Document

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended
Commission file
June 30, 2017
number 1-5805

JPMorgan Chase & Co.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
13-2624428
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. employer
identification no.)
 
 
270 Park Avenue, New York, New York
10017
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
 
 
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (212) 270-6000

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
x  Yes
o  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).
x  Yes
o  No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer x
Accelerated filer
o
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)      o
Smaller reporting company
o
 
 
 
 
Emerging growth company
o
 
 
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
o  Yes
x  No
 
Number of shares of common stock outstanding as of June 30, 2017: 3,518,964,410
 



FORM 10-Q
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Item 1.
 
 
 
 
83
 
84
 
85
 
86
 
87
 
88
 
165
 
166
 
168
Item 2.
 
 
3
 
4
 
5
 
7
 
11
 
13
 
14
 
15
 
18
 
41
 
42
 
49
 
66
 
67
 
72
 
77
 
80
 
82
Item 3.
176
Item 4.
176
 
Item 1.
176
Item 1A.
176
Item 2.
176
Item 3.
177
Item 4.
177
Item 5.
177
Item 6.
178

2



JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated financial highlights
(unaudited)
As of or for the period ended,
(in millions, except per share, ratio, headcount data and where otherwise noted)
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended
June 30,
2Q17

1Q17

4Q16

3Q16

2Q16

2017

2016

Selected income statement data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total net revenue
$
25,470

$
24,675

$
23,376

$
24,673

$
24,380

$
50,145

$
47,619

Total noninterest expense
14,506

15,019

13,833

14,463

13,638

29,525

27,475

Pre-provision profit
10,964

9,656

9,543

10,210

10,742

20,620

20,144

Provision for credit losses
1,215

1,315

864

1,271

1,402

2,530

3,226

Income before income tax expense
9,749

8,341

8,679

8,939

9,340

18,090

16,918

Income tax expense
2,720

1,893

1,952

2,653

3,140

4,613

5,198

Net income
$
7,029

$
6,448

$
6,727

$
6,286

$
6,200

$
13,477

$
11,720

Earnings per share data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income:    Basic
$
1.83

$
1.66

$
1.73

$
1.60

$
1.56

$
3.49

$
2.92

 Diluted
1.82

1.65

1.71

1.58

1.55

3.47

2.89

Average shares: Basic
3,574.1

3,601.7

3,611.3

3,637.7

3,675.5

3,587.9

3,693.0

 Diluted
3,599.0

3,630.4

3,646.6

3,669.8

3,706.2

3,614.7

3,721.9

Market and per common share data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Market capitalization
321,633

312,078

307,295

238,277

224,449

321,633

224,449

Common shares at period-end
3,519.0

3,552.8

3,561.2

3,578.3

3,612.0

3,519.0

3,612.0

Share price:(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
High
$
92.65

$
93.98

$
87.39

$
67.90

$
66.20

$
93.98

$
66.20

Low
81.64

83.03

66.10

58.76

57.05

81.64

52.50

Close
91.40

87.84

86.29

66.59

62.14

91.40

62.14

Book value per share
66.05

64.68

64.06

63.79

62.67

66.05

62.67

Tangible book value per share (“TBVPS”)(b)
53.29

52.04

51.44

51.23

50.21

53.29

50.21

Cash dividends declared per share
0.50

0.50

0.48

0.48

0.48

1.00

0.92

Selected ratios and metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on common equity (“ROE”)
12
%
11
%
11
%
10
%
10
%
11
%
10
%
Return on tangible common equity (“ROTCE”)(b)
14

13

14

13

13

14

12

Return on assets
1.10

1.03

1.06

1.01

1.02

1.07

0.97

Overhead ratio
57

61

59

59

56

59

58

Loans-to-deposits ratio
63

63

65

65

66

63

66

High quality liquid assets (“HQLA”) (in billions)(c)
$
577

$
528

$
524

$
539

$
516

$
577

$
516

Common equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) capital ratio(d)
12.6%

12.5
%
12.4%

12.0
%
12.0
%
12.6
%
12.0
%
Tier 1 capital ratio(d)
14.4

14.3

14.1

13.6

13.6

14.4

13.6

Total capital ratio(d)
16.0

15.6

15.5

15.1

15.2

16.0

15.2

Tier 1 leverage ratio(d)
8.5

8.4

8.4

8.5

8.5

8.5

8.5

Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading assets
$
407,064

$
402,513

$
372,130

$
374,837

$
380,793

$
407,064

$
380,793

Securities
263,458

281,850

289,059

272,401

278,610

263,458

278,610

Loans
908,767

895,974

894,765

888,054

872,804

908,767

872,804

Core loans
834,935

812,119

806,152

795,077

775,813

834,935

775,813

Average core loans
824,583

805,382

799,698

779,383

760,721

815,034

749,009

Total assets
2,563,174

2,546,290

2,490,972

2,521,029

2,466,096

2,563,174

2,466,096

Deposits
1,439,473

1,422,999

1,375,179

1,376,138

1,330,958

1,439,473

1,330,958

Long-term debt(e)
292,973

289,492

295,245

309,418

295,627

292,973

295,627

Common stockholders’ equity
232,415

229,795

228,122

228,263

226,355

232,415

226,355

Total stockholders’ equity
258,483

255,863

254,190

254,331

252,423

258,483

252,423

Headcount
249,257

246,345

243,355

242,315

240,046

249,257

240,046

Credit quality metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for credit losses
$
14,480

$
14,490

$
14,854

$
15,304

$
15,187

$
14,480

$
15,187

Allowance for loan losses to total retained loans
1.49%

1.52%

1.55%

1.61%

1.64%

1.49%

1.64%

Allowance for loan losses to retained loans excluding purchased credit-impaired loans(f)
1.28

1.31

1.34

1.37

1.40

1.28

1.40

Nonperforming assets
$
6,432

$
6,826

$
7,535

$
7,779

$
7,757

$
6,432

$
7,757

Net charge-offs(g)
1,204

1,654

1,280

1,121

1,181

2,858

2,291

Net charge-off rate(g)
0.54%

0.76%

0.58%

0.51%

0.56%

0.65%

0.54%

(a)
Share prices are from the New York Stock Exchange.
(b)
TBVPS and ROTCE are non-GAAP financial measures. For further discussion of these measures, see Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Financial Performance Measures on pages 15–17.
(c)
HQLA represents the amount of assets that qualify for inclusion in the liquidity coverage ratio (“LCR”). For additional information, see HQLA on page 67.
(d)
Ratios presented are calculated under the Basel III Transitional capital rules and for the capital ratios represent the lower of the Standardized or Advanced approach as required by the Collins Amendment of the Dodd-Frank Act (the “Collins Floor”). See Capital Risk Management on pages 42–48 for additional information on Basel III and the Collins Floor.
(e)
Included unsecured long-term debt of $221.0 billion, $212.0 billion, $212.6 billion, $226.8 billion and $220.6 billion at June 30, 2017, March 31, 2017, December 31, 2016, September 30, 2016 and June 30, 2016, respectively.    
(f)
Excluded the impact of residential real estate purchased credit-impaired (“PCI”) loans, a non-GAAP financial measure. For further discussion of these measures, see Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Measures on pages 15–17. For further discussion, see Allowance for credit losses on pages 63–65.
(g)
Excluding net charge-offs of $467 million related to the student loan portfolio transfer, the net charge-off rates for both the three months ended March 31, 2017 and six months ended June 30, 2017 would have been 0.54%.

3


INTRODUCTION
The following is management’s discussion and analysis (“MD&A”) of the financial condition and results of operations of JPMorgan Chase & Co. (“JPMorgan Chase” or the “Firm”) for the second quarter of 2017.
This Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with JPMorgan Chase’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“2016 Annual Report” or 2016 “Form 10-K”), to which reference is hereby made. See the Glossary of terms and acronyms on pages 168–175 for definitions of terms and acronyms used throughout this Form 10-Q.
The MD&A included in this Form 10-Q contains statements that are forward-looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of JPMorgan Chase’s management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. For a discussion of certain of those risks and uncertainties and the factors that could cause JPMorgan Chase’s actual results to differ materially because of those risks and uncertainties, see Forward-looking Statements on page 82 of this Form 10-Q and Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, on pages 8–21 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
JPMorgan Chase & Co., a financial holding company incorporated under Delaware law in 1968, is a leading global financial services firm and one of the largest banking institutions in the United States of America (U.S.), with operations worldwide; the Firm had $2.6 trillion in assets and $258.5 billion in stockholders’ equity as of June 30, 2017. The Firm is a leader in investment banking, financial
 
services for consumers and small businesses, commercial banking, financial transaction processing and asset management. Under the J.P. Morgan and Chase brands, the Firm serves millions of customers in the U.S. and many of the world’s most prominent corporate, institutional and government clients.
JPMorgan Chase’s principal bank subsidiaries are JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association (JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.), a national banking association with U.S. branches in 23 states, and Chase Bank USA, National Association (Chase Bank USA, N.A.), a national banking association that is the Firm’s credit card-issuing bank. JPMorgan Chase’s principal nonbank subsidiary is J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (JPMorgan Securities), the Firm’s U.S. investment banking firm. The bank and nonbank subsidiaries of JPMorgan Chase operate nationally as well as through overseas branches and subsidiaries, representative offices and subsidiary foreign banks. One of the Firm’s principal operating subsidiaries in the United Kingdom (U.K.) is J.P. Morgan Securities plc, a subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
For management reporting purposes, the Firm’s activities are organized into four major reportable business segments, as well as a Corporate segment. The Firm’s consumer business is the Consumer & Community Banking (CCB) segment. The Firm’s wholesale business segments are Corporate & Investment Bank (CIB), Commercial Banking (CB), and Asset & Wealth Management (AWM). For a description of the Firm’s business segments, and the products and services they provide to their respective client bases, refer to Note 33 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.




4


EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW
This executive overview of the MD&A highlights selected information and does not contain all of the information that is important to readers of this Form 10-Q. For a complete description of the trends and uncertainties, as well as the risks and critical accounting estimates affecting the Firm and its various lines of business, this Form 10-Q should be read in its entirety.
Financial performance of JPMorgan Chase
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(unaudited)
As of or for the period ended,
(in millions, except per share data and ratios)
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
2017

 
2016

 
Change

 
2017

 
2016

 
Change

Selected income statement data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total net revenue
$
25,470

 
$
24,380

 
4
 %
 
$
50,145

 
$
47,619

 
5%

Total noninterest expense
14,506

 
13,638

 
6

 
29,525

 
27,475

 
7

Pre-provision profit
10,964

 
10,742

 
2

 
20,620

 
20,144

 
2

Provision for credit losses
1,215

 
1,402

 
(13
)
 
2,530

 
3,226

 
(22
)
Net income
7,029

 
6,200

 
13

 
13,477

 
11,720

 
15

Diluted earnings per share
$
1.82

 
$
1.55

 
17

 
$
3.47

 
$
2.89

 
20

Selected ratios and metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on common equity
12
%
 
10
%
 
 
 
11
%
 
10
%
 
 
Return on tangible common equity
14

 
13

 
 
 
14

 
12

 
 
Book value per share
$
66.05

 
$
62.67

 
5

 
$
66.05

 
$
62.67

 
5

Tangible book value per share
53.29

 
50.21

 
6

 
53.29

 
50.21

 
6

Capital ratios(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CET1
12.6%

 
12.0
%
 
 
 
12.6
%
 
12.0
%
 
 
Tier 1 capital
14.4

 
13.6

 
 
 
14.4

 
13.6

 
 
Total capital
16.0

 
15.2

 
 
 
16.0

 
15.2

 
 
(a)
Ratios presented are calculated under the Basel III Transitional capital rules and represent the Collins Floor. See Capital Risk Management on pages 42–48 for additional information on Basel III.
Comparisons noted in the sections below are calculated for the second quarter of 2017 versus the prior-year second quarter, unless otherwise specified.
Firmwide overview
JPMorgan Chase reported strong results in the second quarter of 2017 with record net income of $7.0 billion, or $1.82 per share, on net revenue of $25.5 billion. The Firm reported ROE of 12% and ROTCE of 14%.
Net income increased 13%, reflecting higher net revenue, lower income tax expense, and lower provision for credit losses, largely offset by higher noninterest expense.
Total net revenue increased 4%. Net interest income was $12.2 billion, up 8%, primarily driven by the net impact of higher interest rates and loan growth, partially offset by declines in Markets net interest income. Noninterest revenue was $13.3 billion, up 2%, driven by a legal benefit in Corporate related to a settlement with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) receivership for Washington Mutual and with Deutsche Bank as trustee to certain Washington Mutual trusts, higher Banking revenue in the CIB, higher auto lease income, and higher revenue in AWM. These increases were predominantly offset by higher Card new account origination costs, lower Mortgage Banking revenue and lower Markets revenue in the CIB.
Noninterest expense was $14.5 billion, up 6%, reflecting the absence of a legal benefit recorded in the prior-year quarter, as well as higher auto lease depreciation and FDIC-related expenses.

 
The provision for credit losses was $1.2 billion, a decrease from $1.4 billion. This quarter included a net reduction in the allowance for credit losses in the wholesale portfolio of $241 million driven by Oil & Gas, Natural Gas Pipelines and Metals & Mining, offset by a net addition to the allowance for credit losses in the consumer portfolio of $252 million driven by Card.
The total allowance for credit losses was $14.5 billion at June 30, 2017, and the Firm had a loan loss coverage ratio, excluding the PCI portfolio, of 1.28%, compared with 1.40%. The Firm’s nonperforming assets totaled $6.4 billion at June 30, 2017, a decrease from $7.8 billion.
Firmwide average core loans increased 8%.
Selected capital-related metrics
The Firm added to its capital, ending the second quarter of 2017 with a TBVPS of $53.29, up 6%.
The Firm’s Basel III Fully Phased-In CET1 capital was $187 billion, and the Standardized and Advanced CET1 ratios were 12.5% and 12.7%, respectively.
The Fully Phased-In supplementary leverage ratio (“SLR”) was 6.6% for the Firm and 6.7% for JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. at June 30, 2017.

5


ROTCE and TBVPS are considered non-GAAP financial measures. Core loans and each of the Fully Phased-In capital and leverage measures are considered key performance measures. For a further discussion of each of these measures, see Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Measures on pages 15–17, and Capital Risk Management on pages 42–48.
Lines of business highlights
Selected business metrics for each of the Firm's four lines of business are presented below for the second quarter of 2017.
CCB
ROE 17%
 
Average core loans up 9%; average deposits of $640 billion, up 10%
28.4 million active mobile customers, up 14%
Credit card sales volume up 15% and merchant processing volume up 12%
CIB
ROE 15%
 
Maintained #1 ranking for Global Investment Banking fees with 8.3% wallet share YTD
Banking revenue up 17%; Markets revenue down 14%
CB
ROE 17%
 
Record revenue and net income of $2.1 billion (up 15%), and $902 million (up 30%), respectively
Average loan balances of $198 billion, up 12%
AWM
ROE 27%
 
Record net income of $624 million, up 20%; revenue of $3.2 billion, up 9%
Average loan balances of $122 billion, up 9%
Assets under management (“AUM”) of $1.9 trillion, up 11%; 77% of mutual fund AUM ranked in the 1st or 2nd quartile over 5 years
For a detailed discussion of results by line of business, refer to the Business Segment Results on pages 18–40.
Credit provided and capital raised
JPMorgan Chase continues to support consumers, businesses and communities around the globe. The Firm provided credit and raised capital of $1.2 trillion for wholesale and consumer clients during the first six months of 2017:
$131 billion of credit for consumers
$11 billion of credit for U.S. small businesses
$413 billion of credit for corporations
$605 billion of capital raised for corporate clients and non-U.S. government entities
$38 billion of credit and capital raised for U.S. government and nonprofit entities, including states, municipalities, hospitals and universities


 
2017 outlook
These current expectations are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of JPMorgan Chase’s management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. These risks and uncertainties could cause the Firm’s actual results to differ materially from those set forth in such forward-looking statements. See Forward-Looking Statements on page 82 of this Form 10-Q and Risk Factors on pages 8–21 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report. There is no assurance that actual results for the full year of 2017 will be in line with the outlook set forth below, and the Firm does not undertake to update any of these forward-looking statements to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that arise after the date hereof.
JPMorgan Chase’s outlook for the remainder of 2017 should be viewed against the backdrop of the global and U.S. economies, financial markets activity, the geopolitical environment, the competitive environment, client activity levels, and regulatory and legislative developments in the U.S. and other countries where the Firm does business. Each of these interrelated factors will affect the performance of the Firm and its lines of business. The Firm expects it will continue to make appropriate adjustments to its businesses and operations in response to ongoing developments in the legal and regulatory, as well as business and economic, environment in which it operates.
Firmwide
Management expects 2017 net interest income to increase by approximately $4 billion compared with the prior year, depending on market conditions.
The Firm continues to take a disciplined approach to managing its expenses, while investing in growth and innovation. As a result, Firmwide adjusted expense in 2017 is expected to be approximately $58 billion (excluding Firmwide legal expense).
The Firm continues to experience charge-off rates at or near historically low levels, reflecting favorable credit conditions across the consumer and wholesale portfolios. Management expects total net charge-offs of approximately $5 billion in 2017, excluding net charge-offs of $467 million related to the write-down of the student loan portfolio in the first quarter of 2017.
Management expects average core loan growth of approximately 8% in 2017.
CCB
In Card, management expects the portfolio average net charge-off rate to increase in 2017, but remain below 3% for the year, reflecting continued loan growth and the seasoning of newer vintages, with quarterly net charge-off rates reflecting normal seasonal trends.
CIB
Management expects Investment Banking fees in the second half of 2017 to be lower compared to a strong prior-year period.

6


CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
This section provides a comparative discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s Consolidated Results of Operations on a reported basis for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, unless otherwise specified. Factors that relate primarily to a single business segment are discussed in more detail within that business segment. For a discussion of the Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm that affect the Consolidated Results of Operations, see pages 77–79 of this Form 10-Q and pages 132–134 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2017

 
2016

 
Change

 
2017

 
2016

 
Change

Investment banking fees
$
1,810

 
$
1,644

 
10
 %
 
$
3,627

 
$
2,977

 
22
 %
Principal transactions
3,137

 
2,976

 
5

 
6,719

 
5,655

 
19

Lending- and deposit-related fees
1,482

 
1,403

 
6

 
2,930

 
2,806

 
4

Asset management, administration and commissions
3,824

 
3,681

 
4

 
7,501

 
7,305

 
3

Securities gains/(losses)
(34
)
 
21

 
NM
 
(37
)
 
72

 
NM
Mortgage fees and related income
404

 
689

 
(41
)
 
810

 
1,356

 
(40
)
Card income
1,167

 
1,358

 
(14
)
 
2,081

 
2,659

 
(22
)
Other income(a)
1,472

 
1,261

 
17

 
2,242

 
2,062

 
9

Noninterest revenue
13,262

 
13,033

 
2

 
25,873

 
24,892

 
4

Net interest income
12,208

 
11,347

 
8

 
24,272

 
22,727

 
7

Total net revenue
$
25,470

 
$
24,380

 
4%

 
$
50,145

 
$
47,619

 
5%

(a)
Included operating lease income of $873 million and $651 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively and $1.7 billion and $1.3 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Quarterly results
Investment banking fees increased, with strong performance across products. Higher equity underwriting fees were driven by growth in industry-wide issuance, including a strong IPO market; higher debt underwriting fees were driven by a higher share of fees; and higher advisory fees were driven by a higher level of completed transactions. For additional information, see CIB segment results on pages 25–30 and Note 5.
Principal transactions revenue increased reflecting higher gains on private equity investments held in Corporate, and the absence of fair value losses recorded in the prior year on the investment in Square, Inc. in CCB, partially offset by lower Markets revenue in CIB. For additional information, see CIB, Corporate and CCB segment results on pages 25–30 , page 39 and pages 20–24 , respectively, and Note 5.
Mortgage fees and related income decreased driven by lower mortgage servicing right (“MSR”) risk management results and lower net production revenue on lower margins. For further information on mortgage fees and related income, see CCB segment results on pages 20–24 and
Note 14.
Card income decreased predominantly driven by higher credit card new account origination costs, partially offset
by higher other card-related fees, largely annual fees.
For further information, see CCB segment results on pages 20–24.
 
Other income increased primarily reflecting the following:
a legal benefit of $645 million in Corporate related to a settlement with the FDIC receivership for Washington Mutual and with Deutsche Bank as trustee to certain Washington Mutual trusts
higher operating lease income reflecting growth in auto operating lease volume in CCB;
the increases were partially offset by
the absence of a gain in the prior year on the sale of Visa Europe interests in CCB, and
lower other income in CIB.
For further information on other income, see Note 5.
Net interest income increased primarily driven by the net impact of higher rates and loan growth across the businesses, partially offset by the declines in Markets net interest income in CIB driven by a shift in asset mix in Currencies & Emerging Markets and Equity Markets, and an adjustment for capitalized interest on modified loans in Mortgage Banking. The Firm’s average interest-earning assets were $2.2 trillion, and the net interest yield on these assets, on a fully taxable-equivalent (“FTE) basis, was 2.31%, an increase of 6 basis points from the prior year.

7


For additional information on asset management, administration and commissions income, see the segment discussions of CIB and AWM on pages 25–30 and pages 35–38, respectively, and Note 5; on lending- and deposit-related fees, see the segment results for CCB on pages 20–24, CIB on pages 25–30, and CB on pages 31–34 and Note 5; and on securities gains, see the Corporate segment discussion on page 39.
Year-to-date results
Investment banking fees increased reflecting higher debt and equity underwriting fees. The higher debt underwriting fees were driven by a higher share of fees and an overall increase in industry-wide fee levels; and the higher equity underwriting fees were driven by growth in industry-wide issuance, including a stronger IPO market.
Principal transactions revenue increased primarily as a result of higher client-driven market-making revenue in CIB, reflecting:
Higher Fixed Income-related revenue primarily from Securitized Products driven by strong demand in the first quarter
Higher Equity-related revenue primarily from corporate derivatives and Prime Services, partially offset by lower revenue in other derivatives related to market-making activities, and
Higher Lending-related revenue reflecting lower fair value losses on hedges of accrual loans and higher gains on securities received from restructurings.
Asset management, administration and commissions revenue increased in AWM and CCB reflecting higher market levels.
 
Mortgage fees and related income decreased driven by lower MSR risk management results, lower net production revenue on lower margins, and lower servicing revenue due to lower average third-party loans serviced.
Card income decreased predominantly driven by higher credit card new account origination costs, partially offset
by higher other card-related fees, largely annual fees.
For further information, see CCB segment results on pages 20–24.
Other income increased primarily reflecting the following:
a legal benefit of $645 million in Corporate related to a settlement with the FDIC receivership for Washington Mutual and with Deutsche Bank as trustee to certain Washington Mutual trusts
higher operating lease income reflecting growth in auto operating lease volume in CCB;
the increases were partially offset by
the absence of gains in the prior year on the sale of Visa Europe interests in CCB, as well as on the disposal of assets in AWM, and
lower other income in CIB.
Net interest income increased primarily driven by the net impact of higher rates and loan growth across the businesses, partially offset by the declines in Markets net interest income in CIB driven by a shift in asset mix in Currencies & Emerging Markets and Equity Markets.
The Firm’s average interest-earning assets were $2.2 trillion, and the net interest yield on these assets, on a FTE basis, was 2.32%, an increase of 4 basis points from the prior year.
Provision for credit losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)

2017

 
2016

 
Change

 
2017

 
2016

 
Change

Consumer, excluding credit card
$
12

 
$
95

 
(87)%

 
$
454

 
$
316

 
44
 %
Credit card
1,387

 
1,110

 
25

 
2,380

 
1,940

 
23
 %
Total consumer
1,399

 
1,205

 
16

 
2,834

 
2,256

 
26
 %
Wholesale
(184
)
 
197

 
NM

 
(304
)
 
970

 
NM

Total provision for credit losses
$
1,215

 
$
1,402

 
(13
)%
 
$
2,530

 
$
3,226

 
(22
)%

8


Quarterly results
The provision for credit losses decreased as a result of:
a decline in the wholesale provision predominantly due to a $241 million reduction in the allowance for credit losses compared with an addition in the prior year; actions for both periods related to Oil & Gas, Natural Gas Pipelines and Metals & Mining
the decline was partially offset by
an increase in the consumer provision primarily driven by $120 million of higher net charge-offs, predominantly in the credit card portfolio, and a $74 million higher addition to the allowance for credit losses, which included current quarter additions in the credit card, business banking and auto portfolios, partially offset by a reduction in the residential real estate portfolio.
For a more detailed discussion of the credit portfolio and the allowance for credit losses, see the segment discussions of CCB on pages 20–24, CIB on pages 25–30, CB on pages 31–34, the Allowance for Credit Losses on pages 63–65 and Note 12.
 
Year-to-date results
The provision for credit losses decreased as a result of:
a decline in the wholesale provision predominantly due to a $334 million reduction in the allowance for credit losses compared with an addition in the prior year; actions for both periods related to Oil & Gas, Natural Gas Pipelines and Metals & Mining
the decline was partially offset by
an increase in the consumer provision primarily driven by $284 million of higher net charge-offs, predominantly in the credit card portfolio, $218 million related to the transfer of the student loan portfolio to held-for-sale, and a $76 million higher addition to the allowance for credit losses, which included current year additions in the credit card, business banking and auto portfolios, partially offset by a reduction in the residential real estate portfolio.
For a more detailed discussion of the student loan sale, see CCB segment results on pages 20–24.
Noninterest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)

2017

 
2016

 
Change

 
2017

 
2016

 
Change
Compensation expense
$
7,706

 
$
7,778

 
(1
)%
 
$
15,907

 
$
15,438

 
3%

Noncompensation expense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Occupancy
912

 
899

 
1

 
1,873

 
1,782

 
5

Technology, communications and equipment
1,870

 
1,665

 
12

 
3,698

 
3,283

 
13

Professional and outside services
1,644

 
1,700

 
(3
)
 
3,187

 
3,248

 
(2
)
Marketing
756

 
672

 
13

 
1,469

 
1,375

 
7

Other expense(a)(b)
1,618

 
924

 
75

 
3,391

 
2,349

 
44

Total noncompensation expense
6,800

 
5,860

 
16

 
13,618

 
12,037

 
13

Total noninterest expense
$
14,506

 
$
13,638

 
6
 %
 
$
29,525

 
$
27,475

 
7
 %
(a)
Included Firmwide legal expense of $61 million and $(430) million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively and $279 million and $(476) million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
(b)
Included FDIC-related expense of $376 million and $283 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively and $757 million and $552 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Quarterly results
Compensation expense decreased predominantly driven by lower performance-based compensation expense in CIB, partially offset by investments in headcount, including bankers and support staff in certain businesses.
 
Noncompensation expense increased as a result of:
the absence of a legal benefit recorded in the prior year in Corporate
higher depreciation expense from growth in auto operating lease volume in CCB
higher FDIC-related expense
higher marketing expense in CCB, and
contributions to the Firm’s Foundation.
For a further discussion of legal expense, see Note 21.

9


Year-to-date results
Compensation expense increased predominantly driven by investments in headcount, including bankers and support staff in certain businesses, as well as higher performance-based compensation expense particularly in AWM.
 
Noncompensation expense increased as a result of:
higher legal expense driven by the combined impact of an increase in legal expense in AWM and a lower legal benefit in Corporate
higher depreciation expense from growth in auto operating leased assets in CCB
higher FDIC-related expense
contributions to the Firm’s Foundation, and
higher marketing expense in CCB.
Income tax expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)

2017

 
2016

 
Change

 
2017

 
2016

 
Change
Income before income tax expense
$
9,749

 
$
9,340

 
4
 %
 
$
18,090

 
$
16,918

 
7
 %
Income tax expense
2,720

 
3,140

 
(13
)
 
4,613

 
5,198

 
(11
)
Effective tax rate
27.9
%
 
33.6
%
 
 
 
25.5
%
 
30.7
%
 


Quarterly results
The effective tax rate decreased predominantly due to the release of a valuation allowance and the write-off of certain deferred tax liabilities, as well as due to the change in the mix of income and expenses subject to U.S. federal and state and local taxes.
Year-to-date results
The effective tax rate decreased predominantly due to larger tax benefits resulting from the vesting of employee-based stock awards and the release of a valuation allowance. The tax benefits resulting from employee-based stock awards were related to the appreciation of the Firm’s stock price upon vesting of these awards above their original grant price.

10


CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS ANALYSIS
Consolidated balance sheets overview
The following is a discussion of the significant changes between June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016.
Selected Consolidated balance sheets data
(in millions)
Jun 30,
2017

 
Dec 31,
2016

Change

Assets
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
21,781

 
$
23,873

(9
)%
Deposits with banks
427,380

 
365,762

17

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
218,570

 
229,967

(5
)
Securities borrowed
90,654

 
96,409

(6
)
Trading assets:
 
 
 
 
Debt and equity instruments
350,558

 
308,052

14

Derivative receivables
56,506

 
64,078

(12
)
Securities
263,458

 
289,059

(9
)
Loans
908,767

 
894,765

2

Allowance for loan losses
(13,363
)
 
(13,776
)
(3
)
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
895,404

 
880,989

2

Accrued interest and accounts receivable
64,038

 
52,330

22

Premises and equipment
14,206

 
14,131

1

Goodwill
47,300

 
47,288


Mortgage servicing rights
5,753

 
6,096

(6
)
Other intangible assets
827

 
862

(4
)
Other assets
106,739

 
112,076

(5
)
Total assets
$
2,563,174

 
$
2,490,972

3
 %
Cash and due from banks and deposits with banks
The net increase was primarily driven by deposit growth and a shift in the deployment of excess cash from securities and securities purchased under resale agreements. The Firm’s excess cash is placed with various central banks, predominantly Federal Reserve Banks.
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements decreased primarily due to the shift in the deployment of excess cash to deposits with banks.
For additional information on the Firm’s Liquidity Risk Management, see pages 67–71.
Trading assets and trading liabilities–debt and equity instruments increased predominantly related to client-driven market-making activities in CIB.
The increase in trading assets was driven by higher debt and equity instruments in Prime Services reflecting client demand and in Rates reflecting higher levels when compared to lower levels at year-end.
The increase in trading liabilities was driven by higher levels of client-driven short positions in debt instruments, partially offset by reductions in equity instruments.
For additional information, refer to Note 2.
Trading assets and trading liabilities–derivative receivables and payables decreased predominantly related to client-driven market-making activities in CIB Markets, reflecting lower foreign exchange and interest rate derivative receivables and payables, driven by maturities and market movements.
 
For additional information, refer to Derivative contracts on pages 61–62, and Notes 2 and 4.
Securities decreased primarily due to sales of U.S. Treasuries and non-U.S. government securities.
Loans increased reflecting the following:
higher wholesale loans predominantly driven by originations in CB and higher loans to Private Banking clients in AWM, partially offset by
lower consumer loans as a result of the student loan portfolio sale, lower home equity loans, and the seasonal decline in credit card balances, predominantly offset by higher retention of originated high-quality prime mortgages in CCB and AWM.
The allowance for loan losses decreased reflecting the following:
a net reduction in the wholesale allowance primarily driven by Oil & Gas, Natural Gas Pipelines and Metals & Mining
the consumer allowance remained relatively flat, with the utilization of the allowance in connection with the transfer of the student loan portfolio to held-for-sale, and a reduction in the residential real estate portfolio driven by continued improvement in home prices and delinquencies, predominantly offset by additions to the credit card, business banking and auto portfolios, driven by loan growth as well as higher loss rates in credit card.
For detailed discussion of loans and the allowance for loan losses, refer to Credit Risk Management on pages 49–65, and Notes 2, 3, 11 and 12.

11


Accrued interest and accounts receivable increased reflecting higher client receivables related to client-driven market-making activities in CIB.
 
For information on Securities, see Notes 2 and 9; and MSRs, see Note 14.

Selected Consolidated balance sheets data (continued)
 
(in millions)
Jun 30,
2017

 
Dec 31,
2016

Change

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
Deposits
$
1,439,473

 
$
1,375,179

5
 %
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
165,621

 
165,666


Commercial paper
22,207

 
11,738

89

Other borrowed funds
30,936

 
22,705

36

Trading liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Debt and equity instruments
91,628

 
87,428

5

Derivative payables
41,795

 
49,231

(15
)
Accounts payable and other liabilities
189,160

 
190,543

(1
)
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”)
30,898

 
39,047

(21
)
Long-term debt
292,973

 
295,245

(1
)
Total liabilities
2,304,691

 
2,236,782

3

Stockholders’ equity
258,483

 
254,190

2

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
2,563,174

 
$
2,490,972

3
 %
Deposits increased due to the following:
higher wholesale deposits driven by growth in client activity in CIB’s Securities Services and Treasury Services businesses, partially offset by lower balances in AWM reflecting balance migration into the Firm’s investment-related products, and the impact of seasonality in both CB and AWM.
higher consumer deposits reflecting the continuation of strong growth from existing and new customers, and low attrition rates
For more information on deposits, refer to the Liquidity Risk Management discussion on pages 67–71; and Notes 2
and 15.
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements were flat reflecting a change in the mix of funding to commercial paper and other borrowed funds offset by on-going client activity in CIB.
 
Commercial paper increased due to higher issuance in the wholesale market, reflecting a change in the mix of funding from securities sold under repurchase agreements for CIB Markets activities. For additional information, see Liquidity Risk Management on pages 67–71.
Other borrowed funds increased driven by a change in the mix of funding from securities sold under repurchase agreements in CIB.
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs decreased due to net maturities of credit card securitizations and the deconsolidation of the student loan securitization entities. For further information on Firm-sponsored VIEs and loan securitization trusts, see Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements on page 14 and Note 19; and for a more detailed discussion of the student loan sale, see CCB segment results on pages 20–24 and Note 23.
For information on the Firm’s long-term debt activities, see Liquidity Risk Management on pages 67–71; on changes in stockholders’ equity, see page 86, and on the Firm’s capital actions, see Capital actions on page 47.

12


CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOWS ANALYSIS
Consolidated cash flows overview
The following is a discussion of cash flow activities during
the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.
(in millions)
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
2017

 
2016

Net cash provided by/(used in)
 
 
 
 
Operating activities
 
$
(13,024
)
 
$
(22,907
)
Investing activities
 
(37,079
)
 
(52,064
)
Financing activities
 
47,911

 
74,159

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
 
100

 
32

Net decrease in cash and due from banks
 
$
(2,092
)
 
$
(780
)
Operating activities
Cash used in operating activities for the period ending June 30, 2017 resulted from:
Client-driven market-making activities in CIB
an increase in trading assets was primarily driven by higher debt and equity instruments in Prime Services reflecting client demand and in Rates reflecting higher levels when compared to lower levels at year-end
an increase in accrued interest and accounts receivable due to higher client receivables
Other operating activity
higher net originations and purchases of loans held-for-sale predominantly in CIB and CB.
Cash used in operating activities for the period ending June 30, 2016 resulted from:
Client-driven market-making activities in CIB
an increase in accrued interest and accounts receivable driven by higher client receivables
an increase in trading assets, which was predominantly offset by an increase in trading liabilities.
Investing activities
Cash used in investing activities during 2017 resulted from:
an increase in deposits with banks, which were placed with various central banks, predominantly Federal Reserve Banks
higher wholesale loans predominantly driven by originations in CB and higher loans to Private Banking clients in AWM, partially offset by lower consumer loans as a result of the student loan portfolio sale, lower home equity loans, and the seasonal decline in credit card balances, predominantly offset by higher retention of originated high-quality prime mortgages in CCB and AWM
Partially offsetting these cash outflows was a decrease in securities and securities purchased under resale agreements due to the shift in the deployment of excess
 
cash to deposits with banks.
Cash used in investing activities during 2016 resulted from:
an increase in wholesale loans driven by strong originations of commercial and industrial loans and commercial real estate loans
an increase in consumer loans reflecting the retention of originated high-quality prime mortgages and growth in auto loans
a net increase in securities purchased under resale agreements due to a higher demand for securities to cover short positions related to client-driven market-making activities in CIB and the deployment of excess cash by Treasury and Chief Investment Office ("CIO").
For both periods, partially offsetting these cash outflows were net proceeds from paydowns, maturities, sales and purchases of investment securities.
Financing activities
Cash provided by financing activities in 2017 resulted from:
higher wholesale deposits reflecting growth in client activity, partially offset by seasonal factors
higher consumer deposits reflecting the continuation of strong growth from existing and new customers, and low attrition rates
an increase in commercial paper due to higher issuance in the wholesale market, reflecting a change in the mix of funding from securities sold under repurchase agreements for CIB Markets activities
an increase in other borrowed funds driven by a change in the mix of funding from securities sold under repurchase agreements in CIB
Partially offsetting these inflows were net payments of long-term borrowings.
Cash provided by financing activities in 2016 resulted from:
an increase in consumer deposits reflecting the continued growth from new and existing customers, as well as the impact of low attrition rates
higher wholesale deposits reflecting growth in client activity in Treasury Services
an increase in securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements due to higher secured financing of investment securities in Treasury and CIO, and higher client-driven market-making activities in CIB
net proceeds from long-term borrowings.
For both periods, cash was used for repurchases of common stock and dividends on common and preferred stock.
For a further discussion of the activities affecting the Firm’s cash flows, see Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis on pages 11–12, Capital Risk Management on pages 42–48, and Liquidity Risk Management on pages 67–71 of this Form 10-Q, and pages 110–115 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.



13


OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
In the normal course of business, the Firm enters into various contractual obligations that may require future cash payments. Certain obligations are recognized on-balance sheet, while others are off-balance sheet under accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”). The Firm is involved with several types of off–balance sheet arrangements, including through nonconsolidated special-purpose entities (“SPEs”), which are a type of VIE, and through lending-related financial instruments (e.g., commitments and guarantees). For further discussion, see Note 19 of this Form 10-Q and Off–Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Cash Obligations on pages 45–46 and Note 29 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
Special-purpose entities
The most common type of VIE is an SPE. SPEs are commonly used in securitization transactions in order to isolate certain assets and distribute the cash flows from those assets to investors. SPEs are an important part of the financial markets, including the mortgage- and asset-backed securities and commercial paper markets, as they provide market liquidity by facilitating investors’ access to specific portfolios of assets and risks. The Firm holds capital, as deemed appropriate, against all SPE-related transactions and related exposures, such as derivative transactions and lending-related commitments and guarantees. For further information on the types of SPEs, see Note 13 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 1 and Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
Implications of a credit rating downgrade to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
For certain liquidity commitments to SPEs, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. could be required to provide funding if its short-term credit rating were downgraded below specific levels, primarily “P-1”, “A-1” and “F1” for Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”), Standard & Poor’s and Fitch, respectively. These liquidity commitments support the issuance of asset-backed commercial paper by Firm-administered consolidated SPEs. In the event of a short-term credit rating downgrade, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., absent other solutions, would be required to provide funding to the SPE if the commercial paper could not be reissued as it matured. The aggregate amounts of commercial paper outstanding held by third parties as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, was $2.9 billion and $2.7 billion, respectively. The aggregate amounts of commercial paper issued by these SPEs could increase in future periods should clients of the Firm-administered consolidated SPEs draw down on certain unfunded lending-related commitments. These unfunded lending-related commitments were $8.2 billion and $7.4 billion at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively. The Firm could facilitate the refinancing of some of the clients’ assets in order to reduce the funding obligation. For further
 
information, see the discussion of Firm-administered multiseller conduits in Note 13.
The Firm also acts as liquidity provider for certain municipal bond vehicles. The Firm’s obligation to perform as liquidity provider is conditional and is limited by certain termination events, which include bankruptcy or failure to pay by the municipal bond issuer and any credit enhancement provider, an event of taxability on the municipal bonds or the immediate downgrade of the municipal bond to below investment grade. See Note 13 for additional information.
Off–balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees, and other commitments
JPMorgan Chase provides lending-related financial instruments (e.g., commitments and guarantees) to meet the financing needs of its customers. The contractual amount of these financial instruments represents the maximum possible credit risk to the Firm should the counterparty draw upon the commitment or the Firm be required to fulfill its obligation under the guarantee, and should the counterparty subsequently fail to perform according to the terms of the contract. Most of these commitments and guarantees are refinanced, extended, cancelled, or expire without being drawn upon or a default occurring. As a result, the total contractual amount of these instruments is not, in the Firm’s view, representative of its expected future credit exposure or funding requirements. For further discussion of lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments, and the Firm’s accounting for them, see Lending-related commitments on page 61 and Note 19. For a discussion of liabilities associated with loan sales and securitization-related indemnifications, see Note 19.

14


EXPLANATION AND RECONCILIATION OF THE FIRM’S USE OF NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES AND KEY PERFORMANCE MEASURES
Non-GAAP financial measures
The Firm prepares its Consolidated Financial Statements using U.S. GAAP; these financial statements appear on pages 83–87. That presentation, which is referred to as “reported” basis, provides the reader with an understanding of the Firm’s results that can be tracked consistently from year-to-year and enables a comparison of the Firm’s performance with other companies’ U.S. GAAP financial statements.
In addition to analyzing the Firm’s results on a reported basis, management reviews Firmwide results, including the overhead ratio, on a “managed” basis; these Firmwide managed basis results are considered non-GAAP financial measures. The Firm also reviews the results of the lines of business on a managed basis. The Firm’s definition of managed basis starts, in each case, with the reported U.S. GAAP results and includes certain reclassifications to present total net revenue for the Firm (and each of the reportable business segments) on a FTE basis. Accordingly, revenue from investments that receive tax credits and tax-exempt securities is presented in the managed results on a basis comparable to taxable investments and securities. These financial measures allow management to assess the comparability of revenue from year-to-year arising from
 
both taxable and tax-exempt sources. The corresponding income tax impact related to tax-exempt items is recorded within income tax expense. These adjustments have no impact on net income as reported by the Firm as a whole or by the lines of business.
Management also uses certain non-GAAP financial measures at the Firm and business-segment level, because these other non-GAAP financial measures provide information to investors about the underlying operational performance and trends of the Firm or of the particular business segment, as the case may be, and, therefore, facilitate a comparison of the Firm or the business segment with the performance of its relevant competitors. For additional information on these non-GAAP measures, see Business Segment Results on pages 18–40.
Additionally, certain credit metrics and ratios disclosed by the Firm exclude PCI loans, and are therefore non-GAAP measures. For additional information on these non-GAAP measures, see Credit Risk Management on pages 49–65.
Non-GAAP financial measures used by the Firm may not be comparable to similarly named non-GAAP financial measures used by other companies.
The following summary table provides a reconciliation from the Firm’s reported U.S. GAAP results to managed basis.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
(in millions, except ratios)
Reported
results
 
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustments(a)
 
Managed
basis
 
Reported
results
 
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustments(a)
 
Managed
basis
Other income
$
1,472

 
$
596

 
 
$
2,068

 
$
1,261

 
$
529

 
 
$
1,790

Total noninterest revenue
13,262

 
596

 
 
13,858

 
13,033

 
529

 
 
13,562

Net interest income
12,208

 
339

 
 
12,547

 
11,347

 
305

 
 
11,652

Total net revenue
25,470

 
935

 
 
26,405

 
24,380

 
834

 
 
25,214

Pre-provision profit
10,964

 
935

 
 
11,899

 
10,742

 
834

 
 
11,576

Income before income tax expense
9,749

 
935

 
 
10,684

 
9,340

 
834

 
 
10,174

Income tax expense
$
2,720

 
$
935

 
 
$
3,655

 
$
3,140

 
$
834

 
 
$
3,974

Overhead ratio
57
%
 
NM

 
 
55
%
 
56
%
 
NM

 
 
54
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
(in millions, except ratios)
Reported
results
 
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustments(a)
 
Managed
basis
 
Reported
results
 
Fully taxable-equivalent adjustments(a)
 
Managed
basis
Other income
$
2,242

 
$
1,178

 
 
$
3,420

 
$
2,062

 
$
1,080

 
 
$
3,142

Total noninterest revenue
25,873

 
1,178

 
 
27,051

 
24,892

 
1,080

 
 
25,972

Net interest income
24,272

 
668

 
 
24,940

 
22,727

 
598

 
 
23,325

Total net revenue
50,145

 
1,846

 
 
51,991

 
47,619

 
1,678

 
 
49,297

Pre-provision profit
20,620

 
1,846

 
 
22,466

 
20,144

 
1,678

 
 
21,822

Income before income tax expense
18,090

 
1,846

 
 
19,936

 
16,918

 
1,678

 
 
18,596

Income tax expense
$
4,613

 
$
1,846

 
 
$
6,459

 
$
5,198

 
$
1,678

 
 
$
6,876

Overhead ratio
59
%
 
NM

 
 
57
%
 
58
%
 
NM

 
 
56
%
(a) Predominantly recognized in CIB and CB business segments and Corporate.

15


Net interest income excluding CIB’s Markets businesses
In addition to reviewing net interest income on a managed basis, management also reviews net interest income excluding net interest income arising from CIB’s Markets businesses to assess the performance of the Firm’s lending, investing (including asset-liability management) and deposit-raising activities. This net interest income is referred to as non-markets related net interest income. CIB’s Markets businesses represent both Fixed Income Markets and Equity Markets. Management believes that disclosure of non-markets related net interest income
 
provides investors and analysts with another measure by which to analyze the non-markets-related business trends of the Firm and provides a comparable measure to other financial institutions that are primarily focused on lending, investing and deposit-raising activities.
The data presented below are non-GAAP financial measures due to the exclusion of markets related net interest income arising from CIB.

(in millions, except rates)
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
2017

2016

 
Change

 
2017
2016
 
Change
Net interest income – managed basis(a)(b)
$
12,547

$
11,652

 
8
 %
 
$
24,940

$
23,325

 
7
 %
Less: CIB Markets net interest income(c)
1,075

1,579

 
(32
)
 
2,439

3,078

 
(21
)
Net interest income excluding CIB Markets(a)
$
11,472

$
10,073

 
14

 
$
22,501

$
20,247

 
11

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average interest-earning assets
$
2,177,109

$
2,079,525

 
5

 
$
2,169,055

$
2,061,754

 
5

Less: Average CIB Markets interest-earning assets(c)
537,263

522,321

 
3

 
530,051

519,054

 
2

Average interest-earning assets excluding CIB Markets
$
1,639,846

$
1,557,204

 
5
 %
 
$
1,639,004

$
1,542,700

 
6
 %
Net interest yield on average interest-earning assets – managed basis
2.31%

2.25
%
 
 
 
2.32
%
2.28
%
 
 
Net interest yield on average CIB Markets interest-earning assets(c)
0.80

1.22

 
 
 
0.93

1.19

 
 
Net interest yield on average interest-earning assets excluding
CIB Markets
2.81%

2.60
%
 
 
 
2.77
%
2.64
%
 
 
(a)
Interest includes the effect of related hedges. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable.
(b)
For a reconciliation of net interest income on a reported and managed basis, see reconciliation from the Firm’s reported U.S. GAAP results to managed basis on page 15.
(c)
The prior period amounts were revised to align with CIB’s Markets businesses. For further information on CIB’s Markets businesses, see page 29.

16


Tangible common equity, ROTCE and TBVPS
Tangible common equity (“TCE”), ROTCE and TBVPS are each non-GAAP financial measures. TCE represents the Firm’s common stockholders’ equity (i.e., total stockholders’ equity less preferred stock) less goodwill and identifiable intangible assets (other than MSRs), net of related deferred tax liabilities. ROTCE measures the Firm’s net income
 
applicable to common equity as a percentage of average TCE. TBVPS represents the Firm’s TCE at period-end divided by common shares at period-end. TCE, ROTCE, and TBVPS are utilized by the Firm, as well as investors and analysts, in assessing the Firm’s use of equity.
The following summary table provides a reconciliation from the Firm’s common stockholders’ equity to TCE.
 
Period-end
 
Average
(in millions, except per share and ratio data)
Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016

 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

Common stockholders’ equity
$
232,415

$
228,122

 
$
230,200

$
224,429

 
$
228,959

$
222,995

Less: Goodwill
47,300

47,288

 
47,290

47,309

 
47,292

47,320

Less: Certain identifiable intangible assets
827

862

 
838

928

 
845

957

Add: Deferred tax liabilities(a)
3,252

3,230

 
3,239

3,213

 
3,234

3,195

Tangible common equity
$
187,540

$
183,202

 
$
185,311

$
179,405

 
$
184,056

$
177,913

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on tangible common equity
NA

NA

 
14
%
13
%
 
14
%
12
%
Tangible book value per share
$
53.29

$
51.44

 
NA
NA
 
NA
NA
(a)
Represents deferred tax liabilities related to tax-deductible goodwill and to identifiable intangibles created in nontaxable transactions, which are netted against goodwill and other intangibles when calculating TCE.
Key performance measures
The Firm considers the following to be key regulatory capital measures:
Capital, risk-weighted assets (“RWA”), and capital and leverage ratios presented under Basel III Standardized and Advanced Fully Phased-In rules and
SLR calculated under Basel III Advanced Fully Phased-In rules.
The Firm, as well as banking regulators, investors and analysts use these measures to assess the Firm’s regulatory capital position and to compare the Firm’s regulatory capital to that of other financial services companies.
For additional information on these measures, see Capital Risk Management on pages 42–48.
 
Core loans are also considered a key performance measure. Core loans represent loans considered central to the Firm’s ongoing businesses; and exclude loans classified as trading assets, runoff portfolios, discontinued portfolios and portfolios the Firm has an intent to exit. Core loans is a measure utilized by the Firm and its investors and analysts in assessing actual growth in the loan portfolio.

17


BUSINESS SEGMENT RESULTS
The Firm is managed on a line of business basis. There are four major reportable business segments – Consumer & Community Banking, Corporate & Investment Bank, Commercial Banking and Asset & Wealth Management. In addition, there is a Corporate segment.
The business segments are determined based on the products and services provided, or the type of customer served, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by management. Results of these lines of business are presented on a managed basis. For a definition of managed basis, see Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Measures on pages 15–17.
Description of business segment reporting methodology
Results of the business segments are intended to reflect each segment as if it were a stand-alone business. The management reporting process that derives business segment results allocates income and expense using market-based methodologies. For further information about line of business capital, see Line of business equity
on page 46.
The Firm periodically assesses the assumptions, methodologies and reporting classifications used for segment reporting, and further refinements may be implemented in future periods.
 
Business segment capital allocation changes
The amount of capital assigned to each business is referred to as equity. On at least an annual basis, the Firm assesses the level of capital required for each line of business as well as the assumptions and methodologies used to allocate capital. Through the end of 2016, capital was allocated to the lines of business based on a single measure, Basel III Advanced Fully Phased-In RWA. Effective January 1, 2017, the Firm’s methodology used to allocate capital to the business segments was updated. Under the new methodology, capital is no longer allocated to each line of business for goodwill and other intangibles associated with acquisitions effected by the line of business. In addition, the new methodology incorporates Basel III Standardized Fully Phased-In RWA (as well as Basel III Advanced Fully Phased-In RWA), leverage, the global systemically important banks (“GSIB”) surcharge, and a simulation of capital in a severe stress environment. The methodology will continue to be weighted towards Basel III Advanced Fully Phased-In RWA because the Firm believes it to be the best proxy for economic risk.
For a further discussion of those methodologies, see Business Segment Results – Description of business segment reporting methodology on pages 51–52 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.

18


The following discussions of the business segment results are based on a comparison of the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 versus the corresponding period in the prior year, unless otherwise specified.
Segment results – managed basis
The following tables summarize the business segment results for the periods indicated.
Three months ended June 30,
Total net revenue
 
Total noninterest expense
 
Pre-provision profit/(loss)
(in millions)
2017

2016

Change

 
2017

2016

Change

 
2017

2016

Change

Consumer & Community Banking
$
11,412

$
11,451


 
$
6,500

$
6,004

8%

 
$
4,912

$
5,447

(10)%

Corporate & Investment Bank
8,889

9,165

(3
)
 
4,841

5,078

(5
)
 
4,048

4,087

(1
)
Commercial Banking
2,088

1,817

15

 
790

731

8

 
1,298

1,086

20

Asset & Wealth Management
3,212

2,939

9

 
2,192

2,098

4

 
1,020

841

21

Corporate
804

(158
)
NM

 
183

(273
)
NM
 
621

115

440

Total
$
26,405

$
25,214

5%

 
$
14,506

$
13,638

6%

 
$
11,899

$
11,576

3%

Three months ended June 30,
Provision for credit losses
 
 
Net income/(loss)
 
Return on equity
(in millions, except ratios)
2017

2016

Change

 
2017

2016

Change

 
2017

2016

Consumer & Community Banking
$
1,394

$
1,201

16

 
$
2,223

$
2,656

(16)%

 
17
%
20
%
Corporate & Investment Bank
(53
)
235

NM

 
2,710

2,493

9

 
15

15

Commercial Banking
(130
)
(25
)
(420
)
 
902

696

30

 
17

16

Asset & Wealth Management
4

(8
)
NM

 
624

521

20

 
27

22

Corporate

(1
)
100%

 
570

(166
)
NM

 
NM
NM
Total
$
1,215

$
1,402

(13)%

 
$
7,029

$
6,200

13%

 
12%

10
%
Six months ended June 30,
Total net revenue
 
Total noninterest expense
 
Pre-provision profit/(loss)
(in millions)
2017

2016

Change

 
2017

2016

Change
 
2017

2016

Change

Consumer & Community Banking
$
22,382

$
22,568

(1)%

 
$
12,895

$
12,092

7%
 
$
9,487

$
10,476

(9)%

Corporate & Investment Bank
18,425

17,300

7

 
9,962

9,886

1
 
8,463

7,414

14

Commercial Banking
4,106

3,620

13

 
1,615

1,444

12
 
2,491

2,176

14

Asset & Wealth Management
6,299

5,911

7

 
4,772

4,173

14
 
1,527

1,738

(12
)
Corporate
779

(102
)
NM

 
281

(120
)
NM
 
498

18

NM
Total
$
51,991

$
49,297

5%

 
$
29,525

$
27,475

7%
 
$
22,466

$
21,822

3%

Six months ended June 30,
Provision for credit losses
 
Net income/(loss)
 
Return on equity
(in millions, except ratios)
2017

2016

Change

 
2017

2016

Change

 
2017

2016

Consumer & Community Banking
$
2,824

$
2,251

25%

 
$
4,211

$
5,146

(18)%

 
16
%
19
%
Corporate & Investment Bank
(149
)
694

NM

 
5,951

4,472

33

 
16

13

Commercial Banking
(167
)
279

NM

 
1,701

1,192

43

 
16

14

Asset & Wealth Management
22

5

340

 
1,009

1,108

(9
)
 
22

24

Corporate

(3
)
100

 
605

(198
)
NM

 
NM
NM
Total
$
2,530

$
3,226

(22)%

 
$
13,477

$
11,720

15%

 
11%

10
%


19



CONSUMER & COMMUNITY BANKING
For a discussion of the business profile of CCB, see pages 53–57 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report and Line of Business Metrics on page 173.
Selected income statement data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
2017

 
2016

 
Change

 
2017

 
2016

 
Change

Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lending- and deposit-related fees
$
850

 
$
780

 
9
 %
 
$
1,662

 
$
1,549

 
7
 %
Asset management, administration and commissions
562

 
535

 
5

 
1,101

 
1,065

 
3

Mortgage fees and related income
401

 
689

 
(42
)
 
807

 
1,356

 
(40
)
Card income
1,061

 
1,253

 
(15
)
 
1,878

 
2,444

 
(23
)
All other income
810

 
881

 
(8
)
 
1,553

 
1,530

 
2

Noninterest revenue
3,684

 
4,138

 
(11
)
 
7,001

 
7,944

 
(12
)
Net interest income
7,728

 
7,313

 
6

 
15,381

 
14,624

 
5

Total net revenue
11,412

 
11,451

 

 
22,382

 
22,568

 
(1
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
1,394

 
1,201

 
16

 
2,824

 
2,251

 
25

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation expense
2,511

 
2,420

 
4

 
5,044

 
4,802

 
5

Noncompensation expense(a)
3,989

 
3,584

 
11

 
7,851

 
7,290

 
8

Total noninterest expense
6,500

 
6,004

 
8

 
12,895

 
12,092

 
7

Income before income tax expense
3,518

 
4,246

 
(17
)
 
6,663

 
8,225

 
(19
)
Income tax expense
1,295

 
1,590

 
(19
)
 
2,452

 
3,079

 
(20
)
Net income
$
2,223

 
$
2,656

 
(16
)
 
$
4,211

 
$
5,146

 
(18
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue by line of business
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer & Business Banking
$
5,233

 
$
4,616

 
13

 
$
10,139

 
$
9,166

 
11

Mortgage Banking
1,426

 
1,921

 
(26
)
 
2,955

 
3,797

 
(22
)
Card, Commerce Solutions & Auto
4,753

 
4,914

 
(3
)
 
9,288

 
9,605

 
(3
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage fees and related income details:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net production revenue
152

 
261

 
(42
)
 
293

 
423

 
(31
)
Net mortgage servicing revenue(b)
249

 
428

 
(42
)
 
514

 
933

 
(45
)
Mortgage fees and related income
$
401

 
$
689

 
(42
)%
 
$
807

 
$
1,356

 
(40
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial ratios
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on equity
17
%
 
20
%
 
 
 
16
%
 
19
%
 
 
Overhead ratio
57

 
52

 
 
 
58

 
54

 
 
Note: In the discussion and the tables which follow, CCB presents certain financial measures which exclude the impact of PCI loans; these are non-GAAP financial measures.
(a)
Included operating lease depreciation expense of $638 million and $460 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $1.2 billion and $892 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
(b)
Included MSR risk management of $(57) million and $73 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $(109) million and $202 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

20



Quarterly results
Net income was $2.2 billion, a decrease of 16%, driven by higher noninterest expense and provision for credit losses.
Net revenue was $11.4 billion, flat compared to prior year.
Net interest income was $7.7 billion, up 6%, driven by higher deposit balances, deposit margin expansion and higher loan balances in Card, partially offset by the impact of higher rates resulting in higher funding costs and an adjustment for capitalized interest on modified loans, both in Mortgage Banking.
Noninterest revenue was $3.7 billion, down 11%, driven by higher new account origination costs in Card, the absence of a gain on the sale of Visa Europe interests in the current year, lower MSR risk management results and net production revenue reflecting lower mortgage production margins. These factors were largely offset by higher auto lease volume, higher card- and deposit-related fees and the absence of fair-value losses on the investment in Square, Inc. in the current year. See Note 14 for further information regarding changes in value of the MSR asset and related hedges, and mortgage fees and related income.
Noninterest expense was $6.5 billion, an increase of 8%, driven by higher auto lease depreciation, continued business growth and investments in marketing.
The provision for credit losses was $1.4 billion, an increase of 16% from the prior year. The increase in the provision was driven by $118 million of higher net charge-offs, predominantly in the credit card portfolio, and a $75 million higher addition to the allowance for credit losses when compared to the prior year.
Current quarter results included:
a $350 million addition to the allowance for credit losses in the credit card portfolio, due to loan growth and higher loss rates, compared to a $250 million addition in the prior year;
a $50 million addition to the allowance for credit losses in the business banking portfolio; and
a $25 million addition to the allowance for credit losses in the auto portfolio, compared to a $50 million addition in the prior year;
the additions were partially offset by
a $175 million reduction in the allowance for credit losses in the residential real estate portfolio, reflecting continued improvement in home prices and delinquencies, compared to a $100 million reduction in the prior year.
The Firm transferred the student loan portfolio to held-for-sale in the first quarter of 2017. The Firm sold substantially all of the portfolio in the second quarter of 2017, and such sale did not have a material impact on the Firm’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

 
Year-to-date results
Net income was $4.2 billion, a decrease of 18%, driven by higher noninterest expense and provision for credit losses.
Net revenue was $22.4 billion, a decrease of 1%.
Net interest income was $15.4 billion, up 5%, driven by higher deposit balances, higher loan balances in Card and deposit margin expansion, partially offset by the impact of higher rates resulting in higher funding costs and an adjustment for capitalized interest on modified loans, both in Mortgage Banking.
Noninterest revenue was $7.0 billion, down 12%, driven by higher new account origination costs in Card, the absence of a gain on the sale of Visa Europe interests in the current year and lower MSR risk management results, partially offset by higher auto lease volume and higher card- and deposit-related fees.
Noninterest expense was $12.9 billion, an increase of 7%, driven by higher auto lease depreciation, continued business growth and investments in marketing.
The provision for credit losses was $2.8 billion, an increase of 25% from the prior year, driven by $280 million higher net charge-offs, predominantly in the credit card portfolio, and a $75 million higher addition to the allowance for credit losses when compared to the prior year, (both drivers exclude the impact of the student loan portfolio transfer).
Current year results included:
a $350 million addition to the allowance for credit losses in the credit card portfolio, due to loan growth and higher loss rates, compared to a $250 million addition in the prior year;
a $50 million addition to the allowance for credit losses in the business banking portfolio; and
a $25 million addition to the allowance for credit losses in the auto portfolio, compared to a $50 million addition in the prior year;
the additions were partially offset by
a $175 million reduction in the allowance for credit losses in the residential real estate portfolio, reflecting continued improvement in home prices and delinquencies, compared to a $100 million reduction in the prior year.
In addition, there was an increase to the provision related to the first quarter transfer of the student loan portfolio to held-for-sale, resulting in a write-down of the portfolio to the estimated fair value at the time of transfer. This write-down was recognized predominantly as a $467 million charge-off, resulting in a $218 million increase in the provision for credit losses after utilization of the allowance for loan losses of $249 million.




21





 

Selected metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except headcount)
2017

 
2016

 
Change

 
2017

 
2016

 
Change

Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
529,859

 
$
519,187

 
2
 %
 
$
529,859

 
$
519,187

 
2
 %
Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer & Business Banking
25,044

 
23,588

 
6

 
25,044

 
23,588

 
6

Home equity
46,330

 
54,569

 
(15
)
 
46,330

 
54,569

 
(15
)
Residential mortgage
189,661

 
178,670

 
6

 
189,661

 
178,670

 
6

Mortgage Banking
235,991

 
233,239

 
1

 
235,991

 
233,239

 
1

Card
140,141

 
131,591

 
6

 
140,141

 
131,591

 
6

Auto
65,627

 
64,056

 
2

 
65,627

 
64,056

 
2

Student
75

 
7,614

 
(99
)
 
75

 
7,614

 
(99
)
Total loans
466,878

 
460,088

 
1

 
466,878

 
460,088

 
1

Core loans
393,639

 
364,007

 
8

 
393,639

 
364,007

 
8

Deposits
648,369

 
586,074

 
11

 
648,369

 
586,074

 
11

Equity
51,000

 
51,000

 

 
51,000

 
51,000

 

Selected balance sheet data (average)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
528,598

 
$
512,434

 
3

 
$
530,338

 
$
507,833

 
4

Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer & Business Banking
24,725

 
23,223

 
6

 
24,543

 
22,998

 
7

Home equity
47,339

 
55,615

 
(15
)
 
48,303

 
56,666

 
(15
)
Residential mortgage
187,201

 
175,753

 
7

 
185,489

 
172,224

 
8

Mortgage Banking
234,540

 
231,368

 
1

 
233,792

 
228,890

 
2

Card
138,132

 
128,396

 
8

 
137,674

 
127,848

 
8

Auto
65,474

 
63,661

 
3

 
65,395

 
62,456

 
5

Student
4,642

 
7,757

 
(40
)
 
5,772

 
7,896

 
(27
)
Total loans
467,513

 
454,405

 
3

 
467,176

 
450,088

 
4

Core loans
387,783

 
356,380

 
9

 
384,419

 
350,042

 
10

Deposits
639,873

 
583,115

 
10

 
631,441

 
572,699

 
10

Equity
51,000

 
51,000

 

 
51,000

 
51,000

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Headcount
135,453

 
131,815

 
3%

 
135,453

 
131,815

 
3
 %



22



Selected metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratio data)
2017


2016

 
Change

 
2017
 
2016
 
Change

Credit data and quality statistics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonaccrual loans(a)(b)
$
4,124


$
4,980


(17
)%

$
4,124


$
4,980


(17
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)(c)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer & Business Banking
56

 
53

 
6

 
113

 
109

 
4

Home equity
7

 
35

 
(80
)
 
54

 
94

 
(43
)
Residential mortgage
(4
)
 
3

 
NM

 
(1
)
 
4

 
NM

Mortgage Banking
3

 
38

 
(92
)
 
53

 
98

 
(46
)
Card
1,037

 
860

 
21

 
2,030

 
1,690

 
20

Auto
48

 
46

 
4

 
129

 
113

 
14

Student

 
29

 
NM

 
498

(h) 
66

 
NM

Total net charge-offs/(recoveries)
$
1,144

 
$
1,026

 
12

 
$
2,823

(h) 
$
2,076

 
36

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate(c)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer & Business Banking
0.91
 %
 
0.92
%
 
 
 
0.93
%
 
0.95
%
 
 
Home equity(d)
0.08

 
0.34

 
 
 
0.30

 
0.45

 
 
Residential mortgage(d)
(0.01
)
 
0.01

 
 
 

 
0.01

 
 
Mortgage Banking(d)
0.01

 
0.08

 
 
 
0.05

 
0.10

 
 
Card
3.01

 
2.70

 
 
 
2.98

 
2.66

 
 
Auto
0.29

 
0.29

 
 
 
0.40

 
0.36

 
 
Student

 
1.50

 
 
 
NM

 
1.68

 
 
Total net charge-off/(recovery) rate(d)
1.07

 
0.99

 
 
 
1.32

(h) 
1.02

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30+ day delinquency rate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage Banking(e)(f)
1.02
%
 
1.33
%
 
 
 
1.02
%
 
1.33
%
 
 
Card
1.59

 
1.40

 
 
 
1.59

 
1.40

 
 
Auto
0.88

 
1.16

 
 
 
0.88

 
1.16

 
 
Student(g)

 
1.43

 
 
 

 
1.43

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
90+ day delinquency rate — Card
0.80

 
0.70

 
 
 
0.80

 
0.70

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer & Business Banking
$
796

 
$
703

 
13

 
$
796

 
$
703

 
13

Mortgage Banking, excluding PCI loans
1,153

 
1,488

 
(23
)
 
1,153

 
1,488

 
(23
)
Mortgage Banking — PCI loans(c)
2,265

 
2,654

 
(15
)
 
2,265

 
2,654

 
(15
)
Card
4,384

 
3,684

 
19

 
4,384

 
3,684

 
19

Auto
499

 
449

 
11

 
499

 
449

 
11

Student

 
274

 
NM

 

 
274

 
NM

Total allowance for loan losses(c)
$
9,097

 
$
9,252

 
(2)%

 
$
9,097

 
$
9,252

 
(2)%

(a)
Excludes PCI loans. The Firm is recognizing interest income on each pool of PCI loans as they are all performing.
(b)
At June 30, 2017 and 2016, nonaccrual loans excluded loans 90 or more days past due as follows: (1) mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $4.1 billion and $5.2 billion, respectively; and (2) student loans insured by U.S. government agencies under the Federal Family Education Loan Program (“FFELP”) of $24 million and $252 million, respectively. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.
(c)
Net charge-offs/(recoveries) and the net charge-off/(recovery) rates for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, excluded $22 million and $41 million, respectively, and for six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, excluded $46 million and $88 million, respectively, of write-offs in the PCI portfolio. These write-offs decreased the allowance for loan losses for PCI loans. For further information on PCI write-offs, see summary of changes in the allowances on page 64.
(d)
Excludes the impact of PCI loans. For the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the net charge-off/(recovery) rates including the impact of PCI loans were as follows: (1) home equity of 0.06% and 0.25%, respectively; (2) residential mortgage of (0.01)% and 0.01%, respectively; (3) Mortgage Banking of 0.01% and 0.07%, respectively; and (4) total CCB of 0.99% and 0.91%, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the net charge-off/(recovery) rates including the impact of PCI loans were as follows: (1) home equity of 0.23% and 0.33%, respectively; (2) residential mortgage of -% for both periods; (3) Mortgage Banking of 0.05% and 0.09%, respectively; and (4) total CCB of 1.23% and 0.93%, respectively.
(e)
At June 30, 2017 and 2016, excluded mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $6.0 billion and $7.2 billion, respectively, that are 30 or more days past due. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.
(f)
Excludes PCI loans. The 30+ day delinquency rate for PCI loans was 9.06% and 10.09% at June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
(g)
Excluded student loans insured by U.S. government agencies under FFELP of $458 million at June 30, 2016, that are 30 or more days past due. This amount has been excluded based upon the government guarantee.
(h)
Excluding net charge-offs of $467 million related to the student loan portfolio transfer in the first quarter of 2017, the total net charge-off rate for the six months ended June 30, 2017 would have been 1.10%.

23



Selected metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in billions, except ratios and where otherwise noted)
2017

 
2016

 
Change

 
2017

 
2016

 
Change

Business Metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CCB households (in millions)
60.7

 
59.2

 
3
 %
 
60.7

 
59.2

 
3
 %
Number of branches
5,217

 
5,366

 
(3
)
 
5,217

 
5,366

 
(3
)
Active digital customers
(in thousands)(a)
45,876

 
42,833

 
7

 
45,876

 
42,833

 
7

Active mobile customers
(in thousands)(b)
28,386

 
24,817

 
14

 
28,386

 
24,817

 
14

Debit and credit card sales volume
$
230.1


$
204.6


12

 
$
438.5


$
391.8

 
12

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer & Business Banking
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average deposits
$
625.4

 
$
567.4

 
10

 
$
617.3

 
$
557.9

 
11

Deposit margin
1.96
%
 
1.80
%
 
 
 
1.92
%
 
1.83
%
 
 
Business banking origination volume
$
2.2

 
$
2.2

 

 
$
3.9

 
$
3.9

 
1

Client investment assets
253.0

 
224.7

 
13

 
253.0

 
224.7

 
13

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage Banking
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage origination volume by channel
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retail
$
9.7

 
$
11.2

 
(13
)
 
$
18.7

 
$
19.9

 
(6
)
Correspondent
14.2

 
13.8

 
3

 
27.6

 
27.5

 

Total mortgage origination volume(c)
$
23.9

 
$
25.0

 
(4
)
 
$
46.3

 
$
47.4

 
(2
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total loans serviced (period-end)
$
827.8

 
$
880.3

 
(6
)
 
$
827.8

 
$
880.3

 
(6
)
Third-party mortgage loans serviced (period-end)
568.0

 
629.9

 
(10
)
 
568.0

 
629.9

 
(10
)
MSR carrying value (period-end)
5.8

 
5.1

 
14

 
5.8

 
5.1

 
14

Ratio of MSR carrying value (period-end) to third-party mortgage loans serviced (period-end)
1.02
%
 
0.81
%
 
 
 
1.02
%
 
0.81
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
MSR revenue multiple(d)
2.91
x
 
2.31
x
 
 
 
2.91
x
 
2.31
x
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Card, excluding Commercial Card
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit card sales volume
$
156.8

 
$
136.0

 
15

 
$
296.5

 
$
257.7

 
15

New accounts opened (in millions)
2.1

 
2.7

 
(22
)
 
4.6

 
5.0

 
(8
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Card Services
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net revenue rate
10.53
%
 
12.28
%
 
 
 
10.34
%
 
12.04
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commerce Solutions
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Merchant processing volume
$
294.4

 
$
263.8

 
12

 
$
568.7

 
$
511.3

 
11

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Auto
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan and lease origination volume
$
8.3

 
$
8.5

 
(2
)
 
$
16.3

 
$
18.1

 
(10
)
Average Auto operating lease assets
14.7

 
10.4

 
41%

 
14.2

 
10.0

 
42%

(a)
Users of all web and/or mobile platforms who have logged in within the past 90 days.
(b)
Users of all mobile platforms who have logged in within the past 90 days.
(c)
Firmwide mortgage origination volume was $26.2 billion and $28.6 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $51.8 billion and $53.0 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
(d)
Represents the ratio of MSR carrying value (period-end) to third-party mortgage loans serviced (period-end) divided by the ratio of annualized loan servicing-related revenue to third-party mortgage loans serviced (average).


24


CORPORATE & INVESTMENT BANK
For a discussion of the business profile of CIB, see pages 58–62 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report and Line of Business Metrics on page 173.
Selected income statement data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
2017
 
2016
 
Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment banking fees
$
1,803

 
$
1,636

 
10
 %
 
$
3,615

 
$
2,957

 
22
 %
Principal transactions
2,928

 
2,965

 
(1
)
 
6,435

 
5,435

 
18

Lending- and deposit-related fees
387

 
385

 
1

 
775

 
779

 
(1
)
Asset management, administration and commissions
1,068

 
1,025

 
4

 
2,120

 
2,094

 
1

All other income
258

 
464

 
(44
)
 
435

 
744

 
(42
)
Noninterest revenue
6,444

 
6,475

 

 
13,380

 
12,009

 
11

Net interest income
2,445

 
2,690

 
(9
)
 
5,045

 
5,291

 
(5
)
Total net revenue(a)
8,889

 
9,165

 
(3
)
 
18,425

 
17,300

 
7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
(53
)
 
235

 
NM
 
(149
)
 
694

 
NM
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation expense
2,451

 
2,737

 
(10
)
 
5,251

 
5,337

 
(2
)
Noncompensation expense
2,390

 
2,341

 
2

 
4,711

 
4,549

 
4

Total noninterest expense
4,841

 
5,078

 
(5
)
 
9,962

 
9,886

 
1

Income before income tax expense
4,101

 
3,852

 
6

 
8,612

 
6,720

 
28

Income tax expense
1,391

 
1,359

 
2

 
2,661

 
2,248

 
18

Net income
$
2,710

 
$
2,493

 
9%

 
$
5,951

 
$
4,472

 
33
 %
Financial ratios
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on equity
15
%
 
15
%
 
 
 
16
%
 
13
%
 
 
Overhead ratio
54

 
55

 
 
 
54

 
57

 
 
Compensation to revenue ratio
28

 
30

 
 
 
28

 
31

 
 
(a)
Included tax-equivalent adjustments, predominantly due to income tax credits related to alternative energy investments; income tax credits and amortization of the cost of investments in affordable housing projects; and tax-exempt income from municipal bonds of $554 million and $476 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $1.1 billion and $974 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Selected income statement data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2017
 
2016
 
Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Revenue by business
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment Banking
$
1,695

 
$
1,492

 
14%

 
$
3,346

 
$
2,723

 
23
 %
Treasury Services
1,055

 
892

 
18

 
2,036

 
1,776

 
15

Lending
373

 
277

 
35

 
762

 
579

 
32

Total Banking
3,123

 
2,661

 
17

 
6,144

 
5,078

 
21

Fixed Income Markets
3,216

 
3,959

 
(19
)
 
7,431

 
7,556

 
(2
)
Equity Markets
1,586

 
1,600

 
(1
)
 
3,192

 
3,176

 
1

Securities Services
982

 
907

 
8

 
1,898

 
1,788

 
6

Credit Adjustments & Other(a)
(18
)
 
38

 
NM
 
(240
)
 
(298
)
 
19

Total Markets & Investor Services
5,766

 
6,504

 
(11
)
 
12,281

 
12,222

 

Total net revenue
$
8,889

 
$
9,165

 
(3
)%
 
$
18,425

 
$
17,300

 
7%

(a)
Consists primarily of credit valuation adjustments (“CVA”) managed centrally within CIB, funding valuation adjustments (“FVA”) and debit valuation adjustments (“DVA”) on derivatives. Results are primarily reported in principal transactions revenue. Results are presented net of associated hedging activities and net of CVA and FVA amounts allocated to Fixed Income Markets and Equity Markets. For additional information, see Accounting and Reporting Developments on pages 80–81, and Notes 2, 3 and 17.



25


Quarterly results
Net income was $2.7 billion, up 9%, reflecting a lower provision for credit losses and lower noninterest expense on lower net revenue.
Net revenue was $8.9 billion, down 3%.
Banking revenue was $3.1 billion, up 17%. Investment banking revenue was $1.7 billion, up 14%, with strong performance across products. The Firm maintained its #1 ranking for Global Investment Banking fees, according to Dealogic. Equity underwriting fees were $367 million, up 29%, driven by growth in industry-wide issuance including a strong IPO market. Debt underwriting fees were $933 million, up 5%, driven by a higher share of fees. Advisory fees were $503 million, up 8%, driven by a higher level of completed transactions. Treasury Services revenue was $1.1 billion, up 18%, driven by the impact of higher interest rates and growth in operating deposits. Lending revenue was $373 million, up 35%, reflecting lower fair value losses on hedges of accrual loans.
Markets & Investor Services revenue was $5.8 billion, down 11%. Fixed Income Markets revenue was $3.2 billion, down 19% compared to a strong prior-year quarter, predominantly driven by lower revenue in Rates, Credit, and Commodities. These declines were due to reduced flows driven by sustained low volatility and tighter credit spreads. Equity Markets revenue was $1.6 billion, down 1% compared to a strong prior-year quarter, driven by lower revenue in other derivatives related to market-making activities offset by higher revenue in corporate derivatives and Prime Services. Securities Services revenue was $982 million, up 8%, driven by the impact of higher interest rates and higher asset-based fees driven by global markets.
The provision for credit losses was a benefit of $53 million compared with an expense of $235 million in the prior year. The prior year primarily reflected an increase in the allowance for credit losses in the Oil & Gas portfolio.
Noninterest expense was $4.8 billion, down 5%, driven by lower performance-based compensation expense.




 
Year-to-date results
Net income was $6.0 billion, up 33%, reflecting higher net revenue, lower provision for credit losses and a tax benefit resulting from the vesting of employee-based stock awards.
Net revenue was $18.4 billion, up 7%.
Banking revenue was $6.1 billion, up 21%. Investment banking revenue was $3.3 billion, up 23%, driven by higher debt and equity underwriting fees, partially offset by lower advisory fees. The Firm maintained its #1 ranking for Global Investment Banking fees, according to Dealogic. Debt underwriting fees were $1.9 billion, up 31%, driven by a higher share of fees and overall increase in industry-wide fee levels. Equity underwriting fees were $761 million, up 55%, driven by growth in industry-wide issuance including a stronger IPO market. Advisory fees were $1.0 billion, down 4%. Treasury Services revenue was $2.0 billion, up 15%, driven by the impact of higher interest rates and growth in operating deposits. Lending revenue was $762 million, up 32%, reflecting lower fair value losses on hedges of accrual loans and higher gains on securities received from restructurings.
Markets & Investor Services revenue was $12.3 billion, flat compared with the prior year. Fixed Income Markets revenue was $7.4 billion, down 2% from the prior year, driven by lower revenue in Commodities, Rates, and Credit, partially offset by higher revenue in Securitized Products. The lower revenue in Commodities, Rates, and Credit reflected reduced flows driven by low volatility in the second quarter, while higher revenue in Securitized Products was driven by strong demand in the first quarter. Equity Markets revenue was $3.2 billion, up 1%, driven by higher revenue in corporate derivatives and Prime Services offset by lower revenue from other derivatives related to market-making activities. Securities Services revenue was $1.9 billion, up 6%, driven by the impact of higher interest rates and higher asset-based fees driven by global markets. Credit Adjustments & Other was a loss of $240 million, largely driven by valuation adjustments.
The provision for credit losses was a benefit of $149 million compared with an expense of $694 million in the prior year. The prior year primarily reflected increases in the allowance for credit losses in the Oil & Gas and Metals & Mining portfolios.
Noninterest expense was $10.0 billion, up 1%.

26


Selected metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except headcount)
2017
 
2016
 
Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
$
847,377

 
$
826,019

 
3
 %
 
$
847,377

 
$
826,019

 
3
 %
Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans retained(a)
108,935

 
112,637

 
(3
)
 
108,935

 
112,637

 
(3
)
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
7,168

 
5,600

 
28

 
7,168

 
5,600

 
28

Total loans
116,103

 
118,237

 
(2
)
 
116,103

 
118,237

 
(2
)
Core loans
115,764

 
117,821

 
(2
)
 
115,764

 
117,821

 
(2
)
Equity
70,000

 
64,000

 
9

 
70,000

 
64,000

 
9

Selected balance sheet data (average)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
$
864,686

 
$
815,886

 
6

 
$
851,425

 
$
806,717

 
6

Trading assets-debt and equity instruments
351,678

 
306,418

 
15

 
340,073

 
295,770

 
15

Trading assets-derivative receivables
54,937

 
61,457

 
(11
)
 
56,931

 
62,007

 
(8
)
Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans retained(a)
110,011

 
111,668

 
(1
)
 
109,204

 
110,190

 
(1
)
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
5,789

 
3,169

 
83

 
5,550

 
3,187

 
74

Total loans
115,800

 
114,837

 
1

 
114,754

 
113,377

 
1

Core loans
115,434

 
114,421

 
1

 
114,375

 
112,919

 
1

Equity
70,000

 
64,000

 
9

 
70,000

 
64,000

 
9

Headcount
49,228

 
48,805

 
1%

 
49,228

 
48,805

 
1%

(a)
Loans retained includes credit portfolio loans, loans held by consolidated Firm-administered multi-seller conduits, trade finance loans, other held-for-investment loans and overdrafts.
Selected metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
2017
 
2016
 
Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Credit data and quality statistics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
$
47

 
$
90

 
(48)%

 
$
29

 
$
136

 
(79
)%
Nonperforming assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonaccrual loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonaccrual loans retained(a)
462

 
623

 
(26)%

 
462

 
623

 
(26
)
Nonaccrual loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
31

 
7

 
343

 
31

 
7

 
343

Total nonaccrual loans
493

 
630

 
(22
)
 
493

 
630

 
(22
)
Derivative receivables
170

 
220

 
(23
)
 
170

 
220

 
(23
)
Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
71

 
75

 
(5
)
 
71

 
75

 
(5
)
Total nonperforming assets
734

 
925

 
(21
)
 
734

 
925

 
(21
)
Allowance for credit losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses
1,298

 
1,669

 
(22
)
 
1,298

 
1,669

 
(22
)
Allowance for lending-related commitments
745

 
715

 
4

 
745

 
715

 
4

Total allowance for credit losses
2,043

 
2,384

 
(14)%

 
2,043

 
2,384

 
(14)%

Net charge-off/(recovery) rate(b)
0.17%

 
0.32
%
 
 
 
0.05%

 
0.25
%
 
 
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained
1.19

 
1.48

 
 
 
1.19

 
1.48

 
 
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained, excluding trade finance and conduits(c)
1.83

 
2.23

 
 
 
1.83

 
2.23

 
 
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans retained(a)
281

 
268

 
 
 
281

 
268

 
 
Nonaccrual loans to total period-end loans
0.42
%
 
0.53
%
 
 
 
0.42
%
 
0.53
%
 
 
(a)
Allowance for loan losses of $164 million and $211 million were held against these nonaccrual loans at June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
(b)
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value were excluded when calculating the net charge-off/(recovery) rate.
(c)
Management uses allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained, excluding trade finance and conduits, a non-GAAP financial measure, to provide a more meaningful assessment of CIB’s allowance coverage ratio.


27


Investment banking fees
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2017
 
2016
 
Change
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Advisory
$
503

 
$
466

 
8%

 
$
1,004

 
$
1,051

 
(4)%

Equity underwriting
367

 
285

 
29

 
761

 
490

 
55

Debt underwriting(a)
933

 
885

 
5

 
1,850

 
1,416

 
31

Total investment banking fees
$
1,803

 
$
1,636

 
10%

 
$
3,615

 
$
2,957

 
22%

(a)
Includes loans syndication.
League table results – wallet share
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30, 2017
 
Full-year 2016
 
Rank
Share
 
Rank
Share
Based on fees(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt, equity and equity-related
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Global
#
1

 
7.6%
 
#
1

 
7.1%
U.S.
1

 
11.1
 
1

 
11.9
Long-term debt(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Global
1

 
7.7
 
1

 
6.8
U.S.
2

 
10.8
 
2

 
11.1
Equity and equity-related(c)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Global
1

 
7.4
 
1

 
7.6
U.S.
1

 
11.6
 
1

 
13.4
M&A(d)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Global
2

 
8.6
 
2

 
8.4
U.S.
2

 
9.1
 
2

 
9.9
Loan syndications
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Global
1

 
9.6
 
1

 
9.3
U.S.
1

 
12.0
 
2

 
11.8
Global investment banking fees(e)
#
1

 
8.3%
 
#
1

 
8.0%
(a)
Source: Dealogic as of July 2, 2017. Reflects the ranking of revenue wallet and market share.
(b)
Long-term debt rankings include investment-grade, high-yield, supranationals, sovereigns, agencies, covered bonds, asset-backed securities (“ABS”) and mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”); and exclude money market, short-term debt, and U.S. municipal securities.
(c)
Global equity and equity-related ranking includes rights offerings and Chinese A-Shares.
(d)
Global M&A reflect the removal of any withdrawn transactions. U.S. M&A revenue wallet represents wallet from client parents based in the U.S.
(e)
Global investment banking fees exclude money market, short-term debt and shelf deals.


28


Markets revenue
The following table summarizes select income statement data for the Markets businesses. Markets includes both Fixed Income Markets and Equity Markets. Markets revenue comprises principal transactions, fees, commissions and other income, as well as net interest income. The Firm assesses its Markets business performance on a total revenue basis, as offsets may occur across revenue line items. For example, securities that generate net interest income may be risk-managed by derivatives that are recorded in principal transactions. For a description of the composition of these income statement line items, see Notes 5 and 6.
Principal transactions reflects revenue on financial instruments and commodities transactions that arise from client-driven market making activity. Principal transactions revenue includes amounts recognized upon executing new transactions with market participants, as well as “inventory-related revenue”, which is revenue recognized from gains and losses on derivatives and other instruments that the
 
Firm has been holding in anticipation of, or in response to, client demand, and changes in the fair value of instruments used by the Firm to actively manage the risk exposure arising from such inventory. Principal transactions revenue recognized upon executing new transactions with market participants is driven by many factors including the level of client activity, the bid-offer spread (which is the difference between the price at which a market participant is willing to sell an instrument to the Firm and the price at which another market participant is willing to buy it from the Firm, and vice versa), market liquidity and volatility. These factors are interrelated and sensitive to the same factors that drive inventory-related revenue, which include general market conditions, such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, credit spreads, and equity and commodity prices, as well as other macroeconomic conditions. For the periods presented below, the predominant source of principal transactions revenue was the amount recognized upon executing new transactions.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016

(in millions)
Fixed Income Markets
Equity Markets
Total Markets
 
Fixed Income Markets
Equity Markets
Total Markets
Principal transactions
$
1,851

$
1,109

$
2,960

 
$
2,092

$
938

$
3,030

Lending- and deposit-related fees
48

1

49

 
60

1

61

Asset management, administration and commissions
103

410

513

 
101

370

471

All other income
207

(2
)
205

 
397

21

418

Noninterest revenue
2,209

1,518

3,727

 
2,650

1,330

3,980

Net interest income
1,007

68

1,075

 
1,309

270

1,579

Total net revenue
$
3,216

$
1,586

$
4,802

 
$
3,959

$
1,600

$
5,559

 
Six months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016

(in millions)
Fixed Income Markets
Equity Markets
Total Markets
 
Fixed Income Markets
Equity Markets
Total Markets
Principal transactions
4,552

$
2,118

$
6,670

 
$
4,077

$
1,808

$
5,885

Lending- and deposit-related fees
97

2

99

 
109

1

110

Asset management, administration and commissions
207

833

1,040

 
204

813

1,017

All other income
384

(9
)
375

 
621

21

642

Noninterest revenue
5,240

2,944

8,184

 
5,011

2,643

7,654

Net interest income
2,191

248

2,439

 
2,545

533

3,078

Total net revenue
$
7,431

$
3,192

$
10,623

 
$
7,556

$
3,176

$
10,732

Selected metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except where otherwise noted)
2017

 
2016

 
Change
 
2017

 
2016

 
Change
Assets under custody (“AUC”) by asset class (period-end)
(in billions):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed Income
$
12,662


$
12,539

 
1%

 
$
12,662

 
$
12,539

 
1%

Equity
7,214


6,138

 
18

 
7,214

 
6,138

 
18

Other(a)
2,258


1,793

 
26

 
2,258

 
1,793

 
26

Total AUC
$
22,134


$
20,470

 
8

 
$
22,134

 
$
20,470

 
8

Client deposits and other third party liabilities (average)(b)
$
404,920


$
373,671

 
8

 
$
398,354

 
$
366,299

 
9

Trade finance loans (period-end)
17,356


17,362

 

 
17,356

 
17,362

 

(a)
Consists of mutual funds, unit investment trusts, currencies, annuities, insurance contracts, options and other contracts.
(b)
Client deposits and other third party liabilities pertain to the Treasury Services and Securities Services businesses.

29


International metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except where otherwise noted)
2017

 
2016

 
Change
 
2017

 
2016

 
Change
Total net revenue(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
3,034

 
$
2,823

 
7
 %
 
$
6,223

 
$
5,280

 
18
 %
Asia/Pacific
1,034

 
1,210

 
(15
)
 
2,273

 
2,512

 
(10
)
Latin America/Caribbean
244

 
403

 
(39
)
 
585

 
724

 
(19
)
Total international net revenue
4,312

 
4,436

 
(3
)
 
9,081

 
8,516

 
7

North America
4,577

 
4,729

 
(3
)
 
9,344

 
8,784

 
6

Total net revenue
$
8,889

 
$
9,165

 
(3
)
 
$
18,425

 
$
17,300

 
7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans retained (period-end)(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
26,690

 
$
29,770

 
(10
)
 
$
26,690

 
$
29,770

 
(10
)
Asia/Pacific
14,709

 
15,198

 
(3
)
 
14,709

 
15,198

 
(3
)
Latin America/Caribbean
6,196

 
9,048

 
(32
)
 
6,196

 
9,048

 
(32
)
Total international loans
47,595

 
54,016

 
(12
)
 
47,595

 
54,016

 
(12
)
North America
61,340

 
58,621

 
5

 
61,340

 
58,621

 
5

Total loans retained
$
108,935

 
$
112,637

 
(3
)
 
$
108,935

 
$
112,637

 
(3
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Client deposits and other third-party liabilities (average)(a)(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
156,575

 
$
135,213

 
16

 
$
150,436

 
$
131,655

 
14

Asia/Pacific
73,327

 
68,423

 
7

 
73,544

 
65,569

 
12

Latin America/Caribbean
25,806

 
22,334

 
16

 
24,934

 
22,431

 
11

Total international
$
255,708

 
$
225,970

 
13

 
$
248,914

 
$
219,655

 
13

North America
149,212

 
147,701

 
1

 
149,440

 
146,644

 
2

Total client deposits and other third-party liabilities
$
404,920

 
$
373,671

 
8

 
$
398,354

 
$
366,299

 
9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
AUC (period-end)(a)
(in billions)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
North America
$
13,207

 
$
12,310

 
7

 
$
13,207

 
$
12,310

 
7

All other regions
8,927

 
8,160

 
9

 
8,927

 
8,160

 
9

Total AUC
$
22,134

 
$
20,470

 
8%

 
$
22,134

 
$
20,470

 
8%

(a)
Total net revenue is based predominantly on the domicile of the client or location of the trading desk, as applicable. Loans outstanding (excluding loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value), client deposits and other third-party liabilities, and AUC are based predominantly on the domicile of the client.
(b)
Client deposits and other third party liabilities pertain to the Treasury Services and Securities Services businesses.

30


COMMERCIAL BANKING
For a discussion of the business profile of CB, see pages 63–65 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report and Line of Business Metrics on page 174.
Selected income statement data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2017

 
2016

 
Change

 
2017

 
2016

 
Change
Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lending- and deposit-related fees
$
232

 
$
227

 
2
 %
 
$
467

 
$
459

 
2
 %
Asset management, administration and commissions
16

 
18

 
(11
)
 
34

 
40

 
(15
)
All other income(a)
335

 
341

 
(2
)
 
681

 
643

 
6

Noninterest revenue
583

 
586

 
(1
)
 
1,182

 
1,142

 
4

Net interest income
1,505

 
1,231

 
22

 
2,924

 
2,478

 
18

Total net revenue(b)
2,088

 
1,817

 
15

 
4,106

 
3,620

 
13

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
(130
)
 
(25
)
 
(420)
 
(167
)
 
279

 
NM
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation expense
365

 
322

 
13

 
736

 
656

 
12

Noncompensation expense
425

 
409

 
4

 
879

 
788

 
12

Total noninterest expense
790

 
731

 
8

 
1,615

 
1,444

 
12

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before income tax expense
1,428

 
1,111

 
29

 
2,658

 
1,897

 
40

Income tax expense
526

 
415

 
27

 
957

 
705

 
36

Net income
$
902

 
$
696

 
30%

 
$
1,701

 
$
1,192

 
43%

(a)
Includes revenue from investment banking products and commercial card transactions.
(b)
Total net revenue included tax-equivalent adjustments from income tax credits related to equity investments in designated community development entities that provide loans to qualified businesses in low-income communities, as well as tax-exempt income related to municipal financing activities of $131 million and $124 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $252 million and $244 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Quarterly results
Net income was $902 million, an increase of 30%, driven by higher net revenue and a lower provision for credit losses, partially offset by higher noninterest expense.
Net revenue was $2.1 billion, an increase of 15%. Net interest income was $1.5 billion, an increase of 22%, predominantly driven by higher deposit spreads and loan growth. Noninterest revenue was $583 million, relatively flat versus the previous year.
Noninterest expense was $790 million, an increase of 8%, predominantly driven by hiring of bankers and business-related support staff, and investments in technology.
The provision for credit losses was a benefit of $130 million, driven by net reductions in the allowance for credit losses, including in the Oil & Gas, Natural Gas Pipelines and Metals & Mining portfolios. The prior year provision for credit losses was a benefit of $25 million.

 
Year-to-date results
Net income was $1.7 billion, an increase of 43%, driven by higher net revenue and a lower provision for credit losses, partially offset by higher noninterest expense.
Net revenue was $4.1 billion, up 13%. Net interest income was $2.9 billion, up 18%, predominantly driven by higher deposit spreads and loan growth. Noninterest revenue was $1.2 billion, up 4%, driven by higher investment banking revenue from loan syndications and equity underwriting.
Noninterest expense was $1.6 billion, up 12%, largely driven by hiring of bankers and business-related support staff, and investments in technology.
The provision for credit losses was a benefit of $167 million, driven by net reductions in the allowance for credit losses, including in the Oil & Gas, Natural Gas Pipelines and Metals & Mining portfolios. The prior year provision for credit losses was $279 million, reflecting downgrades in the Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipeline portfolios.


31


Selected income statement data (continued)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
2017

 
2016

 
Change

 
2017

 
2016

 
Change
Revenue by product
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lending
$
1,023

 
$
917

 
12
 %
 
$
2,015

 
$
1,845

 
9
 %
Treasury services
854

 
680

 
26

 
1,650

 
1,374

 
20

Investment banking(a)
189

 
207

 
(9
)
 
405

 
362

 
12

Other
22

 
13

 
69

 
36

 
39

 
(8
)
Total Commercial Banking net revenue
$
2,088

 
$
1,817

 
15

 
$
4,106

 
$
3,620

 
13

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment banking revenue, gross(b)
$
524

 
$
595

 
(12
)
 
$
1,170

 
$
1,078

 
9

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue by client segment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Middle Market Banking(c)
$
839

 
$
689

 
22

 
$
1,623

 
$
1,389

 
17

Corporate Client Banking(c)
662

 
608

 
9

 
1,328

 
1,162

 
14

Commercial Term Lending
364

 
342

 
6

 
731

 
703

 
4

Real Estate Banking
147

 
107

 
37

 
281

 
211

 
33

Other
76

 
71

 
7

 
143

 
155

 
(8
)
Total Commercial Banking net revenue
$
2,088

 
$
1,817

 
15
 %
 
$
4,106

 
$
3,620

 
13
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial ratios
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on equity
17%

 
16
%
 
 
 
16%

 
14
%
 
 
Overhead ratio
38

 
40

 
 
 
39

 
40

 
 
(a)
Includes total Firm revenue from investment banking products sold to CB clients, net of revenue sharing with the CIB.
(b)
Represents total Firm revenue from investment banking products sold to CB clients.
(c)
Certain clients were transferred from Middle Market Banking to Corporate Client Banking effective in the second quarter of 2017. Prior period results were revised to conform with the current period presentation.


32


Selected metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except headcount)
2017

2016

Change

 
2017
2016
Change
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
220,676

$
208,151

6
%
 
$
220,676

$
208,151

6
%
Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans retained
197,912

179,164

10

 
197,912

179,164

10

Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
1,661

134

NM
 
1,661

134

NM
Total loans
$
199,573

$
179,298

11

 
$
199,573

$
179,298

11

Core loans
199,319

178,809

11

 
199,319

178,809

11

Equity
20,000

16,000

25

 
20,000

16,000

25

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Period-end loans by client segment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Middle Market Banking(a)
$
56,377

$
51,949

9

 
$
56,377

$
51,949

9

Corporate Client Banking(a)
45,918

42,374

8

 
45,918

42,374

8

Commercial Term Lending
73,760

66,499

11

 
73,760

66,499

11

Real Estate Banking
16,726

12,872

30

 
16,726

12,872

30

Other
6,792

5,604

21

 
6,792

5,604

21

Total Commercial Banking loans
$
199,573

$
179,298

11

 
$
199,573

$
179,298

11

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected balance sheet data (average)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
217,694

$
205,953

6

 
$
215,750

$
204,222

6

Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans retained
196,454

176,229

11

 
193,630

173,033

12

Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
1,402

583

140

 
1,061

516

106

Total loans
$
197,856

$
176,812

12

 
$
194,691

$
173,549

12

Core loans
197,567

176,251

12

 
194,391

172,939

12

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Average loans by client segment
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Middle Market Banking(a)
$
55,651

$
51,937

7

 
$
54,963

$
51,246

7

Corporate Client Banking(a)
46,483

41,111

13

 
45,041

40,231

12

Commercial Term Lending
73,081

65,262

12

 
72,484

64,369

13

Real Estate Banking
16,139

12,936

25

 
15,834

12,200

30

Other
6,502

5,566

17

 
6,369

5,503

16

Total Commercial Banking loans
$
197,856

$
176,812

12

 
$
194,691

$
173,549

12

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Client deposits and other third-party liabilities
173,214

170,717

1

 
174,987

171,898

2

Equity
20,000

16,000

25

 
20,000

16,000

25

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Headcount
8,823

8,127

9
%
 
8,823

8,127

9
%
(a)
Certain clients were transferred from Middle Market Banking to Corporate Client Banking effective in the second quarter of 2017. Prior period results were revised to conform with the current period presentation.

33


Selected metrics (continued)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
2017

2016

Change

 
2017

 
2016

 
Change
Credit data and quality statistics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
$
8

$
60

(87)%

 
$
(2
)
 
$
66

 
NM
Nonperforming assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonaccrual loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonaccrual loans retained(a)
819

1,258

(35
)%
 
819

 
1,258

 
(35
)
Nonaccrual loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value



 

 

 

Total nonaccrual loans
819

1,258

(35
)
 
819

 
1,258

 
(35
)
Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
4

1

300

 
4

 
1

 
300

Total nonperforming assets
823

1,259

(35
)
 
823

 
1,259

 
(35
)
Allowance for credit losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses
2,678

3,041

(12
)
 
2,678

 
3,041

 
(12
)
Allowance for lending-related commitments
331

226

46

 
331

 
226

 
46

Total allowance for credit losses
3,009

3,267

(8
)%
 
3,009

 
3,267

 
(8
)%
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate(b)
0.02
%
0.14
%
 
 

 
0.08
%
 
 
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans retained
1.35

1.70

 
 
1.35

 
1.70

 
 
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans retained(a)
327

242

 
 
327

 
242

 
 
Nonaccrual loans to period-end total loans
0.41

0.70

 
 
0.41

 
0.70

 
 
(a)
Allowance for loan losses of $112 million and $292 million was held against nonaccrual loans retained at June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
(b)
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value were excluded when calculating the net charge-off/(recovery) rate.

34


ASSET & WEALTH MANAGEMENT
For a discussion of the business profile of AWM, see pages 66–68 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report and Line of Business Metrics on pages 174–175.
Selected income statement data
 
 
 
 
(in millions, except ratios)
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
2017

2016

Change

 
2017

2016

Change

Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset management, administration and commissions
$
2,211

$
2,102

5
%
 
$
4,316

$
4,118

5
 %
All other income
155

90

72

 
318

319


Noninterest revenue
2,366

2,192

8

 
4,634

4,437

4

Net interest income
846

747

13

 
1,665

1,474

13

Total net revenue
3,212

2,939

9

 
6,299

5,911

7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
4

(8
)
NM
 
22

5

340

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation expense
1,278

1,249

2

 
2,609

2,490

5

Noncompensation expense
914

849

8

 
2,163

1,683

29

Total noninterest expense
2,192

2,098

4

 
4,772

4,173

14

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before income tax expense
1,016

849

20

 
1,505

1,733

(13
)
Income tax expense
392

328

20

 
496

625

(21
)
Net income
$
624

$
521

20

 
$
1,009

$
1,108

(9
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue by line of business
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset Management
$
1,561

$
1,424

10

 
$
3,048

$
2,923

4

Wealth Management
1,651

1,515

9

 
3,251

2,988

9

Total net revenue
$
3,212

$
2,939

9%

 
$
6,299

$
5,911

7
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Financial ratios
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Return on equity
27
%
22
%
 
 
22
%
24
%
 
Overhead ratio
68

71

 
 
76

71

 
Pre-tax margin ratio:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset Management
31

30

 
 
16

31

 
Wealth Management
33

28

 
 
31

27

 
Asset & Wealth Management
32

29

 
 
24

29

 
Quarterly results
Net income was $624 million, an increase of 20%, reflecting higher net revenue partially offset by higher noninterest expense.
Net revenue was $3.2 billion, an increase of 9%. Net interest income was $846 million, up 13%, driven predominantly by higher deposit spreads. Noninterest revenue was $2.4 billion, up 8%, predominantly reflecting higher market levels.
Noninterest expense was $2.2 billion, an increase of 4%, largely driven by a combination of higher external fees and compensation expense on higher revenue.
 
Year-to-date results
Net income was $1.0 billion, a decrease of 9%, reflecting higher noninterest expense, largely offset by higher revenue.
Net revenue was $6.3 billion, an increase of 7%. Net interest income was $1.7 billion, up 13%, driven by higher deposit spreads. Noninterest revenue was $4.6 billion, up 4%, driven by higher market levels and brokerage revenue, partially offset by a reduction in revenue related to the disposal of assets at the beginning of 2016.
Noninterest expense was $4.8 billion, an increase of 14%, driven by higher legal expense and compensation expense on higher revenue.


35


Selected metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except ranking data, headcount and ratios)
2017

2016

Change

 
2017

2016

Change

% of JPM mutual fund assets rated as 4- or 5-star(a)(c)
65
%
51
%
 
 
65
%
51
%
 
% of JPM mutual fund assets ranked in 1st or 2nd quartile:(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1 year
60

54

 
 
60

54

 
3 years(c)
83

74

 
 
83

74

 
5 years(c)
77

79

 
 
77

79

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected balance sheet data (period-end)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
147,508

$
134,380

10
 %
 
$
147,508

$
134,380

10
 %
Loans
124,517

113,319

10

 
124,517

113,319

10

Core loans
124,517

113,319

10

 
124,517

113,319

10

Deposits
146,758

148,967

(1
)
 
146,758

148,967

(1
)
Equity
9,000

9,000


 
9,000

9,000


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected balance sheet data (average)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
142,966

$
131,529

9

 
$
140,585

$
130,659

8

Loans
122,173

111,704

9

 
120,252

111,101

8

Core loans
122,173

111,704

9

 
120,252

111,101

8

Deposits
150,786

151,214


 
154,776

150,915

3

Equity
9,000

9,000


 
9,000

9,000


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Headcount
22,289

20,897

7

 
22,289

20,897

7

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of client advisors
2,452

2,622

(6
)
 
2,452

2,622

(6
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit data and quality statistics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs
$
2

$
2


 
$
5

$
11

(55
)
Nonaccrual loans
400

254

57

 
400

254

57

Allowance for credit losses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses
285

258

10

 
285

258

10

Allowance for lending-related commitments
10

4

150

 
10

4

150

Total allowance for credit losses
295

262

13
 %
 
295

262

13
 %
Net charge-off rate
0.01
%
0.01
%
 
 
0.01
%
0.02
%
 
Allowance for loan losses to period-end loans
0.23

0.23

 
 
0.23

0.23

 
Allowance for loan losses to nonaccrual loans
71

102

 
 
71

102

 
Nonaccrual loans to period-end loans
0.32

0.22

 
 
0.32

0.22

 
(a)
Represents the “overall star rating” derived from Morningstar for the U.S., the U.K., Luxembourg, Hong Kong and Taiwan domiciled funds; and Nomura “star rating” for Japan domiciled funds. Includes only Asset Management retail open-ended mutual funds that have a rating. Excludes money market funds, Undiscovered Managers Fund, and Brazil and India domiciled funds.
(b)
Quartile ranking sourced from: Lipper for the U.S. and Taiwan domiciled funds; Morningstar for the U.K., Luxembourg and Hong Kong domiciled funds; Nomura for Japan domiciled funds and Fund Doctor for South Korea domiciled funds. Includes only Asset Management retail open-ended mutual funds that are ranked by the aforementioned sources. Excludes money market funds, Undiscovered Managers Fund, and Brazil and India domiciled funds.
(c)
Prior period amounts were revised to conform with current period presentation.

36


Client assets
Client assets of $2.6 trillion and assets under management of $1.9 trillion were both up 11%, reflecting higher market levels, and net inflows into liquidity and long-term products.
Client assets
 
 
 
 
June 30,
(in billions)
2017

2016

Change

Assets by asset class
 
 
 
Liquidity
$
434

$
385

13
%
Fixed income
440

424

4

Equity
390

342

14

Multi-asset and alternatives
612

542

13

Total assets under management
1,876

1,693

11

Custody/brokerage/administration/deposits
722

651

11

Total client assets
$
2,598

$
2,344

11

 
 
 
 
Memo:
 
 
 
Alternatives client assets (a)
$
159

$
151

5

 
 
 
 
Assets by client segment
 
 
 
Private Banking
$
488

$
425

15

Institutional
889

811

10

Retail
499

457

9

Total assets under management
$
1,876

$
1,693

11

 
 
 
 
Private Banking
$
1,188

$
1,058

12

Institutional
909

827

10

Retail
501

459

9

Total client assets
$
2,598

$
2,344

11%

(a)
Represents assets under management, as well as client balances in brokerage accounts.
Client assets (continued)
 
 
 
 
 


Three months
ended June 30,
 
Six months
ended June 30,
(in billions)
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

Assets under management rollforward
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
1,841

$
1,676

 
$
1,771

$
1,723

Net asset flows:
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidity
(7
)
1

 
(6
)
(29
)
Fixed income
2

13

 
7

27

Equity
(3
)
(5
)
 
(7
)
(10
)
Multi-asset and alternatives
10

(2
)
 
17

4

Market/performance/other impacts
33

10

 
94

(22
)
Ending balance, June 30
$
1,876

$
1,693

 
$
1,876

$
1,693

 
 
 
 
 
 
Client assets rollforward
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
2,548

$
2,323

 
$
2,453

$
2,350

Net asset flows
2

2

 
12

(5
)
Market/performance/other impacts
48

19

 
133

(1
)
Ending balance, June 30
$
2,598

$
2,344

 
$
2,598

$
2,344


37


International metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions)
2017

2016

Change

 
2017

2016

Change

Total net revenue (a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
494

$
463

7%

 
$
956

$
894

7
%
Asia/Pacific
286

267

7

 
556

522

7

Latin America/Caribbean
222

186

19

 
401

358

12

Total international net revenue
1,002

916

9

 
1,913

1,774

8

North America
2,210

2,023

9

 
4,386

4,137

6

Total net revenue
$
3,212

$
2,939

9
%
 
$
6,299

$
5,911

7
%
(a)
Regional revenue is based on the domicile of the client.
 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in billions)
2017

2016

Change

 
2017

2016

Change

Assets under management
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
335

$
293

14
%
 
$
335

$
293

14
%
Asia/Pacific
136

124

10

 
136

124

10

Latin America/Caribbean
57

46

24

 
57

46

24

Total international assets under management
528

463

14

 
528

463

14

North America
1,348

1,230

10

 
1,348

1,230

10

Total assets under management
$
1,876

$
1,693

11

 
$
1,876

$
1,693

11

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Client assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Europe/Middle East/Africa
$
387

$
342

13

 
$
387

$
342

13

Asia/Pacific
196

176

11

 
196

176

11

Latin America/Caribbean
152

115

32

 
152

115

32

Total international client assets
735

633

16

 
735

633

16

North America
1,863

1,711

9

 
1,863

1,711

9

Total client assets
$
2,598

$
2,344

11
%
 
$
2,598

$
2,344

11
%

38


CORPORATE
For a discussion of Corporate, see pages 69–70 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
Selected income statement and balance sheet data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions, except headcount)
2017

2016

 
Change

 
2017

 
2016

 
Change

Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Principal transactions
$
148

$
29

 
410
 %
 
$
163

 
$
126

 
29
 %
Securities gains/(losses)
(34
)
20

 
NM
 
(37
)
 
71

 
NM
All other income/(loss)(a)
667

122

 
447

 
728

 
243

 
200

Noninterest revenue
781

171

 
357

 
854

 
440

 
94

Net interest income
23

(329
)
 
NM
 
(75
)
 
(542
)
 
86

Total net revenue(b)
804

(158
)
 
NM
 
779

 
(102
)
 
NM
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses

(1
)
 
100

 

 
(3
)
 
100

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest expense(c)
183

(273
)
 
NM
 
281

 
(120
)
 
NM
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
621

116

 
435

 
498

 
21

 
NM
Income tax expense/(benefit)
51

282

 
(82
)
 
(107
)
 
219

 
NM
Net income/(loss)
$
570

$
(166
)
 
NM
 
$
605

 
$
(198
)
 
NM
Total net revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Treasury and CIO
86

(226
)
 
NM
 
79

 
(320
)
 
NM
Other Corporate
718

68

 
NM
 
700

 
218

 
221

Total net revenue
$
804

$
(158
)
 
NM
 
$
779

 
$
(102
)
 
NM
Net income/(loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Treasury and CIO
(14
)
(199
)
 
93

 
(81
)
 
(310
)
 
74

Other Corporate
584

33

 
NM
 
686

 
112

 
NM
Total net income/(loss)
$
570

$
(166
)
 
NM
 
$
605

 
$
(198
)
 
NM
Total assets (period-end)
$
817,754

$
778,359

 
5

 
$
817,754

 
$
778,359

 
5

Loans (period-end)
1,696

1,862

 
(9
)
 
1,696

 
1,862

 
(9
)
Core loans(d)
1,696

1,857

 
(9
)
 
1,696

 
1,857

 
(9
)
Headcount
33,464

30,402

 
10

 
33,464

 
30,402

 
10

(a)
Included revenue related to a legal settlement of $645 million for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2017.
(b)
Included tax-equivalent adjustments, predominantly due to tax-exempt income from municipal bond investments of $237 million and $227 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $465 million and $445 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
(c)
Included legal expense/(benefit) of $16 million and $(467) million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $(212) million and $(465) million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
(d)
Average core loans were $1.6 billion and $2.0 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $1.6 billion and $2.0 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Quarterly results
Net income was $570 million, compared with a net loss of $166 million in the prior-year quarter. Net revenue was a gain of $804 million, compared with a loss of $158 million in the prior-year quarter. Current quarter net revenue was driven by a $645 million benefit from a legal settlement with the FDIC receivership for Washington Mutual and with Deutsche Bank as trustee to certain Washington Mutual trusts and by the net impact of higher rates. Noninterest expense was $183 million, up $456 million from the prior year quarter, which included a net legal benefit.

 
Year-to-date results
Net income was $605 million, compared with a net loss of $198 million in the prior year. Net revenue was a gain of $779 million, compared with a loss of $102 million in the prior-year. Current period net revenue was driven by a $645 million benefit from a legal settlement with the FDIC receivership for Washington Mutual and with Deutsche Bank as trustee to certain Washington Mutual trusts and by the net impact of higher rates. Noninterest expense was $281 million, up $401 million from prior year, driven by lower legal benefit and higher compensation expense.


39


Treasury and CIO overview
At June 30, 2017, the average credit rating of the Treasury and CIO investment securities comprising the portfolio in the table below was AA+ (based upon external ratings where available and, where not available, based primarily upon internal ratings that correspond to ratings as defined by S&P and Moody’s). See Note 9 for further information on the Firm’s investment securities portfolio.
 
For further information on liquidity and funding risk, see Liquidity Risk Management on pages 67–71. For information on interest rate, foreign exchange and other risks, see Market Risk Management on pages 72–76.

Selected income statement and balance sheet data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
(in millions)
2017

 
2016

 
Change

 
2017

 
2016

 
Change

Securities gains/(losses)
$
(34
)
 
$
20

 
NM

 
$
(49
)
 
$
71

 
NM

AFS investment securities (average)
225,053

 
225,536

 

 
229,920

 
230,321

 

HTM investment securities (average)
48,232

 
53,426

 
(10
)
 
48,794

 
50,882

 
(4
)
Investment securities portfolio (average)
273,285

 
278,962

 
(2
)
 
278,714

 
281,203

 
(1
)
AFS investment securities (period-end)
213,291

 
221,751

 
(4
)
 
213,291

 
221,751

 
(4
)
HTM investment securities (period-end)
47,761

 
53,811

 
(11
)
 
47,761

 
53,811

 
(11
)
Investment securities portfolio (period-end)
261,052

 
275,562

 
(5
)%
 
261,052

 
275,562

 
(5
)




40


ENTERPRISE-WIDE RISK MANAGEMENT
Risk is an inherent part of JPMorgan Chase’s business activities. When the Firm extends a consumer or wholesale loan, advises customers on their investment decisions, makes markets in securities, or offers other products or services, the Firm takes on some degree of risk. The Firm’s overall objective is to manage its businesses, and the associated risks, in a manner that balances serving the interests of its clients, customers and investors and protects the safety and soundness of the Firm.
Firmwide Risk Management is overseen and managed on an enterprise-wide basis. The Firm’s approach to risk management covers a broad spectrum of economic and other core risk areas, such as credit, market, liquidity, model, principal, country, operational, compliance, conduct, legal, capital, and reputation risk, with controls and governance established for each area, as appropriate.
The Firm believes that effective risk management requires:
Acceptance of responsibility, including identification and escalation of risk issues, by all individuals within the Firm;
Ownership of risk identification, assessment, data and management by each of the lines of business and corporate functions; and
Firmwide structures for risk governance.
 
The Firm’s Operating Committee, which consists of the Firm’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), Chief Risk Officer (“CRO”), Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”) and other senior executives, is the ultimate management escalation point in the Firm and may refer matters to the Firm’s Board of Directors. The Operating Committee is responsible and accountable to the Firm’s Board of Directors.
In June 2017, the Firm announced the departure of its Chief Operating Officer. As a result, his responsibilities have transitioned to other members of the Operating Committee. The Chief Investment Officer/Treasurer now reports to the Firm’s CFO, and will continue to chair the Firmwide Asset Liability Committee (“ALCO”). For further discussion on the Firm’s ALCO, see page 75 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
The Firm strives for continual improvement through efforts to enhance controls, ongoing employee training and development, talent retention, and other measures. The Firm follows a disciplined and balanced compensation framework with strong internal governance and independent Board oversight. The impact of risk and control issues are carefully considered in the Firm’s performance evaluation and incentive compensation processes.

The following provides an index of where in this Form 10-Q and in JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report information about the Firm’s management of its key risks can be found.
Risk disclosure
Form 10-Q page reference
Annual Report page reference
Enterprise-Wide Risk Management
41–76
71–131
I. Economic risks
Capital Risk Management
42–48
76–85
Credit Risk Management
49–65
86–107
Country Risk Management
66
108–109
Liquidity Risk Management
67–71
110–115
Market Risk Management
72–76
116–123
Principal Risk Management
 
124
II. Other core risks
Compliance Risk Management
 
125
Conduct Risk Management
 
126
Legal Risk Management
 
127
Model Risk Management
 
128
Operational Risk Management
 
129–130
Reputation Risk Management
 
131

41


CAPITAL RISK MANAGEMENT
Capital risk is the risk the Firm has an insufficient level and composition of capital to support the Firm’s business activities and associated risks during both normal economic environments and under stressed conditions. For a discussion of the Firm’s Capital Risk Management, see pages 76–85 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
A strong capital position is essential to the Firm’s business strategy and competitive position. Maintaining a strong balance sheet to manage through economic volatility is considered a strategic imperative of the Firm’s Board of Directors, CEO and Operating Committee. The Firm’s balance sheet philosophy focuses on risk-adjusted returns, strong capital and robust liquidity. The Firm’s capital risk management strategy focuses on maintaining long-term stability to enable it to build and invest in market-leading businesses, even in a highly stressed environment. Prior to making any decisions on future business activities, senior management considers the implications on the Firm’s capital. In addition to considering the Firm’s earnings outlook, senior management evaluates all sources and uses of capital with a view to preserving the Firm’s capital strength.
 
The Firm’s capital risk management objectives are achieved through the establishment of minimum capital targets and a strong capital governance framework. Capital risk management is intended to be flexible in order to react to a range of potential events. The Firm’s minimum capital targets are based on the most binding of three pillars: an internal assessment of the Firm’s capital needs; an estimate of required capital under the Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review (“CCAR”) and Dodd-Frank Act stress testing requirements; and Basel III Fully Phased-In regulatory minimums. Where necessary, each pillar may include a management-established buffer. The capital governance framework requires regular monitoring of the Firm’s capital positions, stress testing and escalation protocols, both at the Firm and material legal entity levels.


42


The following tables present the Firm’s Transitional and Fully Phased-In risk-based and leverage-based capital metrics under both the Basel III Standardized and Advanced Approaches. The Firm’s Basel III ratios exceed both the Transitional and Fully Phased-In regulatory minimums as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016. For further discussion of these capital metrics and the Standardized and Advanced approaches, refer to Strategy and Governance on pages 78–82 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
 
Transitional
 
Fully Phased-In
 
June 30, 2017
(in millions, except ratios)
Standardized
 
Advanced
 
Minimum capital ratios(d)
 
Standardized
 
Advanced
 
Minimum capital ratios(e)
 
Risk-based capital metrics:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CET1 capital
$
186,942

 
$
186,942

 
 
 
$
186,596

 
$
186,596

 
 
 
Tier 1 capital
212,353

 
212,353

 
 
 
212,221

 
212,221

 
 
 
Total capital
243,061

 
233,345

 
 
 
241,742

 
232,026

 
 
 
Risk-weighted assets
1,478,816

 
1,459,196

 
 
 
1,488,511

 
1,469,473

 
 
 
CET1 capital ratio
12.6
%
 
12.8
%
 
7.5
%
 
12.5
%
 
12.7
%
 
10.5
%
 
Tier 1 capital ratio
14.4

 
14.6

 
9.0

 
14.3

 
14.4

 
12.0

 
Total capital ratio
16.4

 
16.0

 
11.0

 
16.2

 
15.8

 
14.0

 
Leverage-based capital metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjusted average assets(a)
$
2,512,120

 
$
2,512,120

 
 
 
$
2,512,679

 
$
2,512,679

 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage ratio(b)
8.5
%
 
8.5
%
 
4.0
%
 
8.4
%
 
8.4
%
 
4.0
%
 
Total leverage exposure
NA
 
$
3,193,072

 
 
 
NA
 
$
3,193,632

 
 
 
SLR (c)
NA
 
6.7
%
 
NA
 
NA
 
6.6
%
 
5.0
%
(f) 
 
Transitional
 
Fully Phased-In
 
December 31, 2016
(in millions, except ratios)
Standardized
 
Advanced
 
Minimum capital ratios(d)
 
Standardized
 
Advanced
 
Minimum capital ratios(e)
 
Risk-based capital metrics:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CET1 capital
$
182,967

 
$
182,967

 
 
 
$
181,734

 
$
181,734

 
 
 
Tier 1 capital
208,112

 
208,112

 
 
 
207,474

 
207,474

 
 
 
Total capital
239,553

 
228,592

 
 
 
237,487

 
226,526

 
 
 
Risk-weighted assets
1,464,981

 
1,476,915

 
 
 
1,474,665

 
1,487,180

 
 
 
CET1 capital ratio
12.5
%
 
12.4
%
 
6.25
%
 
12.3
%
 
12.2
%
 
10.5
%
 
Tier 1 capital ratio
14.2

 
14.1

 
7.75

 
14.1

 
14.0

 
12.0

 
Total capital ratio
16.4

 
15.5

 
9.75

 
16.1

 
15.2

 
14.0

 
Leverage-based capital metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Adjusted average assets(a)
$
2,484,631

 
$
2,484,631

 
 
 
$
2,485,480

 
$
2,485,480

 
 
 
Tier 1 leverage ratio(b)
8.4
%
 
8.4
%
 
4.0
%
 
8.3
%
 
8.3
%
 
4.0
%
 
Total leverage exposure
NA
 
$
3,191,990

 
 
 
NA

 
$
3,192,839

 
 
 
SLR(c)
NA
 
6.5
%
 
NA
 
NA

 
6.5
%
 
5.0
%
(f) 
Note: As of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, the lower of the Standardized or Advanced capital ratios under each of the Transitional and Fully Phased-In approaches in the table above represents the Firm’s Collins Floor, as discussed in Risk-based capital regulatory minimums on page 44.
(a)
Adjusted average assets, for purposes of calculating the Tier 1 leverage ratio, includes total quarterly average assets adjusted for unrealized gains/(losses) on available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities, less deductions for goodwill and other intangible assets, defined benefit pension plan assets, and deferred tax assets related to net operating loss (“NOL”) and tax credit carryforwards.
(b)
The Tier 1 leverage ratio is calculated by dividing Tier 1 capital by adjusted average assets.
(c)
The SLR leverage ratio is calculated by dividing Tier 1 capital by total leverage exposure. For additional information on total leverage exposure, see SLR on page 46.
(d)
Represents the Transitional minimum capital ratios applicable to the Firm under Basel III as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016. At June 30, 2017, the CET1 minimum capital ratio includes 1.25% resulting from the phase in of the Firm’s 2.5% capital conservation buffer and 1.75%, resulting from the phase in of the Firm’s 3.5% GSIB surcharge. At December 31, 2016, the CET1 minimum capital ratio includes 0.625% resulting from the phase in of the Firm’s 2.5% capital conservation buffer and 1.125%, resulting from the phase in of the Firm’s 4.5% GSIB surcharge.
(e)
Represents the minimum capital ratios applicable to the Firm on a Fully Phased-In Basel III basis. At June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, the ratios include the Firm’s estimate of its Fully Phased-In U.S. GSIB surcharge of 3.5%. The minimum capital ratios will be fully phased-in effective January 1, 2019.
(f)
In the case of the SLR, the Fully Phased-In minimum ratio is effective beginning January 1, 2018.

43


Basel III overview
Capital rules under Basel III establish minimum capital ratios and overall capital adequacy standards for large and internationally active U.S. bank holding companies and banks, including the Firm and its insured depository institution (“IDI”) subsidiaries. Basel III sets forth two comprehensive approaches for calculating RWA: a standardized approach (“Basel III Standardized”), and an advanced approach (“Basel III Advanced”). Certain of the requirements of Basel III are subject to phase-in periods that began on January 1, 2014 and continue through the end of 2018 (“transitional period”).
Basel III establishes capital requirements for calculating credit risk and market risk RWA, and in the case of Basel III Advanced, operational risk RWA. In addition to the RWA calculated under these methodologies, the Firm may supplement such amounts to incorporate management judgment and feedback from its bank regulators. For additional information on Basel III methodology refer to Basel III Overview on pages 78-80 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
Basel III also includes a requirement for Advanced Approach banking organizations, including the Firm, to calculate SLR. For additional information on SLR, see page 46.
Basel III Fully Phased-In
Basel III capital rules will become fully phased-in on January 1, 2019, at which point the Firm will continue to calculate its capital ratios under both the Basel III Standardized and Advanced Approaches. The Firm manages each of the businesses, as well as the corporate functions, primarily on a Basel III Fully Phased-In basis.
For additional information on the Firm, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Chase Bank USA, N.A.’s capital, RWA and capital ratios under the Basel III Standardized and Advanced Fully Phased-In rules and SLRs calculated under the Basel III Advanced Fully Phased-In rules, all of which are considered key regulatory capital measures, see Explanation and Reconciliation of the Firm’s Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Performance Measures on pages 15–17.
The Firm’s estimates of its Basel III Standardized and Advanced Fully Phased-In capital, RWA and capital ratios and of SLRs for the Firm, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Chase Bank USA, N.A. are based on the current published U.S. Basel III rules and on the application of such rules to the Firm’s businesses as currently conducted. The actual impact on the Firm’s capital ratios and SLR as of the effective date of the rules may differ from the Firm’s current estimates depending on changes the Firm may make to its businesses in the future, further implementation guidance from the regulators, and regulatory approval of certain of the Firm’s internal risk models (or, alternatively, regulatory disapproval of the Firm’s internal risk models that have previously been conditionally approved).
 
Risk-based capital regulatory minimums
The capital adequacy of the Firm and its national bank subsidiaries, both during the transitional period and upon full phase-in, is evaluated against the lower of the two ratios as calculated under the Basel III approaches (Standardized or Advanced) as required by the Collins Amendment of the Dodd-Frank Act (the “Collins Floor”).
At June 30, 2017, the Firm’s Basel III Standardized Fully Phased-In CET1 ratio became the current binding constraint. The Firm anticipates that the Basel III Standardized Fully Phased-In CET1 ratio will remain its binding constraint.
The Basel III rules include minimum capital ratio requirements that are subject to phase-in periods through the end of 2018. In addition to having to maintain the CET1 minimum capital ratio of 4.5%, the Firm is also required to hold additional amounts of capital to serve as a “capital conservation buffer.” As an expansion of the capital conservation buffer, the Firm is also required to hold additional levels of capital in the form of a GSIB surcharge and a countercyclical capital buffer. For additional information on minimum capital ratios, the capital conservation buffer, the countercyclical buffer, and the GSIB surcharge, refer to Risk-based capital regulatory minimums on pages 79-80 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
The Firm believes that it will operate with a Basel III CET1 capital ratio between 11% and 12.5%. It is the Firm’s intention that the Firm’s capital ratios continue to meet regulatory minimums as they are fully implemented in 2019 and thereafter.
The following table represents the ratios the Firm and its IDI subsidiaries must maintain to meet the definition of “well-capitalized” under the regulations issued by the Federal Reserve and the Prompt Corrective Action (“PCA”) requirements of the FDIC Improvement Act (“FDICIA”), respectively.
 
Well-capitalized ratios
 
BHC
 
IDI
Capital ratios
 
 
 
 
 
CET1
%
 
 
6.5
%
 
Tier 1 capital
6.0
 
 
 
8.0
 
 
Total capital
10.0
 
 
 
10.0
 
 
Tier 1 leverage
 
 
 
5.0
 
 
Additional information regarding the Firm’s capital ratios, as well as the U.S. federal regulatory capital standards to which the Firm is subject, is presented in Note 18. For further information on the Firm’s Basel III measures, see the Firm’s Pillar 3 Regulatory Capital Disclosures reports, which are available on the Firm’s website (http://investor.shareholder.com/jpmorganchase/basel.cfm).

44


Capital
The following table presents reconciliations of total stockholders’ equity to Basel III Fully Phased-In CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital and Basel III Advanced and Standardized Fully Phased-In Total capital as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
For additional information on the components of regulatory capital, see Note 18.
Capital components
 
 
(in millions)
June 30, 2017

December 31, 2016

Total stockholders’ equity
$
258,483

$
254,190

Less: Preferred stock
26,068

26,068

Common stockholders’ equity
232,415

228,122

Less:
 
 
Goodwill
47,300

47,288

Other intangible assets
827

862

Add:
 
 
Deferred tax liabilities(a)
3,252

3,230

Less: Other CET1 capital adjustments
944

1,468

Standardized/Advanced Fully Phased-In CET1 capital
186,596

181,734

Preferred stock
26,068

26,068

Less:
 
 
Other Tier 1 adjustments(b)
443

328

Standardized/Advanced Fully Phased-In Tier 1 capital
$
212,221

$
207,474

Long-term debt and other instruments qualifying as Tier 2 capital
$
15,157

$
15,253

Qualifying allowance for credit losses
14,480

14,854

Other
(116
)
(94
)
Standardized Fully Phased-In Tier 2 capital
$
29,521

$
30,013

Standardized Fully Phased-In Total capital
$
241,742

$
237,487

Adjustment in qualifying allowance for credit losses for Advanced Tier 2 capital
(9,716
)
(10,961
)
Advanced Fully Phased-In Tier 2 capital
$
19,805

$
19,052

Advanced Fully Phased-In Total capital
$
232,026

$
226,526

 
 
 
(a)
Represents deferred tax liabilities related to tax-deductible goodwill and identifiable intangibles created in nontaxable transactions, which are netted against goodwill and other intangibles when calculating TCE.
(b)
Includes the deduction associated with the permissible holdings of covered funds (as defined by the Volcker Rule) acquired after December 31, 2013. The deduction was not material as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
The following table presents reconciliations of the Firm’s Basel III Transitional CET1 capital to the Firm’s estimated Basel III Fully Phased-In CET1 capital as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
(in millions)
June 30, 2017

December 31, 2016

Transitional CET1 capital
$
186,942

$
182,967

AOCI phase-in(a)
70

(156
)
CET1 capital deduction phase-in(b)
(264
)
(695
)
Intangibles deduction phase-in(c)
(151
)
(312
)
Other adjustments to CET1 capital(d)
(1
)
(70
)
Fully Phased-In CET1 capital
$
186,596

$
181,734

 
(a)
Includes the remaining balance of accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) related to AFS debt securities and defined benefit pension and other postretirement employee benefit (“OPEB”) plans that will qualify as Basel III CET1 capital upon full phase-in.
(b)
Predominantly includes regulatory adjustments related to changes in DVA, as well as CET1 deductions for defined benefit pension plan assets and deferred tax assets related to NOL and tax credit carryforwards.
(c)
Relates to intangible assets, other than goodwill and MSRs, that are required to be deducted from CET1 capital upon full phase-in.
(d)
Includes minority interest and the Firm’s investments in its own CET1 capital instruments.
Capital rollforward
The following table presents the changes in Basel III Fully Phased-In CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital for the six months ended June 30, 2017.
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2017

Standardized/Advanced CET1 capital at December 31, 2016
$
181,734

Net income applicable to common equity
12,654

Dividends declared on common stock
(3,606
)
Net purchase of treasury stock
(4,515
)
Changes in additional paid-in capital
(1,023
)
Changes related to AOCI
682

Adjustment related to DVA(a)
140

Other
530

Increase in Standardized/Advanced CET1 capital
4,862

Standardized/Advanced CET1 capital at June 30, 2017
$
186,596

 
 
Standardized/Advanced Tier 1 capital at December 31, 2016
$
207,474

Change in CET1 capital
4,862

Net issuance of noncumulative perpetual preferred stock

Other
(115
)
Increase in Standardized/Advanced Tier 1 capital
4,747

Standardized/Advanced Tier 1 capital at June 30, 2017
$
212,221

 
 
Standardized Tier 2 capital at December 31, 2016
$
30,013

Change in long-term debt and other instruments qualifying as Tier 2
(97
)
Change in qualifying allowance for credit losses
(374
)
Other
(21
)
Decrease in Standardized Tier 2 capital
(492
)
Standardized Tier 2 capital at June 30, 2017
$
29,521

Standardized Total capital at June 30, 2017
$
241,742

 
 
Advanced Tier 2 capital at December 31, 2016
$
19,052

Change in long-term debt and other instruments qualifying as Tier 2
(97
)
Change in qualifying allowance for credit losses
871

Other
(21
)
Decrease in Advanced Tier 2 capital
753

Advanced Tier 2 capital at June 30, 2017
$
19,805

Advanced Total capital at June 30, 2017
$
232,026

(a)
Includes DVA recorded in other comprehensive income (“OCI”).

45


RWA rollforward
The following table presents changes in the components of RWA under Basel III Standardized and Advanced Fully Phased-In for the six months ended June 30, 2017. The amounts in the rollforward categories are estimates, based on the predominant driver of the change.
 
Standardized
 
Advanced
Six months ended
June 30, 2017
(in millions)
Credit risk RWA
Market risk RWA
Total RWA
 
Credit risk RWA
Market risk RWA
Operational risk
RWA
Total RWA
At December 31, 2016
$
1,346,986

$
127,679

$
1,474,665

 
$
959,523

$
127,657

$
400,000

$
1,487,180

Model & data changes(a)
(3,900
)
5,039

1,139

 
(3,120
)
5,039


1,919

Portfolio runoff(b)
(8,700
)

(8,700
)
 
(10,400
)


(10,400
)
Movement in portfolio levels(c)
17,180

4,227

21,407

 
(13,515
)
4,289


(9,226
)
Changes in RWA
4,580

9,266

13,846

 
(27,035
)
9,328


(17,707
)
June 30, 2017
$
1,351,566

$
136,945

$
1,488,511

 
$
932,488

$
136,985

$
400,000

$
1,469,473

(a)
Model & data changes refer to movements in levels of RWA as a result of revised methodologies and/or treatment per regulatory guidance (exclusive of rule changes).
(b)
Portfolio runoff for credit risk RWA primarily reflects (under both the Standardized and Advanced approaches) reduced risk from position rolloffs in legacy portfolios in Mortgage Banking and the sale of substantially all of the student loan portfolio during the second quarter of 2017 .
(c)
Movement in portfolio levels for credit risk RWA refers to changes in book size, composition, credit quality, and market movements; and for market risk RWA refers to changes in position and market movements.
Supplementary leverage ratio
The SLR is defined as Tier 1 capital under Basel III divided by the Firm’s total leverage exposure. For additional information on SLR, see Capital Risk Management on page 82 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
The following table presents the components of the Firm’s Fully Phased-In SLR as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
(in millions, except ratio)
June 30,
2017

December 31, 2016

Tier 1 Capital
$
212,221

$
207,474

Total average assets
2,559,236

2,532,457

Less: Adjustments for deductions from Tier 1 capital
46,557

46,977

Total adjusted average assets(a)
2,512,679

2,485,480

Off-balance sheet exposures(b)
680,953

707,359

Total leverage exposure
$
3,193,632

$
3,192,839

SLR
6.6
%
6.5
%
(a)
Adjusted average assets, for purposes of calculating the SLR, includes total quarterly average assets adjusted for on-balance sheet assets that are subject to deduction from Tier 1 capital, predominantly goodwill and other intangible assets.
(b)
Off-balance sheet exposures are calculated as the average of the three month-end spot balances during the quarter.
As of June 30, 2017, the Firm estimates that JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s and Chase Bank USA, N.A.’s Fully Phased-In SLRs are approximately 6.7% and 10.9%, respectively.

 
Line of business equity
The Firm’s framework for allocating capital to its business segments (line of business equity) is based on the following objectives:
Integrate Firmwide and line of business capital risk management activities;
Measure performance consistently across all lines of business; and
Provide comparability with peer firms for each of the lines of business.
Each business segment is allocated capital by taking into consideration stand-alone peer comparisons and regulatory capital requirements. ROE is measured and internal targets for expected returns are established as key measures of a business segment’s performance.
Line of business equity

(in billions)
June 30,
2017

 
December 31,
2016

Consumer & Community Banking
$
51.0

 
$
51.0

Corporate & Investment Bank
70.0

 
64.0

Commercial Banking
20.0

 
16.0

Asset & Wealth Management
9.0

 
9.0

Corporate
82.4

 
88.1

Total common stockholders’ equity
$
232.4

 
$
228.1

The amount of capital assigned to each business is referred to as equity. On at least an annual basis, the Firm assesses the level of capital required for each line of business as well as the assumptions and methodologies used to allocate capital. Through the end of 2016, capital was allocated to the lines of business based on a single measure, Basel III Advanced Fully Phased-In RWA. Effective January 1, 2017, the Firm’s methodology used to allocate capital to the business segments was updated. For additional information on the new methodology, see Business Segment Results on pages 18–40.


46


Planning and stress testing
Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review
The Federal Reserve requires large bank holding companies, including the Firm, to submit a capital plan on an annual basis. Through the CCAR process, the Federal Reserve evaluates each bank holding company’s (“BHC”) capital adequacy and internal capital adequacy assessment processes, as well as its plans to make capital distributions, such as dividend payments or stock repurchases.
On June 28, 2017, the Federal Reserve informed the Firm that it did not object, on either a quantitative or qualitative basis, to the Firm’s 2017 capital plan.
Capital actions
Preferred stock
Preferred stock dividends declared were $411 million and $823 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017.
For additional information on the Firm’s preferred stock, see Note 22 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
Common stock dividends
On May 16, 2017, the Firm announced that its Board of Directors had declared a quarterly common stock dividend of $0.50 per share, effective with the dividend paid on July 31, 2017. On June 28, 2017, the Firm announced that its Board of Directors intends to increase the quarterly common stock dividend to $0.56 per share, effective the third quarter of 2017. The Firm’s dividends are subject to the Board of Directors’ approval at the customary times those dividends are to be declared.
Common equity
Effective as of June 28, 2017, the Firm’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $19.4 billion of common equity (common stock and warrants) between July 1, 2017 and June 30, 2018.
 
The following table sets forth the Firm’s repurchases of common equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. There were no warrants repurchased during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.

Three months ended June 30,

Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2017

2016


2017

2016

Total shares of common stock repurchased
35.0

45.8


67.1

75.0

Aggregate common stock repurchases
$
3,007

$
2,840


$
5,839

$
4,536

There were 19.3 million warrants outstanding at June 30, 2017 compared with 24.9 million outstanding at December 31, 2016.
The Firm may, from time to time, enter into written trading plans under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to facilitate repurchases in accordance with the common equity repurchase program. A Rule 10b5-1 repurchase plan allows the Firm to repurchase its equity during periods when it would not otherwise be repurchasing common equity — for example, during internal trading blackout periods. All purchases under a Rule 10b5-1 plan must be made according to a predefined plan established when the Firm is not aware of material nonpublic information.
The authorization to repurchase common equity will be utilized at management’s discretion, and the timing of purchases and the exact amount of common equity that may be repurchased is subject to various factors, including market conditions; legal and regulatory considerations affecting the amount and timing of repurchase activity; the Firm’s capital position (taking into account goodwill and intangibles); internal capital generation; and alternative investment opportunities. The repurchase program does not include specific price targets or timetables; may be executed through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions, or utilizing Rule 10b5-1 programs; and may be suspended at any time.
For additional information regarding repurchases of the Firm’s equity securities, see Part II, Item 5: Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities on page 22 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Form 10-K.

47


Other capital requirements
TLAC
On December 15, 2016, the Federal Reserve issued its final Total Loss Absorbing Capacity (“TLAC”) rule which requires the top-tier holding companies of eight U.S. global systemically important bank holding companies, including the Firm, among other things, to maintain minimum levels of external TLAC and external long-term debt that satisfies certain eligibility criteria (“eligible LTD”) by January 1, 2019. The minimum external TLAC requirement is the greater of (A) 18% of the financial institution’s RWA plus applicable buffers, including its GSIB surcharge as calculated under Method 1 and (B) 7.5% of its total leverage exposure plus a buffer equal to 2.0%. The required minimum level of eligible long-term debt is equal to the greater of (A) 6% of the financial institution’s RWA, plus its U.S. Method 2 GSIB surcharge and (B) 4.5% of the Firm’s total leverage exposure. The final rule permanently grandfathered all long-term debt issued before December 31, 2016, to the extent these securities would be ineligible only due to containing impermissible acceleration rights or being governed by foreign law. While the Firm may have to raise long-term debt to be in full compliance with the rule, management estimates that the remaining net amount to be raised is not material and the timing for raising such funds is manageable.

 
Broker-dealer regulatory capital
JPMorgan Securities
JPMorgan Chase’s principal U.S. broker-dealer subsidiary is JPMorgan Securities. JPMorgan Securities is subject to Rule 15c3-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Net Capital Rule”). JPMorgan Securities is also registered as futures commission merchants and subject to Rule 1.17 of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”).
JPMorgan Securities has elected to compute its minimum net capital requirements in accordance with the “Alternative Net Capital Requirements” of the Net Capital Rule.
In accordance with the market and credit risk standards of Appendix E of the Net Capital Rule, JPMorgan Securities is eligible to use the alternative method of computing net capital if, in addition to meeting its minimum net capital requirement, it maintains tentative net capital of at least $1.0 billion and is also required to notify the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) in the event that tentative net capital is less than $5.0 billion. As of June 30, 2017, JPMorgan Securities maintained tentative net capital in excess of the minimum and notification requirements.
The following table presents JPMorgan Securities’ net capital information:
June 30, 2017
Net Capital
(in billions)
Actual

Minimum

JPMorgan Chase’s subsidiary:
 
 
JPMorgan Securities
$
13.9

$
2.8


J.P. Morgan Securities plc
J.P. Morgan Securities plc is a wholly-owned subsidiary of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and is the Firm’s principal operating subsidiary in the U.K. It has authority to engage in banking, investment banking and broker-dealer activities. J.P. Morgan Securities plc is jointly regulated by the U.K. Prudential Regulatory Authority (“PRA”) and the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”). J.P. Morgan Securities plc is subject to the European Union Capital Requirements Regulation and the U.K. PRA capital rules, each of which implemented Basel III and thereby subject J.P. Morgan Securities plc to its requirements.
The following table presents J.P.Morgan Securities plc’s capital information:
June 30, 2017
Total capital
 
CET1 ratio
 
Total capital ratio
(in billions, except ratios)
Estimated
 
Estimated
Minimum
 
Estimated
Minimum
JPMorgan Chase, N.A.’s subsidiary:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
J.P. Morgan Securities plc
$
37.2

 
13.6%
4.5%
 
16.8%
8.0%



48


CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT
Credit risk is the risk of loss arising from the default of a customer, client or counterparty. The Firm provides credit to a variety of customers, ranging from large corporate and institutional clients to individual consumers and small businesses. For a further discussion of the Firm’s Credit Risk Management framework and organization, and the identification, monitoring and management of credit risks, see Credit Risk Management on pages 86–107 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
In the following tables, total loans include loans retained (i.e., held-for-investment); loans held-for-sale (which are carried at the lower of cost or fair value, with valuation changes recorded in the provision for credit losses and/or noninterest revenue); and certain loans accounted for at fair value. The following tables do not include certain loans the Firm accounts for at fair value and classifies as trading assets. For further information regarding these loans, see Notes 2 and 3. For additional information on the Firm’s loans, lending-related commitments and derivative receivables, including the Firm’s accounting policies, see Notes 11, 19, and 4, respectively.
For further information regarding the credit risk inherent in the Firm’s cash placed with banks, see Wholesale credit exposure – industry exposures on pages 58–60; for information regarding the credit risk inherent in the
Firm’s investment securities portfolio, see Note 9 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report; and for information regarding the credit risk inherent in the securities financing portfolio, see Note 10 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 13 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.

 
Total credit portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
Credit exposure
 
Nonperforming(b)(c)
(in millions)
Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016

 
Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016

Loans retained
$
899,576

$
889,907

 
$
5,827

$
6,721

Loans held-for-sale
7,212

2,628

 
64

162

Loans at fair value
1,979

2,230

 


Total loans
908,767

894,765

 
5,891

6,883

Derivative receivables
56,506

64,078

 
170

223

Receivables from customers and other
19,531

17,560

 


Total credit-related assets
984,804

976,403

 
6,061

7,106

Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
 
 
 
 
 
Real estate owned
NA

NA

 
322

370

Other
NA

NA

 
49

59

Total assets acquired in loan satisfactions
NA

NA

 
371

429

Total assets
984,804

976,403

 
6,432

7,535

Lending-related commitments
1,000,924

976,702

 
750

506

Total credit portfolio
$
1,985,728

$
1,953,105

 
$
7,182

$
8,041

Credit derivatives used
in credit portfolio management activities(a)
$
(21,723
)
$
(22,114
)
 
$

$

Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
(18,552
)
(22,705
)
 
NA

NA

(in millions,
except ratios)
Three months
ended June 30,
 
Six months
ended June 30,
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

Net charge-offs(d)
$
1,204

$
1,181

 
$
2,858

$
2,291

Average retained loans
 
 
 
 
 
Loans
892,840

855,622

 
889,229

846,036

Loans – excluding residential real estate PCI loans
859,102

816,572

 
854,842

806,314

Net charge-off rates(d)
 
 
 
 
 
Loans
0.54
%
0.56
%
 
0.65
%
0.54
%
Loans – excluding PCI
0.56

0.58

 
0.67

0.57

(a)
Represents the net notional amount of protection purchased and sold through credit derivatives used to manage both performing and nonperforming wholesale credit exposures; these derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP. For additional information, see Credit derivatives on page 62 and Note 4.
(b)
Excludes PCI loans. The Firm is recognizing interest income on each pool of PCI loans as they are all performing.
(c)
At June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, nonperforming assets excluded: (1) mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $4.1 billion and $5.0 billion, respectively, that are 90 or more days past due; (2) student loans insured by U.S. government agencies under the FFELP of $24 million and $263 million, respectively, that are 90 or more days past due; and (3) real estate owned (“REO”) insured by U.S. government agencies of $105 million and $142 million, respectively. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee. In addition, the Firm’s policy is generally to exempt credit card loans from being placed on nonaccrual status as permitted by regulatory guidance issued by the Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (“FFIEC”).
(d)
For the six months ended June 30, 2017, excluding net charge-offs of $467 million related to the student loan portfolio transfer, the net charge-off rate for Loans would have been 0.54% and for Loans – excluding PCI would have been 0.56%. For additional information refer to CCB segment results on page 21.

49


CONSUMER CREDIT PORTFOLIO
The Firm’s retained consumer portfolio consists primarily of residential real estate loans, credit card loans, auto loans, and business banking loans, and associated lending-related commitments. The Firm’s focus is on serving primarily the prime segment of the consumer credit market. For further
 
information on consumer loans, see Note 11 of this Form 10-Q and Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 89–95 and Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report. For further information on lending-related commitments, see Note 19 of this Form 10-Q.
The following table presents consumer credit-related information with respect to the credit portfolio held by CCB, prime mortgage and home equity loans held by AWM, and prime mortgage loans held by Corporate.
Consumer credit portfolio
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,

(in millions, except ratios)
Credit exposure
 
Nonaccrual
loans
(k)(l)
 
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)(m)
 
Average annual net charge-off/(recovery) rate(m)(n)
 
Net charge-offs(e)(m)
 
Average annual net charge-off rate(e)(m)(n)
Jun 30,
2017

 
Dec 31,
2016

 
Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016

 
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

Consumer, excluding credit card
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans, excluding PCI loans and loans held-for-sale
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
$
36,000

 
$
39,063

 
$
1,645

$
1,845

 
$
9

$
36

 
0.10
 %
0.34
%
 
$
58

$
95

 
0.31
%
0.43
%
Residential mortgage(a)
205,380

 
192,486

 
2,089

2,256

 
(3
)
3

 
(0.01
)
0.01

 

4

 


Auto(b)(c)
65,627

 
65,814

 
158

214

 
48

46

 
0.29

0.29

 
129

113

 
0.40

0.36

Consumer & Business
Banking
(a)(c)(d)
25,044

 
24,307

 
301

287

 
56

53

 
0.91

0.92

 
113

109

 
0.93

0.95

Student(a)(e)

 
7,057

 

165

 

29

 

1.50

 
498

66

 
NM

1.68

Total loans, excluding PCI loans and loans held-for-sale
332,051

 
328,727

 
4,193

4,767

 
110

167

 
0.13

0.21

 
798

387

 
0.49

0.25

Loans – PCI
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
11,838

 
12,902

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA
NA
Prime mortgage
7,023

 
7,602

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA
NA
Subprime mortgage
2,771

 
2,941

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA
NA
Option ARMs(f)
11,432

 
12,234

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA
NA
Total loans – PCI
33,064

 
35,679

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA

NA

 
NA
NA
Total loans – retained
365,115

 
364,406

 
4,193

4,767

 
110

167

 
0.12

0.19

 
798

387

 
0.44

0.22

Loans held-for-sale
256

(j) 
238

(j) 
33

53

 


 


 


 


Total consumer, excluding credit card loans
365,371

 
364,644

 
4,226

4,820

 
110

167

 
0.12

0.19

 
798

387

 
0.44

0.22

Lending-related commitments(g)
58,162

 
54,797

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Receivables from customers(h)
136

 
120

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total consumer exposure, excluding credit card
423,669

 
419,561

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit card
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans retained(i)
140,035

 
141,711

 


 
1,037

860

 
3.01

2.70

 
2,030

1,690

 
2.98

2.66

Loans held-for-sale
106

 
105

 


 


 


 


 


Total credit card loans
140,141

 
141,816

 


 
1,037

860

 
3.01

2.70

 
2,030

1,690

 
2.98

2.66

Lending-related commitments(g)
576,264

 
553,891

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total credit card exposure
716,405

 
695,707

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total consumer credit portfolio
$
1,140,074

 
$
1,115,268

 
$
4,226

$
4,820

 
$
1,147

$
1,027

 
0.92
 %
0.85
%
 
$
2,828

$
2,077

 
1.14
%
0.87
%
Memo: Total consumer credit portfolio, excluding PCI
$
1,107,010

 
$
1,079,589

 
$
4,226

$
4,820

 
$
1,147

$
1,027

 
0.99
 %
0.92
%
 
$
2,828

$
2,077

 
1.22
%
0.95
%
(a)
Certain loan portfolios have been reclassified. The prior period amounts have been revised to conform with the current period presentation.
(b)
At June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, excluded operating lease assets of $15.2 billion and $13.2 billion, respectively. These operating lease assets are included in other assets on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets.
(c)
Includes certain business banking and auto dealer risk-rated loans that apply the wholesale methodology for determining the allowance for loan losses; these loans are managed by CCB, and therefore, for consistency in presentation, are included within the consumer portfolio.
(d)
Predominantly includes Business Banking loans.
(e)
For the six months ended June 30, 2017, excluding net charge-offs of $467 million related to the student loan portfolio transfer, the net charge-off rate for Total consumer, excluding credit card and PCI loans and loans held-for-sale would have been 0.20%; Total consumer– retained excluding credit card loans would have been 0.18%; Total consumer credit portfolio would have been 0.95%; and Total consumer credit portfolio, excluding PCI loans would have been 1.02%. For additional information refer to CCB segment results on page 21.
(f)
At June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, approximately 68% and 66%, respectively, of the PCI option adjustable rate mortgage (“ARM”) portfolio has been modified into fixed-rate, fully amortizing loans.
(g)
Credit card and home equity lending-related commitments represent the total available lines of credit for these products. The Firm has not experienced, and does not anticipate, that all available lines of credit would be used at the same time. For credit card and home equity commitments (if certain conditions are met), the Firm can reduce or cancel these lines of credit by providing the borrower notice or, in some cases as permitted by law, without notice.

50


(h)
Receivables from customers represent margin loans to brokerage customers that are collateralized through assets maintained in the clients’ brokerage accounts, as such no allowance is held against these receivables. These receivables are reported within accrued interest and accounts receivable on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets.
(i)
Includes billed interest and fees net of an allowance for uncollectible interest and fees.
(j)
Includes residential mortgage loans held-for-sale at both June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. Also includes student loans held-for-sale at June 30, 2017.
(k)
At June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, nonaccrual loans excluded loans 90 or more days past due as follows: (1) mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $4.1 billion and $5.0 billion, respectively; and (2) student loans insured by U.S. government agencies under the FFELP of $24 million and $263 million, respectively. These amounts have been excluded from nonaccrual loans based upon the government guarantee. In addition, the Firm’s policy is generally to exempt credit card loans from being placed on nonaccrual status, as permitted by regulatory guidance issued by the FFIEC.
(l)
Excludes PCI loans. The Firm is recognizing interest income on each pool of PCI loans as they are all performing.
(m)
Net charge-offs and the net charge-off rates excluded write-offs in the PCI portfolio of $22 million and $41 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $46 million and $88 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These write-offs decreased the allowance for loan losses for PCI loans. See Allowance for Credit Losses on pages 63–65 for further details.
(n)
Average consumer loans held-for-sale were $4.9 billion and $354 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $2.6 billion and $389 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These amounts were excluded when calculating net charge-off rates.
Consumer, excluding credit card
Portfolio analysis
Consumer loan balances were relatively flat compared to balances at December 31, 2016 as originations of high-quality prime mortgage loans that have been retained on the balance sheet were offset by the sale of the student loan portfolio as well as paydowns and the charge-off or liquidation of delinquent loans. The credit environment remained favorable as a result of low unemployment levels and increases in home prices.
PCI loans are excluded from the following discussions of individual loan products and are addressed separately below. For further information about the Firm’s consumer portfolio, including information about delinquencies, loan modifications and other credit quality indicators, see
Note 11 of this Form 10-Q.
Home equity: The home equity portfolio declined from December 31, 2016 primarily reflecting loan paydowns and charge-offs. Both early-stage and late-stage delinquencies showed improvement from December 31, 2016. Nonaccrual loans decreased from December 31, 2016 primarily as a result of loss mitigation activities. Net charge-offs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 declined when compared with the same periods of the prior year, partially as a result of lower loan balances.
At June 30, 2017, approximately 90% of the Firm’s home equity portfolio consists of home equity lines of credit (“HELOCs”) and the remainder consists of home equity loans (“HELOANs”). For further information on the Firm’s home equity portfolio, see Note 11 of this Form 10-Q and Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 89–95 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
The carrying value of HELOCs outstanding was $32 billion at June 30, 2017. Of such amounts, $13 billion have recast from interest-only to fully amortizing payments or have been modified. Of the remaining $19 billion, approximately:
$13 billion are scheduled to recast from interest-only to fully amortizing payments in future periods, and
$6 billion are interest-only balloon HELOCs, which primarily mature after 2030.

 
The following chart illustrates the payment recast composition of the approximately $19 billion of HELOCs scheduled to recast in the future, based upon their current contractual terms.
HELOCs scheduled to recast
(at June 30, 2017)
corpq22017_chart-06314.jpg
The Firm has considered this payment recast risk in its allowance for loan losses based upon the estimated amount of payment shock (i.e., the excess of the fully-amortizing payment over the interest-only payment in effect prior to recast) resulting from the increase in the monthly payment expected to occur at the payment recast date, along with the corresponding estimated probability of default (“PD”) and loss severity assumptions. As part of its allowance estimate, the Firm also expects, based on observed activity in recent years, that approximately 25% of the carrying value of HELOCs scheduled to recast will voluntarily pre-pay prior to or after the recast. The HELOCs that have previously recast to fully amortizing payments generally have higher delinquency rates than the HELOCs within the revolving period, primarily as a result of the payment shock at the time of recast. Certain other factors, such as future developments in both unemployment rates and home prices, could also have a significant impact on the performance of these loans.

51


The Firm manages the risk of HELOCs during their revolving period by closing or reducing the undrawn line to the extent permitted by law when borrowers are exhibiting a material deterioration in their credit risk profile. The Firm will continue to evaluate both the near-term and longer-term recast risks inherent in its HELOC portfolio to ensure that changes in the Firm’s estimate of incurred losses are appropriately considered in the allowance for loan losses and that the Firm’s account management practices are appropriate given the portfolio’s risk profile.
Junior lien loans where the borrower has a senior lien loan that is either delinquent or has been modified are considered high-risk seconds. Such loans are considered to pose a higher risk of default than junior lien loans for which the senior lien is neither delinquent nor modified. At June 30, 2017, the Firm estimated that the carrying value of its home equity portfolio contained approximately $0.9 billion of current junior lien loans that were considered high risk seconds, compared with $1.1 billion at December 31, 2016. The Firm estimates the balance of its total exposure to high-risk seconds on a quarterly basis using internal data and loan level credit bureau data (which typically provides the delinquency status of the senior lien). The Firm considers the increased PD associated with these high-risk seconds in estimating the allowance for loan losses and classifies those loans that are subordinated to a first lien loan that is more than 90 days delinquent as nonaccrual loans. The estimated balance of these high-risk seconds may vary from quarter to quarter for reasons such as the movement of related senior liens into and out of the 30+ day delinquency bucket. The Firm continues to monitor the risks associated with these loans. For further information, see Note 11.
Residential mortgage: The residential mortgage portfolio predominantly consists of high-quality prime mortgage loans, with a small component (approximately 1%) of the residential mortgage portfolio in subprime mortgage loans. These subprime mortgage loans continue to run-off and are performing in line with expectations. The residential mortgage portfolio, including loans held-for-sale, increased from December 31, 2016 due to retained originations of primarily high-quality fixed rate prime mortgage loans partially offset by paydowns and the charge-off or liquidation of delinquent loans. Both early-stage and late-stage delinquencies showed improvement from December 31, 2016. Nonaccrual loans decreased from December 31, 2016 primarily as a result of loss mitigation activities. Net charge-offs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 remain low, reflecting continued improvement in home prices and delinquencies.
At June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, the Firm’s residential mortgage portfolio, including loans held-for-sale, included $8.7 billion and $9.5 billion, respectively, of mortgage loans insured and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies, of which $6.0 billion and $7.0 billion, respectively, were 30 days or more past due (of these past due loans, $4.1 billion and $5.0 billion, respectively, were
 
90 days or more past due). The Firm monitors its exposure to certain potential unrecoverable claim payments related to government-insured loans and considers this exposure in estimating the allowance for loan losses.
At June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, the Firm’s residential mortgage portfolio included $19.7 billion and $19.1 billion, respectively, of interest-only loans. These loans have an interest-only payment period generally followed by an adjustable-rate or fixed-rate fully amortizing payment period to maturity and are typically originated as higher-balance loans to higher-income borrowers. To date, losses on this portfolio generally have been consistent with the broader residential mortgage portfolio and the Firm’s expectations. The Firm continues to monitor the risks associated with these loans.
Auto: Auto loans were relatively flat compared with December 31, 2016, as paydowns and the charge-off or liquidation of delinquent loans were offset by new originations. Nonaccrual loans decreased compared with December 31, 2016. Net charge-offs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 increased compared with the same period in the prior year, as a result of a moderate increase in loss severity. The auto portfolio predominantly consists of prime-quality loans.
Consumer & Business Banking: Consumer & Business Banking loans increased compared with December 31, 2016, as growth in loan originations were partially offset by paydowns and the charge-off or liquidation of delinquent loans. Nonaccrual loans increased slightly compared with December 31, 2016. Net charge-offs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 increased compared to the prior year.
Student: The Firm transferred the student loan portfolio to held-for-sale in the first quarter of 2017 and sold substantially all of the portfolio in the second quarter of 2017. Net charge-offs for the six months ended June 30, 2017 increased as a result of the write-down of the portfolio at the time of the transfer.
Purchased credit-impaired loans: PCI loans decreased as the portfolio continues to run off. As of June 30, 2017, approximately 11% of the option ARM PCI loans were delinquent and approximately 68% of the portfolio had been modified into fixed-rate, fully amortizing loans. Substantially all of the remaining loans are making amortizing payments, although such payments are not necessarily fully amortizing. This latter group of loans is subject to the risk of payment shock due to future payment recast. Default rates generally increase on option ARM loans when payment recast results in a payment increase. The expected increase in default rates is considered in the Firm’s quarterly impairment assessment.

52


The following table provides a summary of lifetime principal loss estimates included in either the nonaccretable difference or the allowance for loan losses.
Summary of PCI loans lifetime principal loss estimates
 
Lifetime loss
 estimates(a)
 
Life-to-date liquidation
 losses(b)
(in billions)
Jun 30,
2017

 
Dec 31,
2016

 
Jun 30,
2017

 
Dec 31,
2016

Home equity
$
14.0

 
$
14.4

 
$
12.8

 
$
12.8

Prime mortgage
3.9

 
4.0

 
3.8

 
3.7

Subprime mortgage
3.2

 
3.2

 
3.1

 
3.1

Option ARMs
9.9

 
10.0

 
9.7

 
9.7

Total
$
31.0

 
$
31.6

 
$
29.4

 
$
29.3

(a)
Includes the original nonaccretable difference established in purchase accounting of $30.5 billion for principal losses plus additional principal losses recognized subsequent to acquisition through the provision and allowance for loan losses. The remaining nonaccretable difference for principal losses was $962 million and $1.1 billion at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively.
(b)
Life-to-date liquidation losses represent both realization of loss upon loan resolution and any principal forgiven upon modification.
Current estimated loan-to-value ratio of residential real estate loans
The current estimated average loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratio for residential real estate loans retained, excluding mortgage loans guaranteed and/or insured by U.S. government agencies and PCI loans, was 57% at June 30, 2017, compared with 58% at December 31, 2016. The current estimated average LTV ratio for residential real estate PCI loans, based on the unpaid principal balances, was 61% at June 30, 2017, compared with 64% at December 31, 2016.
Average LTV ratios have declined consistent with recent improvements in home prices, customer pay downs, and charge-offs or liquidations of higher LTV loans. For further information on current estimated LTVs on residential real estate loans, see Note 11.
Geographic composition of residential real estate loans
For information on the geographic composition of the Firm’s residential real estate loans, see Note 11.
Loan modification activities – residential real estate loans
The performance of modified loans generally differs by product type due to differences in both the credit quality and the types of modifications provided. The performance of modifications completed under both the U.S. Government’s Home Affordable Modification Program (“HAMP”) and the Firm’s proprietary modification programs (primarily the Firm’s modification program that was modeled after HAMP), as measured through cumulative redefault rates, was not materially different from December 31, 2016. For further information on the Firm’s cumulative redefault rates see Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 89–95 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
 
Certain loans that were modified under HAMP and the Firm’s proprietary modification programs have interest rate reset provisions (“step-rate modifications”). Interest rates on these loans generally began to increase commencing in 2014 by 1% per year, and will continue to do so, until the rate reaches a specified cap. The cap on these loans is typically at a prevailing market interest rate for a fixed-rate mortgage loan as of the modification date. At June 30, 2017, the carrying value of non-PCI loans and the unpaid principal balance of PCI loans modified in step-rate modifications, which have not yet met their specified caps, were $3 billion and $8 billion, respectively. The Firm continues to monitor this risk exposure and the impact of these potential interest rate increases is considered in the Firm’s allowance for loan losses.
The following table presents information as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, relating to modified retained residential real estate loans for which concessions have been granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. For further information on modifications for
the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, see Note 11.
Modified residential real estate loans
 
June 30, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
(in millions)
Retained loans
Non-accrual
retained loans
(d)
 
Retained loans
Non-accrual
retained loans
(d)
Modified residential real estate loans, excluding
PCI loans(a)(b)
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
$
2,162

$
1,056

 
$
2,264

$
1,116

Residential mortgage
5,804

1,684

 
6,032

1,755

Total modified residential real estate loans, excluding PCI loans
$
7,966

$
2,740

 
$
8,296

$
2,871

Modified PCI loans(c)
 
 
 
 
 
Home equity
$
2,369

NA

 
$
2,447

NA

Prime mortgage
4,767

NA

 
5,052

NA

Subprime mortgage
2,815

NA

 
2,951

NA

Option ARMs
8,770

NA

 
9,295

NA

Total modified PCI loans
$
18,721

NA

 
$
19,745

NA

(a)
Amounts represent the carrying value of modified residential real estate loans.
(b)
At June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, $3.9 billion and $3.4 billion, respectively, of loans modified subsequent to repurchase from Ginnie Mae in accordance with the standards of the appropriate government agency (i.e., Federal Housing Administration (“FHA”), U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (“VA”), Rural Housing Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (“RHS”)) are not included in the table above. When such loans perform subsequent to modification in accordance with Ginnie Mae guidelines, they are generally sold back into Ginnie Mae loan pools. Modified loans that do not re-perform become subject to foreclosure. For additional information about sales
of loans in securitization transactions with Ginnie Mae, see Note 13.
(c)
Amounts represent the unpaid principal balance of modified PCI loans.
(d)
At both June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, nonaccrual loans included $2.3 billion of troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) for which the borrowers were less than 90 days past due. For additional information about loans modified in a TDR that are on nonaccrual status, see Note 11.

53


Nonperforming assets
The following table presents information as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, about consumer, excluding credit card, nonperforming assets.
Nonperforming assets(a)
 
 
 
(in millions)
June 30,
2017

 
December 31,
2016

Nonaccrual loans(b)
 
 
 
Residential real estate(c)
$
3,763

 
$
4,154

Other consumer(c)
463

 
666

Total nonaccrual loans
4,226

 
4,820

Assets acquired in loan satisfactions
 
 
 
Real estate owned
249

 
292

Other
47

 
57

Total assets acquired in loan satisfactions
296

 
349

Total nonperforming assets
$
4,522

 
$
5,169

(a)
At June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, nonperforming assets excluded: (1) mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $4.1 billion and $5.0 billion, respectively, that are 90 or more days past due; (2) student loans insured by U.S. government agencies under the FFELP of $24 million and $263 million, respectively, that are 90 or more days past due; and (3) REO insured by U.S. government agencies of $105 million and $142 million, respectively. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.
(b)
Excludes PCI loans which are accounted for on a pool basis. Since each pool is accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows, the past-due status of the pools, or that of individual loans within the pools, is not meaningful. The Firm is recognizing interest income on each pool of loans as they are all performing.
(c)
Certain loan portfolios have been reclassified. The prior period amounts have been revised to conform with the current period presentation.
 
Nonaccrual loans in the residential real estate portfolio decreased to $3.8 billion at June 30, 2017 from $4.2 billion at December 31, 2016, of which 27% and 29%, respectively, were greater than 150 days past due. In the aggregate, the unpaid principal balance of residential real estate loans greater than 150 days past due was charged down by approximately 43% to the estimated net realizable value of the collateral at both June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016.
Active and suspended foreclosure: For information on loans that were in the process of active or suspended foreclosure, see Note 11.
Nonaccrual loans: The following table presents changes in consumer, excluding credit card, nonaccrual loans for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.
Nonaccrual loan activity
 
 
Six months ended June 30, (in millions)
 
2017

2016

Beginning balance
 
$
4,820

$
5,413

Additions
 
1,647

1,802

Reductions:
 
 


Principal payments and other(a)
 
888

730

Charge-offs
 
372

354

Returned to performing status
 
750

853

Foreclosures and other liquidations
 
231

193

Total reductions
 
2,241

2,130

Net changes
 
(594
)
(328
)
Ending balance
 
$
4,226

$
5,085

(a)
Other reductions includes loan sales.

54


Credit card
Total credit card loans decreased from December 31, 2016 due to seasonality. The June 30, 2017 30+ day delinquency rate decreased to 1.59% from 1.61% at December 31, 2016, and remains near record lows. For the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the net charge-off rates were 3.01% and 2.70%, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the net charge-off rates were 2.98% and 2.66%, respectively. The credit card portfolio continues to reflect a largely well-seasoned portfolio that has good U.S. geographic diversification. New originations continue to grow as a percentage of the total portfolio; these originations have generated higher loss rates than the more seasoned portion of the portfolio given the higher mix of near-prime accounts being originated, in line with the Firm's credit parameters. These near-prime accounts, once seasoned, have net revenue rates and returns on equity that are higher than the portfolio average. For information on the geographic and FICO composition of the Firm’s credit card loans, see Note 11.
Modifications of credit card loans
At both June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the Firm had $1.2 billion of credit card loans outstanding that have been modified in TDRs. These balances included both credit card loans with modified payment terms and credit card loans that reverted back to their pre-modification payment terms because the cardholder did not comply with the modified payment terms.
Consistent with the Firm’s policy, all credit card loans typically remain on accrual status until charged-off. However, the Firm establishes an allowance, which is offset against loans and charged to interest income, for the estimated uncollectible portion of accrued and billed interest and fee income.
For additional information about loan modification programs to borrowers, see Note 11.

55


WHOLESALE CREDIT PORTFOLIO
The Firm’s wholesale businesses are exposed to credit risk through underwriting, lending, market-making, and hedging activities with and for clients and counterparties, as well as through various operating services such as cash management and clearing activities. A portion of the loans originated or acquired by the Firm’s wholesale businesses is generally retained on the balance sheet. The Firm distributes a significant percentage of the loans it originates into the market as part of its syndicated loan business and to manage portfolio concentrations and credit risk.
The wholesale credit portfolio continued to be generally stable for the six months ended June 30, 2017, characterized by low levels of criticized exposure, nonaccrual loans and charge-offs. See industry discussion on pages 58–60 for further information. Growth in retained loans was predominantly driven by CB. Discipline in underwriting across all areas of lending continues to remain a key point of focus. The wholesale portfolio is actively managed, in part by conducting ongoing, in-depth reviews of client credit quality and transaction structure inclusive of collateral where applicable, as well as reviews of industry, product and client concentrations.
 
In the following tables, the Firm’s wholesale credit portfolio includes exposure held in CIB, CB, AWM and Corporate, and excludes all exposure managed by CCB.
Wholesale credit portfolio
 
Credit exposure
 
Nonperforming(c)
(in millions)
Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016

 
Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016

Loans retained
$
394,426

$
383,790

 
$
1,634

$
1,954

Loans held-for-sale
6,850

2,285

 
31

109

Loans at fair value
1,979

2,230

 


Loans
403,255

388,305

 
1,665

2,063

Derivative receivables
56,506

64,078

 
170

223

Receivables from customers and other(a)
19,395

17,440

 


Total wholesale credit-related assets
479,156

469,823

 
1,835

2,286

Lending-related commitments
366,498

368,014

 
750

506

Total wholesale credit exposure
$
845,654

$
837,837

 
$
2,585

$
2,792

Credit derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities(b)
$
(21,723
)
$
(22,114
)
 
$

$

Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
(18,552
)
(22,705
)
 
NA

NA

(a)
Receivables from customers and other include $19.4 billion and $17.3 billion of margin loans at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively, to prime brokerage customers; these are classified in accrued interest and accounts receivable on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(b)
Represents the net notional amount of protection purchased and sold through credit derivatives used to manage both performing and nonperforming wholesale credit exposures; these derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP. For additional information, see Credit derivatives on page 62, and Note 4.
(c)
Excludes assets acquired in loan satisfactions.

56


The following tables present the maturity and ratings profiles of the wholesale credit portfolio as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016. The ratings scale is based on the Firm’s internal risk ratings, which generally correspond to the ratings defined by S&P and Moody’s. For additional information on wholesale loan portfolio risk ratings, see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
Wholesale credit exposure – maturity and ratings profile
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Maturity profile(d)
 
Ratings profile
 
Due in 1 year or less
Due after 1 year through 5 years
Due after 5 years
Total
 
Investment-grade
 
Noninvestment-grade
Total
Total % of IG
June 30, 2017
(in millions, except ratios)
 
AAA/Aaa to BBB-/Baa3
 
BB+/Ba1 & below
Loans retained
$
114,667

$
177,751

$
102,008

$
394,426

 
$
302,686

 
$
91,740

$
394,426

77
%
Derivative receivables
 
 
 
56,506

 
 
 
 
56,506

 
Less: Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
 
 
 
(18,552
)
 
 
 
 
(18,552
)
 
Total derivative receivables, net of all collateral
8,820

8,372

20,762

37,954

 
30,010

 
7,944

37,954

79

Lending-related commitments
88,305

266,467

11,726

366,498

 
269,686

 
96,812

366,498

74

Subtotal
211,792

452,590

134,496

798,878

 
602,382

 
196,496

798,878

75

Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value(a)
 
 
 
8,829

 
 
 
 
8,829

 
Receivables from customers and other
 
 
 
19,395

 
 
 
 
19,395

 
Total exposure – net of liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
 
 
 
$
827,102

 
 
 
 
$
827,102

 
Credit derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities(b)(c)
$
(1,134
)
$
(16,247
)
$
(4,342
)
$
(21,723
)
 
$
(18,420
)
 
$
(3,303
)
$
(21,723
)
85
%
 
Maturity profile(d)
 
Ratings profile
 
Due in 1 year or less
Due after 1 year through 5 years
Due after 5 years
Total
 
Investment-grade
 
Noninvestment-grade
Total
Total % of IG
December 31, 2016
(in millions, except ratios)
 
AAA/Aaa to BBB-/Baa3
 
BB+/Ba1 & below
Loans retained
$
117,238

$
167,235

$
99,317

$
383,790

 
$
289,923

 
$
93,867

$
383,790

76
%
Derivative receivables
 
 
 
64,078

 
 
 
 
64,078

 
Less: Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
 
 
 
(22,705
)
 
 
 
 
(22,705
)
 
Total derivative receivables, net of all collateral
14,019

8,510

18,844

41,373

 
33,081

 
8,292

41,373

80

Lending-related commitments
88,399

271,825

7,790

368,014

 
269,820

 
98,194

368,014

73

Subtotal
219,656

447,570

125,951

793,177

 
592,824

 
200,353

793,177

75

Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value(a)
 
 
 
4,515

 
 
 
 
4,515

 
Receivables from customers and other
 
 
 
17,440

 
 
 
 
17,440

 
Total exposure – net of liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivatives
 
 
 
$
815,132

 
 
 
 
$
815,132

 
Credit derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities(b)(c)
$
(1,354
)
$
(16,537
)
$
(4,223
)
$
(22,114
)
 
$
(18,710
)
 
$
(3,404
)
$
(22,114
)
85
%
(a)
Represents loans held-for-sale, primarily related to syndicated loans and loans transferred from the retained portfolio, and loans at fair value.
(b)
These derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP.
(c)
The notional amounts are presented on a net basis by underlying reference entity and the ratings profile shown is based on the ratings of the reference entity on which protection has been purchased. Predominantly all of the credit derivatives entered into by the Firm where it has purchased protection, including credit derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities, are executed with investment-grade counterparties.
(d)
The maturity profile of retained loans, lending-related commitments and derivative receivables is based on the remaining contractual maturity. Derivative contracts that are in a receivable position at June 30, 2017, may become payable prior to maturity based on their cash flow profile or changes in market conditions.


57


Wholesale credit exposure – industry exposures
The Firm focuses on the management and diversification of its industry exposures, and pays particular attention to industries with actual or potential credit concerns. Exposures deemed criticized align with the U.S. banking regulators’ definition of criticized exposures, which consist
 
of the special mention, substandard and doubtful categories. The total criticized component of the portfolio, excluding loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value, was $16.5 billion at June 30, 2017, compared with $19.8 billion at December 31, 2016, with the decrease largely driven by Oil & Gas.
Effective in the first quarter of 2017, the Firm revised its methodology for the assignment of industry classifications, to better monitor and manage concentrations. This largely resulted in the re-assignment of holding companies from All other to the industry of risk category based on the primary business activity of the holding company’s underlying companies or enterprises. In the tables and industry discussions below, the prior period amounts have been revised to conform with the current period presentation.
Below are summaries of the Firm’s exposures as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016. For additional information on industry concentrations, see Note 5 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
Wholesale credit exposure  industries(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selected metrics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
30 days or more past due and accruing
loans
Net
charge-offs/
(recoveries)
Credit derivative hedges(f)
Liquid securities
and other cash collateral held against derivative
receivables
 
 
 
 
Noninvestment-grade
As of or for the six months ended
Credit exposure(e)
Investment- grade
 
Noncriticized
 
Criticized performing
Criticized nonperforming
June 30, 2017
(in millions)
Real Estate
$
137,743

$
110,956

 
$
25,652

 
$
983

$
152

$
140

$
(2
)
$
(40
)
$
(6
)
Consumer & Retail
90,296

61,168

 
27,492

 
1,480

156

155

13

(407
)
(22
)
Technology, Media & Telecommunications
58,668

36,000

 
21,370

 
1,249

49

7

(18
)
(445
)
(86
)
Industrials
57,316

36,582

 
19,629

 
932

173

98

6

(379
)
(38
)
Healthcare
48,697

37,481

 
10,190

 
968

58

7

(1
)
(245
)
(260
)
Banks & Finance Cos
46,489

33,160

 
12,805

 
493

31

16

(1
)
(1,359
)
(4,470
)
Oil & Gas
38,832

18,967

 
12,734

 
5,896

1,235

4

37

(1,127
)
(37
)
Asset Managers
32,248

27,456

 
4,763

 
28

1

66



(4,853
)
Utilities
30,605

24,508

 
5,762

 
174

161


11

(266
)
(106
)
State & Municipal Govt(b)
27,590

26,990

 
569

 
1

30

5


(130
)
(97
)
Central Govt
18,760

18,411

 
323

 
26


2


(10,355
)
(3,599
)
Transportation
17,677

11,287

 
5,743

 
524

123

3

10

(71
)
(170
)
Automotive
15,895

9,309

 
6,450

 
135

1

1


(362
)
(9
)
Chemicals & Plastics
15,494

11,306

 
4,123

 
65


2


(30
)
(5
)
Metals & Mining
13,455

6,240

 
6,344

 
871


1

(14
)
(374
)
(14
)
Insurance
11,808

9,684

 
2,026

 

98

8


(232
)
(2,064
)
Financial Markets Infrastructure
7,872

6,862

 
1,010

 





(358
)
Securities Firms
5,200

2,701

 
2,496

 
3




(274
)
(912
)
All other(c)
142,785

130,104

 
12,306

 
89

286

936

(11
)
(5,627
)
(1,446
)
Subtotal
$
817,430

$
619,172

 
$
181,787

 
$
13,917

$
2,554

$
1,451

$
30

$
(21,723
)
$
(18,552
)
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
8,829

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Receivables from customers and other
19,395

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total(d)
$
845,654

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

58













(continued from previous page)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 








Selected metrics








30 days or more past due and accruing
loans
Net
charge-offs/
(recoveries)
Credit derivative hedges(f)
Liquid securities
and other cash collateral held against derivative
receivables




Noninvestment-grade
As of or for the year ended
Credit exposure(e)
Investment- grade

Noncriticized

Criticized performing
Criticized nonperforming
December 31, 2016
(in millions)
Real Estate
$
134,287

$
104,869


$
28,281


$
937

$
200

$
206

$
(7
)
$
(54
)
$
(11
)
Consumer & Retail
84,804

54,730


28,255


1,571

248

75

24

(424
)
(69
)
Technology, Media & Telecommunications
63,324

39,998


21,751


1,559

16

9

2

(589
)
(30
)
Industrials
55,733

36,710

 
17,854

 
1,033

136

128

3

(434
)
(40
)
Healthcare
49,445

39,244


9,279


882

40

86

37

(286
)
(246
)
Banks & Finance Cos
48,393

35,385


12,560


438

10

21

(2
)
(1,336
)
(7,337
)
Oil & Gas
40,367

18,629


12,274


8,069

1,395

31

233

(1,532
)
(18
)
Asset Managers
33,201

29,194


4,006


1


17



(5,737
)
Utilities
29,672

24,203


4,959


424

86

8


(306
)
39

State & Municipal Govt(b)
28,263

27,603


624


6

30

107

(1
)
(130
)
398

Central Govt
20,408

20,123


276


9


4


(11,691
)
(4,183
)
Transportation
19,096

12,178


6,421


444

53

9

10

(93
)
(188
)
Automotive
16,736

9,235


7,299


201

1

7


(401
)
(14
)
Chemicals & Plastics
15,043

10,405


4,452


156

30

3


(35
)
(3
)
Metals & Mining
13,419

5,523


6,744


1,133

19


36

(621
)
(62
)
Insurance
13,510

10,918


2,459



133

9


(275
)
(2,538
)
Financial Markets Infrastructure
8,732

7,980


752







(390
)
Securities Firms
4,211

1,812


2,399






(273
)
(491
)
All other(c)
137,238

124,661


11,988


303

286

598

6

(3,634
)
(1,785
)
Subtotal
$
815,882

$
613,400


$
182,633


$
17,166

$
2,683

$
1,318

$
341

$
(22,114
)
$
(22,705
)
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value
4,515


















Receivables from customers and other
17,440



















Total(d)
$
837,837

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a)
The industry rankings presented in the table as of December 31, 2016, are based on the industry rankings of the corresponding exposures at June 30, 2017, not actual rankings of such exposures at December 31, 2016.
(b)
In addition to the credit risk exposure to states and municipal governments (both U.S. and non-U.S.) at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, noted above, the Firm held: $8.8 billion and $9.1 billion, respectively, of trading securities; $32.5 billion and $31.6 billion, respectively, of AFS securities; and $14.4 billion and $14.5 billion, respectively, of held-to-maturity (“HTM”) securities, issued by U.S. state and municipal governments. For further information, see Note 2 and Note 9.
(c)
All other includes: individuals; SPEs; and private education and civic organizations; representing approximately 59%, 37%, and 4%, respectively, at both June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
(d)
Excludes cash placed with banks of $440.8 billion and $380.2 billion, at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively, which is predominantly placed with various central banks, primarily Federal Reserve Banks.
(e)
Credit exposure is net of risk participations and excludes the benefit of credit derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities held against derivative receivables or loans and liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivative receivables.
(f)
Represents the net notional amounts of protection purchased and sold through credit derivatives used to manage the credit exposures; these derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting under U.S. GAAP. The All other category includes purchased credit protection on certain credit indices.


59


Presented below is a discussion of certain industries to which the Firm has significant exposures and/or which present actual or potential credit concerns.
Real Estate
Exposure to the Real Estate industry increased $3.5 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2017, to $137.7 billion, predominantly driven by multifamily lending within CB. Of the $137.7 billion as of June 30, 2017, 81% was investment-grade, and 84% was secured. As of June 30, 2017, $84.2 billion of the $137.7 billion was multifamily, largely in California; of the $84.2 billion, 85% was investment-grade and 96% was secured. Other Real Estate exposure was $53.5 billion, of which 73% was investment-grade, and 64% was secured; unsecured exposure was 85% investment-grade. For further information on commercial real estate loans, see Note 11.
Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipelines
The following table presents Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipeline exposures as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016.
 
June 30, 2017
 
(in millions, except ratios)
Loans and Lending-related Commitments
 
Derivative Receivables
 
Credit exposure
 
% Investment-grade
% Drawn(d)
Exploration & Production (“E&P”) and Oilfield Services(a)
$
20,416

 
$
417

 
$
20,833

 
30
%
 
31
%
 
Other Oil & Gas(b)
17,722

 
277

 
17,999

 
71

 
31

 
Total Oil & Gas
38,138

 
694

 
38,832

 
49

 
31

 
Natural Gas Pipelines(c)
4,740

 
60

 
4,800

 
60

 
16

 
Total Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipelines
$
42,878

 
$
754

 
$
43,632

 
50

 
30

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2016
 
(in millions, except ratios)
Loans and Lending-related Commitments
 
Derivative
Receivables
 
Credit exposure
 
% Investment-
grade
% Drawn(d)
E&P and Oilfield Services(a)
$
20,971

 
$
1,256

 
$
22,227

 
27
%
 
35
%
 
Other Oil & Gas(b)
17,518

 
622

 
18,140

 
70

 
31

 
Total Oil & Gas
38,489

 
1,878

 
40,367

 
46

 
33

 
Natural Gas Pipelines(c)
4,253

 
106

 
4,359

 
66

 
30

 
Total Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipelines
$
42,742

 
$
1,984

 
$
44,726

 
48

 
33

 
(a)
Noninvestment-grade exposure to E&P and Oilfield Services is largely secured.
(b)
Other Oil & Gas includes Integrated Oil & Gas companies, Midstream/Oil Pipeline companies and refineries.
(c)
Natural Gas Pipelines is reported within the Utilities industry.
(d)
Represents drawn exposure as a percentage of credit exposure.
Exposure to the Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipelines portfolios was approximately 5.2% and 5.3% of the Firm’s total wholesale exposure as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. Exposure to these industries decreased by $1.1 billion during the six months ended June 30, 2017 to $43.6 billion; of the $43.6 billion, approximately $12.9 billion was drawn as of June 30, 2017. As of June 30, 2017, approximately $21.9 billion of the exposure was investment grade, of which $4.6 billion was drawn, and approximately $21.8 billion of the exposure was noninvestment-grade, of which $8.3 billion was drawn; 16% of the exposure to the Oil & Gas and Natural Gas Pipelines industries was criticized. Secured lending, of which approximately half is reserve-based lending to the Exploration & Production sub-sector of the Oil & Gas industry, was $14.7 billion as of June 30, 2017; 42% of the secured lending exposure was drawn. Exposure to commercial real estate, which is reported within the Real Estate industry, in certain areas of Texas, California and Colorado that are deemed sensitive to the Oil & Gas industry, was approximately $4.5 billion as of June 30, 2017. While the overall trends and sentiment have been stabilizing, the Firm continues to actively monitor and manage its exposure to these portfolios.



60


Loans
In the normal course of its wholesale business, the Firm provides loans to a variety of customers, ranging from large corporate and institutional clients to high-net-worth individuals. For further discussion on loans, including information on credit quality indicators and sales of loans, see Note 11.
The following table presents the change in the nonaccrual loan portfolio for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.
Wholesale nonaccrual loan activity(a)
Six months ended June 30,
 
 
 
(in millions)
 
2017

2016

Beginning balance
 
$
2,063

$
1,016

Additions
 
747

1,902

Reductions:
 
 
 
Paydowns and other
 
666

419

Gross charge-offs
 
93

226

Returned to performing status
 
183

149

Sales
 
203

24

Total reductions
 
1,145

818

Net changes
 
(398
)
1,084

Ending balance
 
$
1,665

$
2,100

(a)
Loans are placed on nonaccrual status when management believes full payment of principal or interest is not expected, regardless of delinquency status, or when principal or interest have been in default for a period of 90 days or more, unless the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection.
The following table presents net charge-offs/recoveries, which are defined as gross charge-offs less recoveries, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. The amounts in the table below do not include gains or losses from sales of nonaccrual loans.
Wholesale net charge-offs/(recoveries)
(in millions, except ratios)
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended
June 30,
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

Loans – reported
 
 
 
 
 
Average loans retained
$
392,257

$
369,706

 
$
387,339

$
365,006

Gross charge-offs
73

159

 
99

228

Gross recoveries
(16
)
(5
)
 
(69
)
(14
)
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
57

154

 
30

214

Net charge-off/(recovery) rate
0.06
%
0.17
%
 
0.02
%
0.12
%
 
Lending-related commitments
The Firm uses lending-related financial instruments, such as commitments (including revolving credit facilities) and guarantees, to meet the financing needs of its customers. The contractual amounts of these financial instruments represent the maximum possible credit risk should the counterparties draw down on these commitments or the Firm fulfills its obligations under these guarantees, and the counterparties subsequently fail to perform according to the terms of these contracts. Most of these commitments and guarantees are refinanced, extended, cancelled, or expire without being drawn upon or a default occurring. In the Firm’s view, the total contractual amount of these wholesale lending-related commitments is not representative of the Firm’s expected future credit exposure or funding requirements. For further information on wholesale lending-related commitments, see Note 19.
Derivative contracts
In the normal course of business, the Firm uses derivative instruments predominantly for market-making activities. Derivatives enable clients to manage exposures to fluctuations in interest rates, currencies and other markets. The Firm also uses derivative instruments to manage its own credit and other market risk exposure. For further discussion of derivative contracts, see Note 4.
The following table summarizes the net derivative receivables for the periods presented.
Derivative receivables
 
 
(in millions)
Derivative receivables
June 30,
2017

December 31,
2016

Interest rate
$
26,912

$
28,302

Credit derivatives
1,014

1,294

Foreign exchange
16,662

23,271

Equity
6,273

4,939

Commodity
5,645

6,272

Total, net of cash collateral
56,506

64,078

Liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivative receivables(a)
(18,552
)
(22,705
)
Total, net of collateral
$
37,954

$
41,373

(a)
Includes collateral related to derivative instruments where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained.

61


The fair value of derivative receivables reported on the Consolidated balance sheets were $56.5 billion and $64.1 billion at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively. These amounts represent the fair value of the derivative contracts after giving effect to legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral held by the Firm. However, in management’s view, the appropriate measure of current credit risk should also take into consideration additional liquid securities (primarily U.S. government and agency securities and other group of seven nations (“G7”) government bonds) and other cash collateral held by the Firm aggregating $18.6 billion and $22.7 billion at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively, that may be used as security when the fair value of the client’s exposure is in the Firm’s favor. The decrease in derivative receivables at June 30, 2017 from December 31, 2016, is predominantly related to client-driven market-making activities in CIB Markets, reflecting lower foreign exchange and interest rate derivative receivables, driven by maturities and market movements.
 
In addition to the collateral described in the preceding paragraph, the Firm also holds additional collateral (primarily cash, G7 government securities, other liquid government-agency and guaranteed securities, and corporate debt and equity securities) delivered by clients at the initiation of transactions, as well as collateral related to contracts that have a non-daily call frequency and collateral that the Firm has agreed to return but has not yet settled as of the reporting date. Although this collateral does not reduce the balances and is not included in the table above, it is available as security against potential exposure that could arise should the fair value of the client’s derivative transactions move in the Firm’s favor.
The derivative receivables fair value, net of all collateral, also does not include other credit enhancements, such as letters of credit. For additional information on the Firm’s use of collateral agreements, see Note 4.
The following table summarizes the ratings profile by derivative counterparty of the Firm’s derivative receivables, including credit derivatives, net of all collateral, at the dates indicated. The ratings scale is based on the Firm’s internal ratings, which generally correspond to the ratings as defined by S&P and Moody’s.
Ratings profile of derivative receivables
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
Rating equivalent
(in millions, except ratios)
Exposure net of collateral
% of exposure net of collateral
 
Exposure net of collateral
% of exposure net of collateral
AAA/Aaa to AA-/Aa3
$
9,472

25
%
 
$
11,449

28
%
A+/A1 to A-/A3
8,252

22

 
8,505

20

BBB+/Baa1 to BBB-/Baa3
12,286

32

 
13,127

32

BB+/Ba1 to B-/B3
7,295

19

 
7,308

18

CCC+/Caa1 and below
649

2

 
984

2

Total
$
37,954

100
%
 
$
41,373

100
%
As previously noted, the Firm uses collateral agreements to mitigate counterparty credit risk. The percentage of the Firm’s derivatives transactions subject to collateral agreements — excluding foreign exchange spot trades, which are not typically covered by collateral agreements due to their short maturity — was 91% and 90% at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
Credit derivatives
The Firm uses credit derivatives for two primary purposes: first, in its capacity as a market-maker, and second, as an end-user, to manage the Firm’s own credit risk associated with various exposures.
Credit portfolio management activities
Included in the Firm’s end-user activities are credit derivatives used to mitigate the credit risk associated with traditional lending activities (loans and unfunded commitments) and derivatives counterparty exposure in the Firm’s wholesale businesses (collectively, “credit portfolio management” activities). Information on credit portfolio management activities is provided in the table below.
 
Credit derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities
 
Notional amount of protection
purchased and sold(a)
(in millions)
June 30,
2017

 
December 31,
2016

Credit derivatives used to manage:
 
 
 
Loans and lending-related commitments
$
1,681

 
$
2,430

Derivative receivables
20,042

 
19,684

Credit derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities
$
21,723

 
$
22,114

(a)
Amounts are presented net, considering the Firm’s net protection purchased or sold with respect to each underlying reference entity or index.
For further information on credit derivatives and derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities, see Credit derivatives in Note 4 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 6 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.

62


ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
JPMorgan Chase’s allowance for loan losses covers both the consumer (primarily scored) portfolio and wholesale (risk-rated) portfolio. Management also determines an allowance for wholesale and certain consumer lending-related commitments.
For a further discussion of the components of the allowance for credit losses and related management judgments, see Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm on pages 77–79 and Note 12 of this Form 10-Q, and Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm on pages 132–134 and Note 15 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
At least quarterly, the allowance for credit losses is reviewed by the CRO, the CFO and the Controller of the Firm, and discussed with the Board of Directors’ Risk Policy Committee (“DRPC”) and Audit Committee. As of June 30, 2017, JPMorgan Chase deemed the allowance for credit losses to be appropriate and sufficient to absorb probable credit losses inherent in the portfolio.





 
Overall, the consumer allowance for credit losses remained relatively unchanged from December 31, 2016. Changes to the allowance for credit losses included:
the utilization of the allowance for loan losses in connection with the transfer of the student loan portfolio to held-for-sale;
a reduction in the residential real estate portfolio, predominantly reflecting continued improvements in home prices and delinquencies;
predominantly offset by
additions to the allowance for loan losses in the credit card, business banking and auto portfolios driven by loan growth as well as higher loss rates in credit card.
For additional information about delinquencies and nonaccrual loans in the consumer, excluding credit card, loan portfolio, see Consumer Credit Portfolio on pages 50–55 and Note 11.
The wholesale allowance for credit losses decreased from December 31, 2016, primarily driven by a net reduction in the allowance related to the Oil & Gas, Natural Gas Pipelines, and Metals & Mining portfolios. For additional information on the wholesale portfolio, see Wholesale Credit Portfolio on pages 56–62 and Note 11.


63


Summary of changes in the allowance for credit losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
Six months ended June 30,
Consumer, excluding
credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
 
Consumer, excluding
credit card
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
(in millions, except ratios)
 
Allowance for loan losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance at January 1,
$
5,198

$
4,034

$
4,544

$
13,776

 
$
5,806

$
3,434

$
4,315

$
13,555

Gross charge-offs
1,105

2,223

99

3,427

 
688

1,874

228

2,790

Gross recoveries
(307
)
(193
)
(69
)
(569
)
 
(301
)
(184
)
(14
)
(499
)
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)(a)
798

2,030

30

2,858

 
387

1,690

214

2,291

Write-offs of PCI loans(b)
46



46

 
88



88

Provision for loan losses
448

2,380

(337
)
2,491

 
316

1,940

796

3,052

Other
(2
)

2


 
(1
)


(1
)
Ending balance at June 30,
$
4,800

$
4,384

$
4,179

$
13,363

 
$
5,646

$
3,684

$
4,897

$
14,227

Impairment methodology
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-specific(c)
$
296

$
370

$
345

$
1,011

 
$
365

$
361

$
525

$
1,251

Formula-based
2,239

4,014

3,834

10,087

 
2,627

3,323

4,372

10,322

PCI
2,265



2,265

 
2,654



2,654

Total allowance for loan losses
$
4,800

$
4,384

$
4,179

$
13,363

 
$
5,646

$
3,684

$
4,897

$
14,227

Allowance for lending-related commitments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance at January 1,
$
26

$

$
1,052

$
1,078

 
$
14

$

$
772

$
786

Provision for lending-related commitments
6


33

39

 


174

174

Other




 




Ending balance at June 30,
$
32

$

$
1,085

$
1,117

 
$
14

$

$
946

$
960

Impairment methodology
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-specific
$

$

$
211

$
211

 
$

$

$
143

$
143

Formula-based
32


874

906

 
14


803

817

Total allowance for lending-related commitments(d)
$
32

$

$
1,085

$
1,117

 
$
14

$

$
946

$
960

Total allowance for credit losses
$
4,832

$
4,384

$
5,264

$
14,480

 
$
5,660

$
3,684

$
5,843

$
15,187

Memo:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Retained loans, end of period
$
365,115

$
140,035

$
394,426

$
899,576

 
$
361,050

$
131,507

$
374,174

$
866,731

Retained loans, average
364,316

137,574

387,339

889,229

 
353,259

127,771

365,006

846,036

PCI loans, end of period
33,064


3

33,067

 
38,360


4

38,364

Credit ratios
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses to retained loans
1.31
%
3.13
%
1.06
%
1.49
%
 
1.56
%
2.80
%
1.31
%
1.64
%
Allowance for loan losses to retained nonaccrual loans(e)
114

NM

256

229

 
111

NM

234

198

Allowance for loan losses to retained nonaccrual loans excluding credit card
114

NM

256

154

 
111

NM

234

147

Net charge-off/(recovery) rates(a)
0.44

2.98

0.02

0.65

 
0.22

2.66

0.12

0.54

Credit ratios, excluding residential real estate PCI loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses to retained loans
0.76

3.13

1.06

1.28

 
0.93

2.80

1.31

1.40

Allowance for loan losses to retained nonaccrual loans(e)
60

NM

256

190

 
59

NM

234

161

Allowance for loan losses to retained nonaccrual loans excluding credit card
60

NM

256

115

 
59

NM

234

110

Net charge-off/(recovery) rates(a)
0.49
%
2.98
%
0.02
%
0.67
%
 
0.25
%
2.66
%
0.12
%
0.57
%
Note In the table above, the financial measures which exclude the impact of PCI loans are non-GAAP financial measures.
(a)
For the six months ended June 30, 2017, excluding net charge-offs of $467 million related to the student loan portfolio transfer, the net charge-off rate for Consumer, excluding credit card would have been 0.18%; total Firm would have been 0.54%; Consumer, excluding credit card and PCI loans would have been 0.20%; and total Firm, excluding PCI would have been 0.56%. For additional information refer to CCB segment results on page 21.
(b)
Write-offs of PCI loans are recorded against the allowance for loan losses when actual losses for a pool exceed estimated losses that were recorded as purchase accounting adjustments at the time of acquisition. A write-off of a PCI loan is recognized when the underlying loan is removed from a pool (e.g., upon liquidation).
(c)
Includes risk-rated loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status and loans that have been modified in a TDR. The asset-specific credit card allowance for loan losses modified in a TDR is calculated based on the loans’ original contractual interest rates and does not consider any incremental penalty rates.
(d)
The allowance for lending-related commitments is reported in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(e)
The Firm’s policy is generally to exempt credit card loans from being placed on nonaccrual status as permitted by regulatory guidance.

64


Provision for credit losses
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, the provision for credit losses was $1.2 billion and $2.5 billion, respectively, compared with $1.4 billion and $3.2 billion, respectively, in the prior year periods. The decrease in the provision for both periods was driven by a decline in the wholesale provision, partially offset by an increase in the consumer provision.
The wholesale provision for credit losses for the three months and six months ended June 30, 2017 was a benefit, primarily driven by reductions in the allowance for credit losses related to the Oil & Gas, Natural Gas Pipelines, and Metals & Mining portfolios. The prior year reflected increases due to the impact of downgrades in the Oil & Gas, Natural Gas Pipelines, and Metals & Mining portfolios.
The increase in the consumer provision for the three months ended June 30, 2017 was primarily driven by $120 million of higher net charge-offs, predominantly in the credit card portfolio, and a $74 million higher addition to the allowance for credit losses when compared to the prior year.
Current quarter results included:
a $350 million addition to the allowance for credit losses in the credit card portfolio, due to loan growth and higher loss rates, compared to a $250 million addition in the prior year;
a $50 million addition to the allowance for credit losses in the business banking portfolio; and
a $25 million addition to the allowance for credit losses in the auto portfolio, compared to a $50 million addition in the prior year;
the additions were partially offset by
a $173 million reduction in the allowance for credit losses in the residential real estate portfolio, reflecting continued improvement in home prices and delinquencies, compared to a $97 million reduction in
 
the prior year.
The increase in the consumer provision for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was primarily driven by $284 million of higher net charge-offs, predominantly in the credit card portfolio, $218 million related to the transfer of the student loan portfolio to held-for-sale, and a $76 million higher addition to the allowance for credit losses when compared to the prior year.
Current year results included:
a $350 million addition to the allowance for credit losses in the credit card portfolio, due to loan growth and higher loss rates, compared to a $250 million addition in the prior year;
a $50 million addition to the allowance for credit losses in the business banking portfolio; and
a $25 million addition to the allowance for credit losses in the auto portfolio, compared to a $50 million addition in the prior year;
the additions were partially offset by
a $170 million reduction in the allowance for credit losses in the residential real estate portfolio, reflecting continued improvement in home prices and delinquencies, compared to a $96 million reduction in
the prior year.
 

 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
Provision for loan losses
 
Provision for lending-related commitments
 
Total provision for
credit losses
 
Provision for loan losses
 
Provision for lending-related commitments
 
Total provision for credit losses
(in millions)
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

Consumer, excluding credit card
$
6

$
95

 
$
6

$

 
$
12

$
95

 
$
448

$
316

 
$
6

$

 
$
454

$
316

Credit card
1,387

1,110

 


 
1,387

1,110

 
2,380

1,940

 


 
2,380

1,940

Total consumer
1,393

1,205

 
6


 
1,399

1,205

 
2,828

2,256

 
6


 
2,834

2,256

Wholesale
(218
)
251

 
34

(54
)
 
(184
)
197

 
(337
)
796

 
33

174

 
(304
)
970

Total
$
1,175

$
1,456

 
$
40

$
(54
)
 
$
1,215

$
1,402

 
$
2,491

$
3,052

 
$
39

$
174

 
$
2,530

$
3,226



65


COUNTRY RISK MANAGEMENT
Country risk is the risk that a sovereign event or action alters the value or terms of contractual obligations of obligors, counterparties and issuers or adversely affects markets related to a particular country. The Firm has a country risk management framework for assessing country risks, determining risk tolerance, and measuring and monitoring its direct country exposures. The Country Risk Management group is responsible for developing guidelines and policies for managing country risk in both emerging and developed countries. The Country Risk Management group actively monitors the various portfolios giving rise to country risk to ensure the Firm’s country risk exposures are diversified and that exposure levels are appropriate given the Firm’s strategy and risk tolerance relative to a country.
Country Risk Management periodically defines and runs stress scenarios for individual countries or groups of countries in response to specific or potential market events, sector performance concerns and geopolitical risks.
For a discussion of the Firm’s Country Risk Management organization; identification and measurement; stress testing; monitoring and control; and reporting, see pages 108–109 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
The following table presents the Firm’s top 20 exposures by country (excluding the U.S.) as of June 30, 2017. The selection of countries is based solely on the Firm’s largest total exposures by country, based on the Firm’s internal country risk management approach, and does not represent the Firm’s view of any actual or potentially adverse credit conditions. Country exposures may fluctuate from period to period due to client activity and market flows.

 
Top 20 country exposures (excluding the U.S.)
 
 
 
June 30, 2017

(in billions)
 
Lending and deposits(a)
Trading and investing(b)(c)
Other(d)
Total exposure
Germany
 
$
42.3

$
13.7

$
0.3

$
56.3

United Kingdom
 
27.9

13.9

0.6

42.4

Japan
 
23.5

6.8

0.1

30.4

France
 
11.6

7.1

0.3

19.0

China
 
9.2

5.0

0.8

15.0

Canada
 
11.1

3.0

0.1

14.2

Switzerland
 
8.0

0.8

3.7

12.5

Australia
 
6.3

5.1


11.4

India
 
3.8

5.1

0.8

9.7

Luxembourg
 
7.7

1.0


8.7

Netherlands
 
5.9

1.9

0.4

8.2

Korea
 
4.9

1.8

0.7

7.4

Brazil
 
3.8

2.9


6.7

Italy
 
5.8

0.8

0.1

6.7

Mexico
 
4.1

1.8


5.9

Hong Kong
 
2.5

1.4

1.6

5.5

Spain
 
4.2

1.0


5.2

Singapore
 
2.6

1.1

1.1

4.8

Saudi Arabia
 
3.7

1.0


4.7

Ireland
 
1.1

0.3

2.5

3.9

(a)
Lending and deposits includes loans and accrued interest receivable (net of collateral and the allowance for loan losses), deposits with banks (including central banks), acceptances, other monetary assets, issued letters of credit net of participations, and unused commitments to extend credit. Excludes intra-day and operating exposures, such as from settlement and clearing activities.
(b)
Includes market-making inventory, AFS securities, counterparty exposure on derivative and securities financings net of collateral and hedging.
(c)
Includes single reference entity (“single-name”), index and tranched credit derivatives for which one or more of the underlying reference entities is in a country listed in the above table.
(d)
Includes capital invested in local entities and physical commodity inventory.



66


LIQUIDITY RISK MANAGEMENT
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Firm will be unable to meet its contractual and contingent obligations or that it does not have the appropriate amount, composition and tenor of funding and liquidity to support its assets and liabilities. The following discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s Liquidity Risk Management should be read in conjunction with pages 110–115 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
LCR and NSFR
The LCR rule requires the Firm to maintain an amount of HQLA that is sufficient to meet its estimated total net cash outflows over a prospective 30 calendar-day period of significant stress. Under the LCR rule, the amount of HQLA held by JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A. and Chase Bank USA, N.A that is in excess of each entity’s standalone 100% minimum LCR requirement, and that is not available for transfer to non-bank affiliates, must be excluded from the Firm’s reported HQLA. The LCR was required to be a minimum of 100% commencing January 1, 2017. At June 30, 2017, the Firm was compliant with the LCR.
On December 19, 2016, the Federal Reserve published final LCR public disclosure requirements for certain bank holding companies and nonbank financial companies. Effective the second quarter of 2017, the Firm is required to disclose quarterly its consolidated LCR, including the Firm’s average LCR for the quarter and the key quantitative components of the average LCR in a standardized template, along with a qualitative discussion of material drivers of the ratio, changes over time, and causes of such changes. The initial public disclosure is required to be provided within 60 days of the end of the second quarter of 2017 and, thereafter, no later than the applicable filing deadline for the Firm’s 10-Q or 10-K.
The Basel Committee final standard for the net stable funding ratio (“Basel NSFR”) is intended to measure the adequacy of “available” and “required” amounts of stable funding over a one-year horizon. Basel NSFR will become a minimum standard by January 1, 2018 and requires that this ratio be equal to at least 100% on an ongoing basis.
On April 26, 2016, the U.S. NSFR proposal was released for large banks and bank holding companies and was largely consistent with Basel NSFR. The proposed requirement would apply beginning on January 1, 2018, consistent with the Basel NSFR timeline.
The Firm estimates it was compliant with the proposed U.S. NSFR based on data as of March 31, 2017, and on its current understanding of the proposed rule.
HQLA
HQLA is the amount of assets that qualify for inclusion in the LCR. HQLA primarily consists of unencumbered cash and certain high quality liquid securities as defined in the final LCR rule.
 
As of June 30, 2017, the Firm’s HQLA was $577 billion, compared with $524 billion as of December 31, 2016. The increase was largely driven by a reduction in the amount of excess HQLA in JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Chase Bank USA, N.A. that is excluded from the Firm's HQLA. The reduction in the amount of excluded excess HQLA was primarily due to (a) an increase in the amount of cash and securities held by the banks that became available to transfer to non-bank affiliates in accordance with Section 23A and Section 23B of the Federal Reserve Act and (b) an increase in deposits which funded loans, resulting in less excess HQLA at the banks. The Firm’s HQLA may fluctuate from period to period primarily due to normal flows from client activity.
The following table presents the Firm’s HQLA included in the LCR, broken out by HQLA-eligible cash and securities as of June 30, 2017.
(in billions)
June 30, 2017

HQLA
 
Eligible cash(a)
$
366

Eligible securities(b)
211

Total HQLA(c)
$
577

(a)
Cash on deposit at central banks, primarily Federal Reserve Banks.
(b)
Predominantly includes U.S. agency MBS, U.S. Treasuries, and sovereign bonds net of applicable haircuts under the LCR rules.
(c)
Excludes excess HQLA at JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Chase Bank USA, N.A. that is not transferable to non-bank affiliates.
As of June 30, 2017, in addition to HQLA reported above, the Firm had approximately $233 billion of unencumbered marketable securities, such as equity securities and fixed income debt securities, available to raise liquidity, if required. This includes HQLA-eligible securities included as part of the excess liquidity at JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. that is not transferable to non-bank affiliates. The Firm also maintains borrowing capacity at various Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLBs”), the Federal Reserve Bank discount window and various other central banks as a result of collateral pledged by the Firm to such banks. Although available, the Firm does not view the borrowing capacity at the Federal Reserve Bank discount window and the various other central banks as a primary source of liquidity. As of June 30, 2017, the Firm’s remaining borrowing capacity at various FHLBs and the Federal Reserve Bank discount window was approximately $258 billion. This remaining borrowing capacity excludes the benefit of securities included in HQLA or other unencumbered securities that are currently pledged at the Federal Reserve Bank discount window, but for which the Firm has not drawn liquidity.


67


Funding
Sources of funds
Management believes that the Firm’s secured and unsecured funding capacity is sufficient to meet its on- and off-balance sheet obligations.
The Firm funds its global balance sheet through diverse sources of funding including a stable deposit franchise as well as secured and unsecured funding in the capital markets. The Firm’s loan portfolio ($908.8 billion at June 30, 2017) is funded with a portion of the Firm’s deposits ($1,439.5 billion at June 30, 2017), and through securitizations and, with respect to a portion of the Firm’s real estate-related loans, with secured borrowings from the FHLBs. Deposits in excess of the amount utilized to fund loans are primarily invested in the Firm’s investment securities portfolio or deployed in cash or other short-term liquid investments based on their interest
 
rate and liquidity risk characteristics. Securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements and trading assets-debt and equity instruments are primarily funded by the Firm’s securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase, trading liabilities-debt and equity instruments, and a portion of the Firm’s long-term debt and stockholders’ equity. In addition to funding securities borrowed or purchased under resale agreements and trading assets-debt and equity instruments, proceeds from the Firm’s debt and equity issuances are used to fund certain loans and other financial and non-financial assets, or may be invested in the Firm’s investment securities portfolio. See the discussion below for additional information relating to Deposits, Short-term funding, and Long-term funding and issuance.

Deposits
The table below summarizes, by line of business, the deposits balances as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, and the average deposits balances for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
 
June 30, 2017

December 31, 2016

 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
Deposits
 
Average
 
Average
(in millions)
 
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

Consumer & Community Banking
$
648,369

$
618,337

 
$
639,873

$
583,115

 
$
631,441

$
572,699

Corporate & Investment Bank
467,858

412,434

 
442,387

407,084

 
434,968

399,853

Commercial Banking
173,964

179,532

 
173,081

169,090

 
174,843

170,105

Asset & Wealth Management
146,758

161,577

 
150,786

151,214

 
154,776

150,915

Corporate
2,524

3,299

 
4,002

5,463

 
4,870

6,046

Total Firm
$
1,439,473

$
1,375,179

 
$
1,410,129

$
1,315,966

 
$
1,400,898

$
1,299,618

A key strength of the Firm is its diversified deposit franchise, through each of its lines of business, which
provides a stable source of funding and limits reliance on the wholesale funding markets. A significant portion of the Firm’s deposits are consumer deposits, which are considered a stable source of liquidity. Additionally, the majority of the Firm’s wholesale operating deposits are also considered to be stable sources of liquidity because they are generated from customers that maintain operating service relationships with the Firm.
As of June 30, 2017, the Firm’s loans-to-deposits ratio was 63%, compared with 65% at December 31, 2016.
Total deposits for the Firm were $1,439.5 billion as of June 30, 2017, compared with $1,375.2 billion at December 31, 2016 (62% and 61% of total liabilities at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively). Deposits increased due to both higher wholesale and consumer deposits. The higher wholesale deposits were
 
driven by growth in client activity in CIB’s Securities Services and Treasury Services businesses, partially offset by lower balances in AWM reflecting balance migration into the Firm’s investment-related products, and the impact of seasonality in both CB and AWM. The higher consumer deposits reflected the continuation of strong growth from existing and new customers, and low attrition rates.

The Firm believes average deposit balances are generally more representative of deposit trends. The increase in average deposits for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, compared with the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, was driven by an increase in both consumer and wholesale deposits. For further discussions of deposit and liability balance trends, see the discussion of the Firm’s Business Segment Results and the Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis on pages 18–40 and pages 11–12, respectively.


68


The following table summarizes short-term and long-term funding, excluding deposits, as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, and average balances for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. For additional information, see the Consolidated Balance Sheets Analysis on pages 11–12 and Note 10.
 
June 30, 2017
December 31, 2016
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
Sources of funds (excluding deposits)
 
Average
 
Average
(in millions)
 
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

Commercial paper
$
22,207

$
11,738

 
$
19,466

$
17,462

 
$
16,432

$
17,499

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Obligations of Firm-administered multi-seller conduits(a)
$
2,928

$
2,719

 
$
2,750

$
5,327

 
$
3,557

$
5,914

Other borrowed funds
$
30,936

$
22,705

 
$
23,693

$
20,107

 
$
23,427

$
20,169

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase(b)
$
149,406

$
149,826

 
$
178,624

$
158,142

 
$
175,963

$
154,330

Securities loaned(c)(d)
11,217

12,137

 
13,505

13,832

 
13,342

14,445

Total securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase(d)(e)
$
160,623

$
161,963

 
$
192,129

$
171,974

 
$
189,305

$
168,775

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Senior notes
$
156,637

$
151,042

 
$
153,661

$
152,246

 
$
151,557

$
150,657

Trust preferred securities
2,338

2,345

 
2,340

3,969

 
2,342

3,970

Subordinated debt
18,994

21,940

 
20,546

25,176

 
20,857

25,271

Structured notes
43,077

37,292

 
42,957

35,602

 
40,941

34,576

Total long-term unsecured funding
$
221,046

$
212,619

 
$
219,504

$
216,993

 
$
215,697

$
214,474

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit card securitization(a)
$
25,732

$
31,181

 
$
27,034

$
27,014

 
$
28,226

$
27,356

Other securitizations(a)(f)

1,527

 
1,003

1,700

 
1,262

1,729

Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances
68,464

79,519

 
73,053

69,528

 
75,155

70,384

Other long-term secured funding(g)
3,463

3,107

 
3,311

5,205

 
3,204

5,085

Total long-term secured funding
$
97,659

$
115,334

 
$
104,401

$
103,447

 
$
107,847

$
104,554

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock(h)
$
26,068

$
26,068

 
$
26,068

$
26,068

 
$
26,068

$
26,068

Common stockholders’ equity(h)
$
232,415

$
228,122

 
$
230,200

$
224,429

 
$
228,959

$
222,995

(a)
Included in beneficial interests issued by consolidated variable interest entities on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets.
(b)
Excluded long-term structured repurchase agreements of $2.1 billion and $1.8 billion as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively, average balances of $1.9 billion and $2.7 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $1.4 billion and $3.1 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
(c)
Excludes long-term securities loaned of $1.3 billion and $1.2 billion as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively, average balances of $1.2 billion and $1.3 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $1.3 billion for both the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.
(d)
The prior period amounts have been revised to conform with the current period presentation.
(e)
Excludes federal funds purchased.
(f)
Other securitizations include securitizations of student loans. The Firm deconsolidated the student loan securitization entities in the second quarter of 2017 as it no longer had a controlling financial interest in these entities as a result of the sale of the student loan portfolio. For additional information about the sale of the student loan portfolio, see CCB Business Segment Results on pages 20–24. The Firm’s wholesale businesses also securitize loans for client-driven transactions, which are not considered to be a source of funding for the Firm and are not included in the table.
(g)
Includes long-term structured notes which are secured.
(h)
For additional information on preferred stock and common stockholders’ equity see Capital Risk Management on pages 42–48 and the Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity on page 86; and Note 22 and Note 23 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
Short-term funding
The Firm’s sources of short-term secured funding primarily consist of securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase. Securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase are secured predominantly by high-quality securities collateral, including government-issued debt and agency MBS, and constitute a significant portion of the federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements on the Consolidated balance sheets.
The increase in the average balance of securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, compared with June 30, 2016, was largely due to higher secured financing of trading assets-debt and equity instruments in the CIB related to client-driven market-making activities. The
 
balances associated with securities loaned or sold under agreements to repurchase fluctuate over time due to customers’ investment and financing activities; the Firm’s demand for financing; the ongoing management of the mix of the Firm’s liabilities, including its secured and unsecured financing (for both the investment securities and market-making portfolios); and other market and portfolio factors.
The Firm’s sources of short-term unsecured funding primarily consist of issuance of wholesale commercial paper and other borrowed funds. The increase in commercial paper and other borrowed funds as of June 30, 2017, compared to December 31, 2016, was due to a change in the mix of funding from securities sold under repurchase agreements.

69


Long-term funding and issuance
Long-term funding provides additional sources of stable funding and liquidity for the Firm. The Firm’s long-term funding plan is driven primarily by expected client activity, liquidity considerations, and regulatory requirements, including TLAC requirements. Long-term funding objectives include maintaining diversification, maximizing market access and optimizing funding costs. The Firm evaluates various funding markets, tenors and currencies in creating its optimal long-term funding plan.
The significant majority of the Firm’s long-term unsecured funding is issued by the Parent Company to provide maximum flexibility in support of both bank and nonbank subsidiary funding needs. The Parent Company advances substantially all net funding proceeds to the Intermediate Holding Company (“IHC”). The IHC does not issue debt to external counterparties. The following table summarizes long-term unsecured issuance and maturities or redemptions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. For additional information on long-term debt and the IHC, see Note 21 and Executive Overview of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
 
Long-term unsecured funding
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

Issuance
 
 
 
 
 
Senior notes issued in the U.S. market
$
8,308

$
5,968

 
$
14,773

$
13,187

Senior notes issued in non-U.S. markets
2,210

4,891

 
2,210

4,891

Total senior notes
10,518

10,859

 
16,983

18,078

Subordinated debt


 


Structured notes
8,160

5,278

 
16,594

13,611

Total long-term unsecured funding – issuance
$
18,678

$
16,137

 
$
33,577

$
31,689

 
 
 
 
 
 
Maturities/redemptions
 
 
 
 
 
Senior notes
$
3,615

$
6,499

 
$
14,042

$
16,310

Trust preferred securities


 


Subordinated debt
2,011

2,000

 
3,006

2,002

Structured notes
7,043

4,437

 
12,373

8,541

Total long-term unsecured funding – maturities/redemptions
$
12,669

$
12,936

 
$
29,421

$
26,853


The Firm raises secured long-term funding primarily through securitization of consumer credit card loans and advances from the FHLBs. The following table summarizes the securitization issuance and FHLB advances and their respective maturities or redemptions for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Long-term secured funding
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
Issuance
 
Maturities/Redemptions
 
Issuance
 
Maturities/Redemptions
(in millions)
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

Credit card securitization
$

$
3,814

 
$
3,016

$
2,350

 
$
1,545

$
3,814

 
$
7,006

$
2,775

Other securitizations(a)


 

61

 


 
55

119

FHLB advances


 
5,852

3

 


 
11,054

2,054

Other long-term secured funding(b)
344

236

 
80

46

 
447

326

 
124

89

Total long-term secured funding
$
344

$
4,050

 
$
8,948

$
2,460

 
$
1,992

$
4,140

 
$
18,239

$
5,037

(a)
Other securitizations includes securitizations of student loans. The Firm deconsolidated the student loan securitization entities in the second quarter of 2017 as it no longer had a controlling financial interest in these entities as a result of the sale of the student loan portfolio. For additional information about the sale of the student loan portfolio, see CCB Business Segment Results on pages 20–24.
(b)
Includes long-term structured notes which are secured.
The Firm’s wholesale businesses also securitize loans for client-driven transactions; those client-driven loan securitizations are not considered to be a source of funding for the Firm and are not included in the table above. For further description of the client-driven loan securitizations, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.

70


Credit ratings
The cost and availability of financing are influenced by credit ratings. Reductions in these ratings could have an adverse effect on the Firm’s access to liquidity sources, increase the cost of funds, trigger additional collateral or funding requirements and decrease the number of investors and counterparties willing to lend to the Firm.

 
Additionally, the Firm’s funding requirements for VIEs and other third-party commitments may be adversely affected by a decline in credit ratings. For additional information on the impact of a credit ratings downgrade on the funding requirements for VIEs, and on derivatives and collateral agreements, see SPEs on page 14, and Liquidity risk and credit-related contingent features in Note 4.
The credit ratings of the Parent Company and the Firm’s principal bank and nonbank subsidiaries as of June 30, 2017, were as follows.
 
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
 
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
Chase Bank USA, N.A.
 
J.P. Morgan Securities LLC
J.P. Morgan Securities plc
June 30, 2017
Long-term issuer
Short-term issuer
Outlook
 
Long-term issuer
Short-term issuer
Outlook
 
Long-term issuer
Short-term issuer
Outlook
Moody’s
A3
P-2
Stable
 
Aa3
P-1
Stable
 
A1
P-1
Stable
Standard & Poor’s
A-
A-2
Stable
 
A+
A-1
Stable
 
A+
A-1
Stable
Fitch Ratings
A+
F1
Stable
 
AA-
F1+
Stable
 
AA-
F1+
Stable
On June 1, 2017, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. terminated its guarantee of the payment of all obligations of J.P. Morgan Securities plc arising after such termination. J.P. Morgan Securities plc, whose credit ratings previously reflected the benefit of this guarantee, is now rated on a stand-alone non-guaranteed basis.
Downgrades of the Firm’s long-term ratings by one or two notches could result in an increase in its cost of funds, and access to certain funding markets could be reduced. The nature and magnitude of the impact of ratings downgrades depends on numerous contractual and behavioral factors (which the Firm believes are incorporated in its liquidity risk and stress testing metrics). The Firm believes that it maintains sufficient liquidity to withstand a potential decrease in funding capacity due to ratings downgrades.
JPMorgan Chase’s unsecured debt does not contain requirements that would call for an acceleration of payments, maturities or changes in the structure of the existing debt, provide any limitations on future borrowings or require additional collateral, based on unfavorable changes in the Firm’s credit ratings, financial ratios, earnings, or stock price.
 
Critical factors in maintaining high credit ratings include a stable and diverse earnings stream, strong capital ratios, strong credit quality and risk management controls, diverse funding sources, and disciplined liquidity monitoring procedures. Rating agencies continue to evaluate economic and geopolitical trends, regulatory developments, future profitability, risk management practices, and litigation matters, as well as their broader ratings methodologies. Changes in any of these factors could lead to changes in the Firm’s credit ratings.
Although the Firm closely monitors and endeavors to manage, to the extent it is able, factors influencing its credit ratings, there is no assurance that its credit ratings will not be changed in the future.

71


MARKET RISK MANAGEMENT
Market risk is the risk of loss arising from potential adverse changes in the value of the Firm’s assets and liabilities resulting from changes in market variables such as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, equity prices, commodity prices, implied volatilities or credit spreads. For a discussion of the Firm’s Market Risk Management organization, tools used to measure risk, risk monitoring and control and risk identification and classification, see Market Risk Management on pages 116–123 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
Value-at-risk
JPMorgan Chase utilizes value-at-risk (“VaR”), a statistical risk measure, to estimate the potential loss from adverse market moves in a normal market environment. The Firm has a single VaR framework used as a basis for calculating Risk Management VaR and Regulatory VaR.
Since VaR is based on historical data, it is an imperfect measure of market risk exposure and potential losses, and it is not used to estimate the impact of stressed market conditions or to manage any impact from potential stress events. In addition, based on their reliance on available historical data, limited time horizons, and other factors, VaR measures are inherently limited in their ability to measure certain risks and to predict losses, particularly those associated with market illiquidity and sudden or severe shifts in market conditions.
For certain products, specific risk parameters are not captured in VaR due to the lack of inherent liquidity and availability of appropriate historical data. The Firm uses proxies to estimate the VaR for these and other products when daily time series are not available. It is likely that using an actual price-based time series for these products, if available, would affect the VaR results presented. The Firm therefore considers other measures such as stress testing and nonstatistical measures, in addition to VaR, to capture and manage its market risk positions. For further information, see Other risk measures on pages 121–123 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
 
The Firm’s VaR model calculations are periodically evaluated and enhanced in response to changes in the composition of the Firm’s portfolios, changes in market conditions, improvements in the Firm’s modeling techniques and measurements, and other factors. Such changes may affect historical comparisons of VaR results. For information regarding model reviews and approvals, see Model Risk Management on page 128 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
The Firm’s Risk Management VaR is calculated assuming a one-day holding period and an expected tail-loss methodology which approximates a 95% confidence level. For risk management purposes, the Firm believes this methodology provides a stable measure of VaR that closely aligns to the day-to-day risk management decisions made by the lines of business, and provides the necessary and appropriate information to respond to risk events on a daily basis. The Firm calculates separately a daily aggregated VaR in accordance with regulatory rules (“Regulatory VaR”), which is used to derive the Firm’s regulatory VaR-based capital requirements under Basel III. For further information regarding the key differences between Risk Management VaR and Regulatory VaR, see page 118 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report. For additional information on Regulatory VaR and the other components of market risk regulatory capital for the Firm (e.g., VaR-based measure, stressed VaR-based measure and the respective backtesting), see JPMorgan Chase’s Basel III Pillar 3 Regulatory Capital Disclosures reports, which are available on the Firm’s website at:
(http://investor.shareholder.com/jpmorganchase/basel.cfm).


72


The table below shows the results of the Firm’s Risk Management VaR measure using a 95% confidence level.
Total VaR
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended,
 
 
June 30, 2017
 
March 31, 2017
 
June 30, 2016
 
(in millions)
 Avg.
Min
Max
 
 Avg.
Min
Max
 
 Avg.
Min
Max

 
CIB trading VaR by risk type
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed income
$
28

 
$
25

 
$
31

 
 
$
28

 
$
20

 
$
40

 
 
$
46

 
$
37

 
$
62

 
Foreign exchange
8

 
5

 
12

 
 
10

 
6

 
16

 
 
12

 
7

 
17

 
Equities
12

 
9

 
16

 
 
11

 
8

 
14

 
 
14

 
10

 
20

 
Commodities and other
8

 
6

 
10

 
 
8

 
5

 
10

 
 
9

 
7

 
10

 
Diversification benefit to CIB trading VaR
(30
)
(a) 
 NM

(b) 
 NM

(b) 
 
(34
)
(a) 
NM

(b) 
NM

(b) 
 
(37
)
(a) 
 NM

(b) 
 NM

(b) 
CIB trading VaR
26

 
20

 
31

 
 
23

 
14

 
34

 
 
44

 
35

 
59

 
Credit portfolio VaR
9

 
6

 
10

 
 
10

 
9

 
12

 
 
12

 
11

 
13

 
Diversification benefit to CIB VaR
(8
)
(a) 
 NM

(b) 
 NM

(b) 
 
(8
)
(a) 
NM

(b) 
NM

(b) 
 
(12
)
(a) 
 NM

(b) 
 NM

(b) 
CIB VaR
27

 
22

 
32

 
 
25

 
17

 
38

 
 
44

 
34

 
59

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CCB VaR
2

 
2

 
3

 
 
2

 
1

 
3

 
 
3

 
1

 
5

 
Corporate VaR
3

 
2

 
3

 
 
2

 
2

 
3

 
 
11

 
7

 
13

 
AWM VaR

 

 

 
 

 

 

 
 
4

 
3

 
4

 
Diversification benefit to other VaR
(2
)
(a) 
 NM

(b) 
 NM

(b) 
 
(1
)
(a) 
NM

(b) 
NM

(b) 
 
(5
)
(a) 
 NM

(b) 
 NM

(b) 
Other VaR
3

 
3

 
4

 
 
3

 
3

 
4

 
 
13

 
10

 
16

 
Diversification benefit to CIB and other VaR
(3
)
(a) 
 NM

(b) 
 NM

(b) 
 
(3
)
(a) 
NM

(b) 
NM

(b) 
 
(12
)
(a) 
 NM

(b) 
 NM

(b) 
Total VaR
$
27

 
$
22

 
$
33

 
 
$
25

 
$
17

 
$
37

 
 
$
45

 
$
36

 
$
56

 
(a)
Average portfolio VaR is less than the sum of the VaR of the components described above, which is due to portfolio diversification. The diversification effect reflects the fact that the risks are not perfectly correlated.
(b)
Designated as NM, because the minimum and maximum may occur on different days for different risk components, and hence it is not meaningful to compute a portfolio-diversification effect.
Quarter over Quarter results
Average total VaR increased by $2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 as compared with the prior quarter, reflecting a change in exposure profile for the Equities risk type which also contributed to a reduction in the diversification benefit to CIB trading VaR.
Year over Year results
Average total VaR decreased by $18 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017, compared with the same period in the prior year. The decrease in average total VaR is primarily in the Fixed income, Foreign Exchange and Equities risk types. The reduction reflected enhancements to VaR models for certain asset backed products, refinement of the scope of positions included in risk management VaR, and reduced volatility in the one-year historical look-back period.
 
The Firm refined the scope of positions included in risk management VaR during the third quarter of 2016 and refined the historical proxy time series inputs to certain VaR models during the first quarter of 2017. In the absence of these refinements, the average Total VaR for the three months ended June 30, 2017 would have been higher by $10 million and each of the components would have been higher by the amounts reported in the following table:
(in millions)
Amount by which reported VaR would have been higher for the three months ended June 30, 2017
CIB fixed income VaR
 
$
6

 
CIB equities VaR
 
3

 
CIB trading VaR
 
8

 
CIB VaR
 
10

 
Corporate VaR
 
8

 
AWM VaR
 
5

 
Other VaR
 
8

 
VaR can vary significantly as positions change, market volatility fluctuates, and diversification benefits change.

73


VaR back-testing
The Firm evaluates the effectiveness of its VaR methodology by back-testing, which compares the daily Risk Management VaR results with the daily gains and losses actually recognized on market-risk related revenue.
The Firm’s definition of market risk-related gains and losses is consistent with the definition used by the banking regulators under Basel III. Under this definition market risk-related gains and losses are defined as: gains and losses on the positions included in the Firm’s Risk Management VaR excluding fees, commissions, certain valuation adjustments (e.g., liquidity and DVA), net interest income, and gains and losses arising from intraday trading.
The following chart compares actual daily market risk-related gains and losses with the Firm’s Risk Management VaR for the six months ended June 30, 2017. As the chart presents market risk-related gains and losses related to those positions included in the Firm’s Risk Management VaR, the results in the table below differ from the results of back-testing disclosed in the Market Risk section of the Firm’s Basel III Pillar 3 Regulatory Capital Disclosures reports, which are based on Regulatory VaR applied to covered positions. The chart shows that for the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Firm observed seven VaR back-testing exceptions and posted gains on 80 of the 129 days. The Firm observed four VaR back-testing exceptions and posted gains on 36 of the 65 days for the three months ended June 30, 2017.
Daily Market Risk-Related Gains and Losses
vs. Risk Management VaR (1-day, 95% Confidence level)
Six months ended June 30, 2017
 
Market Risk-Related Gains and Losses
 
Risk Management VaR
corpq22017_chart-09184.jpg
January
February
March
April
May
June


74


Earnings-at-risk
The VaR and sensitivity measures illustrate the economic sensitivity of the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets to changes in market variables. The effect of interest rate exposure on the Firm’s reported net income is also important as interest rate risk represents one of the Firm’s significant market risks. Interest rate risk arises not only from trading activities but also from the Firm’s traditional banking activities, which include extension of loans and credit facilities, taking deposits and issuing debt. The Firm evaluates its structural interest rate risk exposure through earnings-at-risk, which measures the extent to which changes in interest rates will affect the Firm’s net interest income and interest rate-sensitive fees. For a summary by line of business, identifying positions included in earnings-at-risk, see the table on page 117 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
The Firm generates a baseline for net interest income and certain interest rate sensitive fees, and then conducts simulations of changes for interest rate-sensitive assets and liabilities denominated in U.S. dollars and other currencies (“non-U.S. dollar” currencies). Earnings-at-risk scenarios estimate the potential change in this baseline, over the following 12 months utilizing multiple assumptions. These scenarios consider the impact on exposures as a result of changes in interest rates from baseline rates, as well as pricing sensitivities of deposits, optionality and changes in product mix. The scenarios include forecasted balance sheet changes, as well as modeled prepayment and reinvestment behavior, but do not include assumptions about actions that could be taken by the Firm in response to any such instantaneous rate changes. Mortgage prepayment assumptions are based on scenario interest rates compared with underlying contractual rates, the time since origination, and other factors which are updated periodically based on historical experience. The pricing sensitivity of deposits in the baseline and scenarios use modeled rates paid which may differ from actual rates paid due to timing lags and other factors. The Firm’s earnings-at-risk scenarios are periodically evaluated and enhanced in response to changes in the composition of the Firm’s balance sheet, changes in market conditions, improvements in the Firm’s simulation and other factors.
 
The Firm’s U.S. dollar sensitivities are presented in the table below.
JPMorgan Chase’s 12-month earnings-at-risk sensitivity profiles
U.S. dollar
Instantaneous change in rates

(in billions)
+200bps
+100bps
-100bps
-200bps
June 30, 2017
$
3.6


$
2.2


$
(4.5
)
(a) 
NM
(b) 
December 31, 2016
$
4.0


$
2.4


NM

(b) 
NM
(b) 
(a)
As a result of the June 2017 increase in the Fed Funds target rate to between 1.00% and 1.25%, the -100 bps sensitivity has been included.
(b)
Given the level of market interest rates, these downward parallel earnings-at-risk scenarios are not considered to be meaningful.
The non-U.S. dollar sensitivities for an instantaneous
increase in rates by 200 and 100 basis points results in a 12-month benefit to net interest income of approximately $800 million and $500 million, respectively, at June 30, 2017. The non-U.S. dollar sensitivity for an instantaneous decrease in rates by 200 and 100 basis points is not material to the Firm’s earnings-at-risk at June 30, 2017.
The Firm’s sensitivity to rates is largely a result of assets re-pricing at a faster pace than deposits.
Separately, another U.S. dollar interest rate scenario used by the Firm — involving a steeper yield curve with long-term rates rising by 100 basis points and short-term rates staying at current levels — results in a 12-month benefit to net interest income of approximately $800 million. The increase in net interest income under this scenario reflects the Firm reinvesting at the higher long-term rates, with funding costs remaining unchanged. The result of the comparable non-U.S. dollar scenario was not material to the Firm.

75


Other sensitivity-based measures
The Firm quantifies the market risk of certain investment and funding activities by assessing the potential impact on net revenue and OCI due to changes in relevant market variables. For additional information on the positions
 
captured in other sensitivity-based measures, please refer to the Risk identification and classification table on page 117 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.

The table below represents the potential impact to net revenue or OCI for market risk-sensitive instruments that are not included in VaR or earnings-at-risk. Where appropriate, instruments used for hedging purposes are reported along with the positions being hedged. The sensitivities disclosed in the table below may not be representative of the actual gain or loss that would have been realized at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, as the movement in market parameters across maturities may vary and are not intended to imply management’s expectation of future deterioration in these sensitivities.
Gain/(loss) (in millions)
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2017

 
December 31, 2016

Activity
 
Description
 
Sensitivity measure
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment management activities
 
Consists of seed capital and related hedges; and fund co-investments
 
10% decline in market value
 
$
(142
)
 
$
(166
)
Other investments
 
Consists of private equity and other investments held at fair value
 
10% decline in market value
 
(401
)
 
(358
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Funding activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-USD LTD cross-currency basis
 
Represents the basis risk on derivatives used to hedge the foreign exchange risk on the non-USD LTD
 
1 basis point parallel tightening of cross currency basis
 
(10
)
 
(7
)
Non-USD LTD hedges foreign currency (“FX”) exposure
 
Primarily represents the foreign exchange revaluation on the fair value of the derivative hedges
 
10% depreciation of currency
 
(6
)
 
(23
)
Funding spread risk – derivatives
 
Impact of changes in the spread related to derivatives DVA/FVA
 
1 basis point parallel increase in spread
 
(5
)
 
(4
)
Funding spread risk – fair value option elected liabilities(a)
 
Impact of changes in the spread related to fair value option elected liabilities DVA
 
1 basis point parallel increase in spread
 
19

 
17

(a)
Impact recognized through OCI.


76


CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES USED BY THE FIRM
JPMorgan Chase’s accounting policies and use of estimates are integral to understanding its reported results. The Firm’s most complex accounting estimates require management’s judgment to ascertain the appropriate carrying value of assets and liabilities. The Firm has established policies and control procedures intended to ensure that estimation methods, including any judgments made as part of such methods, are well-controlled, independently reviewed and applied consistently from period to period. The methods used and judgments made reflect, among other factors, the nature of the assets or liabilities and the related business and risk management strategies, which may vary across the Firm’s businesses and portfolios. In addition, the policies and procedures are intended to ensure that the process for changing methodologies occurs in an appropriate manner. The Firm believes its estimates for determining the carrying value of its assets and liabilities are appropriate. The following is a brief description of the Firm’s critical accounting estimates involving significant judgments.
Allowance for credit losses
JPMorgan Chase’s allowance for credit losses covers the retained consumer and wholesale loan portfolios, as well as the Firm’s wholesale and certain consumer lending-related commitments. The allowance for loan losses is intended to adjust the carrying value of the Firm’s loan assets to reflect probable credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio as of the balance sheet date. Similarly, the allowance for lending-related commitments is established to cover probable credit losses inherent in the lending-related commitments portfolio as of the balance sheet date.
The allowance for credit losses includes a formula-based component, an asset-specific component, and a component related to PCI loans. The determination of each of these components involves significant judgment on a number of matters. For further discussion of these components, areas of judgment and methodologies used in establishing the Firm’s allowance for credit losses, see pages 105–107, pages 132–133 and Note 15 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report; and see Allowance for credit losses on pages 63–65 and Note 12 of this Form 10-Q.
As noted in the discussion on pages 132–133 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report, the Firm’s allowance for credit losses is sensitive to numerous factors, which may differ depending on the portfolio. Changes in economic conditions or in the Firm’s assumptions and estimates could affect its estimate of probable credit losses inherent in the portfolio at the balance sheet date. The Firm uses its best judgment to assess these economic conditions and loss data in estimating the allowance for credit losses and these estimates are subject to periodic refinement based on changes to underlying external or Firm-specific historical data. During the second quarter of 2017, the Firm refined its loss estimates relating to the wholesale portfolio. See Note 12 of this Form 10-Q for further discussion. The use of
 
alternate estimates, data sources, adjustments to modeled loss estimates for model imprecision and other factors would result in a different estimated allowance for credit losses, as well as impact any related sensitivities described below.
To illustrate the potential magnitude of certain alternate judgments, the Firm estimates that changes in the following inputs would have the following effects on the Firm’s modeled credit loss estimates as of June 30, 2017, without consideration of any offsetting or correlated effects of other inputs in the Firm’s allowance for loan losses:
A combined 5% decline in housing prices and a 100 basis point increase in unemployment rates from current levels could imply:
an increase to modeled credit loss estimates of approximately $550 million for PCI loans.
an increase to modeled annual credit loss estimates of approximately $100 million for the residential real estate, excluding PCI loans.
For credit card loans, a 100 basis point increase in unemployment rates from current levels could imply an increase to modeled annual credit loss estimates of approximately $925 million.
An increase in PD factors consistent with a one-notch downgrade in the Firm’s internal risk ratings for its entire wholesale loan portfolio could imply an increase in the Firm’s modeled credit loss estimates of approximately $1.6 billion.
A 100 basis point increase in estimated loss given default (“LGD”) for the Firm’s entire wholesale loan portfolio could imply an increase in the Firm’s modeled credit loss estimates of approximately $175 million.
The purpose of these sensitivity analyses is to provide an indication of the isolated impacts of hypothetical alternative assumptions on modeled loss estimates. The changes in the inputs presented above are not intended to imply management’s expectation of future deterioration of those risk factors. In addition, these analyses are not intended to estimate changes in the overall allowance for loan losses, which would also be influenced by the judgment management applies to the modeled loss estimates to reflect the uncertainty and imprecision of these modeled loss estimates based on then-current circumstances and conditions.
It is difficult to estimate how potential changes in specific factors might affect the overall allowance for credit losses because management considers a variety of factors and inputs in estimating the allowance for credit losses. Changes in these factors and inputs may not occur at the same rate and may not be consistent across all geographies or product types, and changes in factors may be directionally inconsistent, such that improvement in one factor may

77


offset deterioration in other factors. In addition, it is difficult to predict how changes in specific economic conditions or assumptions could affect borrower behavior or other factors considered by management in estimating the allowance for credit losses. Given the process the Firm follows and the judgments made in evaluating the risk factors related to its loss estimates, management believes that its current estimate of the allowance for credit losses is appropriate.
Fair value of financial instruments, MSRs and commodities inventory
Assets measured at fair value
The following table includes the Firm’s assets measured at fair value and the portion of such assets that are classified within level 3 of the valuation hierarchy. For further information, see Note 2.
June 30, 2017
(in billions, except ratios)
Total assets at fair value
 
Total level 3 assets
Trading–debt and equity instruments
$
350.5

 
 
$
7.3

Derivative receivables(a)
56.5

 
 
4.6

Trading assets
407.0

 
 
11.9

AFS securities
215.7

 
 
0.5

Loans
2.0

 
 
0.3

MSRs
5.8

 
 
5.8

Other
26.2

 
 
1.9

Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
656.7

 
 
$
20.4

Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
1.0

 
 
0.7

Total assets measured at fair value
$
657.7

 
 
$
21.1

Total Firm assets
$
2,563.2

 
 
 
Level 3 assets as a percentage of total Firm assets(a)
 
 
 
0.8
%
Level 3 assets as a percentage of total Firm assets at fair value(a)
 
 
 
3.2
%
(a)
For purposes of the table above, the derivative receivables total reflects the impact of netting adjustments; however, the $4.6 billion of derivative receivables classified as level 3 does not reflect the netting adjustment as such netting is not relevant to a presentation based on the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset. The level 3 balances would be reduced if netting were applied, including the netting benefit associated with cash collateral.
Valuation
Estimating fair value requires the application of judgment. The type and level of judgment required is largely dependent on the amount of observable market information available to the Firm. For instruments valued using internally developed models that use significant unobservable inputs and are therefore classified within level 3 of the valuation hierarchy, judgments used to estimate fair value are more significant than those required when estimating the fair value of instruments classified within levels 1 and 2.
In arriving at an estimate of fair value for an instrument within level 3, management must first determine the appropriate valuation technique to use. Second, the lack of observability of certain significant inputs requires management to assess all relevant empirical data in deriving valuation inputs — including, for example,
 
transaction details, yield curves, interest rates, prepayment rates, default rates, volatilities, correlations, equity or debt prices, valuations of comparable instruments, foreign exchange rates and credit curves. For further discussion of the valuation of level 3 instruments, including unobservable inputs used, see Note 2.
For instruments classified in levels 2 and 3, management judgment must be applied to assess the appropriate level of valuation adjustments to reflect counterparty credit quality, the Firm’s creditworthiness, market funding rates, liquidity considerations, unobservable parameters, and for portfolios that meet specified criteria, the size of the net open risk position. The judgments made are typically affected by the type of product and its specific contractual terms, and the level of liquidity for the product or within the market as a whole. For further discussion of valuation adjustments applied by the Firm see Note 2.
Imprecision in estimating unobservable market inputs or other factors can affect the amount of gain or loss recorded for a particular position. Furthermore, while the Firm believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with those of other market participants, the methods and assumptions used reflect management judgment and may vary across the Firm’s businesses and portfolios.
The Firm uses various methodologies and assumptions in the determination of fair value. The use of methodologies or assumptions different than those used by the Firm could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. For a detailed discussion of the Firm’s valuation process and hierarchy, and its determination of fair value for individual financial instruments, see Note 2.
Goodwill impairment
Management applies significant judgment when testing goodwill for impairment. For a description of the significant valuation judgments associated with goodwill impairment, see Goodwill impairment on pages 133–134 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
For the three months ended June 30, 2017, the Firm reviewed current conditions (including the estimated effects of regulatory and legislative changes and the current estimated market cost of equity) and prior projections of business performance for all its businesses. Based upon such reviews, the Firm concluded that the goodwill allocated to its reporting units was not impaired as of June 30, 2017.
Declines in business performance, increases in credit losses, increases in equity capital requirements, as well as deterioration in economic or market conditions, adverse regulatory or legislative changes or increases in the estimated market cost of equity, could cause the estimated fair values of the Firm’s reporting units or their associated goodwill to decline in the future, which could result in a material impairment charge to earnings in a future period related to some portion of the associated goodwill.
For additional information on goodwill, see Note 14.

78


Income taxes
For a description of the significant assumptions, judgments and interpretations associated with the accounting for income taxes, see Income taxes on page 134 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
Litigation reserves
For a description of the significant estimates and judgments associated with establishing litigation reserves, see Note 21 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 31 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.

79


ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING DEVELOPMENTS
Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Standards Issued but not yet Adopted
 
 
 
 
 
Standard
 
Summary of guidance
 
Effects on financial statements
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue recognition – revenue from contracts with customers
Issued May 2014

 
 • Requires that revenue from contracts with customers be recognized upon transfer of control of a good or service in the amount of consideration expected to be received.
 • Changes the accounting for certain contract costs, including whether they may be offset against revenue in the Consolidated statements of income, and requires additional disclosures about revenue and contract costs.
 • May be adopted using a full retrospective approach or a modified, cumulative effect approach wherein the guidance is applied only to existing contracts as of the date of initial application, and to new contracts transacted after that date.
 
 • Required effective date: January 1, 2018.(a)
 • Because the guidance does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including loans and securities that are accounted for under other U.S. GAAP, the Firm does not expect the new revenue recognition guidance to have a material impact on the elements of its Consolidated statements of income most closely associated with financial instruments, including securities gains, interest income and interest expense.
 • The Firm plans to adopt the revenue recognition guidance in the first quarter of 2018 using the modified retrospective method of adoption.
The Firm’s implementation efforts include the identification of revenue within the scope of the guidance, as well as the evaluation of revenue contracts and related accounting policies. While the Firm has not yet identified any material changes in the timing of revenue recognition, the Firm’s review is ongoing, and it continues to evaluate the presentation of certain contract costs (whether presented gross or offset against noninterest revenue). The Firm plans to expand its qualitative disclosures within the noninterest revenue and noninterest expense note to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Recognition and
measurement of financial
assets and financial
liabilities
Issued January 2016

 
 • Requires that certain equity instruments be measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognized in earnings.
 • Generally requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the reporting period of adoption.
 
 • Required effective date: January 1, 2018.(a)
 • The Firm early adopted the provisions of this guidance related to
presenting DVA in OCI for financial liabilities where the fair value option has been elected, effective January 1, 2016. The Firm plans to adopt the portions of the guidance that were not eligible for early adoption in the first quarter of 2018.
 • The Firm is currently evaluating the additional impacts on the Consolidated Financial Statements. The Firm’s implementation efforts include the identification of securities within the scope of the guidance, the evaluation of the measurement alternative available for equity securities without a readily determinable fair value, and the related impact to accounting policies, presentation, and disclosures.
Leases
Issued February 2016

 
 • Requires lessees to recognize all leases longer than twelve months on the Consolidated balance sheets as lease liabilities with corresponding right-of-use assets.
 • Requires lessees and lessors to classify most leases using principles similar to existing lease accounting, but eliminates the “bright line” classification tests.
 • Expands qualitative and quantitative disclosures regarding leasing arrangements.
 • Requires adoption using a modified cumulative effect approach wherein the guidance is applied to all periods presented.
 
 • Required effective date: January 1, 2019.(a)
 • The Firm is currently evaluating the potential impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements by reviewing its existing lease contracts and service contracts that may include embedded leases. The Firm expects to recognize lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets (at their present value) related to predominantly all of the $10 billion of future minimum payments required under operating leases as disclosed in Note 30 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual report. However, the population of contracts subject to balance sheet recognition and their initial measurement remains under evaluation. The Firm does not expect material changes to the recognition of operating lease expense in its Consolidated statements of income.
 • The Firm plans to adopt the new guidance in the first quarter of 2019.
Financial instruments - credit losses
Issued June 2016

 
 • Replaces existing incurred loss impairment guidance and establishes a single allowance framework for financial assets carried at amortized cost (including HTM securities), which will reflect management’s estimate of credit losses over the full remaining expected life of the financial assets.
 • Eliminates existing guidance for PCI loans, and requires recognition of an allowance for expected credit losses on financial assets purchased with more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination.
 • Amends existing impairment guidance for AFS securities to incorporate an allowance, which will allow for reversals of impairment losses in the event that the credit of an issuer improves.
 • Requires a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the reporting period of adoption.
 
 • Required effective date: January 1, 2020.(a) 
 • The Firm has begun its implementation efforts by establishing a Firmwide, cross-discipline governance structure.  The Firm is currently identifying key interpretive issues, and is assessing existing credit loss forecasting models and processes against the new guidance to determine what modifications may be required. The Firm is also evaluating the timing of adoption, as early adoption is permitted as of January 1, 2019.
 • The Firm expects that the new guidance will result in an increase in its allowance for credit losses due to several factors, including:
1.
The allowance related to the Firm’s loans and commitments will increase to cover credit losses over the full remaining expected life of the portfolio, and will consider expected future changes in macroeconomic conditions
2.
The nonaccretable difference on PCI loans will be recognized as an allowance, offset by an increase in the carrying value of the related loans
3.
An allowance will be established for estimated credit losses on HTM securities
 • The extent of the increase is under evaluation, but will depend upon the nature and characteristics of the Firm’s portfolio at the adoption date, and the macroeconomic conditions and forecasts at that date.

80


 
 
 
 
 
FASB Standards Issued but not yet Adopted (continued)
 
 
 
 
 
Standard
 
Summary of guidance
 
Effects on financial statements
 
 
 
 
 
Classification of certain cash receipts and cash payments in the statement of cash flows
Issued August 2016

 
 • Provides targeted amendments to the classification of certain cash flows, including treatment of cash payments for settlement of zero-coupon debt instruments and distributions received from equity method investments.
 • Requires retrospective application to all periods presented.
 
 • Required effective date: January 1, 2018. (a)
 • No material impact is expected because the Firm is either already in compliance with the new guidance or the balances to which it would be applied are immaterial. The Firm plans to adopt the new guidance in the first quarter of 2018.
Treatment of restricted cash on the statement of cash flows
Issued November 2016

 
 • Requires inclusion of restricted cash in the cash and cash equivalents balances in the Consolidated statements of cash flows.
 • Requires additional disclosures to supplement the Consolidated statements of cash flows.
 • Requires retrospective application to all periods presented.

 
 • Required effective date: January 1, 2018. (a)
 • The guidance will have no impact on the Firm’s Consolidated statements of income or Consolidated balance sheets, but will result in reclassification of restricted cash balances and associated changes on the Consolidated statements of cash flows.
 • The Firm plans to adopt the new guidance in the first quarter of 2018.
Definition of a business
Issued January 2017

 
 • Narrows the definition of a business and clarifies that, to be considered a business, the fair value of the gross assets acquired (or disposed of) may not be substantially all concentrated in a single identifiable asset or a group of similar assets.
 • In addition, in order to be considered a business, a set of activities and assets must include, at a minimum, an input and a substantive process that together significantly contribute to the ability to create outputs.
 
 • Required effective date: January 1, 2018.(a)
 • No material impact is expected because the guidance is to be applied prospectively, although it is anticipated that after adoption, fewer transactions will be treated as acquisitions or dispositions of a business. The Firm plans to adopt the new guidance in the first quarter of 2018.
Goodwill
Issued January 2017

 
 • Requires an impairment loss to be recognized when the estimated fair value of a reporting unit falls below its carrying value.
 • Eliminates the second condition in the current guidance that requires an impairment loss to be recognized only if the estimated implied fair value of the goodwill is below its carrying value.

 
 • Required effective date: January 1, 2020.(a)
 • Based on current impairment test results, the Firm does not expect a material effect on the Consolidated Financial Statements.
 • After adoption, the guidance may result in more frequent goodwill impairment losses due to the removal of the second condition.
 • The Firm is evaluating the timing of adoption.

Presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost
Issued March 2017

 
 • Requires the service cost component of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit cost to be reported separately in the consolidated results of operations from the other components (e.g., expected return on assets, interest costs, amortization of gains/losses and prior service costs).
 • Requires presentation in the consolidated results of operations of the service cost component in the same line item as other employee compensation costs and presentation of the other components in a different line item from the service cost component.

 
 • Required effective date: January 1, 2018. (a)
 • The guidance will have no impact on the Firm’s net income, but based on recent trends, the Firm expects that the guidance will result in an increase in compensation expense and a reduction in other expense. The Firm plans to adopt the new guidance in the first quarter of 2018.
Premium amortization on purchased callable debt securities
Issued March 2017
 
 • Requires amortization of premiums to the earliest call date on debt securities with call features that are explicit, noncontingent and callable at fixed prices and on preset dates.
 • Does not impact securities held at a discount; the discount continues to be amortized to the contractual maturity.
 • Requires adoption on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption.
 
 • Required effective date: January 1, 2019.(a)
 • The Firm is currently evaluating the impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements as well as the timing of adoption. At adoption, the guidance is expected to result in a cumulative effect adjustment which will reduce retained earnings with a corresponding increase to AOCI for AFS securities. Post-adoption, it will result in reduced interest income prior to the call date on callable debt securities held at a premium because those premiums will be amortized over a shorter time period.
 • The Firm’s implementation efforts include identifying the population of debt securities subject to the new guidance (primarily obligations of U.S. states and municipalities) and quantifying the expected impact.
(a)
Early adoption is permitted.

81


FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
From time to time, the Firm has made and will make forward-looking statements. These statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. Forward-looking statements often use words such as “anticipate,” “target,” “expect,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “goal,” “believe,” or other words of similar meaning. Forward-looking statements provide JPMorgan Chase’s current expectations or forecasts of future events, circumstances, results or aspirations. JPMorgan Chase’s disclosures in this Form 10-Q contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The Firm also may make forward-looking statements in its other documents filed or furnished with the SEC. In addition, the Firm’s senior management may make forward-looking statements orally to investors, analysts, representatives of the media and others.
All forward-looking statements are, by their nature, subject to risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the Firm’s control. JPMorgan Chase’s actual future results may differ materially from those set forth in its forward-looking statements. While there is no assurance that any list of risks and uncertainties or risk factors is complete, below are certain factors which could cause actual results to differ from those in the forward-looking statements:
Local, regional and global business, economic and political conditions and geopolitical events;
Changes in laws and regulatory requirements, including capital and liquidity requirements affecting the Firm’s businesses, and the ability of the Firm to address those requirements;
Heightened regulatory and governmental oversight and scrutiny of JPMorgan Chase’s business practices, including dealings with retail customers;
Changes in trade, monetary and fiscal policies and laws;
Changes in income tax laws and regulations;
Securities and capital markets behavior, including changes in market liquidity and volatility;
Changes in investor sentiment or consumer spending or savings behavior;
Ability of the Firm to manage effectively its capital and liquidity, including approval of its capital plans by banking regulators;
Changes in credit ratings assigned to the Firm or its subsidiaries;
Damage to the Firm’s reputation;
Ability of the Firm to deal effectively with an economic slowdown or other economic or market disruption;
Technology changes instituted by the Firm, its counterparties or competitors;
 
The success of the Firm’s business simplification initiatives and the effectiveness of its control agenda;
Ability of the Firm to develop new products and services, and the extent to which products or services previously sold by the Firm (including but not limited to mortgages and asset-backed securities) require the Firm to incur liabilities or absorb losses not contemplated at their initiation or origination;
Acceptance of the Firm’s new and existing products and services by the marketplace and the ability of the Firm to innovate and to increase market share;
Ability of the Firm to attract and retain qualified employees;
Ability of the Firm to control expense;
Competitive pressures;
Changes in the credit quality of the Firm’s customers and counterparties;
Adequacy of the Firm’s risk management framework, disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting;
Adverse judicial or regulatory proceedings;
Changes in applicable accounting policies, including the introduction of new accounting standards;
Ability of the Firm to determine accurate values of certain assets and liabilities;
Occurrence of natural or man-made disasters or calamities or conflicts and the Firm’s ability to deal effectively with disruptions caused by the foregoing;
Ability of the Firm to maintain the security and integrity of its financial, accounting, technology, data processing and other operating systems and facilities;
Ability of the Firm to effectively defend itself against cyberattacks and other attempts by unauthorized parties to access the Firm’s information or disrupt its systems; and
The other risks and uncertainties detailed in Part I,
Item 1A: Risk Factors in JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
Any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the Firm speak only as of the date they are made, and JPMorgan Chase does not undertake to update forward-looking statements to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that arise after the date the forward-looking statements were made. The reader should, however, consult any further disclosures of a forward-looking nature the Firm may make in any subsequent Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, or Current Reports on Form 8-K.

82



JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated statements of income (unaudited)
 
 
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended
June 30,
(in millions, except per share data)
 
2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Revenue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment banking fees
 
$
1,810

 
$
1,644

 
$
3,627

 
$
2,977

Principal transactions
 
3,137

 
2,976

 
6,719

 
5,655

Lending- and deposit-related fees
 
1,482

 
1,403

 
2,930

 
2,806

Asset management, administration and commissions
 
3,824

 
3,681

 
7,501

 
7,305

Securities gains/(losses)
 
(34
)
 
21

 
(37
)
 
72

Mortgage fees and related income
 
404

 
689

 
810

 
1,356

Card income
 
1,167

 
1,358

 
2,081

 
2,659

Other income
 
1,472

 
1,261

 
2,242

 
2,062

Noninterest revenue
 
13,262

 
13,033

 
25,873

 
24,892

Interest income
 
15,650

 
13,813

 
30,692

 
27,365

Interest expense
 
3,442

 
2,466

 
6,420

 
4,638

Net interest income
 
12,208

 
11,347

 
24,272

 
22,727

Total net revenue
 
25,470

 
24,380

 
50,145

 
47,619

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
 
1,215

 
1,402

 
2,530

 
3,226

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noninterest expense
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Compensation expense
 
7,706

 
7,778

 
15,907

 
15,438

Occupancy expense
 
912

 
899

 
1,873

 
1,782

Technology, communications and equipment expense
 
1,870

 
1,665

 
3,698

 
3,283

Professional and outside services
 
1,644

 
1,700

 
3,187

 
3,248

Marketing
 
756

 
672

 
1,469

 
1,375

Other expense
 
1,618

 
924

 
3,391

 
2,349

Total noninterest expense
 
14,506

 
13,638

 
29,525

 
27,475

Income before income tax expense
 
9,749

 
9,340

 
18,090

 
16,918

Income tax expense
 
2,720

 
3,140

 
4,613

 
5,198

Net income
 
$
7,029

 
$
6,200

 
$
13,477

 
$
11,720

Net income applicable to common stockholders(a)
 
$
6,555

 
$
5,728

 
$
12,531

 
$
10,773

Net income per common share data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic earnings per share
 
$
1.83

 
$
1.56

 
$
3.49

 
$
2.92

Diluted earnings per share
 
1.82

 
1.55

 
3.47

 
2.89

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average basic shares(a)
 
3,574.1

 
3,675.5

 
3,587.9

 
3,693.0

Weighted-average diluted shares(a)
 
3,599.0

 
3,706.2

 
3,614.7

 
3,721.9

Cash dividends declared per common share
 
$
0.50

 
$
0.48

 
$
1.00

 
$
0.92

(a)
The prior period amounts have been revised to conform with the current period presentation. The revision had no impact on the Firm’s reported earnings per share.
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.


 
 
 
 
 


83


JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated statements of comprehensive income (unaudited)
 
 
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended
June 30,
(in millions)
 
2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Net income
 
$
7,029

 
$
6,200

 
$
13,477

 
$
11,720

Other comprehensive income/(loss), after–tax
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gains on investment securities
 
457

 
867

 
695

 
1,292

Translation adjustments, net of hedges
 

 
3

 
7

 
1

Cash flow hedges
 
53

 
(87
)
 
144

 
(157
)
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans
 
19

 
56

 
4

 
81

DVA on fair value option elected liabilities
 
2

 
(3
)
 
(67
)
 
55

Total other comprehensive income, after–tax
 
531

 
836

 
783

 
1,272

Comprehensive income
 
$
7,560

 
$
7,036

 
$
14,260

 
$
12,992

The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.


84


JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated balance sheets (unaudited)
(in millions, except share data)
Jun 30, 2017
 
Dec 31, 2016
Assets
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
21,781

 
$
23,873

Deposits with banks
427,380

 
365,762

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements (included $18,026 and $21,506 at fair value)
218,570

 
229,967

Securities borrowed (included $1,590 and $0 at fair value)
90,654

 
96,409

Trading assets (included assets pledged of $136,213 and $115,847)
407,064

 
372,130

Securities (included $215,697 and $238,891 at fair value and assets pledged of $16,608 and $16,115)
263,458

 
289,059

Loans (included $1,979 and $2,230 at fair value)
908,767

 
894,765

Allowance for loan losses
(13,363
)
 
(13,776
)
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses
895,404

 
880,989

Accrued interest and accounts receivable
64,038

 
52,330

Premises and equipment
14,206

 
14,131

Goodwill
47,300

 
47,288

Mortgage servicing rights
5,753

 
6,096

Other intangible assets
827

 
862

Other assets (included $7,412 and $7,557 at fair value and assets pledged of $1,493 and $1,603)
106,739

 
112,076

Total assets(a)
$
2,563,174

 
$
2,490,972

Liabilities
 
 
 
Deposits (included $17,754 and $13,912 at fair value)
$
1,439,473

 
$
1,375,179

Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements (included $721 and $687 at fair value)
165,621

 
165,666

Commercial paper
22,207

 
11,738

Other borrowed funds (included $8,515 and $9,105 at fair value)
30,936

 
22,705

Trading liabilities
133,423

 
136,659

Accounts payable and other liabilities (included $11,543 and $9,120 at fair value)
189,160

 
190,543

Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs (included $72 and $120 at fair value)
30,898

 
39,047

Long-term debt (included $43,484 and $37,686 at fair value)
292,973

 
295,245

Total liabilities(a)
2,304,691

 
2,236,782

Commitments and contingencies (see Notes 19, 20 and 21)


 


Stockholders’ equity
 
 
 
Preferred stock ($1 par value; authorized 200,000,000 shares; issued 2,606,750 shares)
26,068

 
26,068

Common stock ($1 par value; authorized 9,000,000,000 shares; issued 4,104,933,895 shares)
4,105

 
4,105

Additional paid-in capital
90,604

 
91,627

Retained earnings
171,488

 
162,440

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss)
(392
)
 
(1,175
)
Shares held in restricted stock units (“RSU”) Trust, at cost (472,953 shares)
(21
)
 
(21
)
Treasury stock, at cost (585,969,485 and 543,744,003 shares)
(33,369
)
 
(28,854
)
Total stockholders’ equity
258,483

 
254,190

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
2,563,174

 
$
2,490,972

(a)
The following table presents information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs that are consolidated by the Firm at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016. The difference between total VIE assets and liabilities represents the Firm’s interests in those entities, which are eliminated in consolidation.
(in millions)
Jun 30, 2017
 
Dec 31, 2016
Assets
 
 
 
Trading assets
$
2,688

 
$
3,185

Loans
71,012

 
75,614

All other assets
2,819

 
3,321

Total assets
$
76,519

 
$
82,120

Liabilities
 
 
 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
$
30,898

 
$
39,047

All other liabilities
427

 
490

Total liabilities
$
31,325

 
$
39,537

The assets of the consolidated VIEs are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. The holders of the beneficial interests do not have recourse to the general credit of JPMorgan Chase. At both June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, the Firm provided limited program-wide credit enhancements of 2.4 billion related to its Firm-administered multi-seller conduits, which are eliminated in consolidation. For further discussion, see Note 13.
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

85


JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity (unaudited)
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except per share data)
 
2017

 
2016

Preferred stock
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1 and June 30
 
$
26,068

 
$
26,068

Common stock
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1 and June 30
 
4,105

 
4,105

Additional paid-in capital
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1
 
91,627

 
92,500

Shares issued and commitments to issue common stock for employee stock-based compensation awards, and related tax effects
 
(865
)
 
(539
)
Other
 
(158
)
 
13

Balance at June 30
 
90,604

 
91,974

Retained earnings
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1
 
162,440

 
146,420

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
 

 
(154
)
Net income
 
13,477

 
11,720

Dividends declared:
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock
 
(823
)
 
(823
)
Common stock ($1.00 and $0.92 per share)
 
(3,606
)
 
(3,414
)
Balance at June 30
 
171,488

 
153,749

Accumulated other comprehensive income
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1
 
(1,175
)
 
192

Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
 

 
154

Other comprehensive income/(loss)
 
783

 
1,272

Balance at June 30
 
(392
)
 
1,618

Shares held in RSU Trust, at cost
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1 and June 30
 
(21
)
 
(21
)
Treasury stock, at cost
 
 
 
 
Balance at January 1
 
(28,854
)
 
(21,691
)
Purchase of treasury stock
 
(5,839
)
 
(4,536
)
Reissuance from treasury stock
 
1,324

 
1,157

Balance at June 30
 
(33,369
)
 
(25,070
)
Total stockholders equity
 
$
258,483

 
$
252,423

The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.


86


JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated statements of cash flows (unaudited)
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2017

 
2016

Net income
$
13,477

 
$
11,720

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 
 
Provision for credit losses
2,530

 
3,226

Depreciation and amortization
2,968

 
2,625

Deferred tax expense
(161
)
 
577

Other
1,163

 
1,001

Originations and purchases of loans held-for-sale
(58,119
)
 
(24,963
)
Proceeds from sales, securitizations and paydowns of loans held-for-sale
53,053

 
22,356

Net change in:
 
 
 
Trading assets
(22,914
)
 
(52,501
)
Securities borrowed
5,845

 
(4,505
)
Accrued interest and accounts receivable
(11,940
)
 
(18,407
)
Other assets
11,366

 
(10,764
)
Trading liabilities
(12,827
)
 
42,738

Accounts payable and other liabilities
(5,189
)
 
3,714

Other operating adjustments
7,724

 
276

Net cash used in operating activities
(13,024
)
 
(22,907
)
Investing activities
 
 
 
Net change in:
 
 
 
Deposits with banks
(61,618
)
 
(5,580
)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
11,364

 
(24,624
)
Held-to-maturity securities:
 
 
 
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities
2,289

 
2,718

Purchases

 
(134
)
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities
29,481

 
33,070

Proceeds from sales
42,972

 
22,559

Purchases
(45,613
)
 
(42,002
)
Proceeds from sales and securitizations of loans held-for-investment
7,762

 
5,599

Other changes in loans, net
(24,266
)
 
(43,094
)
All other investing activities, net
550

 
(576
)
Net cash used in investing activities
(37,079
)
 
(52,064
)
Financing activities
 
 
 
Net change in:
 
 
 
Deposits
53,122

 
68,209

Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
(43
)
 
13,346

Commercial paper and other borrowed funds
18,222

 
311

Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
(1,067
)
 
(2,668
)
Proceeds from long-term borrowings
35,530

 
36,064

Payments of long-term borrowings
(47,743
)
 
(32,022
)
Treasury stock purchased
(5,839
)
 
(4,536
)
Dividends paid
(4,386
)
 
(4,120
)
All other financing activities, net
115

 
(425
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
47,911

 
74,159

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and due from banks
100

 
32

Net decrease in cash and due from banks
(2,092
)
 
(780
)
Cash and due from banks at the beginning of the period
23,873

 
20,490

Cash and due from banks at the end of the period
$
21,781

 
$
19,710

Cash interest paid
$
6,322

 
$
4,283

Cash income taxes paid, net
1,736

 
1,261

The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) are an integral part of these statements.

87



See the Glossary of Terms and Acronyms on pages 168–175 for definitions of terms and acronyms used throughout the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.


NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
Note 1 – Basis of presentation
JPMorgan Chase & Co. (“JPMorgan Chase” or “the Firm”), a financial holding company incorporated under Delaware law in 1968, is a leading global financial services firm and one of the largest banking institutions in the U.S., with operations worldwide. The Firm is a leader in investment banking, financial services for consumers and small business, commercial banking, financial transaction processing and asset management. For a discussion of the Firm’s business segments, see Note 22.
The accounting and financial reporting policies of JPMorgan Chase and its subsidiaries conform to U.S. GAAP. Additionally, where applicable, the policies conform to the accounting and reporting guidelines prescribed by regulatory authorities.
The unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expense, and the disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could be different from these estimates. In the opinion of management, all normal, recurring adjustments have been included for a fair statement of this interim financial information.
These unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements, and related notes thereto, included in JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
Certain amounts reported in prior periods have been reclassified to conform with the current presentation.
Consolidation
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of JPMorgan Chase and other entities in which the Firm has a controlling financial interest. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Assets held for clients in an agency or fiduciary capacity by the Firm are not assets of JPMorgan Chase and are not included on the Consolidated balance sheets.
The Firm determines whether it has a controlling financial interest in an entity by first evaluating whether the entity is a voting interest entity or a variable interest entity.
For a further description of JPMorgan Chase’s accounting policies regarding consolidation, see Notes 1 and 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
 
Offsetting assets and liabilities
U.S. GAAP permits entities to present derivative receivables and derivative payables with the same counterparty and the related cash collateral receivables and payables on a net basis on the Consolidated balance sheets when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists. U.S. GAAP also permits securities sold and purchased under repurchase agreements to be presented net when specified conditions are met, including the existence of a legally enforceable master netting agreement. The Firm has elected to net such balances when the specified conditions are met. For further information on offsetting assets and liabilities, see Note 1 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
Note 2 – Fair value measurement
For a discussion of the Firm’s valuation methodologies for assets, liabilities and lending-related commitments measured at fair value and the fair value hierarchy, see Note 3 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.



88


The following table presents the assets and liabilities reported at fair value as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, by major product category and fair value hierarchy.
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis







Fair value hierarchy

Derivative netting adjustments


June 30, 2017 (in millions)
Level 1
Level 2

Level 3

Total fair value

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$

$
18,026


$


$

$
18,026

Securities borrowed

1,590





1,590

Trading assets:












Debt instruments:












Mortgage-backed securities:












U.S. government agencies(a)
1

37,058


365



37,424

Residential – nonagency

1,530


98



1,628

Commercial – nonagency

1,388


65



1,453

Total mortgage-backed securities
1

39,976


528



40,505

U.S. Treasury and government agencies(a)
33,996

5,041





39,037

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities

8,136


681



8,817

Certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and commercial paper

1,699

 

 

1,699

Non-U.S. government debt securities
31,827

31,689

 
37

 

63,553

Corporate debt securities

27,068

 
461

 

27,529

Loans(b)

31,697

 
4,488

 

36,185

Asset-backed securities

2,739

 
83

 

2,822

Total debt instruments
65,824

148,045

 
6,278

 

220,147

Equity securities
113,460

251

 
284

 

113,995

Physical commodities(c)
3,326

1,262

 

 

4,588

Other

11,045

 
731

 

11,776

Total debt and equity instruments(d)
182,610

160,603

 
7,293

 

350,506

Derivative receivables:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
463

521,260

 
1,713

 
(496,524
)
26,912

Credit

24,610

 
1,289

 
(24,885
)
1,014

Foreign exchange
841

173,433

 
522

 
(158,134
)
16,662

Equity

36,584

 
963

 
(31,274
)
6,273

Commodity

14,015

 
119

 
(8,489
)
5,645

Total derivative receivables(e)
1,304

769,902

 
4,606

 
(719,306
)
56,506

Total trading assets(f)
183,914

930,505

 
11,899

 
(719,306
)
407,012

Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies(a)
4

67,913

 

 

67,917

Residential – nonagency

13,877

 
1

 

13,878

Commercial – nonagency

6,667

 

 

6,667

Total mortgage-backed securities
4

88,457

 
1

 

88,462

U.S. Treasury and government agencies(a)
28,158


 

 

28,158

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities

32,539

 

 

32,539

Certificates of deposit

57

 

 

57

Non-U.S. government debt securities
19,291

11,280

 

 

30,571

Corporate debt securities

4,132

 

 

4,132

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateralized loan obligations

23,780

 
547

 

24,327

Other

6,526

 

 

6,526

Equity securities
925


 

 

925

Total available-for-sale securities
48,378

166,771

 
548

 

215,697

Loans

1,674

 
305

 

1,979

Mortgage servicing rights


 
5,753

 

5,753

Other assets(f)
4,721


 
1,934

 

6,655

Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
237,013

$
1,118,566

 
$
20,439

 
$
(719,306
)
$
656,712

Deposits
$

$
15,623

 
$
2,131

 
$

$
17,754

Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements

721

 

 

721

Other borrowed funds

7,201

 
1,314

 

8,515

Trading liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 


Debt and equity instruments(d)
68,035

23,557

 
36

 

91,628

Derivative payables:
 
 
 
 
 
 


Interest rate
341

484,248

 
1,001

 
(477,384
)
8,206

Credit

24,789

 
1,334

 
(24,498
)
1,625

Foreign exchange
933

175,931

 
1,208

 
(164,051
)
14,021

Equity

39,670

 
3,407

 
(33,721
)
9,356

Commodity

17,145

 
177

 
(8,735
)
8,587

Total derivative payables(e)
1,274

741,783

 
7,127

 
(708,389
)
41,795

Total trading liabilities
69,309

765,340

 
7,163

 
(708,389
)
133,423

Accounts payable and other liabilities
11,533


 
10

 

11,543

Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs

71

 
1

 

72

Long-term debt

26,824

 
16,660

 

43,484

Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
80,842

$
815,780

 
$
27,279

 
$
(708,389
)
$
215,512



89



Fair value hierarchy

Derivative netting adjustments

 

December 31, 2016 (in millions)
Level 1

Level 2


Level 3


 
Total fair value

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$

$
21,506


$


$

 
$
21,506

Securities borrowed






 

Trading assets:
 
 

 

 
 
 
Debt instruments:
 
 

 

 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 

 

 
 
 
U.S. government agencies(a)
13

40,586


392



 
40,991

Residential – nonagency

1,552


83



 
1,635

Commercial – nonagency

1,321


17



 
1,338

Total mortgage-backed securities
13

43,459


492



 
43,964

U.S. Treasury and government agencies(a)
19,554

5,201





 
24,755

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities

8,403


649



 
9,052

Certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and commercial paper

1,649





 
1,649

Non-U.S. government debt securities
28,443

23,076


46



 
51,565

Corporate debt securities

22,751


576



 
23,327

Loans(b)

28,965


4,837



 
33,802

Asset-backed securities

5,250


302



 
5,552

Total debt instruments
48,010

138,754


6,902



 
193,666

Equity securities
96,759

281


231



 
97,271

Physical commodities(c)
5,341

1,620





 
6,961

Other

9,341


761



 
10,102

Total debt and equity instruments(d)
150,110

149,996


7,894



 
308,000

Derivative receivables:
 








 


Interest rate
715

602,747


2,501


(577,661
)
 
28,302

Credit

28,256


1,389


(28,351
)
 
1,294

Foreign exchange
812

231,743


870


(210,154
)
 
23,271

Equity

34,032


908


(30,001
)
 
4,939

Commodity
158

18,360


125


(12,371
)
 
6,272

Total derivative receivables(e)
1,685

915,138


5,793


(858,538
)
 
64,078

Total trading assets(f)
151,795

1,065,134


13,687


(858,538
)
 
372,078

Available-for-sale securities:
 








 


Mortgage-backed securities:
 








 


U.S. government agencies(a)

64,005





 
64,005

Residential – nonagency

14,442


1



 
14,443

Commercial – nonagency

9,104





 
9,104

Total mortgage-backed securities

87,551


1



 
87,552

U.S. Treasury and government agencies(a)
44,072

29





 
44,101

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities

31,592





 
31,592

Certificates of deposit

106





 
106

Non-U.S. government debt securities
22,793

12,495





 
35,288

Corporate debt securities

4,958





 
4,958

Asset-backed securities:
 








 


Collateralized loan obligations

26,738


663



 
27,401

Other

6,967





 
6,967

Equity securities
926






 
926

Total available-for-sale securities
67,791

170,436


664



 
238,891

Loans

1,660


570



 
2,230

Mortgage servicing rights



6,096



 
6,096

Other assets(f)
4,357



2,223



 
6,580

Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
223,943

$
1,258,736


$
23,240


$
(858,538
)
 
$
647,381

Deposits
$

$
11,795


$
2,117


$

 
$
13,912

Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements

687





 
687

Other borrowed funds

7,971


1,134



 
9,105

Trading liabilities:
 
 

 



 


Debt and equity instruments(d)
68,304

19,081


43



 
87,428

Derivative payables:
 
 




 
 
 
Interest rate
539

569,001


1,238


(559,963
)
 
10,815

Credit

27,375


1,291


(27,255
)
 
1,411

Foreign exchange
902

231,815


2,254


(214,463
)
 
20,508

Equity

35,202


3,160


(30,222
)
 
8,140

Commodity
173

20,079


210


(12,105
)
 
8,357

Total derivative payables(e)
1,614

883,472


8,153


(844,008
)
 
49,231

Total trading liabilities
69,918

902,553


8,196


(844,008
)
 
136,659

Accounts payable and other liabilities
9,107



13



 
9,120

Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs

72


48



 
120

Long-term debt

23,792


13,894



 
37,686

Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
$
79,025

$
946,870


$
25,402


$
(844,008
)
 
$
207,289

(a)
At June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, included total U.S. government-sponsored enterprise obligations of $84.8 billion and $80.6 billion, respectively, which were predominantly mortgage-related.
(b)
At June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, included within trading loans were $15.6 billion and $16.5 billion, respectively, of residential first-lien mortgages, and $3.1 billion and $3.3 billion, respectively, of commercial first-lien mortgages. Residential mortgage loans include conforming mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell to U.S. government agencies of $9.5 billion and $11.0 billion, respectively, and reverse mortgages of $2.0 billion for both periods.
(c)
Physical commodities inventories are generally accounted for at the lower of cost or net realizable value. “Net realizable value” is a term defined in U.S. GAAP as not exceeding fair value less costs to sell (“transaction costs”). Transaction costs for the Firm’s physical commodities inventories are either not applicable or immaterial to the value of the inventory. Therefore, net realizable value approximates fair value for the Firm’s physical commodities inventories. When fair value hedging has been applied (or when net realizable value is below cost), the carrying value of physical commodities approximates fair value, because under fair value hedge accounting, the cost basis is adjusted for changes in fair value. For a further discussion of the Firm’s hedge accounting relationships, see Note 4. To provide consistent fair value disclosure information, all physical commodities inventories have been included in each period presented.
(d)
Balances reflect the reduction of securities owned (long positions) by the amount of identical securities sold but not yet purchased (short positions).

90


(e)
As permitted under U.S. GAAP, the Firm has elected to net derivative receivables and derivative payables and the related cash collateral received and paid when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists. For purposes of the tables above, the Firm does not reduce derivative receivables and derivative payables balances for this netting adjustment, either within or across the levels of the fair value hierarchy, as such netting is not relevant to a presentation based on the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability. The level 3 balances would be reduced if netting were applied, including the netting benefit associated with cash collateral.
(f)
Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient are not required to be classified in the fair value hierarchy. At June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, the fair values of these investments, which include certain hedge funds, private equity funds, real estate and other funds, were $809 million and $1.0 billion, respectively. Included in these balances at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, were trading assets of $52 million for both periods, and other assets of $757 million and $977 million, respectively.

Transfers between levels for instruments carried at fair
value on a recurring basis
For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, there were no individually significant transfers.
All transfers are based on changes in the observability of the valuation inputs and are assumed to occur at the beginning of the quarterly reporting period in which they occur.
Level 3 valuations
For further information on the Firm’s valuation process and a detailed discussion of the determination of fair value for individual financial instruments, see Note 3 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
The following table presents the Firm’s primary level 3 financial instruments, the valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of those financial instruments, the significant unobservable inputs, the range of values for those inputs and, for certain instruments, the weighted averages of such inputs. While the determination to classify an instrument within level 3 is based on the significance of the unobservable inputs to the overall fair value measurement, level 3 financial instruments typically include observable components (that is, components that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources) in addition to the unobservable components. The level 1 and/or level 2 inputs are not included in the table. In addition, the Firm manages the risk of the observable components of level 3 financial instruments using securities and derivative positions that are classified within levels 1 or 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
The range of values presented in the table is representative of the highest and lowest level input used to value the significant groups of instruments within a product/instrument classification. Where provided, the weighted averages of the input values presented in the table are calculated based on the fair value of the instruments that the input is being used to value.
 
In the Firm’s view, the input range and the weighted average value do not reflect the degree of input uncertainty or an assessment of the reasonableness of the Firm’s estimates and assumptions. Rather, they reflect the characteristics of the various instruments held by the Firm and the relative distribution of instruments within the range of characteristics. For example, two option contracts may have similar levels of market risk exposure and valuation uncertainty, but may have significantly different implied volatility levels because the option contracts have different underlyings, tenors, or strike prices. The input range and weighted average values will therefore vary from period-to-period and parameter-to-parameter based on the characteristics of the instruments held by the Firm at each balance sheet date.
For the Firm’s derivatives and structured notes positions classified within level 3 at June 30, 2017, interest rate correlation inputs used in estimating fair value were concentrated towards the upper end of the range presented; equity correlation and equity-FX and equity-IR correlation inputs were concentrated in the middle of the range; commodity correlation inputs were concentrated towards the lower end of the range; credit correlation inputs were distributed across the range; and the interest rate-foreign exchange (“IR-FX”) correlation inputs were concentrated towards the lower end of the range. In addition, the interest rate spread volatility inputs used in estimating fair value were distributed across the range presented; equity volatilities and commodity volatilities were concentrated towards the lower end of the range; and forward commodity prices used in estimating the fair value of commodity derivatives were concentrated in the middle of the range presented. Recovery rate, yield, prepayment speed, conditional default rate and loss severity inputs used in estimating the fair value of credit derivatives were distributed across the range; and credit spreads were concentrated towards the lower end of the range.

91


Level 3 inputs(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2017 (in millions, except for ratios and basis points)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Product/Instrument
Fair value
 
Principal valuation technique
Unobservable inputs(g)
Range of input values
Weighted average
Residential mortgage-backed securities and loans(b)
$
2,641

 
Discounted cash flows
Yield
5%

18%

 
5%

 
 
 
Prepayment speed
0%

26%

 
8%

 
 
 
 
Conditional default rate
0%

7%

 
2%

 
 
 
 
Loss severity
0%

100%

 
6%

Commercial mortgage-backed securities and loans(c)
956

 
Market comparables
Price
$
0

$
114

 
$
94

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
681

 
Market comparables
Price
$
58

$
100

 
$
97

Corporate debt securities
461

 
Market comparables
Price
$
0

$
108

 
$
87

Loans(d)
1,725

 
Market comparables
Price
$
5

$
103

 
$
84

Asset-backed securities
547

 
Discounted cash flows
Credit spread
246bps
461 bps
260 bps
 
 
 
 
Prepayment speed
20%
 
 
20%

 
 
 
 
Conditional default rate
2%
 
 
2%

 
 
 
 
Loss severity
30%
 
 
30%

 
83

 
Market comparables
Price
$
0

$
169

 
$
85

Net interest rate derivatives
648

 
Option pricing
Interest rate spread volatility
3%

38%

 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate correlation
(50)%

97%

 
 
 
 
 
 
IR-FX correlation
60%

70%

 
 
 
64

 
Discounted cash flows
Prepayment speed
4%

15%

 
 
Net credit derivatives
(45
)
 
Discounted cash flows
Credit correlation
35%

85%

 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit spread
6bps

1,557bps
 
 
 
 
 
Recovery rate
20%

65%

 
 
 
 
 
 
Yield
5%

8%

 
 
 
 
 
 
Prepayment speed
2%

14%

 
 
 
 
 
 
Conditional default rate
2%

100%

 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss severity
39%

100%

 
 
Net foreign exchange derivatives
(490
)
 
Option pricing
IR-FX correlation
(50)%

70%

 
 
 
(196
)
 
Discounted cash flows
Prepayment speed
7%
 
 
 
Net equity derivatives
(2,444
)
 
Option pricing
Equity volatility
15%

55%

 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity correlation
(5)%


90%

 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity-FX correlation
(55)%


25%

 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity-IR correlation
20%

35%

 
 
Net commodity derivatives
(58
)
 
Option pricing
Forward commodity price
$
41

$ 54 per barrel
 
 
 
 
Commodity volatility
22%


50%

 
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity correlation
15%


97%

 
 
MSRs
5,753

 
Discounted cash flows
Refer to Note 14
 
 
Other assets
1,124

 
Discounted cash flows
Credit spread
40bps

90bps
65bps
 
 
 
 
Yield
8%

40%

 
32%
 
1,541

 
Market comparables
EBITDA multiple

6.6x

10.3x

 
7.6x
Long-term debt, other borrowed funds, and deposits(e)
20,105

 
Option pricing
Interest rate spread volatility
3%

38%

 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate correlation
(50)%

97%

 
 
 
 
 
IR-FX correlation
(50)%

70%

 
 
 
 
 
Equity correlation
(5)%

90%

 
 
 
 
 
Equity-FX correlation
(55)%

25%

 
 
 
 
 
Equity-IR correlation
20%

35%

 
 
Other level 3 assets and liabilities, net(f)
274

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(a)
The categories presented in the table have been aggregated based upon the product type, which may differ from their classification on the Consolidated balance sheets. Furthermore, the inputs presented for each valuation technique in the table are, in some cases, not applicable to every instrument valued using the technique as the characteristics of the instruments can differ.
(b)
Includes U.S. government agency securities of $348 million, nonagency securities of $99 million and trading loans of $2.2 billion.
(c)
Includes U.S. government agency securities of $17 million, nonagency securities of $65 million, trading loans of $570 million and non-trading loans of $304 million.
(d)
Includes trading loans of $1.7 billion and non-trading loans of $1 million.
(e)
Long-term debt, other borrowed funds and deposits include structured notes issued by the Firm that are predominantly financial instruments containing embedded derivatives. The estimation of the fair value of structured notes includes the derivative features embedded within the instrument. The significant unobservable inputs are broadly consistent with those presented for derivative receivables.
(f)
Includes level 3 assets and liabilities that are insignificant both individually and in aggregate.
(g)
Price is a significant unobservable input for certain instruments. When quoted market prices are not readily available, reliance is generally placed on price-based internal valuation techniques. The price input is expressed assuming a par value of $100.

92


Changes in and ranges of unobservable inputs
For a discussion of the impact on fair value of changes in unobservable inputs and the relationships between unobservable inputs as well as a description of attributes of the underlying instruments and external market factors that affect the range of inputs used in the valuation of the Firm’s positions see Note 3 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
Changes in level 3 recurring fair value measurements
The following tables include a rollforward of the Consolidated balance sheets amounts (including changes in fair value) for financial instruments classified by the Firm within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. When a determination is made to classify a financial instrument within level 3, the determination is based on the significance of the unobservable parameters to the overall
 
fair value measurement. However, level 3 financial instruments typically include, in addition to the unobservable or level 3 components, observable components (that is, components that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources); accordingly, the gains and losses in the table below include changes in fair value due in part to observable factors that are part of the valuation methodology. Also, the Firm risk-manages the observable components of level 3 financial instruments using securities and derivative positions that are classified within level 1 or 2 of the fair value hierarchy; as these level 1 and level 2 risk management instruments are not included below, the gains or losses in the following tables do not reflect the effect of the Firm’s risk management activities related to such level 3 instruments.


93


 
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
 
 
Three months ended
June 30, 2017
(in millions)
Fair
value at
April 1, 2017
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)
 
 
 
 
Transfers into
level 3
(h)
Transfers (out of) level 3(h)
Fair value at
June 30, 2017
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2017
Purchases(f)
Sales
 
Settlements(g)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies
$
353

 
$
(11
)
 
$
82

$
(54
)
 
$
(19
)
$
20

$
(6
)
 
$
365

 
$
(14
)
 
Residential – nonagency
35

 
(1
)
 
31

(3
)
 
(5
)
46

(5
)
 
98

 
(4
)
 
Commercial – nonagency
45

 
(1
)
 
10

(6
)
 
(2
)
30

(11
)
 
65

 
(1
)
 
Total mortgage-backed securities
433

 
(13
)
 
123

(63
)
 
(26
)
96

(22
)
 
528

 
(19
)
 
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
668

 
4

 
9


 



 
681

 
3

 
Non-U.S. government debt securities
47

 
3

 
102

(95
)
 

1

(21
)
 
37

 
2

 
Corporate debt securities
738

 
2

 
74

(38
)
 
(254
)
27

(88
)
 
461

 
1

 
Loans
4,588

 
68

 
729

(323
)
 
(390
)
122

(306
)
 
4,488

 
83

 
Asset-backed securities
245

 
8

 
11

(30
)
 
(25
)
6

(132
)
 
83

 
6

 
Total debt instruments
6,719

 
72

 
1,048

(549
)
 
(695
)
252

(569
)
 
6,278

 
76

 
Equity securities
271

 
21

 
57

(41
)
 

1

(25
)
 
284

 
10

 
Other
763

 
43

 
3

(7
)
 
(65
)
2

(8
)
 
731

 
31

 
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments
7,753

 
136

(c) 
1,108

(597
)
 
(760
)
255

(602
)
 
7,293

 
117

(c) 
Net derivative receivables:(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
1,009

 
37

 
21

(30
)
 
(348
)
30

(7
)
 
712

 
(90
)
 
Credit
17

 
(48
)
 
1

(1
)
 
(20
)
6


 
(45
)
 
(37
)
 
Foreign exchange
(1,490
)
 
95

 
3

(2
)
 
656

12

40

 
(686
)
 
101

 
Equity
(1,896
)
 
(35
)
 
149

(83
)
 
(504
)
(108
)
33

 
(2,444
)
 
(38
)
 
Commodity
(56
)
 
(22
)
 


 
23

(2
)
(1
)
 
(58
)
 
(32
)
 
Total net derivative receivables
(2,416
)
 
27

(c) 
174

(116
)
 
(193
)
(62
)
65

 
(2,521
)
 
(96
)
(c) 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-backed securities
622

 
2

 


 
(77
)


 
547

 
2

 
Other
1

 

 


 



 
1

 

 
Total available-for-sale securities
623

 
2

(d) 


 
(77
)


 
548

 
2

(d) 
Loans
404

 
18

(c) 


 
(117
)


 
305

 
13

(c) 
Mortgage servicing rights
6,079

 
(200
)
(e) 
154

(67
)
 
(213
)


 
5,753

 
(200
)
(e) 
Other assets
2,077

 
193

(c) 
28

(78
)
 
(286
)


 
1,934

 
120

(c) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
 
 
Three months ended
June 30, 2017
(in millions)
Fair
value at
April 1, 2017
Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses
 
 
 
 
Transfers into
level 3
(h)
Transfers (out of) level 3(h)
Fair value at
June 30, 2017
Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2017
Purchases
Sales
Issuances
Settlements(g)
Liabilities:(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
$
2,133

 
$
30

(c) 
$

$

$
292

$
(31
)
$

$
(293
)
 
$
2,131

 
$
27

(c) 
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements

 

 






 

 

 
Other borrowed funds
1,261

 
46

(c) 


683

(657
)
23

(42
)
 
1,314

 
53

(c) 
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments
45

 
(1
)
(c) 
(7
)
2



1

(4
)
 
36

 


Accounts payable and other liabilities
11

 

 
(1
)





 
10

 

 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
51

 


(44
)


(6
)


 
1

 


Long-term debt
15,895

 
207

(c) 


2,931

(2,274
)
53

(152
)
 
16,660

 
152

(c) 


94



Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs

 
Three months ended
June 30, 2016
(in millions)
Fair
value at
April 1, 2016
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)




Transfers into
level 3(h)
Transfers (out of) level 3(h)
Fair value at
June 30, 2016
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2016
Purchases(f)
Sales

Settlements(g)
Assets:













 









Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
4

$

 
$

$

 
$

$

$
(4
)
 
$

 
$

 
Trading assets:













 









Debt instruments:













 









Mortgage-backed securities:













 









U.S. government agencies
650

(24
)

1

(50
)


(28
)
6

(82
)

473


(27
)

Residential – nonagency
186

(1
)

143

(148
)


(6
)
30

(4
)

200


(1
)

Commercial – nonagency
195

(1
)

15

(23
)



8

(164
)

30


(2
)

Total mortgage-backed securities
1,031

(26
)

159

(221
)


(34
)
44

(250
)

703


(30
)

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
620

4



(41
)


(32
)



551


4


Non-U.S. government debt securities
40

(8
)

25

(19
)




(1
)

37


(5
)

Corporate debt securities
654

(54
)

80

(89
)


(68
)
16

(23
)

516


(50
)

Loans
6,776

(217
)

421

(733
)


(338
)
240

(133
)

6,016


(234
)

Asset-backed securities
1,190

16


255

(334
)


(42
)
37

(163
)

959


4


Total debt instruments
10,311

(285
)

940

(1,437
)


(514
)
337

(570
)

8,782


(311
)

Equity securities
279

(9
)

2

(24
)


(3
)
1



246


(6
)

Other
723

(37
)

169

(144
)


(29
)
3

(15
)

670


(36
)

Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments
11,313

(331
)
(c) 
1,111

(1,605
)


(546
)
341

(585
)

9,698


(353
)
(c) 
Net derivative receivables:(a)













 









Interest rate
846

334


62

(12
)


(180
)
(1
)
58


1,107


190


Credit
402

(202
)


(1
)


48

37

(5
)

279


(76
)

Foreign exchange
(1,032
)
53


58

(103
)


(158
)
(43
)
20


(1,205
)

75


Equity
(2,055
)
(12
)

72

(215
)

(5
)
252

71


(1,892
)

9


Commodity
(952
)
235



18



(29
)
3

6


(719
)

291


Total net derivative receivables
(2,791
)
408

(c) 
192

(313
)

(324
)
248

150


(2,430
)

489

(c) 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 

 
 


 
 
 

 

 

Asset-backed securities
809

7






(7
)



809


7


Other
1











1




Total available-for-sale securities
810

7

(d) 




(7
)



810


7

(d) 
Loans
1,009

(36
)
(c) 
184




(372
)



785


(16
)
(c) 
Mortgage servicing rights
5,658

(457
)
(e) 
113

(3
)


(239
)



5,072


(457
)
(e) 
Other assets
2,351

114

(c) 
457

(422
)
 
(131
)


 
2,369

 
53

(c) 













 









Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs


Three months ended
June 30, 2016
(in millions)
Fair
value at
April 1, 2016
Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses




Transfers into
level 3(h)
Transfers (out of) level 3(h)
Fair value at
June 30, 2016
Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2016
Purchases
Sales
Issuances
Settlements(g)
Liabilities:(b)












 








Deposits
$
2,419

$
33

(c) 
$

$

$
317

$
(168
)
$

$
(192
)

$
2,409


$
40

(c) 
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
6


 



(2
)

(4
)
 

 

 
Other borrowed funds
568

(31
)
(c) 


515

(170
)
42

(17
)

907


(12
)
(c) 
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments
52

(3
)
(c) 

17


(12
)
3



57


(1
)
(c) 
Accounts payable and other liabilities
16






(1
)



15




Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
649

(30
)
(c) 



(35
)



584


(30
)
(c) 
Long-term debt
12,587

(47
)
(c) 


2,714

(1,498
)
168

(777
)

13,147


186

(c) 



95


 
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
 
 
Six months ended
June 30, 2017
(in millions)
Fair
value at
January 1, 2017
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)
 
 
 
 
Transfers into
level 3
(h)
Transfers (out of) level 3(h)
Fair value at
June 30, 2017
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2017
Purchases(f)
Sales
 
Settlements(g)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Trading assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies
$
392

 
$
(7
)
 
$
161

$
(151
)
 
$
(35
)
$
27

$
(22
)
 
$
365

 
$
(16
)
 
Residential – nonagency
83

 
8

 
36

(20
)
 
(9
)
61

(61
)
 
98

 
1

 
Commercial – nonagency
17

 
2

 
17

(14
)
 
(5
)
60

(12
)
 
65

 
(1
)
 
Total mortgage-backed securities
492

 
3

 
214

(185
)
 
(49
)
148

(95
)
 
528

 
(16
)
 
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
649

 
12

 
95

(70
)
 
(5
)


 
681

 
11

 
Non-U.S. government debt securities
46

 
3

 
174

(178
)
 

27

(35
)
 
37

 
3

 
Corporate debt securities
576

 
(7
)
 
497

(146
)
 
(376
)
60

(143
)
 
461

 
1

 
Loans
4,837

 
178

 
1,491

(1,067
)
 
(765
)
318

(504
)
 
4,488

 
98

 
Asset-backed securities
302

 
22

 
109

(168
)
 
(36
)
14

(160
)
 
83

 
7

 
Total debt instruments
6,902

 
211

 
2,580

(1,814
)
 
(1,231
)
567

(937
)
 
6,278

 
104

 
Equity securities
231

 
34

 
113

(47
)
 

2

(49
)
 
284

 
20

 
Other
761

 
65

 
22

(7
)
 
(112
)
10

(8
)
 
731

 
49

 
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments
7,894

 
310

(c) 
2,715

(1,868
)
 
(1,343
)
579

(994
)
 
7,293

 
173

(c) 
Net derivative receivables:(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
1,263

 
81

 
37

(53
)
 
(651
)
34

1

 
712

 
(151
)
 
Credit
98

 
(94
)
 
1

(3
)
 
(62
)
17

(2
)
 
(45
)
 
(50
)
 
Foreign exchange
(1,384
)
 
70

 
4

(4
)
 
565

23

40

 
(686
)
 
60

 
Equity
(2,252
)
 
34

 
485

(128
)
 
(528
)
(181
)
126

 
(2,444
)
 
(37
)
 
Commodity
(85
)
 
(4
)
 


 
25

4

2

 
(58
)
 
30

 
Total net derivative receivables
(2,360
)
 
87

(c) 
527

(188
)
 
(651
)
(103
)
167

 
(2,521
)
 
(148
)
(c) 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-backed securities
663

 
12

 

(50
)
 
(78
)


 
547

 
10

 
Other
1

 

 


 



 
1

 

 
Total available-for-sale securities
664

 
12

(d) 

(50
)
 
(78
)


 
548

 
10

(d) 
Loans
570

 
24

(c) 


 
(289
)


 
305

 
16

(c) 
Mortgage servicing rights
6,096

 
(157
)
(e) 
371

(138
)
 
(419
)


 
5,753

 
(157
)
(e) 
Other assets
2,223

 
230

(c) 
32

(155
)
 
(396
)


 
1,934

 
132

(c) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
 
 
Six months ended
June 30, 2017
(in millions)
Fair
value at
January 1, 2017
Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses
 
 
 
 
Transfers into
level 3
(h)
Transfers (out of) level 3(h)
Fair value at
June 30, 2017
Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2017
Purchases
Sales
Issuances
Settlements(g)
Liabilities:(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
$
2,117

 
$
6

(c) 
$

$

$
601

$
(111
)
$

$
(482
)
 
$
2,131

 
$
45

(c) 
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements

 

 






 

 

 
Other borrowed funds
1,134

 
47

(c) 


1,390

(1,242
)
40

(55
)
 
1,314

 
49

(c) 
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments
43

 
(1
)
(c) 
(8
)
4


1

3

(6
)
 
36

 

 
Accounts payable and other liabilities
13

 

 
(1
)


(2
)


 
10

 

 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
48

 
3

(c) 
(44
)


(6
)


 
1

 


Long-term debt
13,894

 
633

(c) 


7,583

(5,085
)
88

(453
)
 
16,660

 
432

(c) 


96


 
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
 
 
Six months ended
June 30, 2016
(in millions)
Fair
value at
January 1, 2016
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)
 
 
 
 
Transfers into
level 3(h)
Transfers (out of) level 3(h)
Fair value at
June 30, 2016
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2016
Purchases(f)
Sales
 
Settlements(g)
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$

$

 
$

$

 
$

$
4

$
(4
)
 
$

 
$

 
Trading assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt instruments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies
715

(74
)
 
129

(208
)
 
(58
)
87

(118
)
 
473

 
(78
)
 
Residential – nonagency
194

(1
)
 
177

(184
)
 
(11
)
44

(19
)
 
200

 
(6
)
 
Commercial – nonagency
115

(6
)
 
65

(28
)
 

135

(251
)
 
30

 
(2
)
 
Total mortgage-backed securities
1,024

(81
)
 
371

(420
)
 
(69
)
266

(388
)
 
703

 
(86
)
 
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
651

9

 
36

(107
)
 
(38
)


 
551

 
9

 
Non-U.S. government debt securities
74

2

 
29

(51
)
 


(17
)
 
37

 
(14
)
 
Corporate debt securities
736

(32
)
 
159

(144
)
 
(125
)
55

(133
)
 
516

 
(1
)
 
Loans
6,604

(188
)
 
865

(1,144
)
 
(642
)
763

(242
)
 
6,016

 
(195
)
 
Asset-backed securities
1,832

17

 
432

(470
)
 
(917
)
241

(176
)
 
959

 
3

 
Total debt instruments
10,921

(273
)
 
1,892

(2,336
)
 
(1,791
)
1,325

(956
)
 
8,782

 
(284
)
 
Equity securities
265

(3
)
 
33

(33
)
 
(22
)
7

(1
)
 
246

 
17

 
Other
744

(46
)
 
353

(287
)
 
(35
)
25

(84
)
 
670

 
(12
)
 
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments
11,930

(322
)
(c) 
2,278

(2,656
)
 
(1,848
)
1,357

(1,041
)
 
9,698

 
(279
)
(c) 
Net derivative receivables:(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
876

540

 
106

(20
)
 
(442
)
5

42

 
1,107

 
153

 
Credit
549

(448
)
 

(2
)
 
117

48

15

 
279

 
(402
)
 
Foreign exchange
(725
)
(194
)
 
58

(118
)
 
(200
)
(45
)
19

 
(1,205
)
 
(72
)
 
Equity
(1,514
)
(364
)
 
142

(322
)
 
73

38

55

 
(1,892
)
 
(3
)
 
Commodity
(935
)
227

 

18

 
(40
)
3

8

 
(719
)
 
230

 
Total net derivative receivables
(1,749
)
(239
)
(c) 
306

(444
)
 
(492
)
49

139

 
(2,430
)
 
(94
)
(c) 
Available-for-sale securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-backed securities
823

(1
)
 


 
(13
)


 
809

 
(14
)
 
Other
1


 


 



 
1

 

 
Total available-for-sale securities
824

(1
)
(d) 


 
(13
)


 
810

 
(14
)
(d) 
Loans
1,518

(14
)
(c) 
184


 
(590
)

(313
)
 
785

 
(16
)
(c) 
Mortgage servicing rights
6,608

(1,209
)
(e) 
220

(67
)
 
(480
)


 
5,072

 
(1,209
)
(e) 
Other assets
2,401

146

(c) 
471

(438
)
 
(211
)


 
2,369

 
(22
)
(c) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
 
 
Six months ended
June 30, 2016
(in millions)
Fair
value at
January 1, 2016
Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses
 
 
 
 
Transfers into
level 3(h)
Transfers (out of) level 3(h)
Fair value at
June 30, 2016
Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related
to financial instruments held at June 30, 2016
Purchases
Sales
Issuances
Settlements(g)
Liabilities:(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
$
2,950

$
75

(c) 
$

$

$
483

$
(677
)
$

$
(422
)
 
$
2,409

 
$
318

(c) 
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements


 



(2
)
6

(4
)
 

 

 
Other borrowed funds
639

(156
)
(c) 


772

(369
)
50

(29
)
 
907

 
4

(c) 
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments
63

(7
)
(c) 

18


(15
)
3

(5
)
 
57

 

 
Accounts payable and other liabilities
19


 



(4
)


 
15

 

 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
549

(22
)
(c) 


143

(86
)


 
584

 
(35
)
(c) 
Long-term debt
11,613

392

(c) 


4,875

(2,895
)
259

(1,097
)
 
13,147

 
1,154

(c) 



97


(a)
All level 3 derivatives are presented on a net basis, irrespective of the underlying counterparty.
(b)
Level 3 liabilities as a percentage of total Firm liabilities accounted for at fair value (including liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis) were 13% and 12% at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively.
(c)
Predominantly reported in principal transactions revenue, except for changes in fair value for CCB mortgage loans and lending-related commitments originated with the intent to sell, and mortgage loan purchase commitments, which are reported in mortgage fees and related income.
(d)
Realized gains/(losses) on AFS securities, as well as other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI) losses that are recorded in earnings, are reported in securities gains. Unrealized gains/(losses) are reported in OCI. Realized gains/(losses) and foreign exchange hedge accounting adjustments recorded in income on AFS securities were zero for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Unrealized gains/(losses) recorded on AFS securities in OCI were $2 million and $7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively and $12 million and $(2) million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
(e)
Changes in fair value for CCB MSRs are reported in mortgage fees and related income.
(f)
Loan originations are included in purchases.
(g)
Includes financial assets and liabilities that have matured, been partially or fully repaid, impacts of modifications, deconsolidation associated with beneficial interests in VIEs and other items.
(h)
All transfers into and/or out of level 3 are based on changes in the observability of the valuation inputs and are assumed to occur at the beginning of the quarterly reporting period in which they occur.
Level 3 analysis
Consolidated balance sheets changes
Level 3 assets (including assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis) were 0.8% of total Firm assets at June 30, 2017. The following describes significant changes to level 3 assets since December 31, 2016, for those items measured at fair value on a recurring basis. For further information on changes impacting items measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis, see Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis on page 99.
Three months ended June 30, 2017
Level 3 assets were $20.4 billion at June 30, 2017, reflecting a decrease of $1.4 billion from March 31, 2017 with no movements that were individually significant.
Six months ended June 30, 2017
Level 3 assets at June 30, 2017 decreased by $2.8 billion from December 31, 2016, largely due to the following:
$1.8 billion decrease in trading assets driven by lower levels of interest rate and foreign exchange derivative receivables, largely due to settlements and transfers from level 3 to level 2 as a result of increased observability of certain valuation inputs.
Gains and losses
The following describes significant components of total realized/unrealized gains/(losses) for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the periods indicated. For further information on these instruments, see Changes in level 3 recurring fair value measurements rollforward tables on pages 94–98.
Three months ended June 30, 2017
$176 million of net gains on assets and $282 million of net losses on liabilities, none of which were individually significant.
Three months ended June 30, 2016
$295 million of net losses on assets and $78 million of net gains on liabilities, none of which were individually significant.
 
Six months ended June 30, 2017
$506 million of net gains on assets and $688 million of net losses on liabilities, none of which were individually significant.
Six months ended June 30, 2016
$1.6 billion of net losses on assets largely driven by $1.2 billion loss on MSRs. For further details see Note 14.
Credit and funding adjustments — derivatives
The following table provides the impact of credit and funding adjustments on principal transactions revenue in the respective periods, excluding the effect of any associated hedging activities. The DVA and FVA reported below include the impact of the Firm’s own credit quality on the inception value of liabilities as well as the impact of changes in the Firm’s own credit quality over time.
 
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Credit and funding adjustments:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivatives CVA
$
249

 
$
(168
)
 
$
470

 
$
(756
)
Derivatives DVA and FVA
(60
)
 
43

 
(67
)
 
(123
)
For further information about both credit and funding adjustments, as well as information about valuation adjustments on fair value option elected liabilities, see Note 3 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.

98


Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
The following table presents the assets and liabilities reported on a nonrecurring basis at fair value as of June 30, 2017 and 2016, by major product category and fair value hierarchy.
 
Fair value hierarchy
 
Total fair value
June 30, 2017 (in millions)
Level 1

Level 2

 
Level 3

 
Loans
$

$
292


$
430

(a) 
$
722

Other assets

10

 
245

 
255

Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

302

 
675

(a) 
977

Accounts payable and other liabilities

1

 
2

 
3

Total liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
$

$
1

 
$
2

 
$
3

 
Fair value hierarchy
 
Total fair value
June 30, 2016 (in millions)
Level 1

Level 2

 
Level 3

 
Loans
$

$
280

 
$
366

 
$
646

Other assets

11

 
93

 
104

Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

291

 
459

 
750

Accounts payable and other liabilities

2

 
7

 
9

Total liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis
$

$
2

 
$
7

 
$
9

(a)
Of the $675 million in level 3 assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of June 30, 2017, $146 million related to residential real estate loans carried at the net realizable value of the underlying collateral (i.e., collateral-dependent loans and other loans charged off in accordance with regulatory guidance). These amounts are classified as level 3 as they are valued using a broker’s price opinion and discounted based upon the Firm’s experience with actual liquidation values. These discounts to the broker price opinions ranged from 20% to 48% with a weighted average of 29%.
Nonrecurring fair value changes
The following table presents the total change in value of assets and liabilities for which a fair value adjustment has been included in the Consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, related to financial instruments held at those dates.
 
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Loans
$
(60
)
 
$
(53
)
 
$
(109
)

$
(103
)
Other Assets
(17
)
 
(18
)
 
(44
)
 
(22
)
Accounts payable and other liabilities
(1
)
 
(5
)
 
(1
)
 
(5
)
Total nonrecurring fair value gains/(losses)
$
(78
)
 
$
(76
)
 
$
(154
)
 
$
(130
)
For further information about the measurement of impaired collateral-dependent loans, and other loans where the carrying value is based on the fair value of the underlying collateral (e.g., residential mortgage loans charged off in accordance with regulatory guidance), see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.


99


Additional disclosures about the fair value of financial instruments that are not carried on the Consolidated balance sheets at fair value
The following table presents by fair value hierarchy classification the carrying values and estimated fair values at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, of financial assets and liabilities, excluding financial instruments that are carried at fair value on a recurring basis, and their classification within the fair value hierarchy. For additional information regarding the financial instruments within the scope of this disclosure, and the methods and significant assumptions used to estimate their fair value, see Note 3 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
 
June 30, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
Estimated fair value hierarchy
 
 
 
Estimated fair value hierarchy
 
(in billions)
Carrying
value
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total estimated
fair value
 
Carrying
value
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total estimated
fair value
Financial assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
$
21.8

$
21.8

$

$

$
21.8

 
$
23.9

$
23.9

$

$

$
23.9

Deposits with banks
427.4

426.0

1.4


427.4

 
365.8

362.0

3.8


365.8

Accrued interest and accounts receivable
64.0


62.7

0.2

62.9

 
52.3


52.2

0.1

52.3

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
200.5


200.5


200.5

 
208.5


208.3

0.2

208.5

Securities borrowed
89.1


89.1


89.1

 
96.4


96.4


96.4

Securities, held-to-maturity
47.8


48.8


48.8

 
50.2


50.9


50.9

Loans, net of allowance for loan losses(a)
893.4


30.8

862.1

892.9

 
878.8


24.1

851.0

875.1

Other
64.7


54.6

14.8

69.4

 
71.4

0.1

60.8

14.3

75.2

Financial liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits
$
1,421.7

$

$
1,421.8

$

$
1,421.8

 
$
1,361.3

$

$
1,361.3

$

$
1,361.3

Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
164.9


164.9


164.9

 
165.0


165.0


165.0

Commercial paper
22.2


22.2


22.2

 
11.7


11.7


11.7

Other borrowed funds
22.4


22.4


22.4

 
13.6


13.6


13.6

Accounts payable and other liabilities
150.5


146.9

3.0

149.9

 
148.0


144.8

3.4

148.2

Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
30.8


30.8


30.8

 
38.9


38.9


38.9

Long-term debt and junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures
249.5


252.5

2.5

255.0

 
257.5


260.0

2.0

262.0

(a)
Fair value is typically estimated using a discounted cash flow model that incorporates the characteristics of the underlying loans (including principal, contractual interest rate and contractual fees) and other key inputs, including expected lifetime credit losses, interest rates, prepayment rates, and primary origination or secondary market spreads. For certain loans, the fair value is measured based on the value of the underlying collateral. The difference between the estimated fair value and carrying value of a financial asset or liability is the result of the different methodologies used to determine fair value as compared with carrying value. For example, credit losses are estimated for a financial asset’s remaining life in a fair value calculation but are estimated for a loss emergence period in the allowance for loan loss calculation; future loan income (interest and fees) is incorporated in a fair value calculation but is generally not considered in the allowance for loan losses. For a further discussion of the Firm’s methodologies for estimating the fair value of loans and lending-related commitments, see Valuation hierarchy on pages 150–153 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
The majority of the Firm’s lending-related commitments are not carried at fair value on a recurring basis on the Consolidated balance sheets, nor are they actively traded. The carrying value of the wholesale allowance for lending-related commitments and the estimated fair value of these wholesale lending-related commitments were as follows for the periods indicated.
 
June 30, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
Estimated fair value hierarchy
 
 
 
Estimated fair value hierarchy
 
(in billions)
Carrying value(a)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total estimated fair value
 
Carrying value(a)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total estimated fair value
Wholesale lending-related commitments
$
1.1

$

$

$
1.6

$
1.6

 
$
1.1

$

$

$
2.1

$
2.1

(a)
Excludes the current carrying values of the guarantee liability and the offsetting asset, each of which is recognized at fair value at the inception of the guarantees.
The Firm does not estimate the fair value of consumer lending-related commitments. In many cases, the Firm can reduce or cancel these commitments by providing the borrower notice or, in some cases as permitted by law, without notice. For a further discussion of the valuation of lending-related commitments, see page 151 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.


100


Note 3 – Fair value option
For a discussion of the primary financial instruments for which the fair value option was elected, including the basis for those elections and the determination of instrument-specific credit risk, where relevant, see Note 4 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
Changes in fair value under the fair value option election
The following tables present the changes in fair value included in the Consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, for items for which the fair value option was elected. The profit and loss information presented below only includes the financial instruments that were elected to be measured at fair value; related risk management instruments, which are required to be measured at fair value, are not included in the table.
 
Three months ended June 30,

2017
 
2016
(in millions)
Principal transactions

All other income
Total changes in fair
value recorded
 
Principal transactions
 
All other income
Total changes in fair value recorded
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
(12
)

$


$
(12
)

 
$

 
$

 
$

Securities borrowed
13




13


 
3

 

 
3

Trading assets:









 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt and equity instruments, excluding loans
334


2

(c) 
336


 
(141
)
 
1

(c) 
(140
)
Loans reported as trading assets:









 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk
69


9

(c) 
78


 
34

 
16

(c) 
50

Other changes in fair value
43


229

(c) 
272


 
70

 
206

(c) 
276

Loans:









 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk






 

 

 

Other changes in fair value
1


3


4


 
(3
)
 

 
(3
)
Other assets
3


(16
)
(d) 
(13
)

 
2

 
102

(d) 
104

Deposits(a)
(86
)



(86
)

 
(226
)
 

 
(226
)
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
(3
)



(3
)

 
(3
)
 

 
(3
)
Other borrowed funds(a)
43




43


 
(529
)
 

 
(529
)
Trading liabilities






 
(2
)
 

 
(2
)
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs






 
16

 

 
16

Long-term debt(a)(b)
(170
)



(170
)

 
(600
)
 

 
(600
)

101


 
Six months ended June 30,
 
2017
 
 
2016
(in millions)
Principal transactions
 
All other income
Total changes in fair value recorded
 
 
Principal transactions
 
All other income
Total changes in fair value recorded
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
$
(33
)
 
$

 
$
(33
)
 
 
$
68

 
$

 
$
68

Securities borrowed
90

 

 
90

 
 
1

 

 
1

Trading assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Debt and equity instruments, excluding loans
695

 
2

(c) 
697

 
 
(113
)
 

 
(113
)
Loans reported as trading assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk
243

 
15

(c) 
258

 
 
98

 
14

(c) 
112

Other changes in fair value
77

 
352

(c) 
429

 
 
186

 
523

(c) 
709

Loans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk
(1
)
 

 
(1
)
 
 
13

 

 
13

Other changes in fair value
1

 
3

 
4

 
 
4

 

 
4

Other assets
7

 
(22
)
(d) 
(15
)
 
 
14

 
82

(d) 
96

Deposits(a)
(245
)
 

 
(245
)
 
 
(569
)
 

 
(569
)
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
2

 

 
2

 
 
(20
)
 

 
(20
)
Other borrowed funds(a)
(431
)
 

 
(431
)
 
 
(1
)
 

 
(1
)
Trading liabilities
(1
)
 

 
(1
)
 
 
2

 

 
2

Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs

 

 

 
 
23

 

 
23

Long-term debt(a)(b)
(923
)
 

 
(923
)
 
 
(918
)
 

 
(918
)
(a)
Unrealized gains/(losses) due to instrument-specific credit risk (DVA) for liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected is recorded in OCI, while realized gains/(losses) are recorded in principal transactions revenue. Realized gains/(losses) due to instrument-specific credit risk recorded in principal transaction revenue were not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
(b)
Long-term debt measured at fair value predominantly relates to structured notes. Although the risk associated with the structured notes is actively managed, the gains/(losses) reported in this table do not include the income statement impact of the risk management instruments used to manage such risk.
(c)
Reported in mortgage fees and related income.
(d)
Reported in other income.


102


Difference between aggregate fair value and aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding
The following table reflects the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, for loans, long-term debt and long-term beneficial interests for which the fair value option has been elected.
 
June 30, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
(in millions)
Contractual principal outstanding

Fair value
Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding
 
Contractual principal outstanding
 
Fair value
Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding
Loans(a)







 
 
 
 
 
Nonaccrual loans







 
 
 
 
 
Loans reported as trading assets
$
3,933


$
1,193

$
(2,740
)
 
$
3,338

 
$
748

$
(2,590
)
Loans
39



(39
)
 

 


Subtotal
3,972


1,193

(2,779
)
 
3,338

 
748

(2,590
)
All other performing loans







 
 
 
 
 
Loans reported as trading assets
36,505


34,992

(1,513
)
 
35,477

 
33,054

(2,423
)
Loans
1,995


1,978

(17
)
 
2,259

 
2,228

(31
)
Total loans
$
42,472


$
38,163

$
(4,309
)
 
$
41,074

 
$
36,030

$
(5,044
)
Long-term debt







 
 
 
 
 
Principal-protected debt
$
25,339

(c) 
$
22,502

$
(2,837
)
 
$
21,602

(c) 
$
19,195

$
(2,407
)
Nonprincipal-protected debt(b)
NA


20,982

NA

 
NA

 
18,491

NA

Total long-term debt
NA


$
43,484

NA

 
NA

 
$
37,686

NA

Long-term beneficial interests







 
 
 
 
 
Nonprincipal-protected debt
NA


$
72

NA

 
NA

 
$
120

NA

Total long-term beneficial interests
NA


$
72

NA

 
NA

 
$
120

NA

(a)
There were no performing loans that were ninety days or more past due as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively.
(b)
Remaining contractual principal is not applicable to nonprincipal-protected notes. Unlike principal-protected structured notes, for which the Firm is obligated to return a stated amount of principal at the maturity of the note, nonprincipal-protected structured notes do not obligate the Firm to return a stated amount of principal at maturity, but to return an amount based on the performance of an underlying variable or derivative feature embedded in the note. However, investors are exposed to the credit risk of the Firm as issuer for both nonprincipal-protected and principal protected notes.
(c)
Where the Firm issues principal-protected zero-coupon or discount notes, the balance reflects the contractual principal payment at maturity or, if applicable, the contractual principal payment at the Firm’s next call date.
At June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, the contractual amount of lending-related commitments for which the fair value option was elected was $4.5 billion and $4.6 billion, with a corresponding fair value of $(100) million and $(118) million, respectively. For further information regarding off-balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, see Note 29 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report, and Note 19 of this Form 10-Q.
Structured note products by balance sheet classification and risk component
The following table presents the fair value of the structured notes issued by the Firm, by balance sheet classification and the primary risk type.

June 30, 2017

December 31, 2016
(in millions)
Long-term debt
Other borrowed funds
Deposits
Total

Long-term debt
Other borrowed funds
Deposits
Total
Risk exposure

















Interest rate
$
20,170

$
107

$
5,875

$
26,152


$
16,296

$
184

$
4,296

$
20,776

Credit
3,546

80


3,626


3,267

225


3,492

Foreign exchange
2,491

172

6

2,669


2,365

135

6

2,506

Equity
16,351

7,488

5,995

29,834


14,831

8,234

5,481

28,546

Commodity
425

27

3,544

3,996


488

37

1,811

2,336

Total structured notes
$
42,983

$
7,874

$
15,420

$
66,277


$
37,247

$
8,815

$
11,594

$
57,656




103


Note 4 – Derivative instruments
JPMorgan Chase makes markets in derivatives for clients and also uses derivatives to hedge or manage its own risk exposures. For a further discussion of the Firm’s use of and accounting policies regarding derivative instruments, see Note 6 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
The Firm’s disclosures are based on the accounting treatment and purpose of these derivatives. A limited number of the Firm’s derivatives are designated in hedge
 
accounting relationships and are disclosed according to the type of hedge (fair value hedge, cash flow hedge, or net investment hedge). Derivatives not designated in hedge accounting relationships include certain derivatives that are used to manage certain risks associated with specified assets or liabilities (“specified risk management” positions) as well as derivatives used in the Firm’s market-making businesses or for other purposes.

The following table outlines the Firm’s primary uses of derivatives and the related hedge accounting designation or disclosure category.
Type of Derivative
Use of Derivative
Designation and disclosure
Affected
segment or unit
10-Q page reference
Manage specifically identified risk exposures in qualifying hedge accounting relationships:
 
 
 
◦ Interest rate
Hedge fixed rate assets and liabilities
Fair value hedge
Corporate
110
◦ Interest rate
Hedge floating-rate assets and liabilities
Cash flow hedge
Corporate
111
 Foreign exchange
Hedge foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities
Fair value hedge
Corporate
110
 Foreign exchange
Hedge forecasted revenue and expense
Cash flow hedge
Corporate
111
 Foreign exchange
Hedge the value of the Firm’s investments in non-U.S. dollar functional currency entities
Net investment hedge
Corporate
112
 Commodity
Hedge commodity inventory
Fair value hedge
CIB
110
Manage specifically identified risk exposures not designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships:
 
 
 
 Interest rate
Manage the risk of the mortgage pipeline, warehouse loans and MSRs
Specified risk management
CCB
112
 Credit
Manage the credit risk of wholesale lending exposures
Specified risk management
CIB
112
 Commodity
Manage the risk of certain commodities-related contracts and investments
Specified risk management
CIB
112
 Interest rate and foreign exchange
Manage the risk of certain other specified assets and liabilities
Specified risk management
Corporate
112
Market-making derivatives and other activities:
 
 
 
 Various
Market-making and related risk management
Market-making and other
CIB
112
 Various
Other derivatives
Market-making and other
CIB, Corporate
112

104


Notional amount of derivative contracts
The following table summarizes the notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016.
 
Notional amounts(b)
(in billions)
June 30,
2017

December 31, 2016

Interest rate contracts
 
 
Swaps
$
22,112

$
22,000

Futures and forwards
5,805

5,289

Written options
3,610

3,091

Purchased options
4,038

3,482

Total interest rate contracts
35,565

33,862

Credit derivatives(a)
1,819

2,032

Foreign exchange contracts
 
 
Cross-currency swaps
3,829

3,359

Spot, futures and forwards
6,374

5,341

Written options
824

734

Purchased options
820

721

Total foreign exchange contracts
11,847

10,155

Equity contracts
 
 
Swaps
301

258

Futures and forwards
89

59

Written options
543

417

Purchased options
468

345

Total equity contracts
1,401

1,079

Commodity contracts
 
 
Swaps
105

102

Spot, futures and forwards
145

130

Written options
82

83

Purchased options
87

94

Total commodity contracts
419

409

Total derivative notional amounts
$
51,051

$
47,537

(a)
For more information on volumes and types of credit derivative contracts, see the Credit derivatives discussion on page 113.
(b)
Represents the sum of gross long and gross short third-party notional derivative contracts.
While the notional amounts disclosed above give an indication of the volume of the Firm’s derivatives activity, the notional amounts significantly exceed, in the Firm’s view, the possible losses that could arise from such transactions. For most derivative transactions, the notional amount is not exchanged; it is used simply as a reference to calculate payments.

105


Impact of derivatives on the Consolidated balance sheets
The following table summarizes information on derivative receivables and payables (before and after netting adjustments) that are reflected on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, by accounting designation (e.g., whether the derivatives were designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships or not) and contract type.
Free-standing derivative receivables and payables(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross derivative receivables
 
 
 
Gross derivative payables
 
 
June 30, 2017
(in millions)
Not designated as hedges
 
Designated as hedges
Total derivative receivables
 
Net derivative receivables(b)
 
Not designated as hedges
 
Designated
as hedges
Total derivative payables
 
Net derivative payables(b)
Trading assets and liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
$
519,565

 
$
3,872

$
523,437

 
$
26,912

 
$
483,494

 
$
2,096

$
485,590

 
$
8,206

Credit
25,898

 

25,898

 
1,014

 
26,123

 

26,123

 
1,625

Foreign exchange
174,034

 
763

174,797

 
16,662

 
176,681

 
1,391

178,072

 
14,021

Equity
37,546

 

37,546

 
6,273

 
43,077

 

43,077

 
9,356

Commodity
14,114

 
20

14,134

 
5,645

 
17,208

 
114

17,322

 
8,587

Total fair value of trading assets and liabilities
$
771,157

 
$
4,655

$
775,812

 
$
56,506

 
$
746,583

 
$
3,601

$
750,184

 
$
41,795

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross derivative receivables
 
 
 
Gross derivative payables
 
 
December 31, 2016
(in millions)
Not designated as hedges
 
Designated as hedges
Total derivative receivables
 
Net derivative receivables(b)
 
Not designated as hedges
 
Designated
as hedges
Total derivative payables
 
Net derivative payables(b)
Trading assets and liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
$
601,557

 
$
4,406

$
605,963

 
$
28,302

 
$
567,894

 
$
2,884

$
570,778

 
$
10,815

Credit
29,645

 

29,645

 
1,294

 
28,666

 

28,666

 
1,411

Foreign exchange
232,137

 
1,289

233,426

 
23,271

 
233,823

 
1,148

234,971

 
20,508

Equity
34,940

 

34,940

 
4,939

 
38,362

 

38,362

 
8,140

Commodity
18,505

 
137

18,642

 
6,272

 
20,283

 
179

20,462

 
8,357

Total fair value of trading assets and liabilities
$
916,784

 
$
5,832

$
922,616

 
$
64,078

 
$
889,028

 
$
4,211

$
893,239

 
$
49,231

(a)
Balances exclude structured notes for which the fair value option has been elected. See Note 3 for further information.
(b)
As permitted under U.S. GAAP, the Firm has elected to net derivative receivables and derivative payables and the related cash collateral receivables and payables when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists.


106


Derivatives netting
The following tables present, as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, gross and net derivative receivables and payables by contract and settlement type. Derivative receivables and payables, as well as the related cash collateral from the same counterparty have been netted on the Consolidated balance sheets where the Firm has obtained an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the master netting agreement. Where such a legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained, amounts are not eligible for netting on the Consolidated balance sheets, and those derivative receivables and payables are shown separately in the tables below.
In addition to the cash collateral received and transferred that is presented on a net basis with derivative receivables and payables, the Firm receives and transfers additional collateral (financial instruments and cash). These amounts mitigate counterparty credit risk associated with the Firm’s derivative instruments, but are not eligible for net presentation:
collateral that consists of non-cash financial instruments (generally U.S. government and agency securities and other G7 government bonds) and cash collateral held at third party custodians, which are shown separately as “Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets” in the tables below, up to the fair value exposure amount.
the amount of collateral held or transferred that exceeds the fair value exposure at the individual counterparty level, as of the date presented, which is excluded from the tables below; and
collateral held or transferred that relates to derivative receivables or payables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained with respect to the master netting agreement, which is excluded from the tables below.
 
June 30, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
(in millions)
Gross derivative receivables
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets
Net derivative receivables
 
Gross derivative receivables
 
Amounts netted
on the Consolidated balance sheets
Net derivative receivables
U.S. GAAP nettable derivative receivables
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Over-the-counter (“OTC”)
$
320,828

$
(299,119
)
 
$
21,709

 
$
365,227

 
$
(342,173
)
 
$
23,054

OTC–cleared
197,359

(197,297
)
 
62

 
235,399

 
(235,261
)
 
138

Exchange-traded(a)
167

(108
)
 
59

 
241

 
(227
)
 
14

Total interest rate contracts
518,354

(496,524
)
 
21,830

 
600,867

 
(577,661
)
 
23,206

Credit contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC
18,169

(17,862
)
 
307

 
23,130

 
(22,612
)
 
518

OTC–cleared
7,088

(7,023
)
 
65

 
5,746

 
(5,739
)
 
7

Total credit contracts
25,257

(24,885
)
 
372

 
28,876

 
(28,351
)
 
525

Foreign exchange contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC
169,826

(156,701
)
 
13,125

 
226,271

 
(208,962
)
 
17,309

OTC–cleared
1,507

(1,424
)
 
83

 
1,238

 
(1,165
)
 
73

Exchange-traded(a)
95

(9
)
 
86

 
104

 
(27
)
 
77

Total foreign exchange contracts
171,428

(158,134
)
 
13,294

 
227,613

 
(210,154
)
 
17,459

Equity contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC
20,072

(19,794
)
 
278

 
20,868

 
(20,570
)
 
298

OTC–cleared


 

 

 

 

Exchange-traded(a)
14,462

(11,480
)
 
2,982

 
11,439

 
(9,431
)
 
2,008

Total equity contracts
34,534

(31,274
)
 
3,260

 
32,307

 
(30,001
)
 
2,306

Commodity contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC
8,095

(3,775
)
 
4,320

 
11,571

 
(5,605
)
 
5,966

OTC–cleared


 

 

 

 

Exchange-traded(a)
5,165

(4,714
)
 
451

 
6,794

 
(6,766
)
 
28

Total commodity contracts
13,260

(8,489
)
 
4,771

 
18,365

 
(12,371
)
 
5,994

Derivative receivables with appropriate legal opinion
762,833

(719,306
)
(b) 
43,527

 
908,028

 
(858,538
)
(b) 
49,490

Derivative receivables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained
12,979

 
 
12,979

 
14,588

 
 
 
14,588

Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets
$
775,812

 
 
$
56,506

 
$
922,616

 
 
 
$
64,078

Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(c)(d)
 
 
 
(15,383
)
 
 
 
 
 
(18,638
)
Net amounts
 
 
 
$
41,123

 
 
 
 
 
$
45,440


107


 
June 30, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
(in millions)
Gross derivative payables
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets
Net derivative payables
 
Gross derivative payables
 
Amounts netted
on the Consolidated balance sheets
Net derivative payables
U.S. GAAP nettable derivative payables
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC
$
290,398

$
(284,262
)
 
$
6,136

 
$
338,502

 
$
(329,325
)
 
$
9,177

OTC–cleared
193,154

(193,011
)
 
143

 
230,464

 
(230,463
)
 
1

Exchange-traded(a)
127

(111
)
 
16

 
196

 
(175
)
 
21

Total interest rate contracts
483,679

(477,384
)
 
6,295

 
569,162

 
(559,963
)
 
9,199

Credit contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC
18,293

(17,532
)
 
761

 
22,366

 
(21,614
)
 
752

OTC–cleared
6,966

(6,966
)
 

 
5,641

 
(5,641
)
 

Total credit contracts
25,259

(24,498
)
 
761

 
28,007

 
(27,255
)
 
752

Foreign exchange contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC
172,444

(162,674
)
 
9,770

 
228,300

 
(213,296
)
 
15,004

OTC–cleared
1,370

(1,369
)
 
1

 
1,158

 
(1,158
)
 

Exchange-traded(a)
87

(8
)
 
79

 
328

 
(9
)
 
319

Total foreign exchange contracts
173,901

(164,051
)
 
9,850

 
229,786

 
(214,463
)
 
15,323

Equity contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC
26,445

(22,241
)
 
4,204

 
24,688

 
(20,808
)
 
3,880

OTC–cleared


 

 

 

 

Exchange-traded(a)
12,279

(11,480
)
 
799

 
10,004

 
(9,414
)
 
590

Total equity contracts
38,724

(33,721
)
 
5,003

 
34,692

 
(30,222
)
 
4,470

Commodity contracts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
OTC
11,864

(4,023
)
 
7,841

 
12,885

 
(5,252
)
 
7,633

OTC–cleared


 

 

 

 

Exchange-traded(a)
4,801

(4,712
)
 
89

 
7,099

 
(6,853
)
 
246

Total commodity contracts
16,665

(8,735
)
 
7,930

 
19,984

 
(12,105
)
 
7,879

Derivative payables with appropriate legal opinions
738,228

(708,389
)
(b) 
29,839

 
881,631

 
(844,008
)
(b) 
37,623

Derivative payables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained
11,956

 
 
11,956

 
11,608

 
 
 
11,608

Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets
$
750,184

 
 
$
41,795

 
$
893,239

 
 
 
$
49,231

Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(c)(d)(e)
 
 
 
(5,701
)
 
 
 
 
 
(8,925
)
Net amounts
 
 
 
$
36,094

 
 
 
 
 
$
40,306

(a)
Exchange-traded derivative balances that relate to futures contracts are settled daily.
(b)
Net derivatives receivable included cash collateral netted of $59.7 billion and $71.9 billion at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively. Net derivatives payable included cash collateral netted of $48.8 billion and $57.3 billion related to OTC and OTC-cleared derivatives at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively.
(c)
Excludes all collateral related to derivative instruments where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained.
(d)
Represents liquid security collateral as well as cash collateral held at third party custodians related to derivative instruments where an appropriate legal opinion has been obtained. For some counterparties, the collateral amounts of financial instruments may exceed the derivative receivables and derivative payables balances. Where this is the case, the total amount reported is limited to the net derivative receivables and net derivative payables balances with that counterparty.
(e)
Derivative payables collateral relates only to OTC and OTC-cleared derivative instruments. Amounts exclude collateral transferred related to exchange-traded derivative instruments.


108


Liquidity risk and credit-related contingent features
For a more detailed discussion of liquidity risk and credit-related contingent features related to the Firm’s derivative contracts, see Note 6 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
The following table shows the aggregate fair value of net derivative payables related to OTC and OTC-cleared derivatives that contain contingent collateral or termination features that may be triggered upon a ratings downgrade, and the associated collateral the Firm has posted in the normal course of business, at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016.
 
OTC and OTC-cleared derivative payables containing downgrade triggers
(in millions)
June 30,
2017

December 31, 2016

Aggregate fair value of net derivative payables
$
13,737

$
21,550

Collateral posted
11,219

19,383





The following table shows the impact of a single-notch and two-notch downgrade of the long-term issuer ratings of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its subsidiaries, predominantly JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association (“JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.”),
at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, related to OTC and OTC-cleared derivative contracts with contingent collateral or termination features that may be triggered upon a ratings downgrade. Derivatives contracts generally require additional collateral to be posted or terminations to be triggered when the predefined threshold rating is breached. A downgrade by a single rating agency that does not result in a rating lower than a preexisting corresponding rating provided by another major rating agency will generally not result in additional collateral, (except in certain instances in which additional initial margin may be required upon a ratings downgrade), nor in termination payments requirements. The liquidity impact in the table is calculated based upon a downgrade below the lowest current rating of the rating agencies referred to in the derivative contract.
Liquidity impact of downgrade triggers on OTC and OTC-cleared derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
June 30, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
(in millions)
Single-notch downgrade
Two-notch downgrade
 
Single-notch downgrade
Two-notch downgrade
Amount of additional collateral to be posted upon downgrade(a)
$
104

$
1,996

 
$
560

$
2,497

Amount required to settle contracts with termination triggers upon downgrade(b)
247

752

 
606

1,049

(a)
Includes the additional collateral to be posted for initial margin.
(b)
Amounts represent fair values of derivative payables, and do not reflect collateral posted.
Derivatives executed in contemplation of a sale of the underlying financial asset
In certain instances the Firm enters into transactions in which it transfers financial assets but maintains the economic exposure to the transferred assets by entering into a derivative with the same counterparty in contemplation of the initial transfer. The Firm generally accounts for such transfers as collateralized financing transactions as described in Note 10, but in limited circumstances they may qualify to be accounted for as a sale and a derivative under U.S. GAAP. There were no such transfers accounted for as a sale where the associated derivative was outstanding at June 30, 2017, and such transfers at December 31, 2016 were not material.


109


Impact of derivatives on the Consolidated statements of income
The following tables provide information related to gains and losses recorded on derivatives based on their hedge accounting designation or purpose.
Fair value hedge gains and losses
The following tables present derivative instruments, by contract type, used in fair value hedge accounting relationships, as well as pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on such derivatives and the related hedged items for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Firm includes gains/(losses) on the hedging derivative and the related hedged item in the same line item in the Consolidated statements of income.
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
 
Income statement impact due to:
Three months ended June 30, 2017
(in millions)
Derivatives
Hedged items
Total income statement impact
 
Hedge ineffectiveness(e)
Excluded components(f)
Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)(b)
$
128

$
46

$
174

 
$
(13
)
$
187

Foreign exchange(c)
(1,497
)
1,493

(4
)
 

(4
)
Commodity(d)
97

(64
)
33

 
3

30

Total
$
(1,272
)
$
1,475

$
203

 
$
(10
)
$
213

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
 
Income statement impact due to:
Three months ended June 30, 2016
(in millions)
Derivatives
Hedged items
Total income statement impact
 
Hedge ineffectiveness(e)
Excluded components(f)
Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)(b)
$
903

$
(709
)
$
194

 
$
1

$
193

Foreign exchange(c)
1,487

(1,472
)
15

 

15

Commodity(d)
(215
)
216

1

 
(10
)
11

Total
$
2,175

$
(1,965
)
$
210

 
$
(9
)
$
219

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
 
Income statement impact due to:
Six months ended June 30, 2017
(in millions)
Derivatives
Hedged items
Total income statement impact
 
Hedge ineffectiveness(e)
Excluded components(f)
Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)(b)
$
(153
)
$
577

$
424

 
$
(14
)
$
438

Foreign exchange(c)
(2,272
)
2,233

(39
)
 

(39
)
Commodity(d)
(366
)
400

34

 
19

15

Total
$
(2,791
)
$
3,210

$
419

 
$
5

$
414

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
 
Income statement impact due to:
Six months ended June 30, 2016
(in millions)
Derivatives
Hedged items
Total income statement impact
 
Hedge ineffectiveness(e)
Excluded components(f)
Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)(b)
$
2,281

$
(1,908
)
$
373

 
$
29

$
344

Foreign exchange(c)
189

(90
)
99

 

99

Commodity(d)
(73
)
78

5

 
(12
)
17

Total
$
2,397

$
(1,920
)
$
477

 
$
17

$
460

(a)
Primarily consists of hedges of the benchmark (e.g., London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”)) interest rate risk of fixed-rate long-term debt and AFS securities. Gains and losses were recorded in net interest income.
(b)
Excludes the amortization expense associated with the inception hedge accounting adjustment applied to the hedged item. This expense is recorded in net interest income and substantially offsets the income statement impact of the excluded components.
(c)
Primarily consists of hedges of the foreign currency risk of long-term debt and AFS securities for changes in spot foreign currency rates. Gains and losses related to the derivatives and the hedged items, due to changes in foreign currency rates, were recorded primarily in principal transactions revenue and net interest income.
(d)
Consists of overall fair value hedges of physical commodities inventories that are generally carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value (net realizable value approximates fair value). Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.
(e)
Hedge ineffectiveness is the amount by which the gain or loss on the designated derivative instrument does not exactly offset the gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk.
(f)
The assessment of hedge effectiveness excludes certain components of the changes in fair values of the derivatives and hedged items such as forward points on foreign exchange forward contracts and time values.

110


Cash flow hedge gains and losses
The following tables present derivative instruments, by contract type, used in cash flow hedge accounting relationships, and the pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on such derivatives, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Firm includes the gain/(loss) on the hedging derivative and the change in cash flows on the hedged item in the same line item in the Consolidated statements of income.
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Three months ended June 30, 2017
(in millions)
Derivatives – effective portion reclassified from AOCI to income
Hedge ineffectiveness recorded directly in income(c)
Total income statement impact
 
Derivatives – effective portion recorded in OCI
Total change
in OCI
for period
Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)
$
(6
)
$

$
(6
)
 
$
1

$
7

Foreign exchange(b)
(59
)

(59
)
 
22

81

Total
$
(65
)
$

$
(65
)
 
$
23

$
88

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Three months ended June 30, 2016
(in millions)
Derivatives – effective portion reclassified from AOCI to income
Hedge ineffectiveness recorded directly in income(c)
Total income statement impact
 
Derivatives – effective portion recorded in OCI
Total change
in OCI
for period
Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)
$
(20
)
$

$
(20
)
 
$
(26
)
$
(6
)
Foreign exchange(b)
(28
)

(28
)
 
(161
)
(133
)
Total
$
(48
)
$

$
(48
)
 
$
(187
)
$
(139
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Six months ended June 30, 2017
(in millions)
Derivatives – effective portion reclassified from AOCI to income
Hedge ineffectiveness recorded directly in income(c)
Total income statement impact
 
Derivatives – effective portion recorded in OCI
Total change
in OCI
for period
Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)
$
(17
)
$

$
(17
)
 
$
12

$
29

Foreign exchange(b)
(133
)

(133
)
 
70

203

Total
$
(150
)
$

$
(150
)
 
$
82

$
232

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Six months ended June 30, 2016
(in millions)
Derivatives – effective portion reclassified from AOCI to income
Hedge ineffectiveness recorded directly in income(c)
Total income statement impact
 
Derivatives – effective portion recorded in OCI
Total change
in OCI
for period
Contract type
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)
$
(40
)
$

$
(40
)
 
$
(100
)
$
(60
)
Foreign exchange(b)
(63
)

(63
)
 
(254
)
(191
)
Total
$
(103
)
$

$
(103
)
 
$
(354
)
$
(251
)
(a)
Primarily consists of benchmark interest rate hedges of LIBOR-indexed floating-rate assets and floating-rate liabilities. Gains and losses were recorded in net interest income.
(b)
Primarily consists of hedges of the foreign currency risk of non-U.S. dollar-denominated revenue and expense. The income statement classification of gains and losses follows the hedged item – primarily noninterest revenue and compensation expense.
(c)
Hedge ineffectiveness is the amount by which the cumulative gain or loss on the designated derivative instrument exceeds the present value of the cumulative expected change in cash flows on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk.
The Firm did not experience any forecasted transactions that failed to occur for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.
Over the next 12 months, the Firm expects that approximately $22 million (after-tax) of net gains recorded in AOCI at June 30, 2017, related to cash flow hedges will be recognized in income. For terminated cash flow hedges, the maximum length of time over which forecasted transactions are remaining is approximately 6 years.
 
For open cash flow hedges, the maximum length of time over which forecasted transactions are hedged is approximately 1 year. The Firm’s longer-dated forecasted transactions relate to core lending and borrowing activities.

111


Net investment hedge gains and losses
The following table presents hedging instruments, by contract type, that were used in net investment hedge accounting relationships, and the pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on such instruments for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
 
2017
 
2016
Three months ended June 30, (in millions)
Excluded components recorded directly
in income(a)
Effective portion recorded in OCI
 
Excluded components
recorded directly
in income(a)
Effective portion recorded in OCI
Foreign exchange derivatives
 
$
(50
)
 
$
(319
)
 
 
$
(65
)
 
$
17

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
 
2017
 
2016
Six months ended June 30, (in millions)
Excluded components recorded directly
in income
(a)
Effective portion recorded in OCI
 
Excluded components
recorded directly
in income
(a)
Effective portion recorded in OCI
Foreign exchange derivatives
 
$
(112
)
 
$
(875
)
 
 
$
(150
)
 
$
(573
)
(a)
Certain components of hedging derivatives are permitted to be excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness, such as forward points on foreign exchange forward contracts. Amounts related to excluded components are recorded in other income. The Firm measures the ineffectiveness of net investment hedge accounting relationships based on changes in spot foreign currency rates, and, therefore, there was no significant ineffectiveness for net investment hedge accounting relationships during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.
Gains and losses on derivatives used for specified risk management purposes
The following table presents pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on a limited number of derivatives, not designated in hedge accounting relationships, that are used to manage risks associated with certain specified assets and liabilities, including certain risks arising from the mortgage pipeline, warehouse loans, MSRs, wholesale lending exposures, foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities, and commodities-related contracts and investments.
 
Derivatives gains/(losses)
recorded in income
 
Three months ended June 30,
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2017
2016
2017
2016
Contract type
 
 
 
 
Interest rate(a)
$
238

$
661

$
221

$
1,644

Credit(b)
(7
)
(99
)
(52
)
(160
)
Foreign exchange(c)
(14
)
10

(34
)

Total
$
217

$
572

$
135

$
1,484

(a)
Primarily represents interest rate derivatives used to hedge the interest rate risk inherent in the mortgage pipeline, warehouse loans and MSRs, as well as written commitments to originate warehouse loans. Gains and losses were recorded predominantly in mortgage fees and related income.
(b)
Relates to credit derivatives used to mitigate credit risk associated with lending exposures in the Firm’s wholesale businesses. These derivatives do not include credit derivatives used to mitigate counterparty credit risk arising from derivative receivables, which is included in gains and losses on derivatives related to market-making activities and other derivatives. Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.
(c)
Primarily relates to derivatives used to mitigate foreign exchange risk of specified foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities. Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.
 
Gains and losses on derivatives related to market-making activities and other derivatives
The Firm makes markets in derivatives in order to meet the needs of customers and uses derivatives to manage certain risks associated with net open risk positions from its market-making activities, including the counterparty credit risk arising from derivative receivables. All derivatives not included in the hedge accounting or specified risk management categories above are included in this category. Gains and losses on these derivatives are primarily recorded in principal transactions revenue. See Note 5 for information on principal transactions revenue.

112


Credit derivatives
For a more detailed discussion of credit derivatives, see Note 6 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report. The Firm does not use notional amounts of credit derivatives as the primary measure of risk management for such derivatives, because the notional amount does not take into account the probability of the occurrence of a credit event, the recovery value of the reference obligation, or related cash instruments and economic hedges, each of which reduces, in the Firm’s view, the risks associated with such derivatives.
Total credit derivatives and credit-related notes
 
Maximum payout/Notional amount
June 30, 2017 (in millions)
Protection sold
Protection
purchased with
identical underlyings(b)
Net protection (sold)/purchased(c)
 
Other protection purchased(d)
Credit derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit default swaps
$
(844,731
)
 
$
863,398

$
18,667

 
$
9,650

Other credit derivatives(a)
(44,420
)
 
37,644

(6,776
)
 
18,846

Total credit derivatives
(889,151
)
 
901,042

11,891

 
28,496

Credit-related notes
(37
)
 

(37
)
 
5,486

Total
$
(889,188
)
 
$
901,042

$
11,854

 
$
33,982

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Maximum payout/Notional amount
December 31, 2016 (in millions)
Protection sold
Protection
purchased with
identical underlyings(b)
Net protection (sold)/purchased(c)
 
Other protection purchased(d)
Credit derivatives
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit default swaps
$
(961,003
)
 
$
974,252

$
13,249

 
$
7,935

Other credit derivatives(a)
(36,829
)
 
31,859

(4,970
)
 
19,991

Total credit derivatives
(997,832
)
 
1,006,111

8,279

 
27,926

Credit-related notes
(41
)
 

(41
)
 
4,505

Total
$
(997,873
)
 
$
1,006,111

$
8,238

 
$
32,431

(a)
Other credit derivatives largely consists of credit swap options.
(b)
Represents the total notional amount of protection purchased where the underlying reference instrument is identical to the reference instrument on protection sold; the notional amount of protection purchased for each individual identical underlying reference instrument may be greater or lower than the notional amount of protection sold.
(c)
Does not take into account the fair value of the reference obligation at the time of settlement, which would generally reduce the amount the seller of protection pays to the buyer of protection in determining settlement value.
(d)
Represents protection purchased by the Firm on referenced instruments (single-name, portfolio or index) where the Firm has not sold any protection on the identical reference instrument.
The following tables summarize the notional amounts by the ratings, maturity profile, and total fair value, of credit derivatives and credit-related notes as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, where JPMorgan Chase is the seller of protection. The maturity profile is based on the remaining contractual maturity of the credit derivative contracts. The ratings profile is based on the rating of the reference entity on which the credit derivative contract is based. The ratings and maturity profile of credit derivatives and credit-related notes where JPMorgan Chase is the purchaser of protection are comparable to the profile reflected below.
Protection sold — credit derivatives and credit-related notes ratings(a)/maturity profile
 
 
 
June 30, 2017
(in millions)
<1 year
 
1–5 years
 
>5 years
 
Total
notional amount
 
Fair value of receivables(b)
 
Fair value of payables(b)
 
Net fair value
Risk rating of reference entity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment-grade
$
(232,819
)
 
$
(316,114
)
 
$
(38,734
)
 
$
(587,667
)
 
$
8,789

 
$
(1,272
)
 
$
7,517

Noninvestment-grade
(104,209
)
 
(174,787
)
 
(22,525
)
 
(301,521
)
 
8,750

 
(6,334
)
 
2,416

Total
$
(337,028
)
 
$
(490,901
)
 
$
(61,259
)
 
$
(889,188
)
 
$
17,539

 
$
(7,606
)
 
$
9,933

December 31, 2016
(in millions)
<1 year
 
1–5 years
 
>5 years
 
Total
notional amount
 
Fair value of receivables(b)
 
Fair value of payables(b)
 
Net fair value
Risk rating of reference entity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment-grade
$
(273,688
)
 
$
(383,586
)
 
$
(39,281
)
 
$
(696,555
)
 
$
7,841

 
$
(3,055
)
 
$
4,786

Noninvestment-grade
(107,955
)
 
(170,046
)
 
(23,317
)
 
(301,318
)
 
8,184

 
(8,570
)
 
(386
)
Total
$
(381,643
)
 
$
(553,632
)
 
$
(62,598
)
 
$
(997,873
)
 
$
16,025

 
$
(11,625
)
 
$
4,400

(a)
The ratings scale is primarily based on external credit ratings defined by S&P and Moody’s.
(b)
Amounts are shown on a gross basis, before the benefit of legally enforceable master netting agreements and cash collateral received by the Firm.

113


Note 5 – Noninterest revenue and noninterest expense
Noninterest revenue
For a discussion of the components of and accounting policies for the Firm’s noninterest revenue, see Note 7 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
Investment banking fees
The following table presents the components of investment banking fees.

Three months
ended June 30,

Six months
ended June 30,
(in millions)
2017

 
2016


2017

2016
Underwriting







Equity
$
364


$
283


$
757


$
485

Debt
947


896


1,875


1,446

Total underwriting
1,311


1,179


2,632


1,931

Advisory
499


465


995


1,046

Total investment banking fees
$
1,810


$
1,644


$
3,627


$
2,977

Principal transactions
The following table presents all realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded in principal transactions revenue. This table excludes interest income and interest expense on trading assets and liabilities, which are an integral part of the overall performance of the Firm’s client-driven market-making activities. See Note 6 for further information on interest income and interest expense. Trading revenue is presented primarily by instrument type. The Firm’s client-driven market-making businesses generally utilize a variety of instrument types in connection with their market-making and related risk-management activities; accordingly, the trading revenue presented in the table below is not representative of the total revenue of any individual line of business.
 
Three months
ended June 30,
 
Six months
ended June 30,
(in millions)
2017

 
2016

 
2017
 
2016
Trading revenue by instrument type
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate
$
588

 
$
635

 
$
1,383

 
$
1,018

Credit
278

 
728

 
958

 
1,103

Foreign exchange
901

 
576

 
1,682

 
1,283

Equity
1,118

 
861

 
2,238

 
1,691

Commodity
120

 
224

 
305

 
450

Total trading revenue
3,005

 
3,024

 
6,566

 
5,545

Private equity gains
132

 
(48
)
 
153

 
110

Principal transactions
$
3,137

 
$
2,976

 
$
6,719

 
$
5,655


Lending- and deposit-related fees
The following table presents the components of lending- and deposit-related fees.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2017

 
2016

 
2017
 
2016
Lending-related fees
$
269

 
$
275

 
$
544

 
$
547

Deposit-related fees
1,213

 
1,128

 
2,386

 
2,259

Total lending- and deposit-related fees
$
1,482

 
$
1,403

 
$
2,930

 
$
2,806

 
Asset management, administration and commissions
The following table presents the components of Firmwide asset management, administration and commissions.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months
ended June 30,
(in millions)
2017

 
2016

 
2017
 
2016
Asset management fees
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment management
fees(a)
$
2,329

 
$
2,210

 
$
4,545

 
$
4,338

All other asset management fees(b)
83

 
97

 
162

 
187

Total asset management fees
2,412

 
2,307

 
4,707

 
4,525

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total administration fees(c)
504

 
488

 
986

 
966

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commission and other fees
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Brokerage commissions
567

 
535

 
1,145

 
1,123

All other commissions and fees
341

 
351

 
663

 
691

Total commissions and fees
908

 
886

 
1,808

 
1,814

Total asset management, administration and commissions
$
3,824

 
$
3,681

 
$
7,501

 
$
7,305

(a)
Represents fees earned from managing assets on behalf of the Firm’s clients, including investors in Firm-sponsored funds and owners of separately managed investment accounts.
(b)
Represents fees for services that are ancillary to investment management services, such as commissions earned on the sales or distribution of mutual funds to clients.
(c)
Predominantly includes fees for custody, securities lending, funds services and securities clearance.
Other income
Other income on the Firm’s Consolidated statements of income included the following:
 
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended
June 30,
(in millions)
2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Operating lease income
$
873

 
$
651

 
$
1,697

 
$
1,266

Other income also included a legal benefit of $645 million recorded in Corporate related to a settlement with the FDIC receivership for Washington Mutual and with Deutsche Bank as trustee to certain Washington Mutual trusts.
Noninterest expense
Other expense
Other expense on the Firm’s Consolidated statements of income included the following:
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Legal expense/(benefit)
$
61

 
$
(430
)
 
$
279

 
$
(476
)
FDIC-related expense
376

 
283

 
757

 
552



114


Note 6 – Interest income and Interest expense
For a description of JPMorgan Chase’s accounting policies regarding interest income and interest expense, see Note 8 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
The following table presents the components of interest income and interest expense.

Three months ended
June 30,

Six months ended
June 30,
(in millions)
2017


2016


2017


2016

Interest income











Loans(a)
$
9,996


$
8,974


$
19,746


$
17,828

Taxable securities
1,410


1,380


2,840


2,822

Nontaxable securities(b)
479


442


937


885

Total securities
1,889


1,822


3,777


3,707

Trading assets
1,806


1,860


3,664


3,558

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
528


576


1,054


1,130

Securities borrowed(c) 
(21
)

(96
)

(65
)

(188
)
Deposits with banks
1,008


466


1,730


926

Other assets(d)
444


211


786


404

Total interest income
15,650


13,813


30,692


27,365

Interest expense











Interest-bearing deposits
629


321


1,112


641

Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
387


282


680


542

Commercial paper
63


38


103


71

Trading liabilities – debt, short-term and other liabilities(e)
548


314


986


541

Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
128

 
118

 
263

 
231

Long-term debt
1,687


1,393


3,276


2,612

Total interest expense
3,442


2,466


6,420


4,638

Net interest income
12,208


11,347


24,272


22,727

Provision for credit losses
1,215


1,402


2,530


3,226

Net interest income after provision for credit losses
$
10,993


$
9,945


$
21,742


$
19,501

(a)
Includes the amortization of purchase price discounts or premiums, as well as net deferred loan fees or costs.
(b)
Represents securities which are tax-exempt for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
(c)
Negative interest income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, is related to client-driven demand for certain securities combined with the impact of low interest rates. This is matched book activity and the negative interest expense on the corresponding securities loaned is recognized in interest expense.
(d)
Largely margin loans.
(e)
Includes brokerage customer payables.


115


Note 7 – Pension and other postretirement employee benefit plans
For a discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s pension and OPEB plans, see Note 9 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
The following table presents the components of net periodic benefit costs reported in the Consolidated statements of income for the Firm’s U.S. and non-U.S. defined benefit pension, defined contribution and OPEB plans.
 
Pension plans
 
 
 
 
U.S.
 
Non-U.S.
 
OPEB plans
Three months ended June 30, (in millions)
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

Components of net periodic benefit cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benefits earned during the period
$
74

$
74

 
$
8

$
9

 
$

$

Interest cost on benefit obligations
130

133

 
20

24

 
7

7

Expected return on plan assets
(208
)
(223
)
 
(34
)
(34
)
 
(24
)
(26
)
Amortization:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net (gain)/loss
55

58

 
7

6

 


Prior service cost/(credit)
(8
)
(8
)
 
(1
)
(1
)
 


Net periodic defined benefit cost
43

34

 

4

 
(17
)
(19
)
Other defined benefit pension plans(a)
3

4

 
3

3

 
NA

NA

Total defined benefit plans
46

38

 
3

7

 
(17
)
(19
)
Total defined contribution plans
125

123

 
85

83

 
NA

NA

Total pension and OPEB cost included in compensation expense
$
171

$
161

 
$
88

$
90

 
$
(17
)
$
(19
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pension plans
 
 
 
 
U.S.
 
Non-U.S.
 
OPEB plans
Six months ended June 30, (in millions)
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

Components of net periodic benefit cost
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benefits earned during the period
$
149

$
147

 
$
15

$
18

 
$

$

Interest cost on benefit obligations
260

266

 
39

50

 
14

15

Expected return on plan assets
(416
)
(445
)
 
(67
)
(70
)
 
(48
)
(52
)
Amortization:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Net (gain)/loss
110

117

 
14

11

 


Prior service cost/(credit)
(17
)
(17
)
 
(1
)
(1
)
 


Settlement (gain)/loss


 
(3
)

 


Net periodic defined benefit cost
86

68

 
(3
)
8

 
(34
)
(37
)
Other defined benefit pension plans(a)
6

7

 
4

5

 
NA

NA

Total defined benefit plans
92

75

 
1

13

 
(34
)
(37
)
Total defined contribution plans
227

222

 
169

169

 
NA

NA

Total pension and OPEB cost included in compensation expense
$
319

$
297

 
$
170

$
182

 
$
(34
)
$
(37
)
(a)
Includes various defined benefit pension plans which are individually immaterial.
The following table presents the fair values of plan assets for the U.S. defined benefit pension and OPEB plans and for the material non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans:
(in billions)
June 30,
2017

 
December 31,
2016

Fair value of plan assets
 
 
 
U.S. defined benefit pension and OPEB plans
$
17.2

 
$
16.2

Material non-U.S. defined benefit pension plans
3.7

 
3.4

There are no expected contributions to the U.S. defined benefit pension plan for 2017.

116


Note 8 – Employee stock-based incentives
For a discussion of the accounting policies and other information relating to employee stock-based incentives, see Note 10 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
The Firm recognized the following noncash compensation expense related to its various employee stock-based incentive plans in its Consolidated statements of income.
 
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended
June 30,
(in millions)
2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Cost of prior grants of RSUs, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) and performance share units (“PSUs”) that are amortized over their applicable vesting periods
$
290

 
$
267

 
$
600

 
$
551

Accrual of estimated costs of stock-based awards to be granted in future periods including those to full-career eligible employees
235

 
287

 
526

 
522

Total noncash compensation expense related to employee stock-based incentive plans
$
525

 
$
554

 
$
1,126

 
$
1,073

In the first quarter of 2017, in connection with its annual incentive grant for the 2016 performance year, the Firm granted 23 million RSUs and 675 thousand PSUs, all with a weighted-average grant date fair value of $84.25.

117


Note 9 – Securities
Securities are classified as trading, AFS or HTM. Securities classified as trading assets are discussed in Note 2. Predominantly all of the Firm’s AFS and HTM securities are held by Treasury and CIO within the investment securities portfolio in connection with the Firm’s asset-liability management objectives. At June 30, 2017, the investment securities portfolio consisted of debt securities with an average credit rating of AA+ (based upon external ratings
 
where available, and where not available, based primarily upon internal ratings which correspond to ratings as defined by S&P and Moody’s). For additional information regarding the investment securities portfolio, see Note 12 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.

The amortized costs and estimated fair values of the investment securities portfolio were as follows for the dates indicated.
 
June 30, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
(in millions)
Amortized cost
Gross unrealized gains
Gross unrealized losses
Fair value
 
Amortized cost
Gross unrealized gains
Gross unrealized losses
Fair value
Available-for-sale debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies(a) 
$
67,253

$
1,053

$
389

 
$
67,917

 
$
63,367

$
1,112

$
474

 
$
64,005

Residential:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S.(b) 
9,418

193

15

 
9,596

 
8,171

100

28

 
8,243

Non-U.S.
4,134

149

1

 
4,282

 
6,049

158

7

 
6,200

Commercial
6,562

111

6

 
6,667

 
9,002

122

20

 
9,104

Total mortgage-backed securities
87,367

1,506

411

 
88,462

 
86,589

1,492

529

 
87,552

U.S. Treasury and government agencies(a)
28,247

192

281

 
28,158

 
44,822

75

796

 
44,101

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
30,735

1,870

66

 
32,539

 
30,284

1,492

184

 
31,592

Certificates of deposit
57



 
57

 
106



 
106

Non-U.S. government debt securities
30,007

591

27

 
30,571

 
34,497

836

45

 
35,288

Corporate debt securities
4,047

91

6

 
4,132

 
4,916

64

22

 
4,958

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateralized loan obligations
24,285

47

5

 
24,327

 
27,352

75

26

 
27,401

Other
6,460

79

13

 
6,526

 
6,950

62

45

 
6,967

Total available-for-sale debt securities
211,205

4,376

809

 
214,772

 
235,516

4,096

1,647

 
237,965

Available-for-sale equity securities
925



 
925

 
914

12


 
926

Total available-for-sale securities
212,130

4,376

809

 
215,697

 
236,430

4,108

1,647

 
238,891

Held-to-maturity debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies(c)
27,558

655

35

 
28,178

 
29,910

638

37

 
30,511

Commercial
5,766

2

70

 
5,698

 
5,783


129

 
5,654

Total mortgage-backed securities
33,324

657

105

 
33,876

 
35,693

638

166

 
36,165

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
14,437

556

73

 
14,920

 
14,475

374

125

 
14,724

Total held-to-maturity debt securities
47,761

1,213

178

 
48,796

 
50,168

1,012

291

 
50,889

Total securities
$
259,891

$
5,589

$
987

 
$
264,493

 
$
286,598

$
5,120

$
1,938

 
$
289,780

(a)
Included total U.S. government-sponsored enterprise obligations with fair values of $51.3 billion and $45.8 billion at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively, which were predominantly mortgage-related.
(b)
Prior period amounts have been revised to conform with current period presentation.
(c)
Included total U.S. government-sponsored enterprise obligations with amortized cost of $23.7 billion and $25.6 billion at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively, which were mortgage-related.


118


Securities impairment
The following tables present the fair value and gross unrealized losses for investment securities by aging category at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016.
 
Securities with gross unrealized losses
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or more
 
 
June 30, 2017 (in millions)
Fair value
Gross
unrealized losses
 
Fair value
Gross
unrealized losses
Total fair value
Total gross unrealized losses
Available-for-sale debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies
$
27,165

$
378

 
$
609

$
11

$
27,774

$
389

Residential:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. (a)
620

3

 
944

12

1,564

15

Non-U.S.


 
505

1

505

1

Commercial
1,009

2

 
848

4

1,857

6

Total mortgage-backed securities
28,794

383

 
2,906

28

31,700

411

U.S. Treasury and government agencies
5,464

260

 
2,485

21

7,949

281

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
3,528

64

 
38

2

3,566

66

Certificates of deposit


 




Non-U.S. government debt securities
3,317

25

 
198

2

3,515

27

Corporate debt securities
640

2

 
165

4

805

6

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateralized loan obligations


 
801

5

801

5

Other


 
1,614

13

1,614

13

Total available-for-sale debt securities
41,743

734

 
8,207

75

49,950

809

Available-for-sale equity securities


 




Held-to-maturity securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies
2,477

35

 


2,477

35

Commercial
5,274

70

 


5,274

70

Total mortgage-backed securities
7,751

105

 


7,751

105

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
2,758

65

 
199

8

2,957

73

Total held-to-maturity securities
10,509

170

 
199

8

10,708

178

Total securities with gross unrealized losses
$
52,252

$
904

 
$
8,406

$
83

$
60,658

$
987

(a)
Prior period amounts have been revised to conform with current period presentation.


119


 
Securities with gross unrealized losses
 
Less than 12 months
 
12 months or more
 
 
December 31, 2016 (in millions)
Fair value
Gross
unrealized losses
 
Fair value
Gross
unrealized losses
Total fair value
Total gross unrealized losses
Available-for-sale debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies
$
29,856

$
463

 
$
506

$
11

$
30,362

$
474

Residential:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. (a)
1,373

6

 
1,073

22

$
2,446

28

Non-U.S.


 
886

7

886

7

Commercial
2,328

17

 
1,078

3

3,406

20

Total mortgage-backed securities
33,557

486

 
3,543

43

37,100

529

U.S. Treasury and government agencies
23,543

796

 


23,543

796

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
7,215

181

 
55

3

7,270

184

Certificates of deposit


 




Non-U.S. government debt securities
4,436

36

 
421

9

4,857

45

Corporate debt securities
797

2

 
829

20

1,626

22

Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Collateralized loan obligations
766

2

 
5,263

24

6,029

26

Other
739

6

 
1,992

39

2,731

45

Total available-for-sale debt securities
71,053

1,509

 
12,103

138

83,156

1,647

Available-for-sale equity securities


 




Held-to-maturity debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. government agencies
3,129

37

 


3,129

37

Commercial
5,163

114

 
441

15

5,604

129

Total mortgage-backed securities
8,292

151

 
441

15

8,733

166

Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
4,702

125

 


4,702

125

Total Held-to-maturity securities
12,994

276

 
441

15

13,435

291

Total securities with gross unrealized losses
$
84,047

$
1,785

 
$
12,544

$
153

$
96,591

$
1,938

(a)
Prior period amounts have been revised to conform with current period presentation.

Gross unrealized losses
The Firm has recognized unrealized losses on securities it intends to sell as OTTI. The Firm does not intend to sell any of the remaining securities with an unrealized loss in AOCI as of June 30, 2017, and it is not likely that the Firm will be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis. Except for the securities for which credit losses have been recognized in income, the Firm believes that the securities with an unrealized loss in AOCI as of June 30, 2017, are not other-than-temporarily impaired. For additional information on other-than-temporary impairment, see Note 12 of the JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
Securities gains and losses
The following table presents realized gains and losses and OTTI losses from AFS securities that were recognized in income.
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

Realized gains
$
393

$
80

 
$
542

$
189

Realized losses
(427
)
(27
)
 
(572
)
(79
)
OTTI losses(a)

(32
)
 
(7
)
(38
)
Net securities gains/(losses)
$
(34
)
$
21

 
$
(37
)
$
72

 
 
 
 
 
 
OTTI losses
 
 
 
 
 
Credit-related losses recognized in income
$

$

 
$

$
(1
)
Securities the Firm intends to sell(a)

(32
)
 
(7
)
(37
)
Total OTTI losses recognized in income
$

$
(32
)
 
$
(7
)
$
(38
)
(a)
Excludes realized losses on securities sold of $5 million for both the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 that had been previously reported as an OTTI loss due to the intention to sell the securities.
Changes in the credit loss component of credit-impaired debt securities
The cumulative credit loss component, including any changes therein, of OTTI losses that have been recognized in income related to AFS debt securities that the Firm does not intend to sell was not material as of and during the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.

120


Contractual maturities and yields
The following table presents the amortized cost and estimated fair value at June 30, 2017, of JPMorgan Chase’s investment securities portfolio by contractual maturity.
By remaining maturity
June 30, 2017 (in millions)
Due in one
year or less
Due after one year through five years
Due after five years through 10 years
Due after
10 years(c)
 
Total
Available-for-sale debt securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mortgage-backed securities(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortized cost
961

1,681

6,427

78,298

 
$
87,367

Fair value
966

1,714

6,617

79,165

 
$
88,462

Average yield(b)
1.40
%
2.33
%
3.14
%
3.30
%
 
3.24
%
U.S. Treasury and government agencies








 
 
Amortized cost
146


25,005

3,096

 
$
28,247

Fair value
146


24,895

3,117

 
$
28,158

Average yield(b)
0.59
%
%
1.52
%
1.50
%
 
1.51
%
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities








 
 
Amortized cost
73

781

1,184

28,697

 
$
30,735

Fair value
73

803

1,254

30,409

 
$
32,539

Average yield(b)
2.61
%
3.61
%
6.56
%
6.60
%
 
6.51
%
Certificates of deposit








 
 
Amortized cost
57




 
$
57

Fair value
57




 
$
57

Average yield(b)
0.50
%
%
%
%
 
0.50
%
Non-U.S. government debt securities








 
 
Amortized cost
4,593

14,229

11,133

52

 
$
30,007

Fair value
4,597

14,480

11,444

50

 
$
30,571

Average yield(b)
2.64
%
1.61
%
1.04
%
0.79
%
 
1.55
%
Corporate debt securities








 
 
Amortized cost
1,402

1,105

1,441

99

 
$
4,047

Fair value
1,404

1,136

1,487

105

 
$
4,132

Average yield(b)
2.78
%
3.31
%
3.39
%
3.58
%
 
3.16
%
Asset-backed securities








 
 
Amortized cost

813

20,777

9,155

 
$
30,745

Fair value

814

20,811

9,228

 
$
30,853

Average yield(b)
%
1.34
%
2.54
%
2.14
%
 
2.39
%
Total available-for-sale debt securities








 
 
Amortized cost
$
7,232

$
18,609

$
65,967

$
119,397

 
$
211,205

Fair value
$
7,243

$
18,947

$
66,508

$
122,074

 
$
214,772

Average yield(b)
2.44
%
1.85
%
2.05
%
3.95
%
 
3.12
%
Available-for-sale equity securities








 
 
Amortized cost



925

 
925

Fair value



925

 
925

Average yield(b)
%
%
%
0.41
%
 
0.41
%
Total available-for-sale securities








 
 
Amortized cost
$
7,232

$
18,609

$
65,967

$
120,322

 
$
212,130

Fair value
$
7,243

$
18,947

$
66,508

$
122,999

 
$
215,697

Average yield(b)
2.44
%
1.85
%
2.05
%
3.93
%
 
3.11
%
Held-to-maturity debt securities








 
 
Mortgage-backed securities(a)








 
 
Amortized cost



33,324

 
$
33,324

Fair value



33,876

 
$
33,876

Average yield(b)
%
%
%
3.29
%
 
3.29
%
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities








 
 
Amortized cost

29

1,664

12,744

 
$
14,437

Fair value

29

1,727

13,164

 
$
14,920

Average yield(b)
%
6.77
%
5.12
%
5.69
%
 
5.63
%
Total held-to-maturity securities








 
 
Amortized cost
$

$
29

$
1,664

$
46,068

 
$
47,761

Fair value
$

$
29

$
1,727

$
47,040

 
$
48,796

Average yield(b)
%
6.77
%
5.12
%
3.95
%
 
4.00
%
(a)
As of June 30, 2017, mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae exceeded 10% of JPMorgan Chase’s total stockholders’ equity; the amortized cost and fair value of such securities was $59.9 billion and $61.1 billion, respectively.

121


(b)
Average yield is computed using the effective yield of each security owned at the end of the period, weighted based on the amortized cost of each security. The effective yield considers the contractual coupon, amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, and the effect of related hedging derivatives. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable. The effective yield excludes unscheduled principal prepayments; and accordingly, actual maturities of securities may differ from their contractual or expected maturities as certain securities may be prepaid.
(c)
Includes securities with no stated maturity. Substantially all of the Firm’s U.S. residential MBS and collateralized mortgage obligations are due in 10 years or more, based on contractual maturity. The estimated weighted-average life, which reflects anticipated future prepayments, is approximately 7 years for agency residential MBS, 3 years for agency residential collateralized mortgage obligations and 3 years for nonagency residential collateralized mortgage obligations.
Note 10 – Securities financing activities
For a discussion of accounting policies relating to securities financing activities, see Note 13 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report. For further information regarding securities borrowed and securities lending agreements for which the fair value option has been elected, see Note 3. For further information regarding assets pledged and collateral received in securities financing agreements, see Note 20.
The table below summarizes the gross and net amounts of the Firm’s securities financing agreements as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. When the Firm has obtained an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the master netting agreement with a counterparty and where other relevant netting criteria under U.S. GAAP are met, the Firm nets, on the Consolidated balance sheets, the balances outstanding under its securities financing agreements with the same counterparty. In addition, the Firm exchanges securities and/or cash collateral with its counterparties; this collateral also reduces, in the Firm’s view, the economic exposure with the counterparty. Such collateral, along with securities financing balances that do not meet all these relevant netting criteria under U.S. GAAP, is presented as “Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets,” and reduces the “Net amounts” presented below, if the Firm has an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the master netting agreement with the counterparty. Where a legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained, the securities financing balances are presented gross in the “Net amounts” below, and related collateral does not reduce the amounts presented.
 
June 30, 2017
(in millions)
Gross amounts
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets
Amounts presented on the Consolidated balance sheets(b)
Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(c)
Net
amounts(d)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities purchased under resale agreements
$
494,707

$
(276,359
)
$
218,348

$
(209,548
)
 
$
8,800

Securities borrowed
93,224

(2,570
)
90,654

(64,626
)
 
26,028

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities sold under repurchase agreements
$
427,884

$
(276,359
)
$
151,525

$
(135,810
)
 
$
15,715

Securities loaned and other(a)
26,608

(2,570
)
24,038

(23,690
)
 
348

 
December 31, 2016
(in millions)
Gross amounts
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets
Amounts presented on the Consolidated balance sheets(b)
Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(c)
Net
amounts(d)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities purchased under resale agreements
$
480,735

$
(250,832
)
$
229,903

$
(222,413
)

$
7,490

Securities borrowed
96,409


96,409

(66,822
)
 
29,587

Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Securities sold under repurchase agreements
$
402,465

$
(250,832
)
$
151,633

$
(133,300
)

$
18,333

Securities loaned and other(a)
22,451


22,451

(22,177
)
 
274

(a)
Includes securities-for-securities lending transactions of $11.5 billion and $9.1 billion at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, accounted for at fair value, where the Firm is acting as lender. These amounts are presented within other liabilities in the Consolidated balance sheets.
(b)
Includes securities financing agreements accounted for at fair value. At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, included securities purchased under resale agreements of $18.0 billion and $21.5 billion, respectively and securities sold under agreements to repurchase of $721 million and $687 million, respectively. There were $1.6 billion of securities borrowed at June 30, 2017 and there were no securities borrowed at December 31, 2016. There were no securities loaned accounted for at fair value in either period.
(c)
In some cases, collateral exchanged with a counterparty exceeds the net asset or liability balance with that counterparty. In such cases, the amounts reported in this column are limited to the related asset or liability with that counterparty.
(d)
Includes securities financing agreements that provide collateral rights, but where an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the master netting agreement has not been either sought or obtained. At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, included $6.3 billion and $4.8 billion, respectively, of securities purchased under resale agreements; $22.9 billion and $27.1 billion, respectively, of securities borrowed; $12.1 billion and $15.9 billion, respectively, of securities sold under agreements to repurchase; and $200 million and $90 million, respectively, of securities loaned and other.

122


The tables below present as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016 the types of financial assets pledged in securities financing agreements and the remaining contractual maturity of the securities financing agreements.
 
Gross liability balance
 
June 30, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
 (in millions)
Securities sold under repurchase agreements
Securities loaned and other(a)
 
Securities sold under repurchase agreements
Securities loaned and other(a)
Mortgage-backed securities
$
9,745

$

 
$
10,546

$

U.S. Treasury and government agencies
202,102

942

 
199,030


Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
1,355


 
2,491


Non-U.S. government debt
180,773

3,607

 
149,008

1,279

Corporate debt securities
14,677

53

 
18,140

108

Asset-backed securities
4,137

103

 
7,721


Equity securities
15,095

21,903

 
15,529

21,064

Total
$
427,884

$
26,608

 
$
402,465

$
22,451

 
Remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
 
Overnight and continuous
 
 
Greater than
90 days
 
June 30, 2017 (in millions)
Up to 30 days
30 – 90 days
Total
Total securities sold under repurchase agreements
$
154,721

$
178,772

$
53,376

$
41,015

$
427,884

Total securities loaned and other(a)
20,989

1,192

1,687

2,740

26,608

 
Remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
 
Overnight and continuous
 
 
Greater than
90 days
 
December 31, 2016 (in millions)
Up to 30 days
30 – 90 days
Total
Total securities sold under repurchase agreements
$
140,318

$
157,860

$
55,621

$
48,666

$
402,465

Total securities loaned and other(a)
13,586

1,371

2,877

4,617

22,451

(a)
Includes securities-for-securities lending transactions of $11.5 billion and $9.1 billion at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, accounted for at fair value, where the Firm is acting as lender. These amounts are presented within other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
Transfers not qualifying for sale accounting
At June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, the Firm held $4.9 billion and $5.9 billion respectively, of financial assets for which the rights have been transferred to third parties; however, the transfers did not qualify as a sale in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These transfers have been recognized as collateralized financing transactions. The transferred assets are recorded in trading assets and loans, and the corresponding liabilities are recorded predominantly in other borrowed funds on the Consolidated balance sheets.

123


Note 11 – Loans
Loan accounting framework
The accounting for a loan depends on management’s strategy for the loan, and on whether the loan was credit-impaired at the date of acquisition. The Firm accounts for loans based on the following categories:
Originated or purchased loans held-for-investment (i.e., “retained”), other than PCI loans
Loans held-for-sale
Loans at fair value
PCI loans held-for-investment
 
For a detailed discussion of loans, including accounting policies, see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report. See Note 3 of this Form 10-Q for further information on the Firm’s elections of fair value accounting under the fair value option. See Note 2 of this Form 10-Q for information on loans carried at fair value and classified as trading assets.

Loan portfolio
The Firm’s loan portfolio is divided into three portfolio segments, which are the same segments used by the Firm to determine the allowance for loan losses: Consumer, excluding credit card; Credit card; and Wholesale. Within each portfolio segment the Firm monitors and assesses the credit risk in the following classes of loans, based on the risk characteristics of each loan class.
Consumer, excluding
credit card(a)
 
Credit card
 
Wholesale(f)
Residential real estate – excluding PCI
• Home equity(b)
• Residential mortgage(c)
Other consumer loans
• Auto(d)
• Consumer & Business Banking(d)(e)
• Student
Residential real estate – PCI
• Home equity
• Prime mortgage
• Subprime mortgage
• Option ARMs
 
• Credit card loans
 
• Commercial and industrial
• Real estate
• Financial institutions
• Government agencies
• Other(g)
(a)
Includes loans held in CCB, prime mortgage and home equity loans held in AWM and prime mortgage loans held in Corporate.
(b)
Includes senior and junior lien home equity loans.
(c)
Predominantly includes prime (including option ARMs) and subprime loans.
(d)
Includes certain business banking and auto dealer risk-rated loans that apply the wholesale methodology for determining the allowance for loan losses; these loans are managed by CCB, and therefore, for consistency in presentation, are included with the other consumer loan classes.
(e)
Predominantly includes Business Banking loans.
(f)
Includes loans held in CIB, CB, AWM and Corporate. Excludes prime mortgage and home equity loans held in AWM and prime mortgage loans held in Corporate. Classes are internally defined and may not align with regulatory definitions.
(g)
Includes loans to: individuals; SPEs; and private education and civic organizations. For more information on SPEs, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
The following tables summarize the Firm’s loan balances by portfolio segment.
June 30, 2017
Consumer, excluding credit card
 
Credit card(a)
 
Wholesale
 
Total
 
(in millions)
 
Retained
$
365,115

 
$
140,035

 
$
394,426

 
$
899,576

(b) 
Held-for-sale
256

 
106

 
6,850

 
7,212

 
At fair value

 

 
1,979

 
1,979

 
Total
$
365,371

 
$
140,141

 
$
403,255

 
$
908,767

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2016
Consumer, excluding credit card
 
Credit card(a)
 
Wholesale
 
Total
 
(in millions)
 
Retained
$
364,406

 
$
141,711

 
$
383,790

 
$
889,907

(b) 
Held-for-sale
238

 
105

 
2,285

 
2,628

 
At fair value

 

 
2,230

 
2,230

 
Total
$
364,644

 
$
141,816

 
$
388,305

 
$
894,765

 
(a)
Includes accrued interest and fees net of an allowance for the uncollectible portion of accrued interest and fee income.
(b)
Loans (other than PCI loans and loans for which the fair value option has been elected) are presented net of unearned income, unamortized discounts and premiums, and net deferred loan costs. These amounts were not material as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016.

124


The following table provides information about the carrying value of retained loans purchased, sold and reclassified to held-for-sale during the periods indicated. This table excludes loans recorded at fair value. The Firm manages its exposure to credit risk on an ongoing basis. Selling loans is one way that the Firm reduces its credit exposures.


2017
 
2016
Three months ended June 30, (in millions)

Consumer, excluding credit card

Credit card
Wholesale
Total
 
Consumer, excluding credit card
 
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
Purchases

$
626

(a)(b) 
$

$
594

$
1,220

 
$
824

(a)(b) 
$

$
405

$
1,229

Sales

763



2,377

3,140

 
905

 

2,082

2,987

Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale

31

 

307

338

 
18



127

145

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
 
Consumer, excluding credit card
 
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
 
Consumer, excluding credit card
 
Credit card
Wholesale
Total
Purchases
 
$
1,566

(a)(b) 
$

$
878

$
2,444

 
$
2,089

(a)(b) 
$

$
693

$
2,782

Sales
 
1,353

 

4,824

6,177

 
1,665

 

3,746

5,411

Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale
 
6,340

(c) 

768

7,108

 
83

 

616

699

(a)
Purchases predominantly represent the Firm’s voluntary repurchase of certain delinquent loans from loan pools as permitted by Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) guidelines. The Firm typically elects to repurchase these delinquent loans as it continues to service them and/or manage the foreclosure process in accordance with applicable requirements of Ginnie Mae, FHA, RHS, and/or VA.
(b)
Excludes purchases of retained loans sourced through the correspondent origination channel and underwritten in accordance with the Firm’s standards. Such purchases were $5.9 billion and $8.4 billion for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $11.3 billion and $17.1 billion for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
(c)
Includes the Firm’s student loan portfolio, which was transferred to held-for-sale in the first quarter of 2017. For additional information see Note 23.
The following table provides information about gains and losses on loan sales, including lower of cost or fair value adjustments, by portfolio segment.

Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2017
2016
 
2017
2016
Net gains/(losses) on sales of loans (including lower of cost or fair value adjustments)(a)
 
 
 
 
 
Consumer, excluding credit card(b)
$
12

$
64

 
$
(214
)
$
117

Credit card
(3
)
(4
)
 
(2
)
(4
)
Wholesale
17


 
22

(2
)
Total net gains on sales of loans (including lower of cost or fair value adjustments)
$
26

$
60

 
$
(194
)
$
111

(a)
Excludes sales related to loans accounted for at fair value.
(b)
Includes the Firm’s student loan portfolio, which was transferred to held-for-sale in the first quarter of 2017. For additional information see Note 23.
Consumer, excluding credit card loan portfolio
Consumer loans, excluding credit card loans, consist primarily of residential mortgages, home equity loans and lines of credit, auto loans, consumer and business banking loans, and student loans, with a focus on serving the prime consumer credit market. The portfolio also includes home equity loans secured by junior liens, prime mortgage loans with an interest-only payment period, and certain payment-option loans that may result in negative amortization.
The table below provides information about retained consumer loans, excluding credit card, by class. In the first quarter of 2017, the Firm transferred the student loan portfolio to held-for-sale. For additional information see Note 23.
 
(in millions)
June 30,
2017

December 31,
2016

Residential real estate – excluding PCI
 
 
Home equity
$
36,000

$
39,063

Residential mortgage(a)
205,380

192,486

Other consumer loans
 
 
Auto
65,627

65,814

Consumer & Business Banking(a)
25,044

24,307

Student(a)

7,057

Residential real estate – PCI
 
 
Home equity
11,838

12,902

Prime mortgage
7,023

7,602

Subprime mortgage
2,771

2,941

Option ARMs
11,432

12,234

Total retained loans
$
365,115

$
364,406

(a)
Certain loan portfolios have been reclassified. The prior period amounts have been revised to conform with the current period presentation.
For further information on consumer credit quality indicators, see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.

125


Residential real estate – excluding PCI loans
The following table provides information by class for residential real estate – excluding retained PCI loans in the consumer, excluding credit card, portfolio segment.
Residential real estate – excluding PCI loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions, except ratios)
Home equity
 
 
Residential mortgage(g)
 
 
Total residential real estate – excluding PCI
Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016

 
 
Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016

 
 
Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016

Loan delinquency(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current
$
35,061

$
37,941

 
 
$
198,261

$
184,133

 
 
$
233,322

$
222,074

30–149 days past due
535

646

 
 
3,284

3,828

 
 
3,819

4,474

150 or more days past due
404

476

 
 
3,835

4,525

 
 
4,239

5,001

Total retained loans
$
36,000

$
39,063

 
 
$
205,380

$
192,486

 
 
$
241,380

$
231,549

% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans(b)
2.61
%
2.87
%
 
 
0.63
%
0.75
%
 
 
0.92
%
1.11
%
90 or more days past due and government guaranteed(c)
$

$

 
 
$
3,959

$
4,858

 
 
$
3,959

$
4,858

Nonaccrual loans
1,645

1,845

 
 
2,089

2,256

 
 
3,734

4,101

Current estimated LTV ratios(d)(e)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Greater than 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Equal to or greater than 660
$
18

$
70

 
 
$
25

$
30

 
 
$
43

$
100

Less than 660
7

15

 
 
39

48

 
 
46

63

101% to 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Equal to or greater than 660
370

668

 
 
58

135

 
 
428

803

Less than 660
120

221

 
 
128

177

 
 
248

398

80% to 100% and refreshed FICO scores:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Equal to or greater than 660
2,138

2,961

 
 
3,330

4,026

 
 
5,468

6,987

Less than 660
692

945

 
 
555

718

 
 
1,247

1,663

Less than 80% and refreshed FICO scores:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Equal to or greater than 660
26,400

27,317

 
 
184,119

169,579

 
 
210,519

196,896

Less than 660
4,135

4,380

 
 
6,993

6,759

 
 
11,128

11,139

No FICO/LTV available
2,120

2,486

 
 
1,548

1,650

 
 
3,668

4,136

U.S. government-guaranteed


 
 
8,585

9,364

 
 
8,585

9,364

Total retained loans
$
36,000

$
39,063

 
 
$
205,380

$
192,486

 
 
$
241,380

$
231,549

Geographic region
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
California
$
7,053

$
7,644

 
 
$
64,827

$
59,802

 
 
$
71,880

$
67,446

New York
7,377

7,978

 
 
26,479

24,916

 
 
33,856

32,894

Illinois
2,705

2,947

 
 
13,884

13,126

 
 
16,589

16,073

Texas
2,124

2,225

 
 
11,693

10,772

 
 
13,817

12,997

Florida
1,973

2,133

 
 
9,176

8,395

 
 
11,149

10,528

New Jersey
2,091

2,253

 
 
6,735

6,374

 
 
8,826

8,627

Colorado
630

677

 
 
6,865

6,306

 
 
7,495

6,983

Washington
1,122

1,229

 
 
6,177

5,451

 
 
7,299

6,680

Massachusetts
332

371

 
 
6,060

5,834

 
 
6,392

6,205

Arizona
1,598

1,772

 
 
3,899

3,595

 
 
5,497

5,367

All other(f)
8,995

9,834

 
 
49,585

47,915

 
 
58,580

57,749

Total retained loans
$
36,000

$
39,063

 
 
$
205,380

$
192,486

 
 
$
241,380

$
231,549

(a)
Individual delinquency classifications include mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies as follows: current included $2.8 billion and $2.5 billion; 30149 days past due included $2.6 billion and $3.1 billion; and 150 or more days past due included $3.2 billion and $3.8 billion at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively.
(b)
At June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, residential mortgage loans excluded mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $5.8 billion and $6.9 billion, respectively, that are 30 or more days past due. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.
(c)
These balances, which are 90 days or more past due, were excluded from nonaccrual loans as the loans are guaranteed by U.S government agencies. Typically the principal balance of the loans is insured and interest is guaranteed at a specified reimbursement rate subject to meeting agreed-upon servicing guidelines. At June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, these balances included $1.9 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively, of loans that are no longer accruing interest based on the agreed-upon servicing guidelines. For the remaining balance, interest is being accrued at the guaranteed reimbursement rate. There were no loans that were not guaranteed by U.S. government agencies that are 90 or more days past due and still accruing interest at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016.
(d)
Represents the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans divided by the estimated current property value. Current property values are estimated, at a minimum, quarterly, based on home valuation models using nationally recognized home price index valuation estimates incorporating actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. These property values do not represent actual appraised loan level collateral values; as such, the resulting ratios are necessarily imprecise and should be viewed as estimates. Current estimated combined LTV for junior lien home equity loans considers all available lien positions, as well as unused lines, related to the property.
(e)
Refreshed FICO scores represent each borrower’s most recent credit score, which is obtained by the Firm on at least a quarterly basis.
(f)
At June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, included mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies of $8.6 billion and $9.4 billion, respectively.
(g)
Certain loan portfolios have been reclassified. The prior period amounts have been revised to conform with the current period presentation.


126


The following table represents the Firm’s delinquency statistics for junior lien home equity loans and lines as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016.
 
Total loans
 
Total 30+ day delinquency rate
(in millions, except ratios)
Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016

 
Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016

 
HELOCs:(a)
 
 
 
 
 
Within the revolving period(b)
$
7,951

$
10,304

 
0.79
%
1.27
%
Beyond the revolving period
13,572

13,272

 
2.76

3.05

HELOANs
1,599

1,861

 
2.69

2.85

Total
$
23,122

$
25,437

 
2.08
%
2.32
%
(a)
These HELOCs are predominantly revolving loans for a 10-year period, after which time the HELOC converts to a loan with a 20-year amortization period, but also include HELOCs that allow interest-only payments beyond the revolving period.
(b)
The Firm manages the risk of HELOCs during their revolving period by closing or reducing the undrawn line to the extent permitted by law when borrowers are experiencing financial difficulty.
 
HELOCs beyond the revolving period and HELOANs have higher delinquency rates than HELOCs within the revolving period. That is primarily because the fully-amortizing payment that is generally required for those products is higher than the minimum payment options available for HELOCs within the revolving period. The higher delinquency rates associated with amortizing HELOCs and HELOANs are factored into the Firm’s allowance for loan losses.

Impaired loans
The table below sets forth information about the Firm’s residential real estate impaired loans, excluding PCI loans. These loans are considered to be impaired as they have been modified in a TDR. All impaired loans are evaluated for an asset-specific allowance as described in Note 15 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.

(in millions)
Home equity
 
Residential mortgage
 
Total residential real estate – excluding PCI
Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016

 
Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016

 
Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016

Impaired loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With an allowance
$
1,241

$
1,266

 
$
4,529

$
4,689

 
$
5,770

$
5,955

Without an allowance(a)
921

998

 
1,275

1,343

 
2,196

2,341

Total impaired loans(b)(c)
$
2,162

$
2,264

 
$
5,804

$
6,032

 
$
7,966

$
8,296

Allowance for loan losses related to impaired loans
$
126

$
121

 
$
67

$
68

 
$
193

$
189

Unpaid principal balance of impaired loans(d)
3,805

3,847

 
7,996

8,285

 
11,801

12,132

Impaired loans on nonaccrual status(e)
1,056

1,116

 
1,684

1,755

 
2,740

2,871

(a)
Represents collateral-dependent residential real estate loans that are charged off to the fair value of the underlying collateral less cost to sell. The Firm reports, in accordance with regulatory guidance, residential real estate loans that have been discharged under Chapter 7 bankruptcy and not reaffirmed by the borrower (“Chapter 7 loans”) as collateral-dependent nonaccrual TDRs, regardless of their delinquency status. At June 30, 2017, Chapter 7 residential real estate loans included approximately 11% of home equity and 13% of residential mortgages that were 30 days or more past due.
(b)
At June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, $3.9 billion and $3.4 billion, respectively, of loans modified subsequent to repurchase from Ginnie Mae in accordance with the standards of the appropriate government agency (i.e., FHA, VA, RHS) are not included in the table above. When such loans perform subsequent to modification in accordance with Ginnie Mae guidelines, they are generally sold back into Ginnie Mae loan pools. Modified loans that do not re-perform become subject to foreclosure.
(c)
Predominantly all residential real estate impaired loans, excluding PCI loans, are in the U.S.
(d)
Represents the contractual amount of principal owed at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016. The unpaid principal balance differs from the impaired loan balances due to various factors including charge-offs, net deferred loan fees or costs, and unamortized discounts or premiums on purchased loans.
(e)
At both June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, nonaccrual loans included $2.3 billion of TDRs for which the borrowers were less than 90 days past due. For additional information about loans modified in a TDR that are on nonaccrual status refer, to the Loan accounting framework in Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.

127


The following tables present average impaired loans and the related interest income reported by the Firm.
Three months ended June 30,
(in millions)
Average impaired loans
 
Interest income on
impaired loans(a)
 
Interest income on impaired
loans on a cash basis
(a)
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

Home equity
$
2,241

$
2,340

 
$
30

$
32

 
$
18

$
20

Residential mortgage
5,865

6,453

 
68

77

 
14

20

Total residential real estate – excluding PCI
$
8,106

$
8,793

 
$
98

$
109

 
$
32

$
40

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
Average impaired loans
 
Interest income on
impaired loans(a)
 
Interest income on impaired
loans on a cash basis(a)
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

Home equity
$
2,245

$
2,350

 
$
61

$
63

 
$
38

$
41

Residential mortgage
5,921

6,534

 
141

155

 
33

39

Total residential real estate – excluding PCI
$
8,166

$
8,884

 
$
202

$
218

 
$
71

$
80

(a)
Generally, interest income on loans modified in TDRs is recognized on a cash basis until such time as the borrower has made a minimum of six payments under the new terms, unless the loan is deemed to be collateral-dependent.

Loan modifications
Modifications of residential real estate loans, excluding PCI loans, are generally accounted for and reported as TDRs. There were no additional commitments to lend to borrowers whose residential real estate loans, excluding PCI loans, have been modified in TDRs.
 
The following table presents new TDRs reported by the Firm.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

Home equity
$
69

$
70

 
$
150

$
196

Residential mortgage
96

59

 
168

122

Total residential real estate – excluding PCI
$
165

$
129

 
$
318

$
318


128


Nature and extent of modifications
The U.S. Treasury’s Making Home Affordable programs, as well as the Firm’s proprietary modification programs, generally provide various concessions to financially troubled borrowers including, but not limited to, interest rate reductions, term or payment extensions and deferral of principal and/or interest payments that would otherwise have been required under the terms of the original agreement.
The following tables provide information about how residential real estate loans, excluding PCI loans, were modified under the Firm’s loss mitigation programs described above during the periods presented. These tables exclude Chapter 7 loans where the sole concession granted is the discharge of debt.
Three months ended June 30,
 
 
Total residential
real estate –
excluding PCI
Home equity
 
Residential mortgage
 
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

Number of loans approved for a trial modification
565

688

 
390

555

 
955

1,243

Number of loans permanently modified
1,583

949

 
659

979

 
2,242

1,928

Concession granted:(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate reduction
59
%
80
%
 
69
%
71
%
 
62
%
75
%
Term or payment extension
78

84

 
82

90

 
79

87

Principal and/or interest deferred
9

20

 
20

16

 
13

18

Principal forgiveness
9

11

 
18

29

 
12

20

Other(b)
15

1

 
23

23

 
18

12

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
 
Total residential
real estate –
excluding PCI
Home equity
 
Residential mortgage
 
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

Number of loans approved for a trial modification
1,308

1,737

 
846

1,135

 
2,154

2,872

Number of loans permanently modified
2,800

2,641

 
1,442

1,711

 
4,242

4,352

Concession granted:(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest rate reduction
71
%
71
%
 
76
%
72
%
 
72
%
71
%
Term or payment extension
84

88

 
86

90

 
84

89

Principal and/or interest deferred
13

18

 
14

19

 
14

18

Principal forgiveness
9

10

 
19

27

 
12

17

Other(b)
13

1

 
27

21

 
18

9

(a)
Represents concessions granted in permanent modifications as a percentage of the number of loans permanently modified. The sum of the percentages exceeds 100% because predominantly all of the modifications include more than one type of concession. A significant portion of trial modifications include interest rate reductions and/or term or payment extensions.
(b)
Predominantly represents variable interest rate to fixed interest rate modifications.

129


Financial effects of modifications and redefaults
The following tables provide information about the financial effects of the various concessions granted in modifications of residential real estate loans, excluding PCI, under the loss mitigation programs described above and about redefaults of certain loans modified in TDRs for the periods presented. Because the specific types and amounts of concessions offered to borrowers frequently change between the trial modification and the permanent modification, the following tables present only the financial effects of permanent modifications. These tables also exclude Chapter 7 loans where the sole concession granted is the discharge of debt.
Three months ended June 30,
(in millions, except weighted-average data
 and number of loans)
Home equity
 
Residential mortgage
 
Total residential real estate – excluding PCI
2017
2016
 
2017
2016
 
2017
2016
Weighted-average interest rate of loans with interest rate reductions – before TDR
5.04
%
5.28
%
 
5.13
%
5.67
%
 
5.09
%
5.54
%
Weighted-average interest rate of loans with interest rate reductions – after TDR
2.39

2.52

 
3.12

2.98

 
2.79

2.83

Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) of loans with term or payment extensions – before TDR
26

17

 
23

25

 
25

22

Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) of loans with term or payment extensions – after TDR
38

38

 
37

38

 
38

38

Charge-offs recognized upon permanent modification
$

$


 
$


$
1

 
$


$
1

Principal deferred
2

4

 
4

9

 
6

13

Principal forgiven
3

1

 
6

13

 
9

14

Balance of loans that redefaulted within one year of permanent modification(a)
$
12

$
11

 
$
30

$
26

 
$
42

$
37

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except weighted-average
data and number of loans)
Home equity
 
Residential mortgage
 
Total residential real estate – excluding PCI
2017
2016
 
2017
2016
 
2017
2016
Weighted-average interest rate of loans with interest rate reductions – before TDR
4.82
%
5.13
%
 
5.25
%
5.60
%
 
5.06
%
5.40
%
Weighted-average interest rate of loans with interest rate reductions – after TDR
2.42

2.46

 
3.00

2.92

 
2.74

2.73

Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) of loans with term or payment extensions – before TDR
23

18

 
24

25

 
24

22

Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) of loans with term or payment extensions – after TDR
39

38

 
38

38

 
38

38

Charge-offs recognized upon permanent modification
$
1

$
1

 
$
1

$
2

 
$
2

$
3

Principal deferred
7

12

 
7

19

 
14

31

Principal forgiven
5

4

 
11

25

 
16

29

Balance of loans that redefaulted within one year of permanent modification(a)
$
21

$
20

 
$
58

$
48

 
$
79

$
68

(a)
Represents loans permanently modified in TDRs that experienced a payment default in the periods presented, and for which the payment default occurred within one year of the modification. The dollar amounts presented represent the balance of such loans at the end of the reporting period in which such loans defaulted. For residential real estate loans modified in TDRs, payment default is deemed to occur when the loan becomes two contractual payments past due. In the event that a modified loan redefaults, it is probable that the loan will ultimately be liquidated through foreclosure or another similar type of liquidation transaction. Redefaults of loans modified within the last 12 months may not be representative of ultimate redefault levels.

At June 30, 2017, the weighted-average estimated remaining lives of residential real estate loans, excluding PCI loans, permanently modified in TDRs were 10 years for home equity and 13 years for residential mortgage. The estimated remaining lives of these loans reflect estimated prepayments, both voluntary and involuntary (i.e., foreclosures and other forced liquidations).
 

Active and suspended foreclosure
At June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, the Firm had non-PCI residential real estate loans, excluding those insured by U.S. government agencies, with a carrying value of $796 million and $932 million, respectively, that were not included in REO, but were in the process of active or suspended foreclosure.

130


Other consumer loans
The table below provides information for other consumer retained loan classes, including auto and business banking loans. This table excludes student loans as a result of the transfer of the student loan portfolio to held-for-sale in the first quarter of 2017 and its subsequent sale in the second quarter of 2017.
(in millions, except ratios)
Auto
 
Consumer & Business Banking(c)
Jun 30, 2017

 
Dec 31, 2016

 
Jun 30, 2017

Dec 31, 2016

Loan delinquency
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current
$
65,050

 
$
65,029

 
$
24,746

$
23,920

30–119 days past due
568

 
773

 
150

247

120 or more days past due
9

 
12

 
148

140

Total retained loans
$
65,627

 
$
65,814

 
$
25,044

$
24,307

% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans
0.88
%
 
1.19
%
 
1.19
%
1.59
%
Nonaccrual loans(a)
158

 
214

 
301

287

Geographic region
 
 
 
 
 
 
California
$
8,347

 
$
7,975

 
$
4,731

$
4,426

Texas
6,807

 
7,041

 
2,929

2,954

New York
3,974

 
4,078

 
4,066

3,979

Illinois
4,052

 
3,984

 
1,867

1,758

Florida
3,369

 
3,374

 
1,263

1,195

Ohio
2,126

 
2,194

 
1,412

1,402

Arizona
2,132

 
2,209

 
1,305

1,307

Michigan
1,552

 
1,567

 
1,350

1,343

New Jersey
2,044

 
2,031

 
658

623

Louisiana
1,712

 
1,814

 
951

979

All other
29,512

 
29,547

 
4,512

4,341

Total retained loans
$
65,627

 
$
65,814

 
$
25,044

$
24,307

Loans by risk ratings(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noncriticized
$
14,863

 
$
13,899

 
$
17,465

$
16,858

Criticized performing
119

 
201

 
750

816

Criticized nonaccrual
56

 
94

 
227

217

(a)
There were no loans that were 90 or more days past due and still accruing interest at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016.
(b)
For risk-rated business banking and auto loans, the primary credit quality indicator is the risk rating of the loan, including whether the loans are considered to be criticized and/or nonaccrual.
(c)
Certain loan portfolios have been reclassified. The prior period amounts have been revised to conform with the current period presentation.


131


Other consumer impaired loans and loan
modifications
The table below sets forth information about the Firm’s other consumer impaired loans, including risk-rated business banking and auto loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status, and loans that have been modified in TDRs.
(in millions)
June 30,
2017

 
December 31,
2016

Impaired loans
 
 
 
With an allowance
$
345

 
$
614

Without an allowance(a)
29

 
30

Total impaired loans(b)(c)
$
374

 
$
644

Allowance for loan losses related to impaired loans
$
103

 
$
119

Unpaid principal balance of impaired loans(d)
462

 
753

Impaired loans on nonaccrual status
331

 
508

(a)
When discounted cash flows, collateral value or market price equals or exceeds the recorded investment in the loan, the loan does not require an allowance. This typically occurs when the impaired loans have been partially charged off and/or there have been interest payments received and applied to the loan balance.
(b)
Predominantly all other consumer impaired loans are in the U.S.
(c)
Other consumer average impaired loans were $381 million and $622 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $501 million and $596 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The related interest income on impaired loans, including those on a cash basis, was not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.
(d)
Represents the contractual amount of principal owed at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016. The unpaid principal balance differs from the impaired loan balances due to various factors, including charge-offs, interest payments received and applied to the principal balance, net deferred loan fees or costs, and unamortized discounts or premiums on purchased loans.
 
Loan modifications
Certain other consumer loan modifications are considered to be TDRs as they provide various concessions to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty. All of these TDRs are reported as impaired loans in the table above. See Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report for further information on other consumer loans modified in TDRs.
The following table provides information about the Firm’s other consumer loans modified in TDRs. New TDRs were not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.
(in millions)
June 30,
2017

 
December 31,
2016

Loans modified in TDRs(a)(b)
$
119

 
$
362

TDRs on nonaccrual status
76

 
226

(a)
The impact of these modifications were not material to the Firm for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.
(b)
Additional commitments to lend to borrowers whose loans have been modified in TDRs as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, were immaterial.

132


Purchased credit-impaired loans
For a detailed discussion of PCI loans, including the related accounting policies, see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
Residential real estate – PCI loans
The table below sets forth information about the Firm’s consumer, excluding credit card, PCI loans.

(in millions, except ratios)
Home equity

Prime mortgage

Subprime mortgage

Option ARMs

Total PCI
Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016


Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016


Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016


Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016


Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016

Carrying value(a)
$
11,838

$
12,902


$
7,023

$
7,602


$
2,771

$
2,941


$
11,432

$
12,234


$
33,064

$
35,679

Related allowance for loan losses(b)
1,133

1,433


903

829


150



79

49


2,265

2,311

Loan delinquency (based on unpaid principal balance)




















Current
$
11,396

$
12,423


$
6,367

$
6,840


$
2,914

$
3,005


$
10,443

$
11,074


$
31,120

$
33,342

30–149 days past due
268

291


296

336


292

361


466

555


1,322

1,543

150 or more days past due
434

478


384

451


188

240


774

917


1,780

2,086

Total loans
$
12,098

$
13,192


$
7,047

$
7,627


$
3,394

$
3,606


$
11,683

$
12,546


$
34,222

$
36,971

% of 30+ days past due to total loans
5.80
%
5.83
%

9.65
%
10.32
%

14.14
%
16.67
%

10.61
%
11.73
%

9.06
%
9.82
%
Current estimated LTV ratios (based on unpaid principal balance)(c)(d)

















Greater than 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
























Equal to or greater than 660
$
44

$
69


$
6

$
6


$
5

$
7


$
6

$
12


$
61

$
94

Less than 660
23

39


16

17


25

31


13

18


77

105

101% to 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
























Equal to or greater than 660
365

555


27

52


26

39


61

83


479

729

Less than 660
175

256


56

84


94

135


91

144


416

619

80% to 100% and refreshed FICO scores:
























Equal to or greater than 660
1,480

1,860


292

442


146

214


376

558


2,294

3,074

Less than 660
678

804


289

381


356

439


463

609


1,786

2,233

Lower than 80% and refreshed FICO scores:
























Equal to or greater than 660
6,461

6,676


3,781

3,967


936

919


6,438

6,754


17,616

18,316

Less than 660
2,159

2,183


2,209

2,287


1,641

1,645


3,691

3,783


9,700

9,898

No FICO/LTV available
713

750


371

391


165

177


544

585


1,793

1,903

Total unpaid principal balance
$
12,098

$
13,192


$
7,047

$
7,627


$
3,394

$
3,606


$
11,683

$
12,546


$
34,222

$
36,971

Geographic region (based on unpaid principal balance)




















California
$
7,218

$
7,899


$
4,034

$
4,396


$
846

$
899


$
6,626

$
7,128


$
18,724

$
20,322

Florida
1,224

1,306


465

501


313

332


971

1,026


2,973

3,165

New York
653

697


487

515


347

363


660

711


2,147

2,286

Washington
603

673


151

167


64

68


263

290


1,081

1,198

New Jersey
259

280


196

210


119

125


373

401


947

1,016

Illinois
294

314


215

226


169

178


269

282


947

1,000

Massachusetts
88

94


159

173


104

110


321

346


672

723

Maryland
60

64


138

144


138

145


248

267


584

620

Arizona
219

241


113

124


63

68


167

181


562

614

Virginia
71

77


132

142


53

56


296

314


552

589

All other
1,409

1,547


957

1,029


1,178

1,262


1,489

1,600


5,033

5,438

Total unpaid principal balance
$
12,098

$
13,192


$
7,047

$
7,627


$
3,394

$
3,606


$
11,683

$
12,546


$
34,222

$
36,971

(a)
Carrying value includes the effect of fair value adjustments that were applied to the consumer PCI portfolio at the date of acquisition.
(b)
Management concluded as part of the Firm’s regular assessment of the PCI loan pools that it was probable that higher expected credit losses would result in a decrease in expected cash flows. As a result, an allowance for loan losses for impairment of these pools has been recognized.
(c)
Represents the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans divided by the estimated current property value. Current property values are estimated, at a minimum, quarterly, based on home valuation models using nationally recognized home price index valuation estimates incorporating actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. These property values do not represent actual appraised loan level collateral values; as such, the resulting ratios are necessarily imprecise and should be viewed as estimates. Current estimated combined LTV for junior lien home equity loans considers all available lien positions, as well as unused lines, related to the property.
(d)
Refreshed FICO scores represent each borrower’s most recent credit score, which is obtained by the Firm on at least a quarterly basis.

133


Approximately 24% of the PCI home equity portfolio are senior lien loans; the remaining balance are junior lien HELOANs or HELOCs. The following table sets forth delinquency statistics for PCI junior lien home equity loans and lines of credit based on the unpaid principal balance as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016.
 
Total loans
 
Total 30+ day delinquency rate
(in millions, except ratios)
Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016

 
Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016

 
HELOCs:(a)
 
 
 
 
 
Within the revolving period(b)
$
787

$
2,126

 
3.94
%
3.67
%
Beyond the revolving period(c)
7,957

7,452

 
3.97

4.03

HELOANs
409

465

 
4.65

5.38

Total
$
9,153

$
10,043

 
4.00
%
4.01
%
(a)
In general, these HELOCs are revolving loans for a 10-year period, after which time the HELOC converts to an interest-only loan with a balloon payment at the end of the loan’s term.
(b)
Substantially all undrawn HELOCs within the revolving period have been closed.
(c)
Includes loans modified into fixed rate amortizing loans.

The table below sets forth the accretable yield activity for the Firm’s PCI consumer loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, and represents the Firm’s estimate of gross interest income expected to be earned over the remaining life of the PCI loan portfolios. The table excludes the cost to fund the PCI portfolios, and therefore the accretable yield does not represent net interest income expected to be earned on these portfolios.
 
Total PCI
(in millions, except ratios)
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
2017
2016
 
2017
2016
Beginning balance
$
13,122

$
12,674

 
$
11,768

$
13,491

Accretion into interest income
(357
)
(395
)
 
(716
)
(802
)
Changes in interest rates on variable-rate loans
51

25

 
167

101

Other changes in expected cash flows(a)
(177
)
(3
)
 
1,420

(489
)
Balance at June 30
$
12,639

$
12,301

 
$
12,639

$
12,301

Accretable yield percentage
4.55
%
4.37
%
 
4.45
%
4.36
%
(a)
Other changes in expected cash flows may vary from period to period as the Firm continues to refine its cash flow model, for example cash flows expected to be collected due to the impact of modifications and changes in prepayment assumptions.
Active and suspended foreclosure
At June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, the Firm had PCI residential real estate loans with an unpaid principal balance of $1.5 billion and $1.7 billion, respectively, that were not included in REO, but were in the process of active or suspended foreclosure.


 
Credit card loan portfolio
The table below sets forth information about the Firm’s credit card loans.
(in millions, except ratios)
June 30,
2017

December 31,
2016

Loan delinquency
 
 
Current and less than 30 days
past due and still accruing
$
137,811

$
139,434

30–89 days past due and still accruing
1,099

1,134

90 or more days past due and still accruing
1,125

1,143

Total retained credit card loans
$
140,035

$
141,711

Loan delinquency ratios
 
 
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans
1.59
%
1.61
%
% of 90+ days past due to total retained loans
0.80

0.81

Credit card loans by geographic region
 
 
California
$
20,592

$
20,571

Texas
13,256

13,220

New York
12,236

12,249

Florida
8,481

8,585

Illinois
8,080

8,189

New Jersey
6,134

6,271

Ohio
4,745

4,906

Pennsylvania
4,624

4,787

Colorado
3,752

3,699

Michigan
3,621

3,741

All other
54,514

55,493

Total retained credit card loans
$
140,035

$
141,711

Percentage of portfolio based on carrying value with estimated refreshed FICO scores
 
 
Equal to or greater than 660
84.2
%
84.4
%
Less than 660
14.4

14.2

No FICO available
1.4

1.4



134


Credit card impaired loans and loan modifications
For a detailed discussion of impaired credit card loans, including credit card loan modifications, see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
The table below sets forth information about the Firm’s impaired credit card loans. All of these loans are considered to be impaired as they have been modified in TDRs.
(in millions)
June 30,
2017

December 31,
2016

Impaired credit card loans with an allowance(a)(b)
 
 
Credit card loans with modified payment terms(c)
$
1,078

$
1,098

Modified credit card loans that have reverted to pre-modification payment terms(d)
126

142

Total impaired credit card loans(e)
$
1,204

$
1,240

Allowance for loan losses related to impaired credit card loans
$
370

$
358

(a)
The carrying value and the unpaid principal balance are the same for credit card impaired loans.
(b)
There were no impaired loans without an allowance.
(c)
Represents credit card loans outstanding to borrowers enrolled in a credit card modification program as of the date presented.
(d)
Represents credit card loans that were modified in TDRs but that have subsequently reverted back to the loans’ pre-modification payment terms.
At June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, $85 million and $94 million, respectively, of loans have reverted back to the pre-modification payment terms of the loans due to noncompliance with the terms of the modified loans. The remaining $41 million and $48 million at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively, of these loans are to borrowers who have successfully completed a short-term modification program. The Firm continues to report these loans as TDRs since the borrowers’ credit lines remain closed.
(e)
Predominantly all impaired credit card loans are in the U.S.
The following table presents average balances of impaired credit card loans and interest income recognized on those loans.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

Average impaired credit card loans
$
1,212

$
1,345

 
$
1,220

$
1,390

Interest income on impaired credit card loans
15

16

 
29

33

Loan modifications
The Firm may modify loans to credit card borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty. Most of these loans have been modified under programs that involve placing the customer on a fixed payment plan with a reduced interest rate, generally for 60 months. All of these credit card loan modifications are considered to be TDRs. New enrollments in these loan modification programs were $176 million and $141 million, for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $361 million and $300 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. For additional information about credit card loan modifications, see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
 
Financial effects of modifications and redefaults
The following table provides information about the financial effects of the concessions granted on credit card loans modified in TDRs and redefaults for the periods presented.
(in millions, except
weighted-average data)
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

Weighted-average interest rate of loans –
before TDR
16.55
%
15.61
%
 
16.35
%
15.54
%
Weighted-average interest rate of loans –
after TDR
4.80

4.85

 
4.78

4.82

Loans that redefaulted within one year of modification(a)
$
24

$
18

 
$
45

$
37

(a)
Represents loans modified in TDRs that experienced a payment default in the periods presented, and for which the payment default occurred within one year of the modification. The amounts presented represent the balance of such loans as of the end of the quarter in which they defaulted.
For credit card loans modified in TDRs, payment default is deemed to have occurred when the loans become two payments past due. A substantial portion of these loans is expected to be charged-off in accordance with the Firm’s standard charge-off policy. Based on historical experience, the estimated weighted-average default rate for modified credit card loans was expected to be 30.70% and 28.87% as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively.

135


Wholesale loan portfolio
Wholesale loans include loans made to a variety of customers, ranging from large corporate and institutional clients to high-net-worth individuals. The primary credit quality indicator for wholesale loans is the risk rating
 
assigned to each loan. For further information on these risk ratings, see Note 14 and Note 15 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.

The table below provides information by class of receivable for the retained loans in the Wholesale portfolio segment.
Effective in the first quarter of 2017, the Firm revised its methodology for the assignment of industry classifications, to better monitor and manage concentrations. This largely resulted in the re-assignment of holding companies from Other to the industry of risk category based on the primary business activity of the holding company’s underlying companies or enterprises. In the tables below, the prior period amounts have been revised to conform with the current period presentation.
 
Commercial
 and industrial
 
Real estate
 
Financial
institutions
Government agencies
 
Other(d)
Total
retained loans
(in millions,
 except ratios)
Jun 30,
2017
Dec 31,
2016
 
Jun 30,
2017
Dec 31,
2016
 
Jun 30,
2017
Dec 31,
2016
Jun 30,
2017
Dec 31,
2016
 
Jun 30,
2017
Dec 31,
2016
Jun 30,
2017
Dec 31,
2016
Loans by risk ratings
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Investment-grade
$
68,142

$
65,687

 
$
93,465

$
88,649

 
$
23,705

$
24,294

$
15,601

$
15,935

 
$
101,773

$
95,358

$
302,686

$
289,923

Noninvestment-grade:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noncriticized
46,729

47,531

 
15,461

16,155

 
11,630

11,075

393

439

 
9,383

9,360

83,596

84,560

Criticized performing
5,270

6,186

 
826

798

 
320

200


6

 
94

163

6,510

7,353

Criticized nonaccrual
1,176

1,491

 
152

200

 
30

9



 
276

254

1,634

1,954

Total noninvestment-
grade
53,175

55,208

 
16,439

17,153

 
11,980

11,284

393

445

 
9,753

9,777

91,740

93,867

Total retained loans
$
121,317

$
120,895

 
$
109,904

$
105,802

 
$
35,685

$
35,578

$
15,994

$
16,380

 
$
111,526

$
105,135

$
394,426

$
383,790

% of total criticized exposure to
total retained loans
5.31
%
6.35
%
 
0.89
%
0.94
%
 
0.98
%
0.59
%
%
0.04
%
 
0.33
%
0.40
%
2.06
%
2.43
%
% of criticized nonaccrual
to total retained loans
0.97

1.23

 
0.14

0.19

 
0.08

0.03



 
0.25

0.24

0.41

0.51

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans by geographic
distribution(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total non-U.S.
$
29,631

$
30,563

 
$
2,936

$
3,302

 
$
15,165

$
15,147

$
3,634

$
3,726

 
$
41,987

$
38,776

$
93,353

$
91,514

Total U.S.
91,686

90,332

 
106,968

102,500

 
20,520

20,431

12,360

12,654

 
69,539

66,359

301,073

292,276

Total retained loans
$
121,317

$
120,895

 
$
109,904

$
105,802

 
$
35,685

$
35,578

$
15,994

$
16,380

 
$
111,526

$
105,135

$
394,426

$
383,790

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan delinquency(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current and less than
30 days past due and still accruing
$
119,863

$
119,050

 
$
109,612

$
105,396

 
$
35,565

$
35,523

$
15,988

$
16,269

 
$
110,313

$
104,280

$
391,341

$
380,518

30–89 days past due
and still accruing
192

268

 
130

204

 
74

25

1

107

 
932

582

1,329

1,186

90 or more days
past due and
still accruing(c)
86

86

 
10

2

 
16

21

5

4

 
5

19

122

132

Criticized nonaccrual
1,176

1,491

 
152

200

 
30

9



 
276

254

1,634

1,954

Total retained loans
$
121,317

$
120,895

 
$
109,904

$
105,802

 
$
35,685

$
35,578

$
15,994

$
16,380

 
$
111,526

$
105,135

$
394,426

$
383,790

(a)
The U.S. and non-U.S. distribution is determined based predominantly on the domicile of the borrower.
(b)
The credit quality of wholesale loans is assessed primarily through ongoing review and monitoring of an obligor’s ability to meet contractual obligations rather than relying on the past due status, which is generally a lagging indicator of credit quality. For further discussion, see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
(c)
Represents loans that are considered well-collateralized and therefore still accruing interest.
(d)
Includes loans to: individuals; SPEs; and private education and civic organizations. For more information on SPEs, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.

136


The following table presents additional information on the real estate class of loans within the Wholesale portfolio segment for the periods indicated. For further information on real estate loans, see Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.

(in millions, except ratios)
Multifamily
 
Other commercial
 
Total real estate loans
Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016

 
Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016

 
Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016

Real estate retained loans
$
75,542

$
72,143

 
$
34,362

$
33,659

 
$
109,904

$
105,802

Criticized exposure
457

539

 
521

459

 
978

998

% of total criticized exposure to total real estate retained loans
0.60
%
0.75
%
 
1.52
%
1.36
%
 
0.89
%
0.94
%
Criticized nonaccrual
$
45

$
57

 
$
107

$
143

 
$
152

$
200

% of criticized nonaccrual loans to total real estate retained loans
0.06
%
0.08
%
 
0.31
%
0.42
%
 
0.14
%
0.19
%

Wholesale impaired loans and loan modifications
Wholesale impaired loans consist of loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status and/or that have been modified in a TDR. All impaired loans are evaluated for an asset-specific allowance as described in Note 15 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
The table below sets forth information about the Firm’s wholesale impaired loans.

(in millions)
Commercial
and industrial
 
Real estate
 
Financial
institutions
 
Government
 agencies
 
Other
 
Total
retained loans
 
Jun 30,
2017
Dec 31,
2016
 
Jun 30,
2017
Dec 31,
2016
 
Jun 30,
2017
Dec 31,
2016
 
Jun 30,
2017
Dec 31,
2016
 
Jun 30,
2017
Dec 31,
2016
 
Jun 30,
2017
 
Dec 31,
2016
 
Impaired loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
With an allowance
$
942

$
1,127

 
$
84

$
124

 
$
5

$
9

 
$

$

 
$
211

$
180

 
$
1,242

 
$
1,440

 
Without an allowance(a)
369

414

 
75

87

 
9


 


 
65

76

 
518

 
577

 
Total impaired loans
$
1,311

$
1,541

 
$
159

$
211

 
$
14

$
9

 
$

$

 
$
276

$
256

 
$
1,760

(c) 
$
2,017

(c) 
Allowance for loan losses related to impaired loans
$
259

$
260

 
$
9

$
18

 
$
14

$
3

 
$

$

 
$
63

$
61

 
$
345

 
$
342

 
Unpaid principal balance of impaired loans(b)
1,566

1,754

 
237

295

 
14

12

 


 
214

284

 
2,031

 
2,345

 
(a)
When the discounted cash flows, collateral value or market price equals or exceeds the recorded investment in the loan, the loan does not require an allowance. This typically occurs when the impaired loans have been partially charged-off and/or there have been interest payments received and applied to the loan balance.
(b)
Represents the contractual amount of principal owed at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016. The unpaid principal balance differs from the impaired loan balances due to various factors, including charge-offs; interest payments received and applied to the carrying value; net deferred loan fees or costs; and unamortized discount or premiums on purchased loans.
(c)
Based upon the domicile of the borrower, largely consists of loans in the U.S.
The following table presents the Firm’s average impaired loans for the periods indicated.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

Commercial and industrial
$
868

$
1,704

 
$
982

$
1,413

Real estate
149

235

 
161

234

Financial institutions
4

11

 
4

11

Government agencies


 


Other
209

194

 
205

189

Total(a)
$
1,230

$
2,144

 
$
1,352

$
1,847

(a)
The related interest income on accruing impaired loans and interest income recognized on a cash basis were not material for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.
 
Certain loan modifications are considered to be TDRs as they provide various concessions to borrowers who are experiencing financial difficulty. All TDRs are reported as impaired loans in the tables above. TDRs were $745 million and $733 million as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively.


137


Note 12 – Allowance for credit losses
For detailed discussion of the allowance for credit losses and the related accounting policies, see Note 15 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report. During the second quarter of 2017, the Firm refined its loss estimates relating to the wholesale portfolio by incorporating the use of internal historical data versus external credit rating agency default statistics to estimate PD. In addition, an adjustment to the modeled loss estimates for wholesale lending-related commitments was incorporated similar to the adjustment applied for wholesale loans. The impacts of these refinements were not material to the allowance for credit losses.
Allowance for credit losses and related information
The table below summarizes information about the allowances for loan losses and lending-related commitments, and includes a breakdown of loans and lending-related commitments by impairment methodology.
 
2017
 
2016
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
 
Wholesale
Total
 
Consumer, excluding credit card
Credit card
 
Wholesale
Total
Allowance for loan losses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance at January 1,
$
5,198

$
4,034

 
$
4,544

$
13,776

 
5,806

$
3,434

 
$
4,315

$
13,555

Gross charge-offs
1,105

2,223

 
99

3,427

 
688

1,874

 
228

2,790

Gross recoveries
(307
)
(193
)
 
(69
)
(569
)
 
(301
)
(184
)
 
(14
)
(499
)
Net charge-offs/(recoveries)
798

2,030

 
30

2,858

 
387

1,690

 
214

2,291

Write-offs of PCI loans(a)
46


 

46

 
88


 

88

Provision for loan losses
448

2,380

 
(337
)
2,491

 
316

1,940

 
796

3,052

Other
(2
)

 
2


 
(1
)

 

(1
)
Ending balance at June 30,
$
4,800

$
4,384

 
$
4,179

$
13,363

 
$
5,646

$
3,684

 
$
4,897

$
14,227

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for loan losses by impairment methodology
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-specific(b)
$
296

$
370

(c) 
$
345

$
1,011

 
$
365

$
361

(c) 
$
525

$
1,251

Formula-based
2,239

4,014

 
3,834

10,087

 
2,627

3,323

 
4,372

10,322

PCI
2,265


 

2,265

 
2,654


 

2,654

Total allowance for loan losses
$
4,800

$
4,384

 
$
4,179

$
13,363

 
$
5,646

$
3,684

 
$
4,897

$
14,227

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans by impairment methodology
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-specific
$
8,340

$
1,204

 
$
1,760

$
11,304

 
$
9,370

$
1,307

 
$
2,149

$
12,826

Formula-based
323,711

138,831

 
392,663

855,205

 
313,320

130,200

 
372,021

815,541

PCI
33,064


 
3

33,067

 
38,360


 
4

38,364

Total retained loans
$
365,115

$
140,035

 
$
394,426

$
899,576

 
$
361,050

$
131,507

 
$
374,174

$
866,731

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Impaired collateral-dependent loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net charge-offs
$
36

$

 
$
16

$
52

 
$
43

$

 
$
5

$
48

Loans measured at fair value of collateral less cost to sell
2,234


 
296

2,530

 
2,431


 
295

2,726

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for lending-related commitments
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance at January 1,
$
26

$

 
$
1,052

$
1,078

 
$
14

$

 
$
772

$
786

Provision for lending-related commitments
6


 
33

39

 


 
174

174

Other


 


 


 


Ending balance at June 30,
$
32

$

 
$
1,085

$
1,117

 
$
14

$

 
$
946

$
960

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-specific
$

$

 
$
211

$
211

 
$

$

 
$
143

$
143

Formula-based
32


 
874

906

 
14


 
803

817

Total allowance for lending-related commitments
$
32

$

 
$
1,085

$
1,117

 
$
14

$

 
$
946

$
960

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Asset-specific
$

$

 
$
750

$
750

 
$

$

 
$
460

$
460

Formula-based
58,162

576,264

 
365,748

1,000,174

 
59,224

539,105

 
356,685

955,014

Total lending-related commitments
$
58,162

$
576,264

 
$
366,498

$
1,000,924

 
$
59,224

$
539,105

 
$
357,145

$
955,474

Note: In the first quarter of 2017, the Firm transferred the student loan portfolio to held-for-sale. For additional information see Note 23.
(a)
Write-offs of PCI loans are recorded against the allowance for loan losses when actual losses for a pool exceed estimated losses that were recorded as purchase accounting adjustments at the time of acquisition. A write-off of a PCI loan is recognized when the underlying loan is removed from a pool (e.g., upon liquidation).
(b)
Includes risk-rated loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status and loans that have been modified in a TDR.
(c)
The asset-specific credit card allowance for loan losses is related to loans that have been modified in a TDR; such allowance is calculated based on the loans’ original contractual interest rates and does not consider any incremental penalty rates.

138


Note 13 – Variable interest entities
For a further description of JPMorgan Chase’s accounting policies regarding consolidation of VIEs, see Note 1 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
The following table summarizes the most significant types of Firm-sponsored VIEs by business segment.
Line of Business
Transaction Type
Activity
Form 10-Q page reference
CCB
Credit card securitization trusts
Securitization of both originated and purchased credit card receivables
139
 
Mortgage securitization trusts
Servicing and securitization of both originated and purchased residential mortgages
139–141
CIB
Mortgage and other securitization trusts
Securitization of both originated and purchased residential and commercial mortgages, and student loans
139–141
 
Multi-seller conduits
Investor intermediation activities
Assist clients in accessing the financial markets in a cost-efficient manner and structures transactions to meet investor needs
141
The Firm also invests in and provides financing and other services to VIEs sponsored by third parties, as described on page 141 of this Note.
Significant Firm-sponsored VIEs
Credit card securitizations
For a more detailed discussion of JPMorgan Chase’s involvement with credit card securitizations, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
As a result of the Firm’s continuing involvement, the Firm is considered to be the primary beneficiary of its Firm-sponsored credit card securitization trusts, including its primary vehicle, the Chase Issuance Trust. See the table on page 142 of this Note for further information on consolidated VIE assets and liabilities.
 
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other securitization trusts
The Firm securitizes (or has securitized) originated and purchased residential mortgages, commercial mortgages and other consumer loans (including student loans) primarily in its CCB and CIB businesses. Depending on the particular transaction, as well as the respective business involved, the Firm may act as the servicer of the loans and/or retain certain beneficial interests in the securitization trusts.
For a detailed discussion of the Firm’s involvement with Firm-sponsored mortgage and other securitization trusts, as well as the accounting treatment relating to such trusts, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.

139


The following table presents the total unpaid principal amount of assets held in Firm-sponsored private-label securitization entities, including those in which the Firm has continuing involvement, and those that are consolidated by the Firm. Continuing involvement includes servicing the loans, holding senior interests or subordinated interests, recourse or guarantee arrangements, and derivative transactions. In certain instances, the Firm’s only continuing involvement is servicing the loans. See Securitization activity on page 143 of this Note for further information regarding the Firm’s cash flows with and interests retained in nonconsolidated VIEs, and page 143 of this Note for information on the Firm’s loan sales to U.S. government agencies.
 
Principal amount outstanding
 
JPMorgan Chase interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs(c)(d)(e)
June 30, 2017 (in millions)
Total assets held by securitization VIEs
Assets
held in consolidated securitization VIEs
Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement
 
Trading assets
AFS securities
Total interests held by JPMorgan
Chase
Securitization-related(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs
$
71,894

$
3,927

$
54,473

 
$
209

$
1,121

$
1,330

Subprime
20,241


18,758

 
99


99

Commercial and other(b)
93,625

95

65,915

 
605

1,553

2,158

Total
$
185,760

$
4,022

$
139,146

 
$
913

$
2,674

$
3,587

 
Principal amount outstanding
 
JPMorgan Chase interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs(c)(d)(e)
December 31, 2016 (in millions)
Total assets held by securitization VIEs
Assets
held in consolidated securitization VIEs
Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement
 
Trading assets
AFS securities
Total interests held by
JPMorgan
Chase
Securitization-related(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs
$
76,789

$
4,209

$
57,543

 
$
226

$
1,334

$
1,560

Subprime
21,542


19,903

 
76


76

Commercial and other(b)
101,265

107

71,464

 
509

2,064

2,573

Total
$
199,596

$
4,316

$
148,910

 
$
811

$
3,398

$
4,209

(a)
Excludes U.S. government agency securitizations and re-securitizations, which are not Firm-sponsored. See page 143 of this Note for information on the Firm’s loan sales to U.S. government agencies.
(b)
Consists of securities backed by commercial loans (predominantly real estate) and non-mortgage-related consumer receivables purchased from third parties.
(c)
Excludes the following: retained servicing (see Note 14 for a discussion of MSRs); securities retained from loan sales to U.S. government agencies; interest rate and foreign exchange derivatives primarily used to manage interest rate and foreign exchange risks of securitization entities (See Note 4 for further information on derivatives); senior and subordinated securities of $119 million and $44 million, respectively, at June 30, 2017, and $180 million and $49 million, respectively, at December 31, 2016, which the Firm purchased in connection with CIB’s secondary market-making activities.
(d)
Includes interests held in re-securitization transactions.
(e)
As of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, 63% and 61%, respectively, of the Firm’s retained securitization interests, which are carried at fair value and include amounts required to be held pursuant to credit risk retention rules, were risk-rated “A” or better, on an S&P-equivalent basis. The retained interests in prime residential mortgages consisted of $1.3 billion and $1.5 billion of investment-grade and $37 million and $77 million of noninvestment-grade retained interests at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively. The retained interests in commercial and other securitizations trusts consisted of $1.9 billion and $2.4 billion of investment-grade and $242 million and $210 million of noninvestment-grade retained interests at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively.

140


Residential mortgage
The Firm securitizes residential mortgage loans originated by CCB, as well as residential mortgage loans purchased from third parties by either CCB or CIB. For a more detailed description of the Firm’s involvement with residential mortgage securitizations, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report. See the table on page 142 of this Note for more information on the consolidated residential mortgage securitizations, and the table on the previous page of this Note for further information on interests held in nonconsolidated residential mortgage securitizations.
Commercial mortgages and other consumer securitizations
CIB originates and securitizes commercial mortgage loans, and engages in underwriting and trading activities involving the securities issued by securitization trusts. For a more detailed description of the Firm’s involvement with commercial mortgage and other consumer securitizations, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report. See the table on page 142 of this Note for more information on the consolidated commercial mortgage securitizations, and the table on the previous page of this Note for further information on interests held in nonconsolidated securitizations.
Re-securitizations
For a more detailed description of JPMorgan Chase’s participation in certain re-securitization transactions, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
The following table represents the transfers of securities to re-securitization VIEs.
 
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended
June 30,
(in millions)
2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Transfers of securities to VIEs
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Firm-sponsored private-label
$

 
$
144

 
$

 
$
144

Agency
$
1,462

 
$
3,494

 
$
4,686

 
$
6,350

The following table represents information on nonconsolidated re-securitization VIEs.
 
Nonconsolidated
re-securitization VIEs
(in millions)
June 30, 2017

 
December 31, 2016

Firm-sponsored private-label
 
 
 
Assets held in VIEs with continuing involvement(a)
$
651

 
$
875

Interest in VIEs
31

 
43

Agency
 
 
 
Interest in VIEs
1,876

 
1,986

(a)
Includes the notional amount of interest-only securities.
As of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, the Firm did not consolidate any Firm-sponsored private-label re-securitizations and agency re-securitizations.


 
Multi-seller conduits
For a more detailed description of JPMorgan Chase’s principal involvement with Firm-administered multi-seller conduits, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
In the normal course of business, JPMorgan Chase makes markets in and invests in commercial paper issued by the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits. The Firm held $22.1 billion and $21.2 billion of the commercial paper issued by the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016 respectively, which have been eliminated in consolidation. The Firm’s investments reflect the Firm’s funding needs and capacity and were not driven by market illiquidity. Other than the amounts required to be held pursuant to credit risk retention rules, the Firm is not obligated under any agreement to purchase the commercial paper issued by the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits.
Deal-specific liquidity facilities, program-wide liquidity and credit enhancement provided by the Firm have been eliminated in consolidation. The Firm or the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits provide lending-related commitments to certain clients of the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits. The unfunded commitments were $8.2 billion and $7.4 billion at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively, and are reported as off-balance sheet lending-related commitments. For more information on off-balance sheet lending-related commitments, see Note 19.
VIEs associated with investor intermediation activities
Municipal bond vehicles
For a more detailed description of JPMorgan Chase’s investor intermediation activities, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
The Firm’s maximum exposure as a liquidity provider to nonconsolidated Firm-sponsored municipal bond VIEs at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, was $161 million and $662 million, respectively.
VIEs sponsored by third parties
The Firm enters into transactions with VIEs structured by other parties. These include, for example, acting as a derivative counterparty, liquidity provider, investor, underwriter, placement agent, remarketing agent, trustee or custodian. These transactions are conducted at arm’s-length, and individual credit decisions are based on the analysis of the specific VIE, taking into consideration the quality of the underlying assets. Where the Firm does not have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, or a variable interest that could potentially be significant, the Firm records and reports these positions on its Consolidated balance sheets in the same manner it would record and report positions in respect of any other third-party transaction.

141


Consolidated VIE assets and liabilities
The following table presents information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs consolidated by the Firm as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016.
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
June 30, 2017 (in millions)
Trading assets
Loans

Other(d) 

 Total
assets(e)
 
Beneficial interests in
VIE assets(f)
Other(g)

Total
liabilities
VIE program type(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Firm-sponsored credit card trusts
$

$
41,997

$
711

$
42,708

 
$
25,732

$
17

$
25,749

Firm-administered multi-seller conduits
2

25,039

43

25,084

 
2,928

29

2,957

Municipal bond vehicles
2,534


6

2,540

 
1,693

2

1,695

Mortgage securitization entities(b)
90

3,976

72

4,138

 
406

273

679

Student loan securitization entities(c)




 



Other
62


1,987

2,049

 
139

106

245

Total
$
2,688

$
71,012

$
2,819

$
76,519

 
$
30,898

$
427

$
31,325

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
Liabilities
December 31, 2016 (in millions)
Trading assets
Loans

Other(d) 

 Total
assets(e)
 
Beneficial interests in
VIE assets(f)
Other(g)

Total
liabilities
VIE program type(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Firm-sponsored credit card trusts
$

$
45,919

$
790

$
46,709

 
$
31,181

$
18

$
31,199

Firm-administered multi-seller conduits

23,760

43

23,803

 
2,719

33

2,752

Municipal bond vehicles
2,897


8

2,905

 
2,969

2

2,971

Mortgage securitization entities(b)
143

4,246

103

4,492

 
468

313

781

Student loan securitization entities(c)

1,689

59

1,748

 
1,527

4

1,531

Other
145


2,318

2,463

 
183

120

303

Total
$
3,185

$
75,614

$
3,321

$
82,120

 
$
39,047

$
490

$
39,537

(a)
Excludes intercompany transactions which are eliminated in consolidation.
(b)
Includes residential and commercial mortgage securitizations as well as re-securitizations.
(c)
The Firm deconsolidated the student loan securitization entities in the second quarter of 2017 as it no longer had a controlling financial interest in these entities as a result of the sale of the student loan portfolio. For additional information see Note 23.
(d)
Includes assets classified as cash and other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets.
(e)
The assets of the consolidated VIEs included in the program types above are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. The difference between total assets and total liabilities recognized for consolidated VIEs represents the Firm’s interest in the consolidated VIEs for each program type.
(f)
The interest-bearing beneficial interest liabilities issued by consolidated VIEs are classified in the line item on the Consolidated balance sheets titled, “Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs.” The holders of these beneficial interests do not have recourse to the general credit of JPMorgan Chase. Included in beneficial interests in VIE assets are long-term beneficial interests of $26.3 billion and $33.4 billion at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively. The maturities of the long-term beneficial interests as of June 30, 2017, were as follows: $10.6 billion under one year, $14.5 billion between one and five years, and $1.2 billion over five years.
(g)
Includes liabilities classified as accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
Loan securitizations
The Firm has securitized and sold a variety of loans, including residential mortgage, credit card, student and commercial (primarily related to real estate) loans. For a further description of the Firm’s accounting policies regarding securitizations, see Note 16 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.

142


Securitization activity
The following table provides information related to the Firm’s securitization activities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, related to assets held in Firm-sponsored securitization entities that were not consolidated by the Firm, and where sale accounting was achieved based on the accounting rules in effect at the time of the securitization.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
(in millions)
Residential mortgage(c)
Commercial and other(d)
 
Residential mortgage(c)
Commercial and other(d)
 
Residential mortgage(c)
Commercial and other(d)
 
Residential mortgage(c)
Commercial and other(d)
Principal securitized
$
1,020

$
1,997

 
$
413

$
1,034

 
$
2,049

$
3,312

 
$
413

$
2,358

All cash flows during the period(a):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from loan sales as securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Level 2
$
1,048

$
2,029

 
$
413

$
1,062

 
$
2,083

$
3,377

 
$
413

$
2,373

Level 3
$

$

 
$

$
2

 
$

$

 
$

$
2

Total proceeds received from loan sales
$
1,048

$
2,029

 
$
413

$
1,064

 
$
2,083

$
3,377

 
$
413

$
2,375

Servicing fees collected
134

1

 
111

1

 
267

2

 
223

1

Purchases of previously transferred financial assets (or the underlying collateral)(b)
1


 


 
1


 
37


Cash flows received on interests
128

206

 
111

307

 
259

541

 
205

580

(a)
Excludes re-securitization transactions.
(b)
Includes cash paid by the Firm to reacquire assets from off–balance sheet, nonconsolidated entities – for example, loan repurchases due to representation and warranties and servicer clean-up calls.
(c)
Includes prime, Alt-A, subprime, and option ARMs. Excludes certain loan securitization transactions entered into with Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
(d)
Includes commercial mortgage and student loan securitizations.

Loans and excess MSRs sold to U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, loans in securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines, and other third-party-sponsored securitization entities
In addition to the amounts reported in the securitization activity tables above, the Firm, in the normal course of business, sells originated and purchased mortgage loans and certain originated excess MSRs on a nonrecourse basis, predominantly to U.S. government-sponsored enterprises (“U.S. GSEs”). These loans and excess MSRs are sold primarily for the purpose of securitization by the U.S. GSEs, who provide certain guarantee provisions (e.g., credit enhancement of the loans). The Firm also sells loans into securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines; these loans are typically insured or guaranteed by another U.S. government agency. The Firm does not consolidate the securitization vehicles underlying these transactions as it is not the primary beneficiary. For a limited number of loan sales, the Firm is obligated to share a portion of the credit risk associated with the sold loans with the purchaser. See Note 19 of this Form 10-Q, and Note 29 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report for additional information about the Firm’s loan sales- and securitization-related indemnifications. See Note 14 for additional information about the impact of the Firm’s sale of certain excess MSRs. The following table summarizes the activities related to loans sold to the U.S. GSEs, loans in securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines, and other third-party-sponsored securitization entities.
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
2017

2016

 
2017
2016
Carrying value of loans sold
$
11,711

$
8,824

 
$
28,880

$
17,836

Proceeds received from loan sales as cash
4

234

 
13

238

Proceeds received from loan sales as securities(a)
11,602

8,548

 
28,589

17,503

Total proceeds received from loan sales(b)
$
11,606

$
8,782

 
$
28,602

$
17,741

Gains on loan sales(c)(d)
$
42

$
64

 
$
73

$
114

(a)
Predominantly includes securities from U.S. GSEs and Ginnie Mae that are generally sold shortly after receipt.
(b)
Excludes the value of MSRs retained upon the sale of loans.
(c)
Gains on loan sales include the value of MSRs.
(d)
The carrying value of the loans accounted for at fair value approximated the proceeds received upon loan sale.

143


Options to repurchase delinquent loans
In addition to the Firm’s obligation to repurchase certain loans due to material breaches of representations and warranties as discussed in Note 20, the Firm also has the option to repurchase delinquent loans that it services for Ginnie Mae loan pools, as well as for other U.S. government agencies under certain arrangements. The Firm typically elects to repurchase delinquent loans from Ginnie Mae loan pools as it continues to service them and/or manage the foreclosure process in accordance with the applicable requirements, and such loans continue to be insured or guaranteed. When the Firm’s repurchase option becomes exercisable, such loans must be reported on the Consolidated balance sheets as a loan with a corresponding liability. For additional information, refer to Note 11 of this Form 10-Q and Note 14 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
 
The following table presents loans the Firm repurchased or had an option to repurchase, real estate owned, and foreclosed government-guaranteed residential mortgage loans recognized on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. Substantially all of these loans and real estate are insured or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies.
(in millions)
June 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016

Loans repurchased or option to repurchase(a)
$
8,744

$
9,556

Real estate owned
105

142

Foreclosed government-guaranteed residential mortgage loans(b)
762

1,007

(a)
Predominantly all of these amounts relate to loans that have been repurchased from Ginnie Mae loan pools.
(b)
Relates to voluntary repurchases of loans, which are included in accrued interest and accounts receivable.

Loan delinquencies and liquidation losses
The table below includes information about components of nonconsolidated securitized financial assets held in Firm-sponsored private-label securitization entities, in which the Firm has continuing involvement, and delinquencies as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016.
 
 
 
 
 
Liquidation losses
 
Securitized assets
 
90 days past due
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016

 
Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016

 
2017

2016

 
2017
2016
Securitized loans
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Residential mortgage:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prime / Alt-A & option ARMs
$
54,473

$
57,543

 
$
5,385

$
6,169

 
$
226

$
318

 
$
438

$
658

Subprime
18,758

19,903

 
3,662

4,186

 
201

296

 
376

618

Commercial and other
65,915

71,464

 
1,632

1,755

 
5

93

 
57

486

Total loans securitized
$
139,146

$
148,910

 
$
10,679

$
12,110

 
$
432

$
707

 
$
871

$
1,762


144


Note 14 – Goodwill and Mortgage servicing rights
For a discussion of the accounting policies related to goodwill and mortgage servicing rights, see Note 17 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
Goodwill
The following table presents goodwill attributed to the business segments.
(in millions)
June 30,
2017

December 31,
2016

Consumer & Community Banking
$
30,806

$
30,797

Corporate & Investment Bank
6,775

6,772

Commercial Banking
2,861

2,861

Asset & Wealth Management
6,858

6,858

Total goodwill
$
47,300

$
47,288

The following table presents changes in the carrying amount of goodwill.
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended
June 30,
(in millions)
2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

Balance at beginning
of period
$
47,292

 
$
47,310

 
$
47,288

 
$
47,325

Changes during the period from:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dispositions(a)

 

 


(71
)
Other(b)
8

 
(7
)
 
12

 
49

Balance at June 30,
$
47,300

 
$
47,303

 
$
47,300

 
$
47,303

(a)
During the six months ended June 30, 2016, represents AWM goodwill, which was disposed of as part of AWM sales completed in March 2016.
(b)
Includes foreign currency translation adjustments and other tax-related adjustments.
 
Goodwill Impairment testing
For further description of the Firm’s goodwill impairment testing, including the primary method used to estimate the fair value of the reporting units, and the assumptions used in the goodwill impairment test, see Impairment testing on pages 240–241 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
Goodwill was not impaired at June 30, 2017, or December 31, 2016, nor was goodwill written off due to impairment during the six months ended June 30, 2017 or 2016.
Declines in business performance, increases in credit losses, increases in equity capital requirements, as well as deterioration in economic or market conditions, estimates of adverse regulatory or legislative changes or increases in the estimated market cost of equity, could cause the estimated fair values of the Firm’s reporting units or their associated goodwill to decline in the future, which could result in a material impairment charge to earnings in a future period related to some portion of the associated goodwill.

145


Mortgage servicing rights
MSRs represent the fair value of expected future cash flows for performing servicing activities for others. The fair value considers estimated future servicing fees and ancillary revenue, offset by estimated costs to service the loans, and generally declines over time as net servicing cash flows are received, effectively amortizing the MSR asset against contractual servicing and ancillary fee income. MSRs are either purchased from third parties or recognized upon sale or securitization of mortgage loans if servicing is retained. For a further description of the MSR asset, interest rate risk management, and the valuation of MSRs, see Note 17 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report and Note 2 of this Form 10-Q.
The following table summarizes MSR activity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.
 
As of or for the three months
ended June 30,
 
As of or for the six months
ended June 30,
 
(in millions, except where otherwise noted)
2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

 
Fair value at beginning of period
$
6,079

 
$
5,658

 
$
6,096

 
$
6,608

 
MSR activity:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Originations of MSRs
154

 
113

 
371

 
220

 
Purchase of MSRs

 

 

 

 
Disposition of MSRs(a)
(67
)
 
(3
)
 
(138
)
 
(67
)
 
Net additions
87

 
110

 
233

 
153

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows
(213
)
 
(239
)
 
(419
)
 
(480
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in valuation due to inputs and assumptions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes due to market interest rates and other(b)
(178
)
 
(433
)
 
(121
)
 
(1,195
)
 
Changes in valuation due to other inputs and assumptions:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Projected cash flows (e.g., cost to service)
2

 
(14
)
 
14

 
(7
)
 
Discount rates
(7
)
 

 
(19
)
 
7

 
Prepayment model changes and other(c)
(17
)
 
(10
)
 
(31
)
 
(14
)
 
Total changes in valuation due to other inputs and assumptions
(22
)
 
(24
)
 
(36
)
 
(14
)
 
Total changes in valuation due to inputs and assumptions
(200
)
 
(457
)
 
(157
)
 
(1,209
)
 
Fair value at June 30,
$
5,753

 
$
5,072

 
$
5,753

 
$
5,072

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) included in income related to MSRs held at June 30,
$
(200
)
 
$
(457
)
 
$
(157
)
 
$
(1,209
)
 
Contractual service fees, late fees and other ancillary fees included in income
477

 
545

 
964

 
1,106

 
Third-party mortgage loans serviced at June 30, (in billions)
569

 
632

 
569

 
632

 
Net servicer advances at June 30, (in billions)(d)
4.1

 
5.6

 
4.1

 
5.6

 
(a)
Includes excess MSRs transferred to agency-sponsored trusts in exchange for stripped mortgage backed securities (“SMBS”). In each transaction, a portion of the SMBS was acquired by third parties at the transaction date; the Firm acquired the remaining balance of those SMBS as trading securities.
(b)
Represents both the impact of changes in estimated future prepayments due to changes in market interest rates, and the difference between actual and expected prepayments.
(c)
Represents changes in prepayments other than those attributable to changes in market interest rates.
(d)
Represents amounts the Firm pays as the servicer (e.g., scheduled principal and interest, taxes and insurance), which will generally be reimbursed within a short period of time after the advance from future cash flows from the trust or the underlying loans. The Firm’s credit risk associated with these servicer advances is minimal because reimbursement of the advances is typically senior to all cash payments to investors. In addition, the Firm maintains the right to stop payment to investors if the collateral is insufficient to cover the advance. However, certain of these servicer advances may not be recoverable if they were not made in accordance with applicable rules and agreements.

146


The following table presents the components of mortgage fees and related income (including the impact of MSR risk management activities) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
 
2017

 
2016

 
2017

 
2016

CCB mortgage fees and related income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net production revenue
 
$
152

 
$
261

 
$
293

 
$
423

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net mortgage servicing revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating revenue:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loan servicing revenue
 
518

 
593

 
1,040

 
1,209

Changes in MSR asset fair value due to collection/realization of expected cash flows
 
(212
)
 
(238
)
 
(417
)
 
(478
)
Total operating revenue
 
306

 
355

 
623

 
731

Risk management:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Changes in MSR asset fair value due to market interest rates and other(a)
 
(178
)
 
(433
)
 
(121
)
 
(1,195
)
Other changes in MSR asset fair value due to other inputs and assumptions in model(b)
 
(22
)
 
(24
)
 
(36
)
 
(14
)
Change in derivative fair value and other
 
143

 
530

 
48

 
1,411

Total risk management
 
(57
)
 
73

 
(109
)
 
202

Total net mortgage servicing revenue
 
249

 
428

 
514

 
933

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total CCB mortgage fees and related income
 
401

 
689

 
807

 
1,356

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All other
 
3

 

 
3

 

Mortgage fees and related income
 
$
404

 
$
689

 
$
810

 
$
1,356

(a)
Represents both the impact of changes in estimated future prepayments due to changes in market interest rates, and the difference between actual and expected prepayments.
(b)
Represents the aggregate impact of changes in model inputs and assumptions such as projected cash flows (e.g., cost to service), discount rates and changes in prepayments other than those attributable to changes in market interest rates (e.g., changes in prepayments due to changes in home prices).
The table below outlines the key economic assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Firm’s MSRs at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, and outlines the sensitivities of those fair values to immediate adverse changes in those assumptions, as defined below.
(in millions, except rates)
Jun 30,
2017

 
Dec 31,
2016

Weighted-average prepayment speed assumption (“CPR”)
9.62
%
 
9.41
%
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change
$
(216
)
 
$
(231
)
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change
(415
)
 
(445
)
Weighted-average option adjusted spread
9.18
%
 
8.55
%
Impact on fair value of a 100 basis point adverse change
$
(232
)
 
$
(248
)
Impact on fair value of a 200 basis point adverse change
(446
)
 
(477
)
CPR: Constant prepayment rate.
 
The sensitivity analysis in the preceding table is hypothetical and should be used with caution. Changes in fair value based on variation in assumptions generally cannot be easily extrapolated, because the relationship of the change in the assumptions to the change in fair value are often highly interrelated and may not be linear. In this table, the effect that a change in a particular assumption may have on the fair value is calculated without changing any other assumption. In reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another, which could either magnify or counteract the impact of the initial change.


147


Note 15 – Deposits
For further discussion on deposits, see Note 19 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
At June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing deposits were as follows.
(in millions)
June 30,
2017

 
December 31, 2016

U.S. offices
 
 
 
Noninterest-bearing
$
394,921

 
$
400,831

Interest-bearing (included $14,285 and $12,245 at fair value)(a) 
781,709

 
737,949

Total deposits in U.S. offices
1,176,630

 
1,138,780

Non-U.S. offices
 
 
 
Noninterest-bearing
17,152

 
14,764

Interest-bearing (included $3,469 and $1,667 at fair value)(a)
245,691

 
221,635

Total deposits in non-U.S. offices
262,843

 
236,399

Total deposits
$
1,439,473

 
$
1,375,179

(a)
Includes structured notes classified as deposits for which the fair value option has been elected. For further discussion, see Note 3 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.

 
Note 16 – Earnings per share
For a discussion of the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (“EPS”), see Note 24 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report. The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.
(in millions, except per share amounts)
Three months ended
June 30,
 
Six months ended
June 30,
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

Basic earnings per share
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
$
7,029

$
6,200

 
$
13,477

$
11,720

Less: Preferred stock dividends
411

411

 
823

823

Net income applicable to common equity
6,618

5,789

 
12,654

10,897

Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities(a)
63

61

 
123

124

Net income applicable to common stockholders(a)
$
6,555

$
5,728

 
$
12,531

$
10,773

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total weighted-average basic shares
  outstanding(a)
3,574.1

3,675.5

 
3,587.9

3,693.0

Net income per share
$
1.83

$
1.56

 
$
3.49

$
2.92

 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted earnings per share
 
 
 
 
 
Net income applicable to common stockholders(a)
$
6,555

$
5,728

 
$
12,531

$
10,773

Total weighted-average basic shares
  outstanding(a)
3,574.1

3,675.5

 
3,587.9

3,693.0

Add: Employee stock options, SARs, warrants and unvested PSUs
24.9

30.7

 
26.8

28.9

Total weighted-average diluted shares outstanding(a)
3,599.0

3,706.2

 
3,614.7

3,721.9

Net income per share
$
1.82

$
1.55

 
$
3.47

$
2.89

(a)
The prior period amounts have been revised to conform with the current period presentation. The revision had no impact on the Firm’s reported earnings per share.

148


Note 17 – Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
AOCI includes the after-tax change in unrealized gains and losses on investment securities, foreign currency translation adjustments (including the impact of related derivatives), cash flow hedging activities, net loss and prior service costs/(credit) related to the Firm’s defined benefit pension and OPEB plans.
 
As of or for the three months ended
June 30, 2017
(in millions)
Unrealized
gains
on investment securities
(b)
 
Translation adjustments, net of hedges
 
Cash flow hedges
 
Defined benefit
pension and
OPEB plans
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
 
 
Balance at April 1, 2017
 
$
1,762

 
 
 
$
(157
)
 
 
 
$
(9
)
 
 
 
$
(2,274
)
 
 
$
(245
)
 
 
$
(923
)
 
 
Net change
 
457

 
 
 

 
 
 
53

 
 
 
19

 
 
2

 
 
531

 
 
Balance at June 30, 2017
 
$
2,219

 
 
 
$
(157
)
 
 
 
$
44

 
 
 
$
(2,255
)
 
 
$
(243
)
 
 
$
(392
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the three months ended
June 30, 2016
(in millions)
Unrealized
gains
on investment securities(b)
 
Translation adjustments, net of hedges
 
Cash flow hedges
 
Defined benefit pension and
OPEB plans
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
 
 
Balance at April 1, 2016
 
$
3,054

 
 
 
$
(164
)
 
 
 
$
(114
)
 
 
 
$
(2,206
)
 
 
$
212

 
 
$
782

 
 
Net change
 
867

 
 
 
3

 
 
 
(87
)
 
 
 
56

 
 
(3
)
 
 
836

 
 
Balance at June 30, 2016
 
$
3,921

 
 
 
$
(161
)
 
 
 
$
(201
)
 
 
 
$
(2,150
)
 
 
$
209

 
 
$
1,618

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the six months ended
June 30, 2017
(in millions)
Unrealized
gains/(losses)
on investment securities
(b)
 
Translation adjustments, net of hedges
 
Cash flow hedges
 
Defined benefit
pension and
OPEB plans
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
 
 
Balance at January 1, 2017
 
$
1,524

 
 
 
$
(164
)
 
 
 
$
(100
)
 
 
 
$
(2,259
)
 
 
$
(176
)
 
 
$
(1,175
)
 
 
Net change
 
695

 
 
 
7

 
 
 
144

 
 
 
4

 
 
(67
)
 
 
783

 
 
Balance at June 30, 2017
 
$
2,219

 
 
 
$
(157
)
 
 
 
$
44

 
 
 
$
(2,255
)
 
 
$
(243
)
 
 
$
(392
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As of or for the six months ended
June 30, 2016
(in millions)
Unrealized
gains/(losses)
on investment securities
(b)
 
Translation adjustments, net of hedges
 
Cash flow hedges
 
Defined benefit pension and
OPEB plans
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
 
 
Balance at January 1, 2016
 
$
2,629

 
 
 
$
(162
)
 
 
 
$
(44
)
 
 
 
$
(2,231
)
 
 
NA

 
 
$
192

 
 
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle(a)
 

 
 
 

 
 
 

 
 
 

 
 
$
154

 
 
154

 
 
Net change
 
1,292

 
 
 
1

 
 
 
(157
)
 
 
 
81

 
 
$
55

 
 
1,272

 
 
Balance at June 30, 2016
 
$
3,921

 
 
 
$
(161
)
 
 
 
$
(201
)
 
 
 
$
(2,150
)
 
 
$
209

 
 
$
1,618

 
(a)
Effective January 1, 2016, the Firm adopted new accounting guidance related to the recognition and measurement of financial liabilities where the fair value option has been elected. This guidance requires the portion of the total change in fair value caused by changes in the Firm’s own credit risk (DVA) to be presented separately in OCI; previously these amounts were recognized in net income.
(b)
Represents the after-tax difference between the fair value and amortized cost of securities accounted for as AFS, including net unamortized unrealized gains and losses related to AFS securities transferred to HTM.



149


The following table presents the pre-tax and after-tax changes in the components of OCI.
 
2017
 
2016
Three months ended June 30, (in millions)
Pre-tax
 
Tax effect
 
After-tax
 
Pre-tax
 
Tax effect
 
After-tax
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period
$
695

 
$
(259
)
 
$
436

 
$
1,408

 
$
(528
)
 
$
880

Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in
net income(a)
34

 
(13
)
 
21

 
(21
)
 
8

 
(13
)
Net change
729

 
(272
)
 
457

 
1,387

 
(520
)
 
867

Translation adjustments(b):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Translation
317

 
(117
)
 
200

 
(10
)
 
4

 
(6
)
Hedges
(319
)
 
119

 
(200
)
 
17

 
(8
)
 
9

Net change
(2
)
 
2

 

 
7

 
(4
)
 
3

Cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period
23

 
(10
)
 
13

 
(187
)
 
70

 
(117
)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in
net income(c)
65

 
(25
)
 
40

 
48

 
(18
)
 
30

Net change
88

 
(35
)
 
53

 
(139
)
 
52

 
(87
)
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gains/(losses) arising during the period
6

 
(2
)
 
4

 
8

 
(3
)
 
5

Reclassification adjustments included in net income(d):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization of net loss
62

 
(23
)
 
39

 
64

 
(25
)
 
39

Prior service costs/(credits)
(9
)
 
4

 
(5
)
 
(9
)
 
3

 
(6
)
Foreign exchange and other
(25
)
 
6

 
(19
)
 
28

 
(10
)
 
18

Net change
34

 
(15
)
 
19

 
91

 
(35
)
 
56

DVA on fair value option elected liabilities, net change:
$
2

 
$

 
$
2

 
$
(4
)
 
$
1

 
$
(3
)
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)
$
851

 
$
(320
)
 
$
531

 
$
1,342

 
$
(506
)
 
$
836

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
Six months ended June 30, (in millions)
Pre-tax
 
Tax effect
 
After-tax
 
Pre-tax
 
Tax effect
 
After-tax
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period
$
1,062

 
$
(390
)
 
$
672

 
$
2,140

 
$
(803
)
 
$
1,337

Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in
net income
(a)
37

 
(14
)
 
23

 
(72
)
 
27

 
(45
)
Net change
1,099

 
(404
)
 
695

 
2,068

 
(776
)
 
1,292

Translation adjustments:(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Translation
899

 
(342
)
 
557

 
579

 
(216
)
 
363

Hedges
(875
)
 
325

 
(550
)
 
(573
)
 
211

 
(362
)
Net change
24

 
(17
)
 
7

 
6

 
(5
)
 
1

Cash flow hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period
82

 
(31
)
 
51

 
(354
)
 
133

 
(221
)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in
net income
(c)
150

 
(57
)
 
93

 
103

 
(39
)
 
64

Net change
232

 
(88
)
 
144

 
(251
)
 
94

 
(157
)
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net gains/(losses) arising during the period
(52
)
 
19

 
(33
)
 
(15
)
 
6

 
(9
)
Reclassification adjustments included in net income(d):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Amortization of net loss
124

 
(46
)
 
78

 
128

 
(49
)
 
79

Prior service costs/(credits)
(18
)
 
7

 
(11
)
 
(18
)
 
7

 
(11
)
Settlement (gain)/loss

(3
)
 
1

 
(2
)
 

 

 

Foreign exchange and other
(32
)
 
4

 
(28
)
 
34

 
(12
)
 
22

Net change
19

 
(15
)
 
4

 
129

 
(48
)
 
81

DVA on fair value option elected liabilities, net change:
$
(105
)
 
$
38

 
$
(67
)
 
$
88

 
$
(33
)
 
$
55

Total other comprehensive income/(loss)
$
1,269

 
$
(486
)
 
$
783

 
$
2,040

 
$
(768
)
 
$
1,272

(a)
The pre-tax amount is reported in securities gains/(losses) in the Consolidated statements of income.
(b)
Reclassifications of pre-tax realized gains/(losses) on translation adjustments and related hedges are reported in other income/expense in the Consolidated statements of income. The amounts were not material for the periods presented.
(c)
The pre-tax amounts are predominantly recorded in net interest income in the Consolidated statements of income.
(d)
The pre-tax amount is reported in compensation expense in the Consolidated statements of income.

150


Note 18 – Regulatory capital
The Federal Reserve establishes capital requirements, including well-capitalized standards, for the consolidated financial holding company. The Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) establishes similar minimum capital requirements and standards for the Firm’s national banks, including JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Chase Bank USA, N.A.
Capital rules under Basel III establish minimum capital ratios and overall capital adequacy standards for large and internationally active U.S. bank holding companies and banks, including the Firm and its IDI subsidiaries. Basel III sets forth two comprehensive approaches for calculating RWA: a standardized approach (“Basel III Standardized”), and an advanced approach (“Basel III Advanced”). Certain of the requirements of Basel III are subject to phase-in periods that began on January 1, 2014 and continue through the end of 2018 (“transitional period”).
There are three categories of risk-based capital under the Basel III Transitional rules: CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital. CET1 capital predominantly includes common stockholders’ equity (including capital for AOCI related to debt and equity securities classified as AFS as well as for defined benefit pension and OPEB plans), less certain deductions for goodwill, MSRs and deferred tax assets that arise from NOL and tax credit carryforwards. Tier 1 capital predominantly consists of CET1 capital as well as perpetual preferred stock. Tier 2 capital includes long-term debt qualifying as Tier 2 and qualifying allowance for credit losses. Total capital is Tier 1 capital plus Tier 2 capital.
 
The following tables present the risk-based and leverage-based capital metrics for JPMorgan Chase and its significant national bank subsidiaries under both the Basel III Standardized Transitional and Basel III Advanced Transitional approaches at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016.
 
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
 
Basel III Standardized Transitional
 
Basel III Advanced Transitional
(in millions,
  except ratios)
Jun 30,
2017

 
Dec 31,
2016

 
Jun 30,
2017

 
Dec 31,
2016

Regulatory capital
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CET1 capital
$
186,942

 
$
182,967

 
$
186,942

 
$
182,967

Tier 1 capital(a)
212,353

 
208,112

 
212,353

 
208,112

Total capital
243,061

 
239,553

 
233,345

 
228,592

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk-weighted
1,478,816

 
1,464,981

 
1,459,196

 
1,476,915

Adjusted
average(b)
2,512,120

 
2,484,631

 
2,512,120

 
2,484,631

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital ratios(c)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CET1
12.6
%
 
12.5
%
 
12.8
%
 
12.4
%
Tier 1(a)
14.4

 
14.2

 
14.6

 
14.1

Total
16.4

 
16.4

 
16.0

 
15.5

Tier 1 leverage(d)
8.5

 
8.4

 
8.5

 
8.4

 
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
 
Basel III Standardized Transitional
 
Basel III Advanced Transitional
(in millions,
  except ratios)
Jun 30,
2017

 
Dec 31,
2016

 
Jun 30,
2017

 
Dec 31,
2016

Regulatory capital
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CET1 capital
$
184,141

 
$
179,319

 
$
184,141

 
$
179,319

Tier 1 capital(a)
184,141

 
179,341

 
184,141

 
179,341

Total capital
195,851

 
191,662

 
189,381

 
184,637

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk-weighted
1,304,939

 
1,293,203

 
1,245,670

 
1,262,613

Adjusted
average
(b)
2,107,302

 
2,088,851

 
2,107,302

 
2,088,851

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital ratios(c)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CET1
14.1
%
 
13.9
%
 
14.8
%
 
14.2
%
Tier 1(a)
14.1

 
13.9

 
14.8

 
14.2

Total
15.0

 
14.8

 
15.2

 
14.6

Tier 1 leverage(d)
8.7

 
8.6

 
8.7

 
8.6


151


 
Chase Bank USA, N.A.
 
Basel III Standardized Transitional
 
Basel III Advanced Transitional
(in millions,
 except ratios)
Jun 30,
2017

 
Dec 31,
2016

 
Jun 30,
2017

 
Dec 31,
2016

Regulatory capital
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CET1 capital
$
19,647

 
$
16,784

 
$
19,647

 
$
16,784

Tier 1 capital(a)
19,647

 
16,784

 
19,647

 
16,784

Total capital
25,684

 
22,862

 
24,297

 
21,434

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Risk-weighted
109,002

 
112,297

 
194,110

 
186,378

Adjusted
average
(b)
122,880

 
120,304

 
122,880

 
120,304

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital ratios(c)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CET1
18.0
%
 
14.9
%
 
10.1
%
 
9.0
%
Tier 1(a)
18.0

 
14.9

 
10.1

 
9.0

Total
23.6

 
20.4

 
12.5

 
11.5

Tier 1 leverage(d)
16.0

 
14.0

 
16.0

 
14.0

(a)
Includes the deduction associated with the permissible holdings of covered funds (as defined by the Volcker Rule) acquired after December 31, 2013. The deduction was not material as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
(b)
Adjusted average assets, for purposes of calculating the Tier 1 leverage ratio, includes total quarterly average assets adjusted for unrealized gains/(losses) on AFS securities, less deductions for goodwill and other intangible assets, defined benefit pension plan assets, and deferred tax assets related to NOL and tax credit carryforwards.
(c)
For each of the risk-based capital ratios, the capital adequacy of the Firm and its national bank subsidiaries is evaluated against the lower of the two ratios as calculated under Basel III approaches (Standardized or Advanced) as required by the Collins Amendment of the Dodd-Frank Act (the “Collins Floor”).
(d)
The Tier 1 leverage ratio is not a risk-based measure of capital. This ratio is calculated by dividing Tier 1 capital by adjusted average assets.

 
Under the risk-based capital guidelines of the Federal Reserve, JPMorgan Chase is required to maintain minimum ratios of CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital to RWA, as well as a minimum leverage ratio (which is defined as Tier 1 capital divided by adjusted quarterly average assets). Failure to meet these minimum requirements could cause the Federal Reserve to take action. National bank subsidiaries also are subject to these capital requirements by their respective primary regulators. The following table presents the minimum ratios to which the Firm and its national bank subsidiaries are subject as of June 30, 2017.
 
Minimum capital ratios
 
Well-capitalized ratios
 
BHC(a)(e)

IDI(b)(e)

 
BHC(c) 

IDI(d)

Capital ratios
 
 
 
 
 
CET1
7.50
%
5.75
%
 
%
6.5
%
Tier 1
9.00

7.25

 
6.0

8.0

Total
11.00

9.25

 
10.0

10.0

Tier 1 leverage
4.0

4.0

 

5.0

Note: The table above is as defined by the regulations issued by the Federal Reserve, OCC and FDIC and to which the Firm and its national bank subsidiaries are subject.
(a)
Represents the Transitional minimum capital ratios applicable to the Firm under Basel III at June 30, 2017. At June 30, 2017, the CET1 minimum capital ratio includes 1.25% resulting from the phase in of the Firm’s 2.5% capital conservation buffer and 1.75%, resulting from the phase in of the Firm’s 3.5% GSIB surcharge.
(b)
Represents requirements for JPMorgan Chase’s banking subsidiaries. The CET1 minimum capital ratio includes 1.25% resulting from the phase in of the 2.5% capital conservation buffer that is applicable to the banking subsidiaries. The banking subsidiaries are not subject to the GSIB surcharge.
(c)
Represents requirements for bank holding companies pursuant to regulations issued by the Federal Reserve.
(d)
Represents requirements for bank subsidiaries pursuant to regulations issued under the FDIC Improvement Act.
(e) For the period ended December 31, 2016 the CET1, Tier 1, Total and Tier 1 leverage minimum capital ratios applicable to the Firm were 6.25%, 7.75%, 9.75% and 4.0% and the CET1, Tier 1, Total and Tier 1 leverage minimum capital ratios applicable to the Firm’s banking subsidiaries were 5.125%, 6.625%, 8.625% and 4.0% respectively.
As of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, JPMorgan Chase and all of its banking subsidiaries were well-capitalized and met all capital requirements to which each was subject.


152


Note 19 – Off–balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees, and other commitments
JPMorgan Chase provides lending-related financial instruments (e.g., commitments and guarantees) to meet the financing needs of its customers. The contractual amount of these financial instruments represents the maximum possible credit risk to the Firm should the counterparty draw upon the commitment or the Firm be required to fulfill its obligation under the guarantee, and should the counterparty subsequently fail to perform according to the terms of the contract. Most of these commitments and guarantees are refinanced, extended, cancelled, or expire without being drawn upon or a default occurring. As a result, the total contractual amount of these instruments is not, in the Firm’s view, representative of its expected future credit exposure or funding requirements. For further discussion of lending-related commitments and guarantees, and the Firm’s related accounting policies, see Note 29 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
 
To provide for probable credit losses inherent in wholesale and certain consumer lending-related commitments, an allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments is maintained. See Note 12 for further information regarding the allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments.
The following table summarizes the contractual amounts and carrying values of off-balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016. The amounts in the table below for credit card and home equity lending-related commitments represent the total available credit for these products. The Firm has not experienced, and does not anticipate, that all available lines of credit for these products will be utilized at the same time. The Firm can reduce or cancel credit card lines of credit by providing the borrower notice or, in some cases as permitted by law, without notice. In addition, the Firm typically closes credit card lines when the borrower is 60 days or more past due. The Firm may reduce or close HELOCs when there has been a demonstrable decline in the creditworthiness of the borrower.

153


Off–balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments


Contractual amount

Carrying value(h)

June 30, 2017

Dec 31,
2016


Jun 30,
2017

Dec 31,
2016

By remaining maturity
(in millions)
Expires in 1 year or less
Expires after
1 year through
3 years
Expires after
3 years through
5 years
Expires after 5 years
Total

Total



Lending-related


















Consumer, excluding credit card:


















Home equity
$
3,927

$
1,929

$
1,287

$
14,169

$
21,312


$
21,714


$
11

$
12

Residential mortgage(a)(b)
14,828



11

14,839


11,882




Auto
7,174

996

173

78

8,421


8,468


2

2

Consumer & Business Banking(b)
12,023

938

111

518

13,590


12,733


19

12

Total consumer, excluding credit card
$
37,952

$
3,863

$
1,571

$
14,776

$
58,162


$
54,797


$
32

$
26

Credit card
$
576,264

$

$

$

$
576,264


$
553,891


$

$

Total consumer(c)
$
614,216

$
3,863

$
1,571

$
14,776

$
634,426


$
608,688


$
32

$
26

Wholesale:


















Other unfunded commitments to extend credit(d)
$
70,287

$
112,057

$
137,158

$
10,585

$
330,087


$
328,497


$
904

$
905

Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees(d)
15,264

9,930

6,988

1,140

33,322


35,947


621

586

Other letters of credit(d)
2,754

233

101

1

3,089


3,570


4

2

Total wholesale(e)
$
88,305

$
122,220

$
144,247

$
11,726

$
366,498


$
368,014


$
1,529

$
1,493

Total lending-related
$
702,521

$
126,083

$
145,818

$
26,502

$
1,000,924


$
976,702


$
1,561

$
1,519

Other guarantees and commitments


















Securities lending indemnification agreements and guarantees(f)
$
161,004

$

$

$

$
161,004


$
137,209


$

$

Derivatives qualifying as guarantees
3,569

208

10,606

39,779

54,162


51,966


378

80

Unsettled reverse repurchase and securities borrowing agreements
98,140




98,140


50,722




Unsettled repurchase and securities lending agreements
80,583




80,583


26,948




Loan sale and securitization-related indemnifications:


















Mortgage repurchase liability
NA

NA

NA

NA

NA


NA


129

133

Loans sold with recourse
NA

NA

NA

NA

1,814


2,730


49

64

Other guarantees and commitments(g)
459

2,484

1,012

1,570

5,525


5,715


(100
)
(118
)
(a)
Includes certain commitments to purchase loans from correspondents.
(b)
Certain loan portfolios have been reclassified. The prior period amounts have been revised to conform with the current period presentation.
(c)
Predominantly all consumer lending-related commitments are in the U.S.
(d)
At June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, reflected the contractual amount net of risk participations totaling $361 million and $328 million, respectively, for other unfunded commitments to extend credit; $10.7 billion and $11.1 billion, respectively, for standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees; and $334 million and $265 million, respectively, for other letters of credit. In regulatory filings with the Federal Reserve these commitments are shown gross of risk participations.
(e)
At June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, the U.S. portion of the contractual amount of total wholesale lending-related commitments was 77% and 79%, respectively.
(f)
At June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, collateral held by the Firm in support of securities lending indemnification agreements was $169.2 billion and $143.2 billion, respectively. Securities lending collateral primarily consists of cash and securities issued by governments that are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and U.S. government agencies.
(g)
Included unfunded commitments of $41 million and $48 million at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively to third-party private equity funds; and $918 million and $1.0 billion, at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively, to other equity investments. These commitments included $30 million and $34 million, respectively, related to investments that are generally fair valued at net asset value as discussed in Note 2. In addition, included letters of credit hedged by derivative transactions and managed on a market risk basis of $4.5 billion and $4.6 billion at June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, respectively.
(h)
For lending-related products, the carrying value represents the allowance for lending-related commitments and the guarantee liability; for derivative-related products, the carrying value represents the fair value.


154


Other unfunded commitments to extend credit
Other unfunded commitments to extend credit generally consist of commitments for working capital and general corporate purposes, extensions of credit to support commercial paper facilities and bond financings in the event that those obligations cannot be remarketed to new investors, as well as committed liquidity facilities to clearing organizations. The Firm also issues commitments under multipurpose facilities which could be drawn upon in several forms, including the issuance of a standby letter of credit.
The Firm acts as a settlement and custody bank in the U.S. tri-party repurchase transaction market. In its role as settlement and custody bank, the Firm is exposed to the intra-day credit risk of its cash borrower clients, usually broker-dealers. This exposure arises under secured
 
clearance advance facilities that the Firm extends to its clients (i.e., cash borrowers); these facilities contractually limit the Firm’s intra-day credit risk to the facility amount
and must be repaid by the end of the day. As of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, the maximum outstanding commitment under the secured clearance advance facility was $1.6 billion and $2.4 billion, respectively.
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees are conditional lending commitments issued by the Firm to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party under certain arrangements, such as commercial paper facilities, bond financings, acquisition financings, trade and similar transactions.

The following table summarizes the standby letters of credit and other letters of credit arrangements as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016.
Standby letters of credit, other financial guarantees and other letters of credit
 
June 30, 2017
 
December 31, 2016
(in millions)
Standby letters of
credit and other financial guarantees
 
Other letters
of credit
 
Standby letters of
credit and other financial guarantees
 
Other letters
of credit
Investment-grade(a)
$
26,592

 
$
2,245

 
$
28,245

 
$
2,781

Noninvestment-grade(a)
6,730

 
844

 
7,702

 
789

Total contractual amount
$
33,322

 
$
3,089

 
$
35,947

 
$
3,570

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Allowance for lending-related commitments
$
177

 
$
4

 
$
145

 
$
2

Guarantee liability
444

 

 
441

 

Total carrying value
$
621

 
$
4

 
$
586

 
$
2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commitments with collateral
$
17,878

 
$
894

 
$
19,346

 
$
940

(a)
The ratings scale is based on the Firm’s internal ratings which generally correspond to ratings as defined by S&P and Moody’s.
Derivatives qualifying as guarantees
The Firm transacts certain derivative contracts that have the characteristics of a guarantee under U.S. GAAP. For further information on these derivatives, see Note 29 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
The following table summarizes the derivatives qualifying as guarantees as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016.
(in millions)
June 30, 2017

 
December 31, 2016

Total notional value of derivatives(a)
54,162

 
51,966

Notional amount of stable value contracts(b)
28,892

 
28,665

Maximum exposure to loss on stable value contracts
3,031

 
3,012


 
 
 
Fair value(c)
 
 
 
Derivative payables
393

 
96

Derivative receivables
15

 
16

(a)
The notional amount generally represents the Firm’s maximum exposure to derivatives qualifying as guarantees.
(b)
Exposure to certain stable value contracts is contractually limited to a substantially lower percentage of the notional amount.
(c)
The fair value of the contracts reflect the probability, in the Firm’s view, of whether the Firm will be required to perform under the contract.
 
The Firm reduces exposures to these contracts by entering into offsetting transactions, or by entering into contracts that hedge the market risk related to the derivative guarantees.
In addition to derivative contracts that meet the characteristics of a guarantee, the Firm is both a purchaser and seller of credit protection in the credit derivatives market. For a further discussion of credit derivatives, see Note 4.

155


Loan sales- and securitization-related indemnifications
In connection with the Firm’s mortgage loan sale and securitization activities with GSEs and in certain private label transactions, the Firm has made representations and warranties that the loans sold meet certain requirements, and that may require the Firm to repurchase the mortgage loans and/or indemnify the loan purchaser if such representations and warranties are breached by the Firm. In addition, although the Firm’s securitizations are predominantly nonrecourse, the Firm does provide recourse servicing in certain limited cases where it agrees to share credit risk with the owner of the mortgage loans. For additional information, see Note 29 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
The liability related to repurchase demands associated with private label securitizations is separately evaluated by the Firm in establishing its litigation reserves. For additional information regarding litigation, see Note 21 of this Form 10-Q and Note 31 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
Guarantees of subsidiary
The Parent Company has guaranteed certain long-term debt and structured notes of its subsidiaries, including JPMorgan
Chase Financial Company LLC (“JPMFC”), a 100%-owned finance subsidiary. All securities issued by JPMFC are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Parent Company, and these guarantees rank on a parity with the Firm’s unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness.

 
Note 20 – Pledged assets and collateral
For a discussion of the Firm’s pledged assets and collateral, see Note 30 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
Pledged assets
The Firm may pledge financial assets that it owns to maintain potential borrowing capacity with central banks and for other purposes, including to secure borrowings and public deposits, collateralize repurchase and other securities financing agreements, and cover customer short sales. Certain of these pledged assets may be sold or repledged or otherwise used by the secured parties and are identified as financial instruments owned (pledged to various parties) on the Consolidated balance sheets.
The following table presents the Firm’s pledged assets.
(in billions)
June 30, 2017

 
December 31,
2016

Assets that may be sold or repledged or otherwise used by secured parties
$
154.3

 
$
133.6

Assets that may not be sold or repledged or otherwise used by secured parties
60.4

 
53.5

Assets pledged at Federal Reserve banks and FHLBs
478.2

 
441.9

Total assets pledged
$
692.9

 
$
629.0

Total assets pledged do not include assets of consolidated VIEs; these assets are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. See Note 13 for additional information on assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs. For additional information on the Firm’s securities financing activities, see Note 10. For additional information on the Firm’s long-term debt, see Note 21 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
Collateral
The Firm had accepted financial assets as collateral that it could sell or repledge, deliver or otherwise use. This collateral was generally obtained under resale agreements, securities borrowing agreements, customer margin loans and derivative agreements. Collateral was generally used under repurchase agreements, securities lending agreements or to cover customer short sales and to collateralize deposits and derivative agreements.
The following table presents the fair value of collateral accepted.
(in billions)
June 30, 2017

 
December 31,
2016

Collateral that could be sold or repledged, delivered, or otherwise used
$
972.2

 
$
914.1

Collateral sold, repledged, delivered or otherwise used
779.8

 
746.6



156


Note 21 – Litigation
Contingencies
As of June 30, 2017, the Firm and its subsidiaries and affiliates are defendants or putative defendants in numerous legal proceedings, including private, civil litigations and regulatory/government investigations. The litigations range from individual actions involving a single plaintiff to class action lawsuits with potentially millions of class members. Investigations involve both formal and informal proceedings, by both governmental agencies and self-regulatory organizations. These legal proceedings are at varying stages of adjudication, arbitration or investigation, and involve each of the Firm’s lines of business and geographies and a wide variety of claims (including common law tort and contract claims and statutory antitrust, securities and consumer protection claims), some of which present novel legal theories.
The Firm believes the estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses, in excess of reserves established, for its legal proceedings is from $0 to approximately $1.9 billion at June 30, 2017. This estimated aggregate range of reasonably possible losses was based upon currently available information for those proceedings in which the Firm believes that an estimate of reasonably possible loss can be made. For certain matters, the Firm does not believe that such an estimate can be made, as of that date. The Firm’s estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses involves significant judgment, given the number, variety and varying stages of the proceedings (including the fact that many are in preliminary stages), the existence in many such proceedings of multiple defendants (including the Firm) whose share of liability has yet to be determined, the numerous yet-unresolved issues in many of the proceedings (including issues regarding class certification and the scope of many of the claims) and the attendant uncertainty of the various potential outcomes of such proceedings, including where the Firm has made assumptions concerning future rulings by the court or other adjudicator, or about the behavior or incentives of adverse parties or regulatory authorities, and those assumptions prove to be incorrect. In addition, the outcome of a particular proceeding may be a result which the Firm did not take into account in its estimate because the Firm had deemed the likelihood of that outcome to be remote. Accordingly, the Firm’s estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses will change from time to time, and actual losses may vary significantly.
Set forth below are descriptions of the Firm’s material legal proceedings.
Foreign Exchange Investigations and Litigation. The Firm previously reported settlements with certain government authorities relating to its foreign exchange (“FX”) sales and trading activities and controls related to those activities. FX-related investigations and inquiries by government authorities, including competition authorities, are ongoing, and the Firm is cooperating with those matters. In May 2015, the Firm pleaded guilty to a single violation of federal antitrust law. In January 2017, the Firm was sentenced, with judgment entered thereafter. The Department of Labor granted the Firm a temporary one-
 
year waiver of disqualification, effective upon entry of judgment, that allows the Firm and its affiliates to continue to rely on the Qualified Professional Asset Manager exemption under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”). The Firm’s application for a lengthier exemption is pending. Separately, in February 2017 the South Africa Competition Commission referred its FX investigation of the Firm and other banks to the South Africa Competition Tribunal, which has initiated civil proceedings. 
The Firm is also one of a number of foreign exchange dealers defending a class action filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York by U.S.-based plaintiffs, principally alleging violations of federal antitrust laws based on an alleged conspiracy to manipulate foreign exchange rates (the “U.S. class action”). In January 2015, the Firm entered into a settlement agreement in the U.S. class action. Following this settlement, a number of additional putative class actions were filed seeking damages for persons who transacted FX futures and options on futures (the “exchanged-based actions”), consumers who purchased foreign currencies at allegedly inflated rates (the “consumer action”), participants or beneficiaries of qualified ERISA plans (the “ERISA actions”), and purported indirect purchasers of FX instruments (the “indirect purchaser action”). Since then, the Firm has entered into a revised settlement agreement to resolve the consolidated U.S. class action, including the exchange-based actions, and that agreement has been preliminarily approved by the Court. The District Court has dismissed one of the ERISA actions, and the plaintiffs have filed an appeal. The consumer action, a second ERISA action and the indirect purchaser action remain pending in the District Court.
In September 2015, two class actions were filed in Canada against the Firm as well as a number of other FX dealers, principally for alleged violations of the Canadian Competition Act based on an alleged conspiracy to fix the prices of currency purchased in the FX market. The first action was filed in the province of Ontario, and sought to represent all persons in Canada who transacted any FX instrument. The second action was filed in the province of Quebec, and sought authorization to represent only those persons in Quebec who engaged in FX transactions. In late 2016, the Firm settled the Canadian class actions, and both settlements have received judicial approval.
General Motors Litigation. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. participated in, and was the Administrative Agent on behalf of a syndicate of lenders on, a $1.5 billion syndicated Term Loan facility (“Term Loan”) for General Motors Corporation (“GM”). In July 2009, in connection with the GM bankruptcy proceedings, the Official Committee of Unsecured Creditors of Motors Liquidation Company (“Creditors Committee”) filed a lawsuit against JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., in its individual capacity and as Administrative Agent for other lenders on the Term Loan, seeking to hold the underlying lien invalid based on the filing of a UCC-3 termination statement relating to the Term Loan. In January 2015, following several court proceedings, the United States Court

157


of Appeals for the Second Circuit reversed the Bankruptcy Court’s dismissal of the Creditors Committee’s claim and remanded the case to the Bankruptcy Court with instructions to enter partial summary judgment for the Creditors Committee as to the termination statement. The proceedings in the Bankruptcy Court continue with respect to, among other things, additional defenses asserted by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and the value of additional collateral on the Term Loan that was unaffected by the filing of the termination statement at issue. In connection with that additional collateral, a trial in the Bankruptcy Court regarding the value of certain representative assets concluded in May 2017, and a ruling is pending. In addition, certain Term Loan lenders filed cross-claims against JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. in the Bankruptcy Court seeking indemnification and asserting various claims.
Interchange Litigation. A group of merchants and retail associations filed a series of class action complaints alleging that Visa and MasterCard, as well as certain banks, conspired to set the price of credit and debit card interchange fees, enacted respective rules in violation of antitrust laws, and engaged in tying/bundling and exclusive dealing. The parties entered into an agreement to settle the cases for a cash payment of $6.1 billion to the class plaintiffs (of which the Firm’s share is approximately 20%) and an amount equal to ten basis points of credit card interchange for a period of eight months to be measured from a date within 60 days of the end of the opt-out period. The agreement also provided for modifications to each credit card network’s rules, including those that prohibit surcharging credit card transactions. In December 2013, the District Court granted final approval of the settlement.
A number of merchants appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, which, in June 2016, vacated the District Court’s certification of the class action and reversed the approval of the class settlement. Both the plaintiffs and the defendants filed petitions seeking review by the U.S. Supreme Court of the Second Circuit’s decision, and those petitions were denied in March 2017. The case has been remanded to the District Court for further proceedings consistent with the appellate decision.
In addition, certain merchants have filed individual actions raising similar allegations against Visa and MasterCard, as well as against the Firm and other banks, and those actions are proceeding.
LIBOR and Other Benchmark Rate Investigations and Litigation. JPMorgan Chase has received subpoenas and requests for documents and, in some cases, interviews, from federal and state agencies and entities, including the U.S. Department of Justice (“DOJ”), the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and various state attorneys general, as well as the European Commission (“EC”), the U.K. Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”), the Canadian Competition Bureau, the Swiss Competition Commission (“ComCo”) and other regulatory authorities and banking associations around the world relating primarily to the process by which interest rates were submitted to the British Bankers Association (“BBA”) in connection with the setting of the BBA’s London Interbank Offered Rate
 
(“LIBOR”) for various currencies, principally in 2007 and 2008. Some of the inquiries also relate to similar processes by which information on rates is submitted to the European Banking Federation (“EBF”) in connection with the setting of the EBF’s Euro Interbank Offered Rates (“EURIBOR”) and to the Japanese Bankers’ Association for the setting of Tokyo Interbank Offered Rates (“TIBOR”), as well as processes for the setting of U.S. dollar ISDAFIX rates and other reference rates in various parts of the world during similar time periods. The Firm is responding to and continuing to cooperate with these inquiries. As previously reported, the Firm has resolved EC inquiries relating to Yen LIBOR and Swiss Franc LIBOR. In December 2016, the Firm resolved ComCo inquiries relating to these same rates. ComCo’s investigation relating to EURIBOR, to which the Firm and other banks are subject, continues. In December 2016, the EC issued a decision against the Firm and other banks finding an infringement of European antitrust rules relating to EURIBOR. The Firm has filed an appeal with the European General Court. In June 2016, the DOJ informed the Firm that the DOJ had closed its inquiry into LIBOR and other benchmark rates with respect to the Firm without taking action. Other inquiries have been discontinued without any action against JPMorgan Chase, including by the SEC, FCA and the Canadian Competition Bureau.
In addition, the Firm has been named as a defendant along with other banks in a series of individual and putative class actions filed in various United States District Courts. These actions have been filed, or consolidated for pre-trial purposes, in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. In these actions, plaintiffs make varying allegations that in various periods, starting in 2000 or later, defendants either individually or collectively manipulated the U.S. dollar LIBOR, Yen LIBOR, Swiss franc LIBOR, Euroyen TIBOR, EURIBOR, Singapore Interbank Offered Rate (“SIBOR”), Singapore Swap Offer Rate (“SOR”) and/or the Bank Bill Swap Reference Rate (“BBSW”) by submitting rates that were artificially low or high. Plaintiffs allege that they transacted in loans, derivatives or other financial instruments whose values are affected by changes in U.S. dollar LIBOR, Yen LIBOR, Swiss franc LIBOR, Euroyen TIBOR, EURIBOR, SIBOR, SOR or BBSW and assert a variety of claims including antitrust claims seeking treble damages. These matters are in various stages of litigation.
The Firm has agreed to settle the putative class actions related to Yen LIBOR, Euroyen TIBOR and Swiss franc LIBOR.  Those settlements are subject to further documentation and approval by the Court.   
In the EURIBOR action, the District Court dismissed all claims except a single antitrust claim and two common law claims, and dismissed all defendants except the Firm and Citibank.
In the U.S. dollar LIBOR-related actions, the District Court dismissed certain claims, including the antitrust claims, and permitted other claims under the Commodity Exchange Act and common law to proceed. In May 2016, the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit vacated the dismissal of the antitrust claims and remanded the case to the District Court to consider, among other things, whether the plaintiffs have standing to assert antitrust claims. In July

158


2016, JPMorgan Chase and other defendants again moved in the District Court to dismiss the antitrust claims, and in December 2016, the District Court granted in part and denied in part defendants’ motion, finding that certain plaintiffs lacked standing to assert antitrust claims. Those plaintiffs have filed an appeal. In May 2017, plaintiffs in three putative class actions moved in the District Court for class certification, and the Firm and other defendants have opposed that motion.
The Firm is one of the defendants in a number of putative class actions alleging that defendant banks and ICAP conspired to manipulate the U.S. dollar ISDAFIX rates. Plaintiffs primarily assert claims under the federal antitrust laws and Commodity Exchange Act. In April 2016, the Firm settled the ISDAFIX litigation, along with certain other banks. Those settlements have been preliminarily approved by the Court.
Madoff Litigation. A putative class action was filed in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey by investors who were net winners (i.e., Madoff customers who had taken more money out of their accounts than had been invested) in Madoff’s Ponzi scheme and were not included in a prior class action settlement. These plaintiffs alleged violations of the federal securities law, as well as other state and federal claims. The New Jersey court granted a transfer motion to the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The New York court granted the Firm’s motion to dismiss, and the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit has affirmed that dismissal. Plaintiffs have until September 2017 to file a petition for writ of certiorari with the United States Supreme Court. A similar action was filed in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida, although it was not styled as a class action, and included claims pursuant to Florida statutes. The Florida court granted the Firm’s motion to dismiss the case, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit affirmed the dismissal, and the United States Supreme Court denied plaintiffs’ petition for writ of certiorari. In addition, the same plaintiffs have re-filed their dismissed state claims in Florida state court, where the action is stayed pending resolution of the federal court matters.
Mortgage-Backed Securities and Repurchase Litigation and Related Regulatory Investigations. The Firm and affiliates (together, “JPMC”), Bear Stearns and affiliates (together, “Bear Stearns”) and certain Washington Mutual affiliates (together, “Washington Mutual”) have been named as defendants in a number of cases in their various roles in offerings of MBS. The remaining civil cases include one investor action and actions for repurchase of mortgage loans. The Firm and certain of its current and former officers and Board members have also been sued in a shareholder derivative action relating to the Firm’s MBS activities, which remains pending.
Issuer Litigation – Individual Purchaser Actions. With the exception of one remaining action, the Firm has resolved all of the individual actions brought against JPMC, Bear Stearns and Washington Mutual as MBS issuers (and, in some cases, also as underwriters of their own MBS offerings).
 
Repurchase Litigation. The Firm is defending a number of actions brought by trustees, securities administrators and/or master servicers of various MBS trusts on behalf of purchasers of securities issued by those trusts. These cases generally allege breaches of various representations and warranties regarding securitized loans and seek repurchase of those loans or equivalent monetary relief, as well as indemnification of attorneys’ fees and costs and other remedies. The Firm has reached a settlement with Deutsche Bank National Trust Company, acting as trustee for various MBS trusts, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”) in connection with the litigation related to a significant number of MBS issued by Washington Mutual; that case is described in the Washington Mutual Litigations section below. Other repurchase actions, each specific to one or more MBS transactions issued by JPMC, are in various stages of litigation.
In addition, the Firm and a group of 21 institutional MBS investors made a binding offer to the trustees of MBS issued by JPMC and Bear Stearns providing for the payment of $4.5 billion and the implementation of certain servicing changes by JPMC, to resolve all repurchase and servicing claims that have been asserted or could have been asserted with respect to 330 MBS trusts created between 2005 and 2008. The offer does not resolve claims relating to Washington Mutual MBS. The trustees (or separate and successor trustees) for this group of 330 trusts have accepted the settlement for 319 trusts in whole or in part and excluded from the settlement 16 trusts in whole or in part. The trustees’ acceptance has received final approval from the court.
Additional actions have been filed against third-party trustees that relate to loan repurchase and servicing claims involving trusts sponsored by JPMC, Bear Stearns and Washington Mutual.
In actions against the Firm involving offerings of MBS issued by the Firm, the Firm has contractual rights to indemnification from sellers of mortgage loans that were securitized in such offerings. However, certain of those indemnity rights may prove effectively unenforceable in various situations, such as where the loan sellers are now defunct.
The Firm has entered into agreements with a number of MBS trustees or entities that purchased MBS that toll applicable statute of limitations periods with respect to their claims, and has settled, and in the future may settle, tolled claims. There is no assurance that the Firm will not be named as a defendant in additional MBS-related litigation.
Derivative Action. A shareholder derivative action against the Firm, as nominal defendant, and certain of its current and former officers and members of its Board of Directors relating to the Firm’s MBS activities is pending in California federal court. In June 2017, the court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss the cause of action that alleged material misrepresentations and omissions in the Firm’s proxy statement, found that the court did not have personal jurisdiction over the individual defendants with respect to the remaining causes of action, and transferred that remaining portion of the case to the United States District

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Court for the Southern District of New York without ruling on the merits.
Government Enforcement Investigations and Litigation. The Firm is responding to an ongoing investigation being conducted by the DOJ’s Criminal Division and two United States Attorney’s Offices relating to MBS offerings securitized and sold by the Firm and its subsidiaries.
Mortgage-Related Investigations and Litigation. In January 2017, a Consent Order was entered by the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York resolving allegations by the Civil Division of the United States Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York that the Firm violated the Fair Housing Act and Equal Credit Opportunity Act by giving pricing discretion to independent mortgage brokers in its wholesale lending origination channel which, according to the government’s model, may have charged higher fees and interest rates to African-American and Hispanic borrowers than non-Hispanic White borrowers during the period between 2006 and 2009. The Firm denied liability, but agreed to pay a total of approximately $55 million to resolve this matter. In addition, three municipalities have commenced litigation against the Firm alleging violations of an unfair competition law or the Fair Housing Act. The municipalities seek, among other things, civil penalties for the unfair competition claim, and, for the Fair Housing Act claims, damages resulting from lost tax revenue and increased municipal costs associated with foreclosed properties. Two of the municipal actions were stayed pending an appeal to the United States Supreme Court. In May 2017, the Supreme Court held that the City of Miami has standing to bring claims under the Fair Housing Act, and remanded the case to the lower court to determine whether the City sufficiently alleged that the defendant’s conduct proximately caused the alleged damages. In the two stayed municipal actions against the Firm, one remains stayed pending the resolution of the City of Miami case on remand, and in the other, the municipality has moved to reopen the case, which the Firm has opposed. The third municipal action against the Firm was stayed pending an appeal by the City of Los Angeles to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in a related action. In May 2017, the Court of Appeals affirmed judgments against the City of Los Angeles and in favor of the defendants, and following that decision, the court has not yet lifted the stay in the action against the Firm.
Municipal Derivatives Litigation. Several civil actions were commenced in New York and Alabama courts against the Firm relating to certain Jefferson County, Alabama (the “County”) warrant underwritings and swap transactions. The claims in the civil actions generally alleged that the Firm made payments to certain third parties in exchange for being chosen to underwrite more than $3 billion in warrants issued by the County and to act as the counterparty for certain swaps executed by the County. The County filed for bankruptcy in November 2011. In June 2013, the County filed a Chapter 9 Plan of Adjustment, as amended (the “Plan of Adjustment”), which provided that all the above-described actions against the Firm would be released and dismissed with prejudice. In November 2013, the Bankruptcy Court confirmed the Plan of Adjustment,
 
and in December 2013, certain sewer rate payers filed an appeal challenging the confirmation of the Plan of Adjustment. All conditions to the Plan of Adjustment’s effectiveness, including the dismissal of the actions against the Firm, were satisfied or waived and the transactions contemplated by the Plan of Adjustment occurred in December 2013. Accordingly, all the above-described actions against the Firm have been dismissed pursuant to the terms of the Plan of Adjustment. The appeal of the Bankruptcy Court’s order confirming the Plan of Adjustment remains pending.
Petters Bankruptcy and Related Matters. JPMorgan Chase and certain of its affiliates, including One Equity Partners (“OEP”), have been named as defendants in several actions filed in connection with the receivership and bankruptcy proceedings pertaining to Thomas J. Petters and certain affiliated entities (collectively, “Petters”) and the Polaroid Corporation. The principal actions against JPMorgan Chase and its affiliates have been brought by a court-appointed receiver for Petters and the trustees in bankruptcy proceedings for three Petters entities. These actions generally seek to avoid certain putative transfers in connection with (i) the 2005 acquisition by Petters of Polaroid, which at the time was majority-owned by OEP; (ii) two credit facilities that JPMorgan Chase and other financial institutions entered into with Polaroid; and (iii) a credit line and investment accounts held by Petters. In January 2017, the Court substantially denied the defendants’ motion to dismiss an amended complaint filed by the plaintiffs, and defendants’ motion for leave to appeal that decision is pending.
Proprietary Products Investigations and Litigation. In December 2015, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC agreed to a settlement with the SEC, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. agreed to a settlement with the CFTC, regarding disclosures to clients concerning conflicts associated with the Firm’s sale and use of proprietary products, such as J.P. Morgan mutual funds, in the Firm’s CCB and AWM wealth management businesses, and the U.S. Private Bank’s disclosures concerning the use of hedge funds that pay placement agent fees to JPMorgan Chase broker-dealer affiliates. The Firm settled with an additional government authority in July 2016, and continues to cooperate with inquiries from other government authorities concerning disclosure of conflicts associated with the Firm’s sale and use of proprietary products. A putative class action, which was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois on behalf of financial advisory clients from 2007 to the present whose funds were invested in proprietary funds and who were charged investment management fees, was dismissed by the Court. The dismissal was affirmed on appeal. Plaintiffs have filed a petition for writ of certiorari with the United States Supreme Court, to which the Firm will respond.
Referral Hiring Practices Investigations. In November 2016, the Firm entered into settlements with DOJ, the SEC and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”) to resolve those agencies’ respective investigations relating to a former hiring program for

160


candidates referred by clients, potential clients and government officials in the Asia Pacific region. Other related investigations are ongoing, and the Firm continues to cooperate with these investigations.
Washington Mutual Litigations. Proceedings related to Washington Mutual’s failure are pending before the United States District Court for the District of Columbia and include a lawsuit brought by Deutsche Bank National Trust Company, initially against the FDIC and amended to include JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. as a defendant, asserting an estimated $6 billion to $10 billion in damages based upon alleged breaches of certain representations and warranties given by certain Washington Mutual affiliates in connection with mortgage securitization agreements. The case includes assertions that JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. may have assumed liabilities for the alleged breaches of representations and warranties in the mortgage securitization agreements. In June 2015, the court ruled in favor of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. on the question of whether the Firm or the FDIC bears responsibility for Washington Mutual Bank’s repurchase obligations, holding that JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. assumed only those liabilities that were reflected on Washington Mutual Bank’s financial accounting records as of September 25, 2008, and only up to the amount of the book value reflected therein.
JPMorgan Chase also filed complaints in the United States District Court for the District of Columbia against the FDIC, in its corporate capacity as well as in its capacity as receiver for Washington Mutual Bank, asserting multiple claims for indemnification under the terms of the Purchase & Assumption Agreement between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and the FDIC relating to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s purchase of substantially all of the assets and certain liabilities of Washington Mutual Bank (the “Purchase & Assumption Agreement”).
The Firm, Deutsche Bank National Trust Company and the FDIC signed a settlement agreement to resolve (i) pending litigation brought by Deutsche Bank National Trust Company against the FDIC and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as defendants, relating to alleged breaches of certain representations and warranties given by certain Washington Mutual affiliates in connection with mortgage securitization agreements and (ii) JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.’s outstanding indemnification claims pursuant to the terms of the Purchase & Assumption Agreement. Deutsche Bank National Trust Company filed a judicial approval proceeding, and the court has approved the settlement.
Wendel. Since 2012, the French criminal authorities have been investigating a series of transactions entered into by senior managers of Wendel Investissement (“Wendel”) during the period from 2004 through 2007 to restructure their shareholdings in Wendel. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., Paris branch provided financing for the transactions to a number of managers of Wendel in 2007. JPMorgan Chase has cooperated with the investigation. The investigating judges issued an ordonnance de renvoi in November 2016, referring JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. to the French tribunal correctionnel for alleged complicity in tax fraud. No date for trial has been set by the court. The Firm has been successful in legal challenges made to the Court of
 
Cassation, France’s highest court, which have been referred back to and remain pending before the Paris Court of Appeal. In addition, civil proceedings have been commenced against JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. by a number of the managers. The claims are separate, involve different allegations and are at various stages of proceedings.
* * *
In addition to the various legal proceedings discussed above, JPMorgan Chase and its subsidiaries are named as defendants or are otherwise involved in a substantial number of other legal proceedings. The Firm believes it has meritorious defenses to the claims asserted against it in its currently outstanding legal proceedings and it intends to defend itself vigorously. Additional legal proceedings may be initiated from time to time in the future.
The Firm has established reserves for several hundred of its currently outstanding legal proceedings. In accordance with the provisions of U.S. GAAP for contingencies, the Firm accrues for a litigation-related liability when it is probable that such a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Firm evaluates its outstanding legal proceedings each quarter to assess its litigation reserves, and makes adjustments in such reserves, upwards or downward, as appropriate, based on management’s best judgment after consultation with counsel. The Firm’s legal expense was $61 million and a benefit of $(430) million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and an expense of $279 million and a benefit of $(476) million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. There is no assurance that the Firm’s litigation reserves will not need to be adjusted in the future.
In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of legal proceedings, particularly where the claimants seek very large or indeterminate damages, or where the matters present novel legal theories, involve a large number of parties or are in early stages of discovery, the Firm cannot state with confidence what will be the eventual outcomes of the currently pending matters, the timing of their ultimate resolution or the eventual losses, fines, penalties or consequences related to those matters. JPMorgan Chase believes, based upon its current knowledge, after consultation with counsel and after taking into account its current litigation reserves, that the legal proceedings currently pending against it should not have a material adverse effect on the Firm’s consolidated financial condition. The Firm notes, however, that in light of the uncertainties involved in such proceedings, there is no assurance that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not significantly exceed the reserves it has currently accrued or that a matter will not have material reputational consequences. As a result, the outcome of a particular matter may be material to JPMorgan Chase’s operating results for a particular period, depending on, among other factors, the size of the loss or liability imposed and the level of JPMorgan Chase’s income for that period.

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Note 22 – Business segments
The Firm is managed on a line of business basis. There are four major reportable business segments - Consumer & Community Banking, Corporate & Investment Bank, Commercial Banking and Asset & Wealth Management. In addition, there is a Corporate segment.
The business segments are determined based on the products and services provided, or the type of customer served, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is currently evaluated by management. Results of these lines of business are presented on a managed basis. For a further discussion concerning JPMorgan Chase’s business segments, see Segment results below, and Note 33 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
Segment results
The following table provides a summary of the Firm’s segment results as of or for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, on a managed basis. The Firm’s definition of managed basis starts with the reported U.S. GAAP results and includes certain reclassifications to present total net revenue for the Firm (and each of the reportable business segments) on a FTE basis. Accordingly, revenue from investments that receive tax credits and tax-exempt securities is presented in the managed results on a basis comparable to taxable investments and securities. This allows management to assess the comparability of revenue from year-to-year arising from both taxable and
 
tax-exempt sources. The corresponding income tax impact related to tax-exempt items is recorded within income tax expense. These adjustments have no impact on net income as reported by the Firm as a whole or by the lines of business.
The amount of capital assigned to each business is referred to as equity. On at least an annual basis, the Firm assesses the level of capital required for each line of business as well as the assumptions and methodologies used to allocate capital. Through the end of 2016, capital was allocated to the lines of business based on a single measure, Basel III Advanced Fully Phased-In RWA. Effective January 1, 2017, the Firm’s methodology used to allocate capital to the business segments was updated. Under the new methodology, capital is no longer allocated to each line of business for goodwill and other intangibles associated with acquisitions effected by the line of business. In addition, the new methodology incorporates Basel III Standardized Fully Phased-In RWA (as well as Basel III Advanced Fully Phased-In RWA), leverage, the global systemically important banks (“GSIB”) surcharge, and a simulation of capital in a severe stress environment. The methodology will continue to be weighted towards Basel III Advanced Fully Phased-In RWA because the Firm believes it to be the best proxy for economic risk.
Segment results and reconciliation(a)
As of or for the three months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
Consumer &
Community Banking
 
Corporate &
Investment Bank
 
Commercial Banking
 
Asset & Wealth Management
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

Noninterest revenue
$
3,684

$
4,138

 
$
6,444

$
6,475

 
$
583

$
586

 
$
2,366

$
2,192

Net interest income
7,728

7,313

 
2,445

2,690

 
1,505

1,231

 
846

747

Total net revenue
11,412

11,451

 
8,889

9,165

 
2,088

1,817

 
3,212

2,939

Provision for credit losses
1,394

1,201

 
(53
)
235

 
(130
)
(25
)
 
4

(8
)
Noninterest expense
6,500

6,004

 
4,841

5,078

 
790

731

 
2,192

2,098

Income before income tax expense
3,518

4,246

 
4,101

3,852

 
1,428

1,111

 
1,016

849

Income tax expense
1,295

1,590

 
1,391

1,359

 
526

415

 
392

328

Net income
$
2,223

$
2,656

 
$
2,710

$
2,493

 
$
902

$
696

 
$
624

$
521

Average equity
$
51,000

$
51,000

 
$
70,000

$
64,000

 
$
20,000

$
16,000

 
$
9,000

$
9,000

Total assets
529,859

519,187

 
847,377

826,019

 
220,676

208,151

 
147,508

134,380

Return on equity
17%

20%

 
15%

15%

 
17%

16%

 
27%

22%

Overhead ratio
57

52

 
54

55

 
38

40

 
68

71

As of or for the three months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
Corporate
 
Reconciling Items(a)
 
Total
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

Noninterest revenue
$
781

$
171

 
$
(596
)
$
(529
)
 
$
13,262

$
13,033

Net interest income
23

(329
)
 
(339
)
$
(305
)
 
12,208

11,347

Total net revenue
804

(158
)
 
(935
)
$
(834
)
 
25,470

24,380

Provision for credit losses

(1
)
 


 
1,215

1,402

Noninterest expense
183

(273
)
 


 
14,506

13,638

Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
621

116

 
(935
)
(834
)
 
9,749

9,340

Income tax expense/(benefit)
51

282

 
(935
)
(834
)
 
2,720

3,140

Net income/(loss)
$
570

$
(166
)
 
$

$

 
$
7,029

$
6,200

Average equity
$
80,200

$
84,429

 
$

$

 
$
230,200

$
224,429

Total assets
817,754

778,359

 
NA

NA

 
2,563,174

2,466,096

Return on equity
NM

NM

 
NM

NM

 
12
%
10
%
Overhead ratio
NM

NM

 
NM

NM

 
57

56

(a)
Segment managed results reflect revenue on a FTE basis with the corresponding income tax impact recorded within income tax expense/(benefit). These adjustments are eliminated in reconciling items to arrive at the Firm’s reported U.S. GAAP results.

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Segment results and reconciliation(a)

As of or for the six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
Consumer &
Community Banking
 
Corporate &
Investment Bank
 
Commercial Banking
 
Asset & Wealth Management
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

Noninterest revenue
$
7,001

$
7,944

 
$
13,380

$
12,009

 
$
1,182

$
1,142

 
$
4,634

$
4,437

Net interest income
15,381

14,624

 
5,045

5,291

 
2,924

2,478

 
1,665

1,474

Total net revenue
22,382

22,568

 
18,425

17,300

 
4,106

3,620

 
6,299

5,911

Provision for credit losses
2,824

2,251

 
(149
)
694

 
(167
)
279

 
22

5

Noninterest expense
12,895

12,092

 
9,962

9,886

 
1,615

1,444

 
4,772

4,173

Income before income tax expense
6,663

8,225

 
8,612

6,720

 
2,658

1,897

 
1,505

1,733

Income tax expense
2,452

3,079

 
2,661

2,248

 
957

705

 
496

625

Net income
$
4,211

$
5,146

 
$
5,951

$
4,472

 
$
1,701

$
1,192

 
$
1,009

$
1,108

Average common equity
$
51,000

$
51,000

 
$
70,000

$
64,000

 
$
20,000

$
16,000

 
$
9,000

$
9,000

Total assets
529,859

519,187

 
847,377

826,019

 
220,676

208,151

 
147,508

134,380

Return on common equity
16%

19
%
 
16%

13
%
 
16%

14
%
 
22%

24
%
Overhead ratio
58

54

 
54

57

 
39

40

 
76

71

As of or for the six months ended June 30,
(in millions, except ratios)
Corporate
 
Reconciling Items(a)
 
Total
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

 
2017

2016

Noninterest revenue
$
854

$
440

 
$
(1,178
)
$
(1,080
)
 
$
25,873

$
24,892

Net interest income
(75
)
(542
)
 
(668
)
(598
)
 
24,272

22,727

Total net revenue
779

(102
)
 
(1,846
)
(1,678
)
 
50,145

47,619

Provision for credit losses

(3
)
 


 
2,530

3,226

Noninterest expense
281

(120
)
 


 
29,525

27,475

Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)
498

21

 
(1,846
)
(1,678
)
 
18,090

16,918

Income tax expense/(benefit)
(107
)
219

 
(1,846
)
(1,678
)
 
4,613

5,198

Net income/(loss)
$
605

$
(198
)
 
$

$

 
$
13,477

$
11,720

Average common equity
$
78,959

$
82,995

 
$

$

 
$
228,959

$
222,995

Total assets
817,754

778,359

 
NA

NA

 
2,563,174

2,466,096

Return on common equity
NM

NM

 
NM

NM

 
11%

10
%
Overhead ratio
NM

NM

 
NM

NM

 
59

58

(a)
Segment managed results reflect revenue on a FTE basis with the corresponding income tax impact recorded within income tax expense/(benefit). These FTE adjustments are eliminated in reconciling items to arrive at the Firm’s reported U.S. GAAP results.


163


Note 23 – Business changes and developments
Student loan portfolio transfer and sale
The Firm transferred the student loan portfolio to held-for-sale in the first quarter of 2017. The transfer resulted in a write-down of the portfolio to the estimated fair value at the time of the transfer. This write-down was recognized predominantly as a $467 million charge-off, resulting in a $218 million increase in the provision for credit losses after utilization of the allowance for loan losses of $249 million in the first quarter of 2017. The Firm sold substantially all of the portfolio in the second quarter of 2017, and such sale did not have a material impact on the Firm’s Consolidated Financial Statements.




164


pwclogobw.jpg

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm


To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of JPMorgan Chase & Co.:
We have reviewed the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its subsidiaries (the
“Firm”) as of June 30, 2017, and the related consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 and changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. These interim financial statements are the responsibility of the Firm’s management.
We conducted our review in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). A review of interim financial information consists principally of applying analytical procedures and making inquiries of persons responsible for financial and accounting matters. It is substantially less in scope than an audit conducted in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the objective of which is the expression of an opinion regarding the financial statements taken as a whole. Accordingly, we do not express such an opinion.
Based on our review, we are not aware of any material modifications that should be made to the accompanying consolidated interim financial statements for them to be in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

 
We previously audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2016, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the year then ended (not presented herein), and in our report dated February 28, 2017, we expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, the information set forth in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet information as of December 31, 2016, is fairly stated in all material respects in relation to the consolidated balance sheet from which it has been derived.
pwcsig1q2016.jpg
August 2, 2017



























PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 300 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10017

165


JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated average balance sheets, interest and rates
(Taxable-equivalent interest and rates; in millions, except rates)
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended June 30, 2017
 
Three months ended June 30, 2016
 
Average
balance
Interest(e)
 
Rate
(annualized)
 
Average
balance
Interest(e)
 
Rate
(annualized)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits with banks
$
437,637

$
1,008

 
0.92
 %
 
 
$
379,001

$
466

 
0.49%

 
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
193,302

528

 
1.10

 
 
201,871

576

 
1.15

 
Securities borrowed
90,151

(21
)
(f) 
(0.09
)
 
 
101,669

(96
)
(f) 
(0.38
)
 
Trading assets – debt instruments
234,809

1,834

 
3.13

 
 
215,780

1,878

 
3.50

 
Taxable securities
229,196

1,410

 
2.47

 
 
235,641

1,380

 
2.36

 
Nontaxable securities(a)
45,499

720

 
6.35

 
 
44,400

671

 
6.08

 
Total securities
274,695

2,130

 
3.11

(g) 
 
280,041

2,051

 
2.95

(g) 
Loans
904,969

10,066

 
4.46

 
 
859,727

9,032

 
4.22

 
Other assets(b)
41,546

444

 
4.28

 
 
41,436

211

 
2.06

 
Total interest-earning assets
2,177,109

15,989

 
2.95

 
 
2,079,525

14,118

 
2.73

 
Allowance for loan losses
(13,350
)
 
 
 
 
 
(13,983
)
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
19,742

 
 
 
 
 
18,956

 
 
 
 
Trading assets – equity instruments
126,127

 
 
 
 
 
99,626

 
 
 
 
Trading assets – derivative receivables
58,250

 
 
 
 
 
69,823

 
 
 
 
Goodwill
47,290

 
 
 
 
 
47,309

 
 
 
 
Mortgage servicing rights
5,774

 
 
 
 
 
5,512

 
 
 
 
Other intangible assets
838

 
 
 
 
 
928

 
 
 
 
Other assets
137,456

 
 
 
 
 
133,493

 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
2,559,236

 
 
 
 
 
$
2,441,189

 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits
$
1,006,008

$
629

 
0.25
 %
 
 
$
919,759

$
321

 
0.14%

 
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
196,331

387

 
0.79

 
 
176,855

282

 
0.64

 
Commercial paper
19,466

63

 
1.29

 
 
17,462

38

 
0.88

 
Trading liabilities – debt, short-term and other liabilities(c)(d)
197,066

548

 
1.12

 
 
200,141

314

 
0.63

 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
34,083

128

 
1.51

 
 
38,411

118

 
1.24

 
Long-term debt
295,868

1,687

 
2.29

 
 
291,726

1,393

 
1.92

 
Total interest-bearing liabilities
1,748,822

3,442

 
0.79

 
 
1,644,354

2,466

 
0.60

 
Noninterest-bearing deposits
404,121

 
 
 
 
 
396,207

 
 
 
 
Trading liabilities – equity instruments(d)
19,346

 
 
 
 
 
20,747

 
 
 
 
Trading liabilities – derivative payables
44,740

 
 
 
 
 
54,048

 
 
 
 
All other liabilities, including the allowance for lending-related commitments
85,939

 
 
 
 
 
75,336

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
2,302,968

 
 
 
 
 
2,190,692

 
 
 
 
Stockholders’ equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock
26,068

 
 
 
 
 
26,068

 
 
 
 
Common stockholders’ equity
230,200

 
 
 
 
 
224,429

 
 
 
 
Total stockholders’ equity
256,268

 
 
 
 
 
250,497

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
2,559,236

 
 
 
 
 
$
2,441,189

 
 
 
 
Interest rate spread
 
 
 
2.16
 %
 
 
 
 
 
2.13%

 
Net interest income and net yield on interest-earning assets
 
$
12,547

 
2.31

 
 
 
$
11,652

 
2.25

 
(a)
Represents securities which are tax exempt for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
(b)
Includes margin loans.
(c)
Includes brokerage customer payables.
(d)
Included trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments of $90,499 million and $95,151 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
(e)
Interest includes the effect of certain related hedging derivatives. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable.
(f)
Negative interest income and yield is related to client-driven demand for certain securities combined with the impact of low interest rates; this is matched book activity and the negative interest expense on the corresponding securities loaned is recognized in interest expense and reported within trading liabilities – debt, short-term and other liabilities.
(g)
For the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the annualized rates for securities, based on amortized cost, were 3.15% and 3.00%, respectively; this does not give effect to changes in fair value that are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss).

166


JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Consolidated average balance sheets, interest and rates
(Taxable-equivalent interest and rates; in millions, except rates)
 
 
 
 
 
Six months ended June 30, 2017
 
Six months ended June 30, 2016
 
Average
balance
Interest(e)
 
Rate
(annualized)
 
Average
balance
Interest(e)
 
Rate
(annualized)
Assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deposits with banks
$
429,946

$
1,730

 
0.81
 %
 
 
$
371,600

$
926

 
0.50
 %
 
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
195,122

1,054

 
1.09

 
 
203,433

1,130

 
1.12

 
Securities borrowed
92,747

(65
)
(f) 
(0.14
)
 
 
102,565

(188
)
(f) 
(0.37
)
 
Trading assets – debt instruments
230,330

3,717

 
3.25

 
 
212,047

3,594

 
3.41

 
Taxable securities
234,967

2,840

 
2.44

 
 
238,008

2,822

 
2.38

 
Nontaxable securities(a)
45,133

1,410

 
6.30

 
 
44,257

1,336

 
6.07

 
Total securities
280,100

4,250

 
3.06

(g) 
 
282,265

4,158

 
2.96

(g) 
Loans
898,473

19,888

 
4.46

 
 
850,126

17,939

 
4.24

 
Other assets(b)
42,337

786

 
3.74

 
 
39,718

404

 
2.05

 
Total interest-earning assets
2,169,055

31,360

 
2.92

 
 
2,061,754

27,963

 
2.73

 
Allowance for loan losses
(13,536
)
 
 
 
 
 
(13,810
)
 
 
 
 
Cash and due from banks
19,800

 
 
 
 
 
18,450

 
 
 
 
Trading assets – equity instruments
120,735

 
 
 
 
 
92,453

 
 
 
 
Trading assets – derivative receivables
59,816

 
 
 
 
 
70,237

 
 
 
 
Goodwill
47,292

 
 
 
 
 
47,320

 
 
 
 
Mortgage servicing rights
5,938

 
 
 
 
 
5,715

 
 
 
 
Other intangible assets
845

 
 
 
 
 
957

 
 
 
 
Other assets
136,326

 
 
 
 
 
134,979

 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
2,546,271

 
 
 
 
 
$
2,418,055

 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest-bearing deposits
$
996,067

$
1,112

 
0.23
 %
 
 
$
904,050

$
641

 
0.14
 %
 
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements
192,990

680

 
0.71

 
 
174,050

542

 
0.63

 
Commercial paper
16,432

103

 
1.26

 
 
17,499

71

 
0.82

 
Trading liabilities – debt, short-term and other liabilities(c)(d)
198,515

986

 
1.00

 
 
198,187

541

 
0.55

 
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
36,416

263

 
1.46

 
 
39,125

231

 
1.19

 
Long-term debt
294,056

3,276

 
2.25

 
 
289,943

2,612

 
1.81

 
Total interest-bearing liabilities
1,734,476

6,420

 
0.75

 
 
1,622,854

4,638

 
0.57

 
Noninterest-bearing deposits
404,831

 
 
 
 
 
395,568

 
 
 
 
Trading liabilities – equity instruments(d)
20,204

 
 
 
 
 
19,625

 
 
 
 
Trading liabilities – derivative payables
46,547

 
 
 
 
 
57,319

 
 
 
 
All other liabilities, including the allowance for lending-related commitments
85,186

 
 
 
 
 
73,626

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities
2,291,244

 
 
 
 
 
2,168,992

 
 
 
 
Stockholders’ equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Preferred stock
26,068

 
 
 
 
 
26,068

 
 
 
 
Common stockholders’ equity
228,959

 
 
 
 
 
222,995

 
 
 
 
Total stockholders’ equity
255,027

 
 
 
 
 
249,063

 
 
 
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
2,546,271

 
 
 
 
 
$
2,418,055

 
 
 
 
Interest rate spread
 


 
2.17
 %
 
 
 
 
 
2.16
 %
 
Net interest income and net yield on interest-earning assets
 
$
24,940

 
2.32

 
 
 
$
23,325

 
2.28

 
(a)
Represents securities which are tax exempt for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
(b)
Includes margin loans.
(c)
Includes brokerage customer payables.
(d)
Included trading liabilities - debt and equity instruments of $92,283 million and $91,434 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
(e)
Interest includes the effect of certain related hedging derivatives. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable.
(f)
Negative interest income and yield is related to client-driven demand for certain securities combined with the impact of low interest rates; this is matched book activity and the negative interest expense on the corresponding securities loaned is recognized in interest expense and reported within trading liabilities - debt, short-term and other liabilities.
(g)
For the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the annualized rates for securities, based on amortized cost, were 3.09% and 3.01% respectively; this does not give effect to changes in fair value that are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss).

167


GLOSSARY OF TERMS AND ACRONYMS
2016 Annual Report or 2016 Form 10-K: Annual report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 2016, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
ABS: Asset-backed securities
Active foreclosures: Loans referred to foreclosure where formal foreclosure proceedings are ongoing. Includes both judicial and non-judicial states.
AFS: Available-for-sale
Allowance for loan losses to total loans: represents period-end allowance for loan losses divided by retained loans.
AOCI: Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
ARM(s): Adjustable rate mortgage(s)
AWM: Asset & Wealth Management
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs: represents the interest of third-party holders of debt, equity securities, or other obligations, issued by VIEs that JPMorgan Chase consolidates.
Benefit obligation: refers to the projected benefit obligation for pension plans and the accumulated postretirement benefit obligation for OPEB plans.
BHC: Bank holding company
CB: Commercial Banking
CBB: Consumer & Business Banking
CCAR: Comprehensive Capital Analysis and Review
CCB: Consumer & Community Banking
CCP: “Central counterparty” is a clearing house that interposes itself between counterparties to contracts traded in one or more financial markets, becoming the buyer to every seller and the seller to every buyer and thereby ensuring the future performance of open contracts. A CCP becomes counterparty to trades with market participants through novation, an open offer system, or another legally binding arrangement.
CDS: Credit default swaps
CEO: Chief Executive Officer
CET1 Capital: Common Equity Tier 1 Capital
CFTC: Commodity Futures Trading Commission
CFO: Chief Financial Officer
Chase Bank USA, N.A.: Chase Bank USA, National Association
CIB: Corporate & Investment Bank
CIO: Chief Investment Office
Client deposits and other third party liabilities: Deposits, as well as deposits that are swept to on-balance sheet liabilities (e.g., commercial paper, federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements) as part of client cash management programs.
CLO: Collateralized loan obligations
 
CLTV: Combined loan-to-value
Collateral-dependent: A loan is considered to be collateral-dependent when repayment of the loan is expected to be provided solely by the underlying collateral, rather than by cash flows from the borrower’s operations, income or other resources.
Commercial Card: provides a wide range of payment services to corporate and public sector clients worldwide through the commercial card products. Services include procurement, corporate travel and entertainment, expense management services, and business-to-business payment solutions.
Core loans: represents loans considered central to the Firm’s ongoing businesses; core loans exclude loans classified as trading assets, runoff portfolios, discontinued portfolios and portfolios the Firm has an intent to exit.
Credit derivatives: Financial instruments whose value is derived from the credit risk associated with the debt of a third party issuer (the reference entity) which allow one party (the protection purchaser) to transfer that risk to another party (the protection seller). Upon the occurrence of a credit event by the reference entity, which may include, among other events, the bankruptcy or failure to pay its obligations, or certain restructurings of the debt of the reference entity, neither party has recourse to the reference entity. The protection purchaser has recourse to the protection seller for the difference between the face value of the CDS contract and the fair value at the time of settling the credit derivative contract. The determination as to whether a credit event has occurred is generally made by the relevant International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) Determinations Committee.
Criticized: Criticized loans, lending-related commitments and derivative receivables that are classified as special mention, substandard and doubtful categories for regulatory purposes and are generally consistent with a rating of CCC+/Caa1 and below, as defined by S&P and Moody’s.
CRO: Chief Risk Officer
CVA: Credit valuation adjustments
DFAST: Dodd-Frank Act Stress Test
Dodd-Frank Act: Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
DOJ: U.S. Department of Justice
DOL: U.S. Department of Labor
DVA: Debit valuation adjustment
E&P: Exploration & Production
EC: European Commission
Eligible LTD: Long-term debt satisfying certain eligibility criteria
Embedded derivatives: are implicit or explicit terms or features of a financial instrument that affect some or all of

168


the cash flows or the value of the instrument in a manner similar to a derivative. An instrument containing such terms or features is referred to as a “hybrid.” The component of the hybrid that is the non-derivative instrument is referred to as the “host.” For example, callable debt is a hybrid instrument that contains a plain vanilla debt instrument (i.e., the host) and an embedded option that allows the issuer to redeem the debt issue at a specified date for a specified amount (i.e., the embedded derivative). However, a floating rate instrument is not a hybrid composed of a fixed-rate instrument and an interest rate swap.
ERISA: Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974
EPS: Earnings per share
Exchange-traded derivatives: Derivative contracts that are executed on an exchange and settled via a central clearing house.
Fannie Mae: Federal National Mortgage Association
FASB: Financial Accounting Standards Board
FCA: Financial Conduct Authority
FCC: Firmwide Control Committee
FDIA: Federal Depository Insurance Act
FDIC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal Reserve: The Board of the Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Fee share: Proportion of fee revenue based on estimates of investment banking fees generated across the industry from investment banking transactions in M&A, equity and debt underwriting, and loan syndications. Source: Dealogic, a third party provider of investment banking fee competitive analysis and volume-based league tables for the above noted industry products.
FFELP: Federal Family Education Loan Program
FFIEC: Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council
FHA: Federal Housing Administration
FHLB: Federal Home Loan Bank
FICO score: A measure of consumer credit risk provided by credit bureaus, typically produced from statistical models by Fair Isaac Corporation utilizing data collected by the credit bureaus.
Firm: JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Forward points: represents the interest rate differential between two currencies, which is either added to or subtracted from the current exchange rate (i.e., “spot rate”) to determine the forward exchange rate.
Free-standing derivatives: is a derivative contract entered into either separate and apart from any of the Firms other financial instruments or equity transactions. Or, in conjunction with some other transaction and is legally detachable and separately exercisable.
FSB: Financial Stability Board
FTE: Fully taxable-equivalent
 
FVA: Funding valuation adjustment
FX: Foreign exchange
G7: “Group of Seven nations”: Countries in the G7 are Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the U.K. and the U.S.
G7 government bonds: Bonds issued by the government of one of the G7 nations.
Ginnie Mae: Government National Mortgage Association
GSE: Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
GSIB: Globally systemically important banks
HAMP: Home affordable modification program
Headcount-related expense: Includes salary and benefits (excluding performance-based incentives), and other     noncompensation costs related to employees.
HELOAN: Home equity loan
HELOC: Home equity line of credit
Home equity – senior lien: represents loans and commitments where JPMorgan Chase holds the first security interest on the property.
Home equity – junior lien: represents loans and commitments where JPMorgan Chase holds a security interest that is subordinate in rank to other liens.
HQLA: High quality liquid assets
HTM: Held-to-maturity
IDI: Insured depository institutions
IHC: JPMorgan Chase Holdings LLC, an intermediate holding company
Impaired loan: Impaired loans are loans measured at amortized cost, for which it is probable that the Firm will be unable to collect all amounts due, including principal and interest, according to the contractual terms of the agreement. Impaired loans include the following:
All wholesale nonaccrual loans
All TDRs (both wholesale and consumer), including ones that have returned to accrual status
Interchange income: A fee paid to a credit card issuer in the clearing and settlement of a sales or cash advance transaction.
Investment-grade: An indication of credit quality based on JPMorgan Chase’s internal risk assessment system. “Investment grade” generally represents a risk profile similar to a rating of a “BBB-”/“Baa3” or better, as defined by independent rating agencies.
IR: Interest rate
ISDA: International Swaps and Derivatives Association
JPMorgan Chase: JPMorgan Chase & Co.
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.: JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association
JPMorgan Securities: J.P. Morgan Securities LLC
LCR: Liquidity coverage ratio

169


LGD: Loss given default
LIBOR: London Interbank Offered Rate
LLC: Limited Liability Company
LOB: Line of business
Loss emergence period: represents the time period between the date at which the loss is estimated to have been incurred and the realization of that loss.
LTIP: Long-term incentive plan
LTV: “Loan-to-value ratio”: For residential real estate loans, the relationship, expressed as a percentage, between the principal amount of a loan and the appraised value of the collateral (i.e., residential real estate) securing the loan.
Origination date LTV ratio
The LTV ratio at the origination date of the loan. Origination date LTV ratios are calculated based on the actual appraised values of collateral (i.e., loan-level data) at the origination date.
Current estimated LTV ratio
An estimate of the LTV as of a certain date. The current estimated LTV ratios are calculated using estimated collateral values derived from a nationally recognized home price index measured at the metropolitan statistical area (“MSA”) level. These MSA-level home price indices consist of actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. As a result, the estimated collateral values used to calculate these ratios do not represent actual appraised loan-level collateral values; as such, the resulting LTV ratios are necessarily imprecise and should therefore be viewed as estimates.
Combined LTV ratio
The LTV ratio considering all available lien positions, as well as unused lines, related to the property. Combined LTV ratios are used for junior lien home equity products.
Master netting agreement: An agreement between two counterparties who have multiple contracts with each other that provides for the net settlement of all contracts, as well as cash collateral, through a single payment, in a single currency, in the event of default on or termination of any one contract.
MBS: Mortgage-backed securities
MD&A: Management’s discussion and analysis
MMDA: Money Market Deposit Accounts
Moody’s: Moody’s Investor Services
Mortgage product types:
Alt-A
Alt-A loans are generally higher in credit quality than subprime loans but have characteristics that would disqualify the borrower from a traditional prime loan. Alt-A lending characteristics may include one or more of the following: (i) limited documentation; (ii) a high CLTV ratio; (iii) loans secured by non-owner occupied properties; or (iv) a debt-to-income ratio above normal limits. A substantial
 
proportion of the Firm’s Alt-A loans are those where a borrower does not provide complete documentation of his or her assets or the amount or source of his or her income.
Option ARMs
The option ARM real estate loan product is an adjustable-rate mortgage loan that provides the borrower with the option each month to make a fully amortizing, interest-only or minimum payment. The minimum payment on an option ARM loan is based on the interest rate charged during the introductory period. This introductory rate is usually significantly below the fully indexed rate. The fully indexed rate is calculated using an index rate plus a margin. Once the introductory period ends, the contractual interest rate charged on the loan increases to the fully indexed rate and adjusts monthly to reflect movements in the index. The minimum payment is typically insufficient to cover interest accrued in the prior month, and any unpaid interest is deferred and added to the principal balance of the loan. Option ARM loans are subject to payment recast, which converts the loan to a variable-rate fully amortizing loan upon meeting specified loan balance and anniversary date triggers.
Prime
Prime mortgage loans are made to borrowers with good credit records who meet specific underwriting requirements, including prescriptive requirements related to income and overall debt levels. New prime mortgage borrowers provide full documentation and generally have reliable payment histories.
Subprime
Subprime loans are loans that, prior to mid-2008, were offered to certain customers with one or more high risk characteristics, including but not limited to: (i) unreliable or poor payment histories; (ii) a high LTV ratio of greater than 80% (without borrower-paid mortgage insurance); (iii) a high debt-to-income ratio; (iv) an occupancy type for the loan is other than the borrower’s primary residence; or (v) a history of delinquencies or late payments on the loan.
MSA: Metropolitan statistical areas
MSR: Mortgage servicing rights
NA: Data is not applicable or available for the period presented.
Net Capital Rule: Rule 15c3-1 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Net charge-off/(recovery) rate: represents net charge-offs/(recoveries) (annualized) divided by average retained loans for the reporting period.
Net yield on interest-earning assets: The average rate for interest-earning assets less the average rate paid for all sources of funds.
NM: Not meaningful
NOL: Net operating loss
Nonaccrual loans: Loans for which interest income is not recognized on an accrual basis. Loans (other than credit

170


card loans and certain consumer loans insured by U.S. government agencies) are placed on nonaccrual status when full payment of principal and interest is not expected, regardless of delinquency status, or when principal and interest has been in default for a period of 90 days or more unless the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection. Collateral-dependent loans are typically maintained on nonaccrual status.
Nonperforming assets: Nonperforming assets include nonaccrual loans, nonperforming derivatives and certain assets acquired in loan satisfactions, predominantly real estate owned and other commercial and personal property.
NOW: Negotiable Order of Withdrawal
NSFR: Net stable funding ratio
OAS: Option-adjusted spread
OCC: Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
OCI: Other comprehensive income/(loss)
OEP: One Equity Partners
OIS: Overnight index swap
OPEB: Other postretirement employee benefit
OTC: “Over-the-counter derivatives”: Derivative contracts that are negotiated, executed and settled bilaterally between two derivative counterparties, where one or both counterparties is a derivatives dealer.
OTC cleared: “Over-the-counter cleared derivatives”: Derivative contracts that are negotiated and executed bilaterally, but subsequently settled via a central clearing house, such that each derivative counterparty is only exposed to the default of that clearing house.
OTTI: Other-than-temporary impairment
Overhead ratio: Noninterest expense as a percentage of total net revenue.
Parent Company: JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Participating securities: represents unvested stock-based compensation awards containing nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents (collectively, “dividends”), which are included in the earnings per share calculation using the two-class method. JPMorgan Chase grants restricted stock and RSUs to certain employees under its stock-based compensation programs, which entitle the recipients to receive nonforfeitable dividends during the vesting period on a basis equivalent to the dividends paid to holders of common stock. These unvested awards meet the definition of participating securities. Under the two-class method, all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated to each class of common stock and participating securities, based on their respective rights to receive dividends.
PCA: Prompt corrective action
PCI: “Purchased credit-impaired” loans represents loans that were acquired in the Washington Mutual transaction and deemed to be credit-impaired on the acquisition date in accordance with the guidance of the FASB. The guidance
 
allows purchasers to aggregate credit-impaired loans acquired in the same fiscal quarter into one or more pools, provided that the loans have common risk characteristics (e.g., product type, LTV ratios, FICO scores, past due status, geographic location). A pool is then accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows.
PD: Probability of default
PRA: Prudential Regulatory Authority
Pre-provision profit/(loss): represents total net revenue less noninterest expense. The Firm believes that this financial measure is useful in assessing the ability of a lending institution to generate income in excess of its provision for credit losses.
Principal transactions revenue: Principal transactions revenue is driven by many factors, including the bid-offer spread, which is the difference between the price at which the Firm is willing to buy a financial or other instrument and the price at which the Firm is willing to sell that instrument. It also consists of realized (as a result of closing out or termination of transactions, or interim cash payments) and unrealized (as a result of changes in valuation) gains and losses on financial and other instruments (including those accounted for under the fair value option) primarily used in client-driven market-making activities and on private equity investments. In connection with its client-driven market-making activities, the Firm transacts in debt and equity instruments, derivatives and commodities (including physical commodities inventories and financial instruments that reference commodities). Principal transactions revenue also includes certain realized and unrealized gains and losses related to hedge accounting and specified risk-management activities, including: (a) certain derivatives designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships (primarily fair value hedges of commodity and foreign exchange risk), (b) certain derivatives used for specific risk management purposes, primarily to mitigate credit risk, foreign exchange risk and commodity risk, and (c) other derivatives.
PSU(s): Performance share units
Receivables from customers: primarily represents margin loans to brokerage customers that are collateralized through assets maintained in the clients’ brokerage accounts, as such no allowance is held against these receivables. These receivables are reported within accrued interest and accounts receivable on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets.
Regulatory VaR: Daily aggregated VaR calculated in accordance with regulatory rules.
REO: Real estate owned
Reported basis: Financial statements prepared under U.S. GAAP, which excludes the impact of taxable-equivalent adjustments.
Retained loans: Loans that are held-for-investment (i.e. excludes loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value).

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Revenue wallet: Total fee revenue based on estimates of investment banking fees generated across the industry (i.e., the revenue wallet) from investment banking transactions in M&A, equity and debt underwriting, and loan syndications. Source: Dealogic, a third-party provider of investment banking competitive analysis and volume based league tables for the above noted industry products.
RHS: Rural Housing Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture
ROE: Return on equity
ROTCE: Return on tangible common equity
RSU(s): Restricted stock units
RWA: “Risk-weighted assets”: Basel III establishes two comprehensive methodologies for calculating RWA (a Standardized approach and an Advanced approach) which include capital requirements for credit risk, market risk, and in the case of Basel III Advanced, also operational risk. Key differences in the calculation of credit risk RWA between the Standardized and Advanced approaches are that for Basel III Advanced, credit risk RWA is based on risk-sensitive approaches which largely rely on the use of internal credit models and parameters, whereas for Basel III Standardized, credit risk RWA is generally based on supervisory risk-weightings which vary primarily by counterparty type and asset class. Market risk RWA is calculated on a generally consistent basis between Basel III Standardized and Basel III Advanced.
S&P: Standard and Poor’s 500 Index
SAR(s): Stock appreciation rights
SCCL: Single-counterparty credit limits
SEC: Securities and Exchange Commission
Seed capital: Initial JPMorgan capital invested in products, such as mutual funds, with the intention of ensuring the fund is of sufficient size to represent a viable offering to clients, enabling pricing of its shares, and allowing the manager to develop a track record. After these goals are achieved, the intent is to remove the Firm’s capital from the investment.
Short sale: is a sale of real estate in which proceeds from selling the underlying property are less than the amount owed the Firm under the terms of the related mortgage and the related lien is released upon receipt of such proceeds.
Single-name: Single reference-entities
SLR: Supplementary leverage ratio
SMBS: Stripped mortgage-backed securities
SOA: Society of Actuaries
SPEs: Special purpose entities
Structural interest rate risk: represents interest rate risk of the non-trading assets and liabilities of the Firm.
Structured notes: Structured notes are predominantly financial instruments containing embedded derivatives. Where present, the embedded derivative is the primary driver of risk.
 
Suspended foreclosures: Loans referred to foreclosure where formal foreclosure proceedings have started but are currently on hold, which could be due to bankruptcy or loss mitigation. Includes both judicial and non-judicial states.
Taxable-equivalent basis: In presenting managed results, the total net revenue for each of the business segments and the Firm is presented on a tax-equivalent basis. Accordingly, revenue from investments that receive tax credits and tax-exempt securities is presented in the managed results on a basis comparable to taxable investments and securities; the corresponding income tax impact related to tax-exempt items is recorded within income tax expense.
TBVPS: Tangible book value per share
TCE: Tangible common equity
TDR: “Troubled debt restructuring” is deemed to occur when the Firm modifies the original terms of a loan agreement by granting a concession to a borrower that is experiencing financial difficulty.
TLAC: Total Loss Absorbing Capacity
U.K.: United Kingdom
Unaudited: Financial statements and information that have not been subjected to auditing procedures sufficient to permit an independent certified public accountant to express an opinion.
U.S.: United States of America
U.S. GAAP: Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
U.S. GSE(s): “U.S. government-sponsored enterprises”: In the U.S., GSEs are quasi-governmental, privately-held entities established by Congress to improve the flow of credit to specific sectors of the economy and provide certain essential services to the public. U.S. GSEs include Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, but do not include Ginnie Mae, which is directly owned by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. U.S. GSE obligations are not explicitly guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government.
U.S. Treasury: U.S. Department of the Treasury
VA: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
VaR: “Value-at-risk” is a measure of the dollar amount of potential loss from adverse market moves in an ordinary market environment.
VIEs: Variable interest entities
Warehouse loans: consist of prime mortgages originated with the intent to sell that are accounted for at fair value and classified as trading assets.
Washington Mutual transaction: On September 25, 2008, JPMorgan Chase acquired certain of the assets of the banking operations of Washington Mutual Bank (“Washington Mutual”) from the FDIC.

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LINE OF BUSINESS METRICS
CONSUMER & COMMUNITY BANKING (“CCB”)
Households: A household is a collection of individuals or entities aggregated together by name, address, tax identifier and phone. Reported on a one-month lag.
Debit and credit card sales volume: Dollar amount of cardmember purchases, net of returns.
Deposit margin/deposit spread: represents net interest income expressed as a percentage of average deposits.
Mortgage Production and Mortgage Servicing revenue comprises the following:
Net production revenue: includes net gains or losses on originations and sales of mortgage loans, other production-related fees and losses related to the repurchase of previously-sold loans.
Net mortgage servicing revenue: includes the following components:
a) Operating revenue predominantly represents the return on Mortgage Servicing’s MSR asset and includes:
Actual gross income earned from servicing third-party mortgage loans, such as contractually specified servicing fees and ancillary income; and
The change in the fair value of the MSR asset due to the collection or realization of expected cash flows.
b) Risk management represents the components of Mortgage Servicing’s MSR asset that are subject to ongoing risk management activities, together with derivatives and other instruments used in those risk management activities.
Mortgage origination channels comprise the following:
Retail: Borrowers who buy or refinance a home through direct contact with a mortgage banker employed by the Firm using a branch office, the Internet or by phone. Borrowers are frequently referred to a mortgage banker by a banker in a Chase branch, real estate brokers, home builders or other third parties.
Correspondent: Banks, thrifts, other mortgage banks and other financial institutions that sell closed loans to the Firm.
Card Services: includes the Card and Commerce Solutions businesses.
Card: is a business that primarily issues credit cards to consumers and small businesses.
Commerce Solutions: is a business that primarily processes transactions for merchants.
Net revenue rate: represents Card Services net revenue (annualized) expressed as a percentage of average loans for the period.
Auto loan and lease origination volume: Dollar amount of auto loans and leases originated.
 
CORPORATE & INVESTMENT BANK (“CIB”)
Definition of selected CIB revenue:
Investment Banking: incorporates all revenue associated with investment banking activities, and is reported net of investment banking revenue shared with other lines of business.
Treasury Services: offers a broad range of products and services that enable clients to manage payments and receipts, as well as invest and manage funds. Products include U.S. dollar and multi-currency clearing, ACH, lockbox, disbursement and reconciliation services, check deposits, and currency-related services.
Lending: includes net interest income, fees, gains or losses on loan sale activity, gains or losses on securities received as part of a loan restructuring, and the risk management results related to the credit portfolio. Lending also includes Trade Finance, which includes loans tied directly to goods crossing borders, export/import loans, commercial letters of credit, standby letters of credit, and supply chain finance.
Fixed Income Markets: primarily includes revenue related to market-making across global fixed income markets, including foreign exchange, interest rate, credit and commodities markets.
Equity Markets: primarily includes revenue related to market-making across global equity products, including cash instruments, derivatives, convertibles and Prime Services.
Securities Services: primarily includes custody, fund accounting and administration, and securities lending products sold principally to asset managers, insurance companies and public and private investment funds. Also includes clearance, collateral management and depositary receipts business which provides broker-dealer clearing and custody services, including tri-party repo transactions, collateral management products, and depositary bank services for American and global depositary receipt programs.
Description of certain business metrics:
Assets under custody (“AUC”): represents activities associated with the safekeeping and servicing of assets on which Securities Services earns fees.
Investment banking fees: represents advisory, equity underwriting, bond underwriting and loan syndication fees.

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COMMERCIAL BANKING (“CB”)
CB is divided into four primary client segments: Middle Market Banking, Corporate Client Banking, Commercial Term Lending, and Real Estate Banking.
Middle Market Banking: covers corporate, municipal and nonprofit clients, with annual revenue generally ranging between $20 million and $500 million.
Corporate Client Banking: covers clients with annual revenue generally ranging between $500 million and $2 billion and focuses on clients that have broader investment banking needs.
Commercial Term Lending: primarily provides term financing to real estate investors/owners for multifamily properties as well as office, retail and industrial properties.
Real Estate Banking: provides full-service banking to investors and developers of institutional-grade real estate investment properties.
Other: primarily includes lending and investment-related activities within the Community Development Banking business.
CB product revenue comprises the following:
Lending: includes a variety of financing alternatives, which are primarily provided on a secured basis; collateral includes receivables, inventory, equipment, real estate or other assets. Products include term loans, revolving lines of credit, bridge financing, asset-based structures, leases, and standby letters of credit.
Treasury services: includes revenue from a broad range of products and services that enable CB clients to manage payments and receipts, as well as invest and manage funds.
Investment banking: includes revenue from a range of products providing CB clients with sophisticated capital-raising alternatives, as well as balance sheet and risk management tools through advisory, equity underwriting, and loan syndications. Revenue from fixed income and equity market products used by CB clients is also included.
Other: product revenue primarily includes tax-equivalent adjustments generated from Community Development Banking activity and certain income derived from principal transactions.
 
ASSET & WEALTH MANAGEMENT (“AWM”)
Assets under management (“AUM”): represent assets managed by AWM on behalf of its Private Banking, Institutional and Retail clients. Includes “Committed capital not Called.”
Client assets: represent assets under management, as well as custody, brokerage, administration and deposit accounts.
Multi-asset: Any fund or account that allocates assets under management to more than one asset class.
Alternative assets: The following types of assets constitute alternative investments – hedge funds, currency, real estate, private equity and other investment funds designed to focus on nontraditional strategies.
AWM’s lines of business consist of the following:
Asset Management: provides comprehensive global investment services - including asset management, pension analytics, asset-liability management and active risk-budgeting strategies.
Wealth Management: offers investment advice and wealth management, including investment management, capital markets and risk management, tax and estate planning, banking, lending and specialty-wealth advisory services.
AWM’s client segments consist of the following:
Private Banking: clients include high- and ultra-high-net-worth individuals, families, money managers, business owners and small corporations worldwide.
Institutional: clients include both corporate and public institutions, endowments, foundations, nonprofit organizations and governments worldwide.
Retail: clients include financial intermediaries and individual investors.

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Asset Management has two high-level measures of its overall fund performance:
Percentage of mutual fund assets under management in funds rated 4- or 5-star: Mutual fund rating services rank funds based on their risk-adjusted performance over various periods. A 5-star rating is the best rating and represents the top 10% of industry-wide ranked funds.
A 4-star rating represents the next 22.5% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 3-star rating represents the next 35% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 2-star rating represents the next 22.5% of industry-wide ranked funds. A 1-star rating is the worst rating and represents the bottom 10% of industry-wide ranked funds. The “overall Morningstar rating” is derived from a weighted average of the performance associated with a fund’s three-, five- and ten-year (if applicable) Morningstar Rating metrics. For U.S. domiciled funds, separate star ratings are given at the individual share class level. The Nomura “star rating” is based on three-year risk-adjusted performance only. Funds with fewer than three years of history are not rated and hence excluded from this analysis. All ratings, the assigned peer categories and the asset values used to derive this analysis are sourced from these fund rating providers. The data providers re-denominate the asset values into U.S. dollars. This % of AUM is based on star ratings at the share class level for U.S. domiciled funds, and at a “primary share class” level to represent the star rating of all other funds except for Japan where Nomura provides ratings at the fund level. The “primary share class”, as defined by Morningstar, denotes the share class recommended as being the best proxy for the portfolio and in most cases will be the most retail version (based upon annual management charge, minimum investment, currency and other factors). The performance data could have been different if all funds/accounts would have been included. Past performance is not indicative of future results.
 
Percentage of mutual fund assets under management in funds ranked in the 1st or 2nd quartile (one, three, and five years): All quartile rankings, the assigned peer categories and the asset values used to derive this analysis are sourced from the fund ranking providers. Quartile rankings are done on the net-of-fee absolute return of each fund. The data providers re-denominate the asset values into U.S. dollars. This % of AUM is based on fund performance and associated peer rankings at the share class level for U.S. domiciled funds, at a “primary share class” level to represent the quartile ranking of the U.K., Luxembourg and Hong Kong funds and at the fund level for all other funds. The “primary share class”, as defined by Morningstar, denotes the share class recommended as being the best proxy for the portfolio and in most cases will be the most retail version (based upon annual management charge, minimum investment, currency and other factors). Where peer group rankings given for a fund are in more than one “primary share class” territory both rankings are included to reflect local market competitiveness (applies to “Offshore Territories” and “HK SFC Authorized” funds only). The performance data could have been different if all funds/accounts would have been included. Past performance is not indicative of future results.


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Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
For a discussion of the quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk, see the Market Risk Management section of Management’s discussion and analysis on pages 72–76 of this Form 10-Q and pages 116–123 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report.
Item 4.    Controls and Procedures.
As of the end of the period covered by this report, an evaluation was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Firm’s management, including its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and its Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based on that evaluation, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective. See Exhibits 31.1 and 31.2 for the Certification statements issued by the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer.
The Firm is committed to maintaining high standards of internal control over financial reporting. Nevertheless, because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. In addition, in a firm as large and complex as JPMorgan Chase, lapses or deficiencies in internal controls do occur from time to time, and there can be no assurance that any such deficiencies will not result in significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in internal controls in the future. For further information, see “Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting” on page 139 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report. There was no change in the Firm’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that occurred during the three months ended June 30, 2017, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Firm’s internal control over financial reporting.
Part II – Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
For information that updates the disclosures set forth under Part I, Item 3: Legal Proceedings, in JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K, see the discussion of the Firm’s material legal proceedings in Note 21 of this Form 10-Q.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
For a discussion of certain risk factors affecting the Firm, see Part I, Item 1A: Risk Factors on pages 8–21 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Annual Report on Form 10-K and Forward-Looking Statements on page 82 of this Form 10-Q.
Supervision and regulation
For information on Supervision and Regulation, see the Supervision and regulation section on pages 1–8 of JPMorgan Chase’s 2016 Form 10-K.
 
Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
During the three months ended June 30, 2017, no shares of common stock of JPMorgan Chase & Co. were issued in transactions exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, pursuant to Section 4(2) thereof.
Repurchases under the common equity repurchase program
Following receipt in June 2017 of the Federal Reserve’s non-objection to the Firm’s 2017 capital plan, the Firm’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $19.4 billion of common equity (common stock and warrants) between July 1, 2017 and June 30, 2018. This authorization includes shares repurchased to offset issuances under the Firm’s equity-based compensation plans.
The following table sets forth the Firm’s repurchases of common equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. There were no warrants repurchased during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016.
 
 
Three months ended June 30,
 
Six months ended June 30,
(in millions)
 
2017

2016

 
2017
2016
Total shares of common stock repurchased
 
35.0

45.8

 
67.1

75.0

Aggregate common stock repurchases
 
$
3,007

$
2,840

 
$
5,839

$
4,536

The Firm may, from time to time, enter into written trading plans under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 to facilitate repurchases in accordance with the common equity repurchase program. A Rule 10b5-1 repurchase plan allows the Firm to repurchase its equity during periods when it would not otherwise be repurchasing common equity — for example, during internal trading blackout periods. All purchases under a Rule 10b5-1 plan must be made according to a predefined plan established when the Firm is not aware of material nonpublic information.

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The authorization to repurchase common equity will be utilized at management’s discretion, and the timing of purchases and the exact amount of common equity that may be repurchased is subject to various factors, including market conditions; legal and regulatory considerations affecting the amount and timing of repurchase activity; the Firm’s capital position (taking into account goodwill and
 
intangibles); internal capital generation; and alternative investment opportunities. The repurchase program does not include specific price targets or timetables; may be executed through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions, or utilizing Rule 10b5-1 programs; and may be suspended at any time.
Shares repurchased pursuant to the common equity repurchase program during the six months ended June 30, 2017, were as follows.
Six months ended June 30, 2017
Total shares of common stock repurchased
 
Average price paid per share of common stock(a)
 
Aggregate repurchases of common equity
 (in millions)(a)
 
Dollar value of remaining authorized repurchase
(in millions)(a)
 
First quarter
32,132,964

 
$
88.14

 
$
2,832

 
$
3,221

(b) 
April
12,141,723

 
86.43

 
1,049

 
2,172

 
May
12,032,546

 
86.38

 
1,040

 
1,132

 
June
10,765,858

 
85.26

 
918

 
214

 
Second quarter
34,940,127

 
86.05

 
3,007

 
214

 
Year-to-date
67,073,091

 
$
87.05

 
$
5,839

 
$
214

(c) 
(a)
Excludes commissions cost.
(b)
Represents the amount remaining under the $10.6 billion repurchase program that was authorized by the Board of Directors on June 29, 2016.
(c)
The $214 million unused portion under the prior Board authorization was canceled when the $19.4 billion program was authorized.
Item 3.    Defaults Upon Senior Securities.
None.
Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures.
Not applicable.
Item 5.    Other Information.
None.


177


Item 6.    Exhibits.
Exhibit No.
 
Description of Exhibit
 
 
 
15
 
Letter re: Unaudited Interim Financial Information.(a)
 
 
 
31.1
 
Certification.(a)
 
 
 
31.2
 
Certification.(a)
 
 
 
32
 
Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.(b)
 
 
 
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document.(a)(c)
101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.(a)
101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.(a)
101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.(a)
101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.(a)
101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.(a)
(a)
Filed herewith.
(b)
Furnished herewith. This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. Such exhibit shall not be deemed incorporated into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
(c)
Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, includes the following financial information included in the Firm’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language) interactive data files: (i) the Consolidated statements of income (unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, (ii) the Consolidated statements of comprehensive income (unaudited) for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, (iii) the Consolidated balance sheets (unaudited) as of June 30, 2017, and December 31, 2016, (iv) the Consolidated statements of changes in stockholders’ equity (unaudited) for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, (v) the Consolidated statements of cash flows (unaudited) for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).

178


SIGNATURE



Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
(Registrant)


By:
/s/ Nicole Giles
 
Nicole Giles
 
Managing Director and Corporate Controller
 
(Principal Accounting Officer)


Date:
August 2, 2017






179



INDEX TO EXHIBITS



Exhibit No.
 
Description of Exhibit
 
 
 
15
 
Letter re: Unaudited Interim Financial Information.
 
 
 
31.1
 
Certification.
 
 
 
31.2
 
Certification.
 
 
 
32
 
Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.†
 
 
 
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
 
 
 
 
This exhibit shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that Section. Such exhibit shall not be deemed incorporated into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.



180