in 2007 and 2006, we paid rent amounting to about $205,000 and $227,000, respectively. The duration of the agreement is three years. The part of the rent paid in 2006 and all of the rent paid in 2007 was classified as interest expense of a financing lease. For 2008, when the rent agreement expires, we expect to pay about $233,000 of rent expense to Universal, which will be classified as interest expense.
 

 
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Diana Shipping Agencies S.A. Management Agreements
 
Diana Shipping Agencies S.A., or DSA, is an affiliated entity that is majority owned and controlled by our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. In December 2006, we entered into a lease agreement with DSA to lease office space. The duration of the lease is for 25 months. Until December 31, 2006, we paid one monthly rent amounting to $11,000 and in 2007 we paid rent amounting to about $138,000. Rent increases annually by the rate of 3% above inflation and in 2008, the year that the agreement expires, we expect to pay approximately $149,000 in rent expense.
 
Commercial Banking, Financial Advisory and Investment Banking Services
 
Fortis Bank (Nederland) N.V., which prior to September 2007 owned more than 5% of our issued and outstanding shares, and its affiliates have provided and may provide in the future commercial banking, financial advisory and investment banking services for us for which they receive customary compensation. Fortis Securities LLC, an affiliate of Fortis Bank (Nederland) N.V., was an underwriter in our initial public offering in March 2005 and our follow-on offering in December 2005. In November 2006, we entered into a loan facility agreement with Fortis Bank for a loan of up to $60,200 and a guarantee facility of up to $36,451 for the purpose of financing and guaranteeing the payment of part of the construction cost of our two Capesize dry bulk carriers we have under construction at the Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipbuilding Co. Ltd, in China and we expect to take delivery of in 2010.
 
Registration Rights Agreement
 
We have entered into a registration rights agreement with Corozal Compania Naviera S.A., Ironwood Trading Corp., and Zoe S. Company Ltd., our stockholders of record immediately prior to our initial public offering in March 2005, pursuant to which we have granted them, their affiliates (including Mr. Simeon Palios, Mr. Anastassis Margaronis and Mr. Ioannis Zafirakis) and certain of their transferees, the right, under certain circumstances and subject to certain restrictions, including any applicable lock-up agreements then in place, to require us to register under the Securities Act shares of our common stock held by them. Under the registration rights agreement, these persons will have the right to request us to register the sale of shares held by them on their behalf and may require us to make available shelf registration statements permitting sales of shares into the market from time to time over an extended period. In addition, these persons will have the ability to exercise certain piggyback registration rights in connection with registered offerings requested by stockholders or initiated by us. Our stockholders of record immediately prior to our initial public offering, owned 25,768,750 shares entitled to these registration rights. In December 2006, we filed a Registration Statement to register 8,000,000 of these shares of which 5,750,000 were sold in a secondary offering in January 2007, at the price of $15.75 per share and the remaining 2,250,000 in April 2007 at the price of $17.00 per share.
 
Consultancy Agreements
 
We have consulting agreements with companies owed by Mr. Palios, Mr. Margaronis, Mr. Zafirakis, Mr. Michalopoulos (as of March 1, 2006), and until March 31, 2006 with Mr. Koutsomitopoulos, respectively. In 2007, 2006 and 2005, we paid to these companies $1.6 million, $1.6 million and $1.4 million, respectively, for services provided by their owners and performed outside of Greece.
 
Travel Services
 
Altair Travel Agency S.A., an affiliated entity that is controlled by our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Simeon Palios, provides us with travel related services. Travel related expenses in 2007, 2006 and 2005 amounted to $1.2 million, $0.9 million and $0.7 million, respectively. We believe that the fees that we pay to Altair Travel Agency S.A. are no greater than fees we would pay to an unrelated third party for comparable services in an arm's length transaction. Following our acquisition of DSS, we also pay rent to Altair for the lease of parking space, which for 2007 and 2006 amounted to about $17,000 and $13,000. The duration of the agreement is three years and rent is increased annually at the rate of 3% above inflation. In 2008, when the agreement expires, we expect to pay to Altair approximately $19,000 of rent expense.
 

 
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C.    Interests of Experts and Counsel
 
Not Applicable.
 
Item 8.    Financial information
 
A.           Consolidated statements and other financial information
 
 
See Item 18.
 
Legal Proceedings
 
We have not been involved in any legal proceedings which may have, or have had, a significant effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or liquidity, nor are we aware of any proceedings that are pending or threatened which may have a significant effect on our business, financial position, results of operations or liquidity. From time to time, we may be subject to legal proceedings and claims in the ordinary course of business, principally personal injury and property casualty claims. We expect that these claims would be covered by insurance, subject to customary deductibles. Those claims, even if lacking merit, could result in the expenditure of significant financial and managerial resources.
 
Dividend Policy
 
Our policy is to declare quarterly distributions to stockholders by each February, May, August and November substantially equal to our available cash from operations during the previous quarter after expenses and reserves for scheduled drydockings, intermediate and special surveys and other purposes as our board of directors may from time to time determine are required, and after taking into account contingent liabilities, the terms of our credit facilities, our growth strategy and other cash needs and the requirements of Marshall Islands law. Our board of directors may review and amend our dividend policy from time to time in light of our plans for future growth and other factors.
 
In times when we have in excess of $150.0 million of debt outstanding, excluding construction pre-delivery financing, we intend to calculate our dividends per share as if any debt, excluding construction pre-delivery financing, in excess of $150.0 million were financed entirely with equity such that (i) the available cash from operations as determined by our board of directors would be increased by the amount of interest expense incurred on account of such outstanding debt during the related period, and (ii) the number of shares outstanding would be deemed to include an additional number of shares, which, if issued, would have generated net proceeds that would have been sufficient to have allowed us to repay such outstanding debt as of the beginning of the related period (based on the market price of our common stock as of the determination date). Depending on the circumstances, we may or may not be required to use sources other than our available cash from operations to fund such dividends. From time to time we may use the net proceeds from equity offerings to temporarily reduce our outstanding debt, excluding construction pre-delivery financing, to less than $150.0 million pending the application of such proceeds to vessel acquisitions or other uses. As of December 31, 2007, we had total debt outstanding of $99.1 million of principal balance, including $24.1 million of construction pre-delivery financing.
 
We believe that, under current law, our dividend payments from earnings and profits will constitute “qualified dividend income” and as such will generally be subject to a 15% United States federal income tax rate with respect to non-corporate United States stockholders. Distributions in excess of our earnings and profits will be treated first as a non-taxable return of capital to the extent of a United States stockholder's tax basis in its common stock on a dollar-for-dollar basis and thereafter as capital gain. We note that legislation was recently introduced in the United States Congress, which, if enacted in its present form, would preclude dividends received after the date of enactment from qualifying as “qualified dividend income.” Please see the section of this annual report entitled “Taxation” under item 10.E for additional information relating to the tax treatment of our dividend payments.
 

 
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The dry bulk shipping industry is highly volatile and we cannot accurately predict the amount of cash distributions that we may make in any period. Factors beyond our control may affect the charter market for our vessels and our charterers' ability to satisfy their contractual obligations to us, and we cannot assure you that dividends in any amounts will actually be declared. Marshall Islands law generally prohibits the payment of dividends other than from surplus or when a company is insolvent or if the payment of the dividend would render the company insolvent.
 
In addition, we may incur expenses or liabilities, including extraordinary expenses, which could include costs of claims and related litigation expenses, or be subject to other circumstances in the future that reduce or eliminate the amount of cash that we have available for distribution as dividends or for which our board of directors may determine we require the establishment of reserves. Our growth strategy contemplates that we will finance the acquisition of additional vessels through a combination of debt and equity financing on terms acceptable to us. If financing is not available to us on acceptable terms, our board of directors may determine to finance or refinance acquisitions with cash from operations, which would reduce or even eliminate the amount of cash available for the payment of dividends.
 
Since our initial public offering in March 2005, we have declared and paid dividends of $2.19 per share, $1.56 per share and $1.485 per share, representing our cash available from operations for 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
 
B.           Significant Changes
 
There have been no significant changes since the date of the annual financial statements included in this annual report.
 
Item 9.     Listing Details
 
 
The trading market for shares of our common stock is the New York Stock Exchange, on which our shares trade under the symbol “DSX”. The following table sets forth the high and low closing prices for shares of our common stock since our initial public offering on March 17, 2005, as reported by the New York Stock Exchange:
 

   
2008
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
 
Period
 
High
   
Low
   
High
   
Low
   
High
   
Low
   
High
   
Low
 
Annual
    -       -     $ 44.82     $ 15.79     $ 13.55     $ 11.19     $ 17.50     $ 12.14  
                                                                 
1st quarter
    -       -     $ 20.31     $ 15.79     $ 13.55     $ 11.19                  
2nd quarter
    -       -       23.00       17.95       12.53       9.85                  
3rd quarter
    -       -       29.24       21.62       13.95       10.23                  
4th quarter
    -       -       44.82       25.05       15.83       13.24                  
                                                                 
September
            -     $ 28.62     $ 25.05                                  
October
                    44.82       29.68                                  
November
                    42.92       27.94                                  
December
                    34.65       28.18                                  
January
  $ 30.85     $ 21.12                                                  
February
    31.10       25.99                                                  


 
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Item 10.     Additional Information
 
 
A.
Share Capital
 
Not Applicable.
 
B.
Memorandum and articles of association
 
 
Our amended and restated articles of incorporation and bylaws have been filed as exhibit 3.1 and 3.2 to our Registration Statement on form F-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 1, 2005 with file number 333-123052 and our amended and restated bylaws have been filed as exhibit 1.2 to our form 6-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 4, 2007 with file number 001-32458.  The information contained in these exhibits is incorporated by reference herein.
 
Information regarding the rights, preferences and restrictions attaching to each class of the shares is described in section “Description of Capital Stock” in our Registration Statement on Form F-1 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 23, 2005 with file number 333-129726, provided that since the date of that Registration Statement, our outstanding shares of common stock has increased to 74,450,500.
 
Material Contracts
 
We refer you to Item 7.B for a discussion of our registration rights agreement with our stockholders of record before our initial public offering and agreements with companies controlled by our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mr. Simeon Palios. Other than these agreements, we have no material contracts, other than contracts entered into in the ordinary course of business, to which the Company or any member of the group is a party.
 
D.
Exchange Controls
 
Under Marshall Islands, Panamanian and Greek law, there are currently no restrictions on the export or import of capital, including foreign exchange controls or restrictions that affect the remittance of dividends, interest or other payments to non-resident holders of our common stock.
 
 
E.
Taxation
 
United States Taxation
 
The following discussion is based upon the provisions of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), existing and proposed U.S. Treasury Department regulations, administrative rulings, pronouncements and judicial decisions, all as of the date of this Annual Report.  This discussion assumes that we do not have an office or other fixed place of business in the United States. Unless the context otherwise requires, the reference to Company below shall be meant to refer to both the Company and its vessel owning and operating subsidiaries.
 
Taxation of the Company’s Shipping Income: In General
 
The Company anticipates that it will derive substantially all of its gross income from the use and operation of vessels in international commerce and that this income will principally consist of freights from the transportation of cargoes, hire or lease from time or voyage charters and the performance of services directly related thereto, which the Company refers to as “shipping income.”
 

 
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Shipping income that is attributable to transportation that begins or ends, but that does not both begin and end, in the United States will be considered to be 50% derived from sources within the United States. Shipping income attributable to transportation that both begins and ends in the United States will be considered to be 100% derived from sources within the United States. The Company is not permitted to engage in transportation that gives rise to 100% U.S. source income. Shipping income attributable to transportation exclusively between non-U.S. ports will be considered to be 100% derived from sources outside the United States. Shipping income derived from sources outside the United States will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax.
 
Based upon the Company’s anticipated shipping operations, the Company’s vessels will operate in various parts of the world, including to or from U.S. ports. Unless exempt from U.S. taxation under Section 883 of the Code, the Company will be subject to U.S. federal income taxation, in the manner discussed below, to the extent its shipping income is considered derived from sources within the United States.
 
In the year ended December 31, 2007, approximately4.6%, of the Company’s shipping income was attributable to the transportation of cargoes either to or from a U.S. port. Accordingly, 2.3% of the Company’s shipping income would be treated as derived from U.S. sources for the year ended December 31, 2007. In the absence of exemption from tax under Section 883, the Company would have been subject to a 4% tax on its gross U.S. source shipping income equal to approximately $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007.
 
Application of Code Section 883
 
Under the relevant provisions of Section 883 of the Code and the final regulations promulgated thereunder, or the final regulations, which became effective on January 1, 2005 for calendar year taxpayers like ourselves and our subsidiaries, a foreign corporation will be exempt from U.S. taxation on its U.S. source shipping income if:
 
(1)
It is organized in a qualified foreign country which, as defined, is one that grants an equivalent exemption from tax to corporations organized in the United States in respect of the shipping income for which exemption is being claimed under Section 883, or  the “country of organization requirement”; and
 
(2)
It can satisfy any one of the following two (2) stock ownership requirements:
 
 
§
more than 50% of its stock, in terms of value, is beneficially owned by qualified stockholders which, as defined, includes individuals who are residents of a qualified foreign country, or the “50% Ownership Test”; or
 
 
§
its stock or that of its 100% parent is “primarily and regularly” traded on an established securities market located in the United States, or the “Publicly Traded Test”.
 
The U.S. Treasury Department has recognized the Marshall Islands, the Company’s country of organization since February 2005, and Panama, the country of incorporation of each of the Company’s subsidiaries that earned shipping income during 2007, as a qualified foreign country. Accordingly, the Company and each of the subsidiaries satisfy the country of organization requirement.
 
For the 2007 tax year, the Company believes that it will be unlikely to satisfy the 50% Ownership Test. Therefore, the eligibility of the Company and each subsidiary to qualify for exemption under Section 883 is wholly dependent upon being able to satisfy the Publicly Traded Test.
 
Under the final regulations, the Company’s common stock, which is the sole class of issued and outstanding stock, was “primarily traded” on the New York Stock Exchange during 2007.
 

 
55

 
 
Under the final regulations, the Company’s common stock will be considered to be “regularly traded” on the New York Stock Exchange if its common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and in addition, its common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange, other than in minimal quantities, on at least 60 days during the taxable year and the aggregate number of shares of common stock so traded during the taxable year is at least 10% of the average number of shares of common stock issued and outstanding during such year. The Company has satisfied the listing requirement as well as the trading frequency and trading volume tests.
 
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the final regulations provide, in pertinent part, that stock will not be considered to be “regularly traded” on an established securities market for any taxable year in which 50% or more of such stock is owned, actually or constructively under specified stock attribution rules, on more than half the days during the taxable year by persons, or 5% Stockholders, who each own 5% or more of the value of stock, or the “5 Percent Override Rule.”
 
For more than half the days of the tax year 2007, 19.21% of the Company’s common stock was owned by 5% Stockholders.  Therefore, the Company is not subject to the 5 Percent Override Rule for 2007.  However, there is no assurance that the Company will continue to qualify for exemption under Section 883.  For example, the Company could be subject to the 5% Override Rule if another 5% Stockholder in combination with the Company’s existing 5% Stockholders were to own 50% or more of the Company’s stock.  In such a case, the Company would be subject to the 5% Override Rule unless it could establish that, among the shares owned by the 5% Stockholders, sufficient shares are owned by qualified shareholders to preclude non-qualified shareholders from owning 50 percent or more of the Company’s stock for more than half the number of days during the taxable year.  These requirements are onerous and there is no assurance the Company will be able to satisfy them.
 
Based on the foregoing, the Company believes that it satisfied the publicly traded test for 2007 and intends to take this position on its 2007 United States income tax returns.
 
Taxation in Absence of Internal Revenue Code Section 883 Exemption
 
To the extent the benefits of Section 883 are unavailable with respect to any item of U.S. source shipping income, the Company and each of its subsidiaries would be subject to a 4% tax imposed on such income by Section 887 of the Code on a gross basis, without the benefit of deductions. Since under the sourcing rules described above, no more than 50% of the Company’s shipping income would be treated as being derived from U.S. sources, the maximum effective rate of U.S. federal income tax on the Company’s shipping income would never exceed 2% under the 4% gross basis tax regime.
 
Based on its U.S. source Shipping Income for 2007, the Company would be subject to U.S. federal income tax of approximately $0.2 million under Section 887 in the absence of an exemption under Section 883.
 
Gain on Sale of Vessels.
 
Regardless of whether we qualify for exemption under Section 883, we will not be subject to United States federal income taxation with respect to gain realized on a sale of a vessel, provided the sale is considered to occur outside of the United States under United States federal income tax principles.  In general, a sale of a vessel will be considered to occur outside of the United States for this purpose if title to the vessel, and risk of loss with respect to the vessel, pass to the buyer outside of the United States.  It is expected that any sale of a vessel by us will be considered to occur outside of the United States.
 
Marshall Islands Tax Considerations
 
We are incorporated in the Marshall Islands. Under current Marshall Islands law, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains, and no Marshall Islands withholding tax will be imposed upon payments of dividends by us to our stockholders.
 

 
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F.      Dividends and paying agents
 
Not Applicable.
 
G.
Statement by experts
 
Not Applicable.
 
H.
Documents on display