form10k123107.htm
UNITED
STATES
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington,
D.C. 20549
__________________
FORM
10-K
__________________
(Mark
One)
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x
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ANNUAL
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF
1934
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For
the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007
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or
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¨
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TRANSITION
REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF
1934
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For
the transition period from ___ to
___
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Commission
File Number: 1-11616
THE
STUDENT LOAN CORPORATION
(Exact
name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
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16-1427135
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(State
or other jurisdiction of
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(I.R.S.
Employer Identification No.)
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incorporation
or organization)
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750
Washington Blvd.
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06901
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Stamford,
Connecticut
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(Zip
Code)
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(Address
of principal executive offices)
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(203)
975-6320
(Registrant's
telephone number, including area code)
__________________
Securities
Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Common
Stock
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New
York Stock Exchange
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Title
of Each Class
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Name
of Each Exchange on which
Registered
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Securities
Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned
issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is not required to file
reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act.
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be
filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required
to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for
the past 90 days.
Indicate
by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of
Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any
amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an
accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting
company. See definition of "large accelerated filer,"
"accelerated filer,"and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the
Exchange Act.
Large
accelerated filer x
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Accelerated
filer
o
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Non-accelerated
filer o (Do not check if a
smaller reporting company)
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Smaller
reporting company o
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Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule
12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
The
aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the
registrant as of June 29, 2007 was $815,600,000, (based on 4,000,000 shares
held by non-affiliates and a closing sale price of $203.90 per share as reported
for the New York Stock Exchange).
As of
February 22, 2008, there were 20,000,000 shares of The Student Loan
Corporation’s common stock outstanding.
Available
on the World Wide Web at www.studentloan.com
Documents
incorporated by Reference:
Portions
of the Proxy Statement relating to the registrant's Annual Meeting of
Stockholders to be held May 15, 2008 are incorporated by reference into Part III
of this Form 10-K.
2
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Management’s
Discussion and Analysis
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21
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Other
Business and Industry Information
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27
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Risk
Factors
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36
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Management’s
Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
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37
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Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm – Internal Control over
Financial Reporting
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38
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Report
of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm – Consolidated Financial
Statements
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39
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Consolidated
Financial Statements
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43
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Notes
to Consolidated Financial Statements
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66
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Securities
and Exchange Commission Information
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67
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Exhibits
and Financial Statement Schedules
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68
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10-K
Cross Reference Index
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70
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Directors
and Executive Officers
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71
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Stockholder
Information
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73
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Exhibit
Index
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FINANCIAL
HIGHLIGHTS
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YEARS
ENDED DECEMBER 31
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(Dollars
in millions, except per share amounts)
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2007
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2006
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2005
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2004
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2003
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STATEMENTS
OF INCOME DATA
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Net
interest income
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$ |
389 |
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$ |
412 |
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$ |
493 |
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$ |
561 |
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$ |
455 |
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Gains
on loans sold and securitized
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112 |
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216 |
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153 |
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23 |
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– |
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Total
operating expenses
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180 |
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166 |
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149 |
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132 |
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114 |
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Net
income
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183 |
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287 |
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309 |
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285 |
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212 |
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BALANCE SHEETS DATA (as
of December 31)
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Loans
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$ |
22,034 |
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$ |
21,289 |
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$ |
25,146 |
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$ |
24,889 |
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$ |
23,225 |
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Total
assets
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23,780 |
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22,637 |
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25,988 |
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25,453 |
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23,704 |
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Short-term
borrowings
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13,373 |
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11,137 |
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10,781 |
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20,986 |
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9,973 |
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Long-term
borrowings
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8,100 |
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9,200 |
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13,200 |
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2,800 |
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12,350 |
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Total
stockholders’ equity
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1,624 |
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1,553 |
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1,362 |
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1,147 |
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931 |
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EARNINGS
DATA
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Cash
dividends declared per common share
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$ |
5.59 |
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$ |
4.98 |
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$ |
4.32 |
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$ |
3.60 |
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$ |
3.08 |
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Basic
earnings per common share
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$ |
9.13 |
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$ |
14.34 |
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$ |
15.45 |
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$ |
14.25 |
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$ |
10.61 |
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Net
interest margin (1)
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1.66 |
% |
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1.61 |
% |
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1.87 |
% |
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2.28 |
% |
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2.04 |
% |
Total
operating expenses as a percentage of average managed
loans
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0.51 |
% |
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0.51 |
% |
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0.51 |
% |
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0.53 |
% |
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0.50 |
% |
Return
on average equity
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11.5 |
% |
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19.8 |
% |
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24.8 |
% |
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27.3 |
% |
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24.9 |
% |
OTHER
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Average
interest bearing assets
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$ |
23,395 |
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$ |
25,624 |
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$ |
26,398 |
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$ |
24,594 |
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$ |
22,288 |
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Average
managed loans
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35,408 |
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32,403 |
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29,237 |
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25,158 |
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22,689 |
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FFEL
Program Stafford and PLUS Loan disbursements
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4,601 |
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3,782 |
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3,225 |
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3,057 |
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2,717 |
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CitiAssist®
Loans disbursed under commitments to purchase (2)
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1,755 |
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1,781 |
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1,628 |
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1,392 |
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1,104 |
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FFEL
Program Consolidation Loans volume and other FFEL Program loan
purchases
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2,389 |
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5,409 |
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5,976 |
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3,381 |
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2,970 |
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Book
value per share (as of December 31)
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$ |
81.21 |
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$ |
77.67 |
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$ |
68.09 |
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$ |
57.35 |
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$ |
46.57 |
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Common
stock price (3)
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High
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$ |
216.06 |
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$ |
241.00 |
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$ |
241.50 |
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$ |
186.69 |
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$ |
146.00 |
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Low
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$ |
106.75 |
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$ |
160.65 |
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$ |
162.50 |
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$ |
130.31 |
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$ |
90.91 |
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Close
(as of December 31)
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$ |
110.00 |
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$ |
207.30 |
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$ |
209.23 |
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$ |
184.00 |
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|
$ |
146.00 |
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Total
number of employees (as of December 31)
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583 |
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571 |
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|
551 |
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526 |
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|
|
466 |
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(1)
Amount
is calculated by dividing annual net interest income by average
interest bearing assets for the period.
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(2)
CitiAssist Loans are originated by
Citibank, N.A. and the Company is committed to purchase the loans after
final disbursement.
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(3)
Common stock price is based on The New York Stock Exchange composite
listing.
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MANAGEMENT’S
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
The
following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated
Financial Statements and accompanying Notes.
See Glossary starting on page 32
for a description of certain terms used in this Annual Report and Form
10-K.
Certain
of the statements in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis are
forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities
Litigation Reform Act. See Forward-Looking Statements on
page 31.
Management’s
Discussion and Analysis provides The Student Loan Corporation’s (the Company)
perspective on its operations and its current business environment, including
the following:
Business Overview – a general
description of the Company’s business and the impacts of market conditions on
the business.
2007 in Summary – an outline
of key events affecting 2007.
Critical Accounting Estimates
– an overview of accounting policies that require critical judgments and
estimates.
Accounting Changes and Future
Application of Accounting Standards – a summary of new accounting
standards.
Financial Condition – a
discussion and analysis of the Company’s products, disbursement and procurement
activity, allowance for loan losses, and private education loans.
Results of Operations – an
analysis of the Company’s results of operations for the years ended December 31,
2007, 2006 and 2005.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources – an analysis of
historical information regarding sources and uses of cash and capital
obligations.
Related Party Transactions – a
discussion of significant transactions carried out between the Company and
Citigroup Inc. (Citigroup) and/or its affiliates, including Citibank, N.A.
(CBNA).
Regulatory Impacts – a
discussion of legislative activities that affect the student loan
industry.
Risk Management – a
description of activities the company has undertaken to help manage credit,
operating and market risks.
Business
Overview
The
Company is one of the nation’s leading originators and holders of student loans
offering a full array of student loan products to students and their parents.
The majority of the Company’s loans are guaranteed under the Federal Family
Education Loan (FFEL) Program, authorized by the U.S. Department of Education
(the Department) under the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (the Higher
Education Act). The Company originates, manages and services FFEL Program loans
through a trust agreement with CBNA, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of
Citigroup and the Company’s principal shareholder. The Company also originates
through CBNA and holds private education loans that are not insured under the
FFEL Program, including CitiAssist Loans and Private Consolidation loans. The
Company is committed to providing exceptional service to borrowers and schools
and offering competitive and innovative products to students and their families.
The Company differentiates itself from its competitors by offering life of loan
servicing on most loans.
The
Company was incorporated in Delaware on November 4, 1992 and commenced
operations on December 22, 1992. CBNA owns 80% of the Company’s common
stock.
The
earnings of the Company are primarily generated by the spread between the
interest earned on its loan assets (based on the 90-day Commercial Paper rate,
the prime rate, or the 91-day Treasury Bill rate) and the interest paid on its
borrowings (primarily based on LIBOR). The earnings spread between
the interest earned and the interest expense incurred represents net interest
income. Net interest income is impacted by spread changes between the 90-day
Commercial Paper rate, the prime rate or the 91-day Treasury Bill rate and
LIBOR, as well as portfolio growth or contraction. The Company
regularly monitors interest rates and may enter into interest rate derivative
agreements on portions of its portfolio in response to interest rate
fluctuations.
Loan
securitizations and whole loan sales contribute significantly to the Company’s
earnings. From year to year, the Company’s earnings are impacted by
the number and size of asset sales and securitizations, which fluctuate based on
current market conditions and the Company’s operational
strategies.
The
Company’s earnings are also impacted by valuation changes on its retained
interests from securitizations, which fluctuate based on factors such as
interest rate changes, prepayment speeds, default rates and regulatory
changes. Other factors that may impact earnings are loan servicing
revenue and loan servicing costs, changes in applicable laws and regulations,
prepayment rates on student loans including those resulting from student loan
consolidations, the number of borrowers qualifying for borrower benefits,
alternative financing options available to students and their parents, and
competition.
For
additional information about the Company’s business, see pages 21 through
26.
2007
in Summary
Net
income was $183 million, or $9.13 per share, for the year ended December 31,
2007. During the year, the Company securitized $2.9 billion of
loans. These securitizations generated gains of $71 million.
Securitizations also resulted in a year-over-year decrease in average student
loan balances. The decrease in net interest income during 2007 was
primarily due to this decrease in average student loan balances, though a
portion of the impact was offset by an increase in net interest margin of five
basis points from 1.61% in 2006 to 1.66% in 2007.
During
the twelve-month period ended December 31, 2007, the Company’s managed student
loan portfolio grew by $2.8 billion (8%) to $36.5 billion reflecting the
continued success of the Company’s origination efforts. The managed
portfolio includes $22.0 billion of Company owned loan assets and $14.5 billion
of loans serviced on behalf of securitization trusts and certain other
lenders. Originations for the year included retail FFEL Program
Stafford and PLUS originations of $4.6 billion, a 22% increase from 2006. The
Company also made new CitiAssist Loan commitments of $1.8 billion, down 1%
compared to the prior year, due largely to a shift in certain volume to the FFEL
Program as borrowers increasingly took advantage of the Graduate PLUS loan
product introduced in 2006. Loan consolidation and other secondary
market activities contributed approximately $2.4 billion of loans to the
Company’s student loan portfolio during 2007.
During
2007, the College Cost Reduction and Access Act (CCRA Act), which contains
certain provisions that became effective in the fourth quarter of 2007, was
passed into law. Prior to enactment of the CCRA Act, the Company
received 99% default reimbursement on FFEL Program loans by qualifying as an
Exceptional Performer (EP). The EP designation was granted by the
Department of Education in recognition of an exceptional level of performance in
servicing federally guaranteed student loans. The CCRA Act eliminated the EP
program, thereby decreasing the Company’s reimbursement rates on FFEL Program
loans. For substantially all claims filed after October 1, 2007, the Company
will receive a 97% or 98% reimbursement rate, depending on the origination date
of the loan. The CCRA Act also provides for a further reduction in the
reimbursement rate to 95% for new loans disbursed on or after October 1, 2012.
The Company significantly increased its allowance for loan losses and current
period provision for loan loss expense in 2007 compared to 2006 primarily as a
result of these changes in the CCRA Act and expected higher losses in its
private uninsured loan portfolio as a larger percentage of that portfolio moves
into repayment. The U.S. economy began to show signs of weakness in the fourth
quarter of 2007. To the extent that these conditions continue or worsen, the
Company may experience an increase in defaults and loan losses.
Other
provisions of the CCRA Act for new loans originated on or after October 1, 2007
include an increase in lender fees from 0.5% to 1.0% and a reduction
in special allowance payments of 55 basis points for Stafford and
Consolidation Loans and 85 basis points for PLUS Loans. These
provisions had an adverse effect on the Company’s financial position and results
of operations, specifically net interest income, provision for loan losses and
residual interests in securitized loans during the year ended December 31,
2007. The CCRA Act will also have a prospective adverse impact
on the Company's net interest margin, provision for loan losses and gains on
loans securitized. See Regulatory Impacts on page 16
for more information regarding recent legislative activity.
The
Company decreased its securitization volume during the third and fourth quarters
of 2007 due to dislocation and illiquidity in the asset-backed securities and
credit markets. As a result, gains on loans securitized decreased significantly
in 2007 compared to 2006. Securitization volume in 2008, if any, will depend on
market conditions and the Company's business requirements. The Company
expects market conditions to remain challenging. Gains on loans securitized
under such conditions will be reduced significantly or possibly eliminated. In
addition, such conditions may increase the Company's cost of funds under
the Omnibus Credit Agreement with CBNA, which is negotiated on a borrowing by
borrowing basis. See Risk Factors on page
27.
Critical
Accounting Estimates
Certain
accounting estimates made by management are considered to be important to the
portrayal of the Company’s consolidated financial condition. Since management is
required to make difficult, complex or subjective judgments and estimates,
actual results could differ from those estimates. The most significant of these
critical estimates and judgments are those used to account for student loan
securitizations and allowance for loan losses. See the Notes to the Consolidated
Financial Statements for more information on the Company’s accounting
estimates.
Student
loan securitizations
The
Company securitizes student loan assets as a means of accessing competitive
financing rates in the market and providing an alternative source of funding.
Initial and subsequent measurements of the fair value of retained interests in
securitized assets are performed using a discounted cash flow model. The
discount rate, basis spreads, anticipated net credit loss rate, anticipated
prepayment rates and projected borrower benefit utilization rates are key
assumptions utilized to measure the fair value of retained interests. These
assumptions are subject to change due to various factors such as regulatory
changes and fluctuations in market conditions. In addition, due to the long
expected lives of these retained interests, which have weighted-average lives of
up to ten years, the Company is required to make assumptions about borrower
behavior and market conditions far into the future, thereby increasing the
likelihood that actual events may differ from the Company’s assumptions.
Accordingly, these assumptions are continually monitored by management and are
updated on a quarterly basis in an effort to reflect current market
conditions. Future changes in prevailing market conditions or the
regulatory environment could result in write downs of the Company’s retained
interests. For further information on the impact of the Company’s assumptions
and estimates related to student loan securitizations, see Note 14 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements.
The
Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is currently working on amendments
to the accounting standards governing asset transfers and securitization
accounting. Upon completion of these standards, the Company will need
to reevaluate its accounting and disclosures. The Securities and
Exchange Commission (SEC) has requested that the FASB complete its deliberations
by the end of 2008. Due to the FASB’s ongoing deliberations, the
Company is unable to determine the effect of future amendments at this
time.
Allowance
for loan losses
The
allowance provides a reserve for estimated losses on the Company’s student loan
portfolio. Loss guarantees from the U.S. government or private insurance
coverage partially mitigate the Company’s exposure to loan losses. The size of
the allowance is established based on amounts of estimated probable losses
inherent in the Company’s FFEL Program and private education loan portfolios.
Losses are estimated from historical delinquency and credit loss experience,
which are updated for recent performance and then applied to the current aging
of the portfolio. Excluding special circumstances, such as regulatory changes,
the allowance for loan losses typically follows the seasonality of the repayment
cycle of the loan portfolio. For example, delinquent loan balances increase as a
result of large numbers of graduating students entering repayment in November
and June.
The CCRA
Act’s elimination of the EP program during 2007 increased the Company’s
anticipated net credit losses and resulted in an approximate $8 million increase
in the allowance for loan losses. The remaining $20 million increase in the
allowance for loan losses is primarily due to the uninsured private education
loan portfolio. The Company expects that losses from the uninsured private
education loan portfolio will continue to increase during 2008 as a larger
percentage of the portfolio moves into repayment. In addition, a continuation or
deterioration of economic conditions in the U.S. would likely result in a
further increase in net credit losses, particularly from the uninsured
private education loan portfolio.
Effective
January 1, 2008, the Company has decided not to insure new CitiAssist Loan
originations. The Company expects that the resulting increase in credit losses
will be more than offset by decreases in insurance premiums paid.
Government
risk-sharing provisions applicable to FFEL Program loans, changes in the quality
of loans moving into repayment, changes in the U.S. economy that impact
borrowers’ ability to repay their loans and changes in the Company’s collections
strategies could impact delinquency rates and credit loss rates. To the extent
that future changes in any of these factors differ materially from the Company’s
current estimates, further changes in the allowance for loan losses may result.
For more information on the allowance for loan losses, see Notes 1 and 2 to the
Consolidated Financial Statements.
Accounting
Changes and Future Application of Accounting Standards
See Note
1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for discussion of accounting changes
and future applications of accounting standards.
Consolidated
Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Financial
Condition
Loans
At
December 31, 2007, the Company’s student loan assets, including deferred costs,
were comprised of FFEL Program loans, private education loans and an inventory
of loans held for sale. See Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for
a presentation of the loan portfolio by program type.
Balances
related to the Company’s owned and managed loan portfolios are summarized
below:
(Dollars
in millions)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average
owned loans for the years ended
|
|
$ |
22,825 |
|
|
$ |
25,355 |
|
Owned
loans at December 31
|
|
|
22,034 |
|
|
|
21,289 |
|
Average
managed loans for the years ended
|
|
|
35,408 |
|
|
|
32,403 |
|
Managed
loans at December 31
|
|
|
36,510 |
|
|
|
33,664 |
|
The table
below shows the aggregate activity in the Company’s loan
portfolios:
(Dollars
in millions)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance
at beginning of period
|
|
$ |
21,289 |
|
|
$ |
25,146 |
|
FFEL
Program Stafford and PLUS Loan disbursements
|
|
|
4,601 |
|
|
|
3,782 |
|
Secondary
market and other loan procurement activities
|
|
|
4,211 |
|
|
|
7,137 |
|
Loan
reductions (1)
|
|
|
(3,410 |
) |
|
|
(6,127 |
) |
Loan
securitizations, including deferred costs
|
|
|
(2,931 |
) |
|
|
(7,878 |
) |
Loan
sales, including deferred costs
|
|
|
(1,758 |
) |
|
|
(881 |
) |
Deferred
costs and other adjustments
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
110 |
|
Balance
at end of period
|
|
$ |
22,034 |
|
|
$ |
21,289 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
Loan reductions are
attributable primarily to borrower principal payments, loan consolidations
and claims paid by guarantors.
|
|
Loan
Disbursements and Procurement Activity
The
Company makes loans through retail, direct-to-consumer and wholesale channels.
The retail channel represents loan activity directed by the Company’s retail
sales force and is initiated primarily through the Company’s relationships with
schools and universities. Retail volume consists primarily of FFEL Program
Stafford and PLUS Loans and CitiAssist Loans. Loan consolidations and other
secondary market volume represent loan activity initiated outside the retail
channel, through activities such as direct marketing to consumers or purchases
of loans originated by other lenders and is comprised primarily of FFEL Program
Stafford, PLUS and Consolidation Loans.
Details
of the Company’s origination activity are presented in the table
below:
(Dollars
in millions)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Difference
|
|
|
%
Change
|
|
Retail:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FFEL
Program Stafford and PLUS Loan originations
|
|
$ |
4,601 |
|
|
$ |
3,782 |
|
|
$ |
819 |
|
|
|
22 |
% |
CitiAssist
Loans disbursed under commitments to purchase(1)
|
|
|
1,755 |
|
|
|
1,781 |
|
|
|
(26 |
) |
|
|
(1 |
)% |
Total
Retail
|
|
|
6,356 |
|
|
|
5,563 |
|
|
|
793 |
|
|
|
14 |
% |
Loan
consolidation and other secondary market volume
|
|
|
2,389 |
|
|
|
5,409 |
|
|
|
(3,020 |
) |
|
|
(56 |
)% |
Total
Originations
|
|
$ |
8,745 |
|
|
$ |
10,972 |
|
|
$ |
(2,227 |
) |
|
|
(20 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
These amounts
represent CitiAssist Loans disbursed by CBNA. These loans have been or
will be purchased by the Company after final disbursement.
|
|
The FFEL
Program loan disbursements increase of $819 million in 2007 compared to 2006 is
primarily attributable to ongoing marketing initiatives, overall growth in the
marketplace, and a shift in volume to the Graduate PLUS loan product from
CitiAssist Loans. The Graduate PLUS Loan program, introduced in 2006,
was the primary driver of the $26 million decrease in CitiAssist Loan
disbursements in 2007 compared to 2006.
In order
to comply with certain legal and regulatory requirements, private education
loans are originated by CBNA through an intercompany
agreement. Following final disbursement, the Company purchases all
private education loans from CBNA. At December 31, 2007 and 2006, the
private education loans disbursed and still held by CBNA were $669 million
and $797 million, respectively.
Approximately
half of the loan consolidation and other secondary market volume presented in
the table above for 2007 and 2006 represents consolidations of student
loans already held in the Company’s loan portfolio. The decrease in loan
consolidation and other secondary market volume is reflective of the changing
interest rate and regulatory environments during 2007 compared to 2006 and is
expected to continue in the near term.
Generally,
loans are not specifically purchased or originated for resale, and accordingly
are recorded in the Company’s held portfolio. However, as sales
opportunities present themselves, certain of these loan purchases or
originations may be reclassified as held for sale.
Allowance
for loan losses
The
Company’s allowance for loan losses and current period provision for loan loss
expense increased significantly compared to the prior year. There are two
primary factors driving this increase. Seasoning of the uninsured private
education loan portfolio resulted in higher losses, which increased current
period charge offs as well as the required loan loss allowance. In addition, the
CCRA Act cut default claim reimbursements by eliminating the EP program, which
increased the Company’s allowance for loan losses by approximately $8
million. See Regulatory Impacts on page 16
for further information about the CCRA Act.
An
analysis of the allowance for loan losses and its components is presented in the
table below:
(Dollars
in thousands)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance
at beginning of period
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FFEL
Program
|
|
$ |
6,911 |
|
|
$ |
1,993 |
|
|
$ |
1,753 |
|
CitiAssist
|
|
|
7,286 |
|
|
|
2,997 |
|
|
|
3,293 |
|
|
|
$ |
14,197 |
|
|
$ |
4,990 |
|
|
$ |
5,046 |
|
Provision
for loan losses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FFEL
Program
|
|
$ |
15,458 |
|
|
$ |
8,289 |
|
|
$ |
4,110 |
|
CitiAssist
|
|
|
44,462 |
|
|
|
17,881 |
|
|
|
9,047 |
|
|
|
$ |
59,920 |
|
|
$ |
26,170 |
|
|
$ |
13,157 |
|
Charge
offs
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FFEL
Program
|
|
$ |
(8,403 |
) |
|
$ |
(3,380 |
) |
|
$ |
(4,024 |
) |
CitiAssist
|
|
|
(27,642 |
) |
|
|
(16,244 |
) |
|
|
(10,800 |
) |
|
|
$ |
(36,045 |
) |
|
$ |
(19,624 |
) |
|
$ |
(14,824 |
) |
Recoveries
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FFEL
Program
|
|
$ |
– |
|
|
$ |
9 |
|
|
$ |
154 |
|
CitiAssist
|
|
|
5,697 |
|
|
|
2,652 |
|
|
|
1,457 |
|
|
|
$ |
5,697 |
|
|
$ |
2,661 |
|
|
$ |
1,611 |
|
Other
(1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FFEL
Program
|
|
$ |
(1,654 |
) |
|
$ |
– |
|
|
$ |
– |
|
CitiAssist
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
$ |
(1,654 |
) |
|
$ |
– |
|
|
$ |
– |
|
Balance
at end of period
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FFEL
Program
|
|
$ |
12,312 |
|
|
$ |
6,911 |
|
|
$ |
1,993 |
|
CitiAssist
|
|
|
29,803 |
|
|
|
7,286 |
|
|
|
2,997 |
|
|
|
$ |
42,115 |
|
|
$ |
14,197 |
|
|
$ |
4,990 |
|
(1)
|
Represents
reserve amounts associated with loans
securitized.
|
Private
Education Loans in Repayment
The
Company’s private education loan portfolio is not guaranteed by the federal
government. Although private education loans do not carry a federal government
guarantee, the Company has purchased private insurance on certain of these loans
through either Arrowood Indemnity Company (Arrowood), or United Guaranty
Commercial Insurance Company of North Carolina/New Hampshire Insurance Company
(UGCIC/NHIC). Arrowood was formerly the Royal Indemnity Company and
is a part of Arrowpoint Capital Corp. UGCIC and NHIC are subsidiaries of
American International Group (AIG).
These
insurance providers insure the Company against loss in cases of borrower loan
default, bankruptcy or death. Under the Arrowood program, private
education loans that are submitted for default claim are generally subject to a
risk-sharing deductible of 5% of the sum of the outstanding principal and
accrued interest balances. Under the UGCIC/NHIC program, defaults are generally
subject to risk-sharing deductibles between 10% and 20% of the claim
amounts. UGCIC/NHIC insured most of the Company’s new private
education loan originations during 2006 and 2007. UGCIC is rated Aa2
/ Stable by Moody’s and NHIC is rated AA+ / Stable by Standard & Poor’s as
of December 31, 2007. In February 2008, Moody’s changed UGCIC’s
outlook to Negative from Stable while the rating remained unchanged at
Aa2. Arrowood is not rated and carries a higher risk that it will be
unable to fulfill its contractual obligations under these insurance
agreements.
For
UGCIC/NHIC insured loans originated since the second quarter of 2003, the
Company is insured for losses up to contractual maximum portfolio loss limits
that range from 12.5% to 13.5%. If cumulative portfolio losses exceed these
limits, the Company is exposed to 100% of subsequent losses. The Company does
not expect to exceed these maximum portfolio loss limits. For loans insured
during 2005 and 2006, the insurance premium is calculated under an
experience-rated plan, which may require limited additional premium payments to
be made in the future should performance be worse than the established
parameters. Effective January 1, 2008, the Company will no longer insure new
CitiAssist Loan originations. The Company expects that
these losses will be more than offset by decreases in insurance premiums
paid. Private education loan defaults impact earnings through charge offs
and increased servicing and collection costs.
Information
on private education loans, including delinquency and insurance coverage, are
shown in the table below:
|
|
December
31
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
(Dollars
in thousands)
|
|
Insured
|
|
|
Uninsured
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
Insured
|
|
|
Uninsured
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
private education loans
|
|
$ |
3,869,945 |
|
|
$ |
826,392 |
|
|
$ |
4,696,337 |
|
|
$ |
2,409,964 |
|
|
$ |
662,430 |
|
|
$ |
3,072,394 |
|
Private
education loans in repayment
|
|
|
1,443,110 |
|
|
|
494,093 |
|
|
|
1,937,203 |
|
|
|
733,330 |
|
|
|
422,854 |
|
|
|
1,156,184 |
|
Private
education loans in forbearance(1)
|
|
|
147,243 |
|
|
|
22,841 |
|
|
|
170,084 |
|
|
|
66,633 |
|
|
|
15,128 |
|
|
|
81,761 |
|
Percent
of private education loans that are delinquent 30-89 days
|
|
|
2.4 |
% |
|
|
3.8 |
% |
|
|
2.8 |
% |
|
|
2.8 |
% |
|
|
2.3 |
% |
|
|
2.6 |
% |
Percent
of private education loans that are delinquent 90 days or
more
|
|
|
1.3 |
% |
|
|
1.0 |
% |
|
|
1.2 |
% |
|
|
3.7 |
% |
|
|
0.6 |
% |
|
|
2.6 |
% |
Allowance
for loan losses
|
|
$ |
3,214 |
|
|
$ |
26,589 |
|
|
$ |
29,803 |
|
|
$ |
721 |
|
|
$ |
6,565 |
|
|
$ |
7,286 |
|
Private
education loans covered by
risk-sharing
agreements with schools
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
493,296 |
|
|
|
493,296 |
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
502,691 |
|
|
|
502,691 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
Changes from December 31, 2006 to 2007 are due primarily to seasoning of
the portfolio.
|
|
Of the
$826 million in uninsured loans at December 31, 2007, the Company views
approximately $174 million of the amount as higher risk loans made to students
attending proprietary schools. Most of these higher risk loans do not
follow the Company’s traditional underwriting process.
A portion
of the uninsured loans are covered by risk-sharing agreements with schools and
universities. Under these programs, the school or university takes on a portion
of the Company’s credit exposure for the covered loans. The risk-sharing
agreements generally take one of two forms: i) the school reimburses the Company
for a specified percentage of losses of 50% to 100% when the losses exceed an
agreed upon threshold ranging from 2% to 9% or ii) the
schools pays 20% to 30% of the total disbursed amount to compensate
for future expected losses. Although this reduces the Company’s overall risk,
these programs generally transfer less risk than private insurance coverage. Of
the $174 million of higher risk loans, $77 million are covered under the
risk-sharing agreements described above.
Factors
Affecting Net Interest Income
Net
Interest Margin Spread Analysis
A net
interest margin spread analysis for the Company’s on-balance sheet portfolio is
as follows:
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
Student
loan yield
|
|
|
7.29 |
% |
|
|
7.24 |
% |
Consolidation
loan rebate fees
|
|
|
(0.39 |
)% |
|
|
(0.42 |
)% |
Accreted
interest on residual interests
|
|
|
0.25 |
% |
|
|
0.10 |
% |
Amortization
of deferred loan origination and purchase costs
|
|
|
(0.47 |
)% |
|
|
(0.58 |
)% |
Net
yield
|
|
|
6.68 |
% |
|
|
6.34 |
% |
Cost
of funds(1)
|
|
|
(5.02 |
)% |
|
|
(4.73 |
)% |
Net
interest margin
|
|
|
1.66 |
% |
|
|
1.61 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
Cost of funds was calculated by dividing interest
expense by average interest bearing assets.
|
|
The
Company’s net interest margin is affected by a variety of factors, including the
interest rate environment, regulatory actions and competition. Most FFEL Program
loans qualify for the federal government’s special allowance payment (SAP).
Whenever the stated interest rate on these FFEL Program loans provides less than
prescribed rates of return, as defined by the Higher Education Act, the federal
government makes a SAP. The CCRA Act reduced SAP for new loans originated on or
after October 1, 2007. The impact of this reduction in SAP will be
gradual as the amount of loans originated after October 1, 2007 increases
relative to the Company's overall portfolio. See Regulatory Impacts on page 16
for information on the CCRA Act.
The
Company’s net interest margin increased slightly during the year ended December
31, 2007 compared to the same period last year due primarily to the increase in
accretion on residual interests, reflecting higher retained interest balances,
and lower loan origination cost amortization. This was partially
offset by increased funding costs. At December 31, 2007 and 2006, the
outstanding borrowings had contractual weighted average interest rates of 5.1%
and 5.3%, respectively.
Average
Balance Sheet
|
|
AVERAGE
BALANCE
|
|
INTEREST
REVENUE/(EXPENSE)
|
|
%
AVERAGE RATE
|
|
(Dollars
in millions)
|
|
2007
|
|
2006
|
|
2005
|
|
2007
|
|
2006
|
|
2005
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average
interest bearing assets
|
|
$ |
23,395 |
|
$ |
25,624 |
|
$ |
26,398 |
|
$ |
1,564 |
|
$ |
1,625 |
|
$ |
1,301 |
|
6.68 |
% |
|
6.34 |
% |
|
4.93 |
% |
Average
non-interest bearing assets
|
|
|
886 |
|
|
749 |
|
|
546 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
average assets
|
|
$ |
24,281 |
|
$ |
26,373 |
|
$ |
26,944 |
|
$ |
1,564 |
|
$ |
1,625 |
|
$ |
1,301 |
|
6.44 |
% |
|
6.16 |
% |
|
4.83 |
% |
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average
interest bearing liabilities
|
|
$ |
22,038 |
|
$ |
24,218 |
|
$ |
25,121 |
|
$ |
(1,175 |
) |
$ |
(1,213 |
) |
$ |
(808 |
) |
5.02 |
%(1) |
|
4.73 |
%(1) |
|
3.06 |
%(1) |
Average
non-interest bearing liabilities
|
|
|
619 |
|
|
690 |
|
|
569 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average
equity
|
|
|
1,624 |
|
|
1,465 |
|
|
1,254 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
average liabilities and equity
|
|
$ |
24,281 |
|
$ |
26,373 |
|
$ |
26,944 |
|
$ |
(1,175 |
) |
$ |
(1,213 |
) |
$ |
(808 |
) |
4.84 |
% |
|
4.60 |
% |
|
3.00 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
interest income/margin
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
389 |
|
$ |
412 |
|
$ |
493 |
|
1.66 |
% |
|
1.61 |
% |
|
1.87 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
Cost of funds was calculated by dividing interest
expense by average interest bearing assets.
|
|
Rate/Volume
Analysis
The
following table shows the contribution to year-over-year changes in net interest
income (interest income less interest expense) due to changes in both the
weighted average balances and interest rates of loan assets and funding
liabilities:
|
|
2007
Compared to 2006
|
|
|
2006
Compared to 2005
|
|
|
|
Increase
(decrease) due to change in:
|
|
|
Increase
(decrease) due to change in:
|
|
(Dollars
in millions)
|
|
Volume
|
|
|
Rate
|
|
|
Net
|
|
|
Volume
|
|
|
Rate
|
|
|
Net
|
|
Interest
earning assets
|
|
$ |
(141 |
) |
|
$ |
80 |
|
|
$ |
(61 |
) |
|
$ |
(38 |
) |
|
$ |
361 |
|
|
$ |
323 |
|
Interest
bearing liabilities
|
|
|
(109 |
) |
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
(38 |
) |
|
|
(29 |
) |
|
|
434 |
|
|
|
405 |
|
Net
interest income
|
|
$ |
(32 |
) |
|
$ |
9 |
|
|
$ |
(23 |
) |
|
$ |
(9 |
) |
|
$ |
(73 |
) |
|
$ |
(82 |
) |
2007
Compared to 2006
The
Company’s comparisons of financial highlights are as follows:
|
|
Years
Ended December 31
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Dollars
in thousands)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
Favorable/
(Unfavorable) Change
|
|
|
Favorable/
(Unfavorable) % Change
|
|
Net
interest income
|
|
$ |
388,647 |
|
|
$ |
411,530 |
|
|
$ |
(22,883 |
) |
|
|
(6 |
)% |
Provision
for loan losses
|
|
|
(59,920 |
) |
|
|
(26,170 |
) |
|
|
(33,750 |
) |
|
|
(129 |
)% |
Gains
on loans securitized
|
|
|
70,814 |
|
|
|
189,017 |
|
|
|
(118,203 |
) |
|
|
(63 |
)% |
Gains
on loans sold
|
|
|
41,044 |
|
|
|
26,813 |
|
|
|
14,231 |
|
|
|
53 |
% |
Fee
and other income
|
|
|
36,301 |
|
|
|
28,861 |
|
|
|
7,440 |
|
|
|
26 |
% |
Operating
expenses
|
|
|
(179,518 |
) |
|
|
(165,759 |
) |
|
|
(13,759 |
) |
|
|
(8 |
)% |
Income
taxes
|
|
|
(114,677 |
) |
|
|
(177,480 |
) |
|
|
62,803 |
|
|
|
35 |
% |
Net
income
|
|
$ |
182,691 |
|
|
$ |
286,812 |
|
|
$ |
(104,121 |
) |
|
|
(36 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
operating expenses as a percentage of average managed student loans
|
|
|
0.51 |
% |
|
|
0.51 |
% |
|
|
0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Return
on average equity
|
|
|
11.5 |
% |
|
|
19.8 |
% |
|
|
(8.3 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
Effective
tax rates
|
|
|
38.6 |
% |
|
|
38.2 |
% |
|
|
(0.4 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
interest income
The
decrease in net interest income was primarily due to the decrease in average
student loan balances as a result of securitizations, partially offset by an
increase in net interest margin of five basis points from 1.61% in 2006 to 1.66%
in 2007. See Factors Affecting
Net Interest Income on page 9 for further information.
Gains
on loans sold and securitized
During
2007 and 2006, the Company sold and securitized $4.6 billion and $8.5 billion,
respectively, of student loans. The smaller volume of loans sold and securitized
in 2007 resulted in a lower gain compared to 2006. The lower volume of loans
securitized resulted from the Company’s election to postpone securitization
activities during the third and fourth quarters of 2007 due to dislocation and
illiquidity in the asset-backed securities and credit markets.
Fee
and other income
The
increase in fee and other income was primarily due to a $33 million increase in
servicing revenue, reflecting the growth of the Company’s managed loan
portfolio, partially offset by a $22 million increase in losses due to changes
in the fair market value of the Company’s retained interests and derivatives.
See Critical
Accounting Estimates on page 4 and Note 14 to the Consolidated
Financial Statements for further information regarding the retained interests in
securitized assets and the effect of changes in each of the key assumptions used
to determine the fair value of the retained interests. For more information on
the Company’s derivative agreements, see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
Operating
expenses
The
increase in total operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2007 was
primarily due to a decrease in expense deferrals relating to capitalized
internally developed software projects. The increase also reflects the
additional incremental costs to service and administer the larger managed loan
portfolio.
Provision
for loan losses
The
increase in the provision for loan losses includes $10 million related to the
CCRA Act’s elimination of the EP program. The remaining increase is primarily
due to continued seasoning of the uninsured private education loan portfolio.
See Regulatory Impacts
on page 16 for additional information on the CCRA Act and other
legislation.
Income
taxes
The
Company is included in the consolidated federal income tax return of Citigroup,
and is also included in certain combined or unitary state/local income or
franchise tax returns of Citigroup or its subsidiaries. The increase
in the tax rate was primarily due to the impact of changes in certain state tax
apportionments.
2006
Compared to 2005
The
Company’s comparisons of financial highlights are as follows:
|
|
Years
Ended December 31
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Dollars
in thousands)
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
Favorable/
(Unfavorable) Change
|
|
|
Favorable/
(Unfavorable) % Change
|
|
Net
interest income
|
|
$ |
411,530 |
|
|
$ |
493,041 |
|
|
$ |
(81,511 |
) |
|
|
(17 |
)% |
Provision
for loan losses
|
|
|
(26,170 |
) |
|
|
(13,157 |
) |
|
|
(13,013 |
) |
|
|
(99 |
)% |
Gains
on loans securitized
|
|
|
189,017 |
|
|
|
129,578 |
|
|
|
59,439 |
|
|
|
46 |
% |
Gains
on loans sold
|
|
|
26,813 |
|
|
|
23,137 |
|
|
|
3,676 |
|
|
|
16 |
% |
Fee
and other income/(loss)
|
|
|
28,861 |
|
|
|
3,106 |
|
|
|
25,755 |
|
|
|
829 |
% |
Operating
expenses
|
|
|
(165,759 |
) |
|
|
(148,955 |
) |
|
|
(16,804 |
) |
|
|
(11 |
)% |
Income
taxes
|
|
|
(177,480 |
) |
|
|
(183,255 |
) |
|
|
5,775 |
|
|
|
3 |
% |
Extraordinary
gain, net of taxes(1)
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
5,465 |
|
|
|
(5,465 |
) |
|
|
(100 |
)% |
Net
income
|
|
$ |
286,812 |
|
|
$ |
308,960 |
|
|
$ |
(22,148 |
) |
|
|
(7 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
operating expenses as a percentage of average managed student
loans
|
|
|
0.51 |
% |
|
|
0.51 |
% |
|
|
0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
Return
on average equity
|
|
|
19.8 |
% |
|
|
24.8 |
% |
|
|
(5.0 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
Effective
tax rates
|
|
|
38.2 |
% |
|
|
37.7 |
% |
|
|
(0.5 |
)% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
Gain on extinguishment of trust, net of $3 million of
taxes.
|
|
Net
interest income
Net
interest income declined in 2006, mainly as a result of rising market interest
rates, increased loan origination cost amortization and declining loan portfolio
balances. See Factors Affecting
Net Interest Income on page 9 for further information. The Company’s net
interest income was also impacted by uneven shifts between its lending rates
(based on the 90-day Commercial Paper rate, the prime rate, or the 91-day
Treasury Bill rate) and its borrowing rates (based on LIBOR). The Company
entered into interest rate swap agreements on portions of its portfolio to help
mitigate these risks. For more information on interest rate swaps and
other derivatives, see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
Gain
on loans sold and securitized
Gains on
loans sold and securitized increased significantly due to an increase in loan
sales and securitization volume. The Company sold and securitized $8.5 billion
and $4.9 billion of student loans in 2006 and 2005, respectively.
Fee
and other income
The
increase in fee and other income was primarily due to a $28 million increase in
servicing revenue, reflecting the growth of the Company’s managed loan
portfolio, partially offset by a net increase of $5 million increase in losses
due to changes in the fair market value of the Company’s retained interests and
derivatives. Due to the increase in securitization activity, the overall
value of the Company’s retained interests in securitized assets increased,
making the Company more susceptible to volatility from changes in the fair value
of these assets. To help manage this risk, the Company entered into several
derivative agreements designed as economic hedges of the residual interests in
the securitized assets. For more information on the Company’s derivative
agreements, see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. See also Critical
Accounting Estimates on page 4 and Note 14 to the Consolidated
Financial Statements for further information regarding the retained interests in
securitized assets and the effect of changes in each of the key assumptions used
to determine the fair value of the retained interests.
Operating
expenses
Total
operating expenses increased primarily due to incremental costs to service and
administer the larger managed loan portfolio.
Provision
for loan losses
The
increase in the provision for loan losses is primarily due to the enactment of
the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005, which imposed a 1% risk-sharing provision on
FFEL Program loan claims filed after June 30, 2006 by servicers with the
Exceptional Performer designation, as well as to seasoning of the CitiAssist
portfolio.
Income
taxes
The
Company is included in the consolidated federal income tax return of Citigroup,
and is also included in certain combined or unitary state/local income or
franchise tax returns of Citigroup or its subsidiaries. The increase in the
Company’s effective tax rate from 2005 to 2006 reflects certain deferred
tax adjustments which occurred in 2005.
Securitization
Activity and Off-Balance Sheet Transactions
The
Company securitizes student loans through trusts, which are established to
purchase the loans sold. The Company relies on securitizations to
fund a portion of its new loan origination activity. The Company
generally retains a residual interest as well as the servicing rights in the
securitized loans.
The
Company completed two securitization transactions in 2007 versus three in
2006.
The
following table reflects activities related to the Company’s
securitizations:
(Dollars
in millions)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans
securitized during the years
|
|
$ |
2,877 |
|
|
$ |
7,660 |
|
Gains
on student loans securitized for the years ended
|
|
|
71 |
|
|
|
189 |
|
Total
student loan assets in trusts at December 31
|
|
|
14,476 |
|
|
|
12,375 |
|
Residual
interests at December 31
|
|
|
633 |
|
|
|
546 |
|
Servicing
assets at December 31
|
|
|
199 |
|
|
|
169 |
|
Amounts
receivable from trusts for servicing at December 31
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
Amounts
payable to trusts for student loan payments at December 31
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
For
further information on the Company’s student loan securitizations, see Note 14
to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The
Company also has credit commitments with schools and institutions which are
detailed in Sources and Uses of
Cash below, as well as derivative agreements which are described in Note
12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
Sources
and Uses of Cash
Cash
received from borrower repayments, claim payments, subsidized interest and SAP
from the federal government, securitizations and the Omnibus Credit Agreement
are the Company’s primary sources of cash. The Company’s primary uses of cash
are new loan originations and purchases, funding operating expenses and
repayment of debt.
The
Company’s primary funding source is the Omnibus Credit Agreement with CBNA,
which expires December 2009, at which time it is anticipated that the agreement
will be replaced. The agreement provides a maximum aggregate credit limit for
combined short and long-term borrowings of $30 billion at market interest rates.
The agreement contains no material financial covenants or restrictions. This
agreement does not restrict the Company’s right to borrow from other sources. At
December 31, 2007, the amount of credit available for additional short and
long-term borrowings was $8.5 billion.
The
Company’s daily funding requirements are generally managed with the credit
facility provided by CBNA. In addition, the Company also utilizes alternative
sources of financing, such as securitization and loan sales.
In 2007,
the Company sold and securitized approximately $4.6 billion of student loans.
The Company used the proceeds to reduce its outstanding
borrowings. See Note 14 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for
additional information about the Company’s securitization
activities.
The
Company’s cash expenditures for equipment and computer software are primarily
comprised of software developed for internal use, which provides functionality
enhancements to the Company’s integrated loan management systems. Cash
expenditures for equipment and computer software amounted to $7 million, $9
million and $12 million in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
The
Company’s future cash needs will depend primarily on the volume of new loan
disbursements and purchases as well as the cash provided by (or used in)
operating activities. The Company expects new loan disbursements and purchase
volumes to be funded primarily through borrowings under the Omnibus Credit
Agreement with CBNA. In addition, depending upon market conditions and business
requirements, a portion of the Company's funding requirements may also be
provided through loan securitizations. Management currently considers
liquidity and capital to be sufficient to meet the Company’s anticipated
requirements for the next twelve months and, based on the Company's expectation
that it will enter into a new funding agreement with CBNA before the 2009
expiration of the Omnibus Credit Agreement, for the longer-term.
Contractual
Obligations
The
following table includes aggregated information about the Company’s contractual
obligations. These contractual obligations impact the Company’s short and
long-term liquidity and capital resource needs. The table includes information
about payments due under specified contractual obligations as of December 31,
2007.
The
Company’s primary contractual cash obligations are indicated in the chart
below:
(Dollars
in millions)
|
|
Total
|
|
2008
|
|
2009
|
|
2010
|
|
2011
|
|
2012
|
|
Thereafter
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Contractual
long-term borrowings (1)
|
|
$ |
16,300 |
|
$ |
8,200 |
|
$ |
3,500 |
|
$ |
3,500 |
|
$ |
– |
|
$ |
– |
|
$ |
1,100 |
|
Operating
lease commitments (2)
|
|
|
19 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
4 |
|
Loan
purchase commitments(2)
|
|
|
1,309 |
|
|
1,309 |
|
|
– |
|
|
– |
|
|
– |
|
|
– |
|
|
– |
|
Loan
disbursement commitments (2)
|
|
|
1,881 |
|
|
1,881 |
|
|
– |
|
|
– |
|
|
– |
|
|
– |
|
|
– |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
Amounts include the $8.2 billion short-term
portion of long-term borrowings. For additional information about
long-term debt, see Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
|
|
(2)
For additional information, see Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
|
|
Generally,
the Company purchases loans under commitment obligations within one year of
first disbursement or in accordance with contractual terms. These contractual
terms may stipulate that the loans are not to be purchased by the Company until
after the borrowers’ graduation dates. The Company also provides lines of credit
to certain institutions. Such lines are used by these organizations exclusively
to disburse FFEL Program loans which the Company will subsequently purchase. At
December 31, 2007, these organizations have unused lines of credit of $184
million available to them. In addition, the Company had loan sales commitments
of $331 million at December 31, 2007.
Related
Party Transactions
A number
of significant transactions are carried out between the Company and Citigroup
and/or CBNA and its affiliates. CBNA is a party to certain intercompany
agreements entered into by the Company, including the Omnibus Credit Agreement,
a tax-sharing agreement and student loan originations and servicing
agreements. In addition, the Company maintains a trust agreement with
CBNA through which it originates FFEL Program loans. Management
believes that the terms under which these transactions and services are provided
are, in the aggregate, no less favorable to the Company than those that could be
obtained from third parties.
The
Company’s borrowings were made under the terms of the Omnibus Credit Agreement
with CBNA, which provided for $30 billion in total credit at December 31, 2007,
and which expires December 2009. In addition, the Company is a party to several
interest rate swap and option agreements with CBNA. For further information
about the Company’s borrowings and interest rate derivative agreements, see
Notes 4, 5 and 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The
Company participates in certain of Citigroup’s deferred stock-based compensation
plans under which Citigroup stock or stock options are granted to certain of the
Company’s employees. In addition, Citigroup and its subsidiaries engage in other
transactions and servicing activities with the Company, including facilities
procurement, employee benefits, data processing, telecommunications, payroll
processing and administration, income tax payments, and others. These fees are
based on assessments of actual usage or using other allocation methods, which,
in the opinion of management, approximate actual usage. For an analysis of
intercompany expenses, see Note 9 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
Regulatory
Impacts
Over the
past decade, certain amendments to the Higher Education Act of 1965, which
governs the FFEL Program, have reduced the interest spread earned by holders of
FFEL Program loans. The Company expects that yields will decrease as new loans
with lower yields are added to the portfolio and older, more profitable loans
are repaid. In addition, amendments to the Higher Education Act authorized the
enactment of the Federal Direct Student Loan Program (Direct Lending). Private
lenders, such as the Company, are not eligible to participate in this loan
program, which directly competes with the FFEL Program in originating student
loans.
During
2006, the Deficit Reduction Act, P.L. 109-171, was signed into law. Title VIII-A
of the Deficit Reduction Act addressed a number of budget-related higher
education issues that modified provisions of the Higher Education
Act.
Also
during 2006, the Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2006 (ESAA) was
signed into law. Included in the ESAA was a provision that eliminated the
‘single holder rule’ for Consolidation Loans. The law became effective as of the
enactment date. Under the new provisions, a borrower can consolidate his or her
loans with any lender even if that borrower did not obtain any of the underlying
loans from that lender.
The CCRA
Act was signed into law on September 27, 2007 with many of its provisions
effective October 1, 2007. Some of the provisions of this new
law had an adverse impact on the financial condition and results of operations
of the Company by decreasing net interest income and the fair value of residual
interests and increasing the provision for loan losses. The CCRA Act will also
have a prospective adverse impact on the Company’s net interest margin,
provision for loan losses and gains on loans securitized.
The CCRA
Act (H.R. 2669) provisions include:
·
|
Reduce
the Undergraduate Subsidized Stafford interest rate from 6.80% to 3.40%
over the next five years, with the rate returning to 6.80% on July 1,
2012.
|
|
|
·
|
Reduce
lender SAP for new loans originated on or after October 1, 2007 to 1.19%
for Stafford Loans not in repayment, 1.79% for Stafford Loans in repayment
and PLUS Loans, and 2.09% for Consolidation Loans. This represents a 55
basis point reduction for Stafford and Consolidation Loans and an 85 basis
point reduction for PLUS Loans.
|
|
|
·
|
Limit
lender reinsurance to 97% for most claims filed on or after October 1,
2007 by eliminating the EP program, with a further reduction to 95% for
loans made on or after October 1, 2012.
|
|
|
·
|
Increase
the lender fee from 0.50% to 1.00% for new loans originated on or after
October 1, 2007.
|
|
|
·
|
Create
an income-based repayment plan beginning July 1, 2009 for most FFELP
borrowers (currently an income-contingent repayment plan is only available
to Direct Lending borrowers). The new plan provides a monthly
repayment cap of 15% of the amount by which a borrower’s adjusted gross
income exceeds 150% of the poverty line, and forgives remaining debt after
25 years of repayment.
|
|
|
·
|
Require
the Department of Education to conduct a pilot program for an auction of
eligible Federal PLUS Loans (limited to parent PLUS loans) beginning on
July 1, 2009.
|
Legislative
Activity
The H.R.
4137 (College Affordability and Opportunity Act of 2007) was approved by the
House Education and Labor Committee in November of 2007. The H.R. 4137 includes
the student loan sunshine provisions (previously included in H.R. 890 - the
College Access and Opportunity Act) and the Private Student Loan Transparency
and Improvement Act (a proposed amendment to S.1642). The current
extension of the Higher Education Act expires on March 31, 2008 and Congress is
expected to either pass a full reauthorization or enact another short term
extension. On February 7, 2008, H.R. 4137 was approved by the House of
Representatives. The House of Representatives and the Senate are expected to
reconcile their respective bills during March 2008. As this piece of legislation
moves through Congress, significant changes may be made to the provisions
outlined below, some of which, if enacted, may have an adverse impact on the
Company’s financial condition and results of operations.
Some of
the provisions of H.R. 4137 include:
1)
|
Defining
a preferred lender arrangement between a school and a lender under which
the lender makes educational loans.
|
|
|
2)
|
Requiring
a lender that participates in a preferred lender arrangement to certify to
the Secretary of the Department of Education that its preferred lender
arrangements comply with provisions of the Higher Education Act. The
certification must be attested to by the lender’s
auditor.
|
|
|
3)
|
Requiring
the Department of Education to develop a model disclosure for use by
schools and lenders in disclosing the terms of educational loans
(including private educational loans) offered by the
lender.
|
|
|
4)
|
Requiring
lenders to submit a report to all schools with which they have preferred
lender arrangements. The schools are required to report this
information to the Department, explaining why the loans are beneficial to
the students. These reports must be available to students and parents.
Schools must also disclose that students are not required to use preferred
lenders.
|
|
|
5)
|
Requiring
schools that provide information on private educational loans to inform
the students of their eligibility for Title IV assistance, with a
description of the terms of the loans that are less favorable than Title
IV loans.
|
|
|
6)
|
Requiring
schools with preferred lender lists for FFEL Program lenders to list at
least 3 unaffiliated lenders and, if they recommend private lenders, at
least 2 unaffiliated lenders. The school must disclose why it has entered
into such an arrangement and disclose the method and criteria for
selecting such lenders. Schools are identified as having a duty of care to
compile the list for the students.
|
|
|
7)
|
Amending
the Truth-in-Lending Act to include: additional disclosures in an
application or solicitation upon loan approval of private education loans;
a requirement that a creditor shall notify the school before it may issue
educational loan funds; a restriction that no funds may be disbursed until
acceptance of the loan by the borrower and the expiration of a 3 business
day right-to cancel period following consummation; and an expansion of
other specific provisions.
|
|
|
8)
|
Directing
the General Accountability Office to conduct a study on the impact and
benefits of using non-individual factors (e.g., school attributes) in
underwriting criteria. The study is due one year following enactment of
H.R. 4137.
|
Inquiries
into the Student Loan Industry
Since
March 2007, the Company has been responding to and cooperating with a number of
inquiries into the student loan industry. Several U.S. Congressional committees
and the U.S. Department of Education commenced investigations of the student
loan industry. The Company has responded to requests for certain information and
documents in connection with these investigations. Additionally, the offices of
various states’ attorneys general and certain federal authorities have also
conducted investigations and/or have served formal or informal requests for
information upon the Company.
As an
operating subsidiary of a federally-regulated bank, the Company is subject to
the jurisdiction of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, however it
will cooperate with the state requests to the extent possible without
compromising federal jurisdiction.
Risk
Management
Risk
management is an important component of meeting the business objectives of the
Company. The Company actively manages credit, operating and market risks. These
and other risks are detailed in Risk Factors on page 27. This
section describes the activities undertaken by the Company to help manage these
risks.
Credit
Risk
Credit
risk is the risk that borrowers may be unable to repay their loan in full as
due. Credit risk is partially mitigated by federal guarantees maintained on the
Company’s FFEL Program student loan portfolio and by its credit loss insurance
carried on a portion of its private education loan portfolio.
The
Company receives 97% or 98% reimbursement on substantially all FFEL Program loan
default claims, depending on the origination date of the loan.
Approximately
82% of the Company’s private education loans carry private insurance coverage
and a portion of the uninsured loans are covered by risk-sharing agreements with
certain schools. The Company is exposed to 100% of the credit losses on loans
that are not covered by private insurance or risk-sharing agreements. In
addition, effective January 1, 2008, the Company will no longer insure new
CitiAssist loan originations, thereby increasing the Company’s exposure to
credit losses on private education loans. The Company expects that the
resulting increase in credit losses will be more than offset by decreases in
insurance premiums paid.
The
Company seeks to mitigate credit risk in the private loan portfolio by adhering
to consistent underwriting criteria for most loans, primarily using automated
systems and processes. The underwriting is driven by proprietary scoring models
and credit policies and implemented through a front end underwriting platform.
For private loans which are insured by Arrowood or UGCIC/NHIC, their concurrence
is also sought for any underwriting or account maintenance changes. The Company
has a dedicated collections unit focused on default prevention and charge-off
recoveries. Collection strategies vary depending on the risk
characteristics of each portfolio segment including contact methods, contact
intensity, skip tracing and post charge-off recovery follow-up. The
Company’s Credit Risk Management department sets credit policy, evaluates
portfolio performance on an on-going basis and works closely with the
Underwriting and Collections units. Credit Risk Management
also regularly monitors commercial credit risk associated with lines of
credit as well as counterparty risk related to insurers, external loan servicers
and schools.
Operating
Risk
Operating
risk is the risk that the entity will be unable to properly service its loan
portfolio. The majority of the Company’s operating risks relate to servicing
defects in the Company’s student loan portfolio that could potentially result in
losses. In addition, FFEL Program loans that are not originated or serviced in
accordance with Department regulations risk loss of guarantee or interest
penalties. Private education loans that are not originated or
serviced in accordance with provisions set forth in the respective agreements
with private insurers risk cancellation of insurance coverage. In an effort to
help manage operating risk, the Company conducts compliance and process reviews
of both the Company’s internal operations and external loan
servicers.
In
addition, the Company is subject to operating risk resulting from the servicing
of a substantial portion of its loan portfolio by a single servicer, which is an
affiliate. The Company believes that its policies, procedures and servicer
reviews partially mitigate this risk. In the event of default by this servicer,
other third-party servicers could assume the servicing functions for these
loans.
The
Company’s guaranteed FFEL Program loan portfolio is subject to regulatory risk.
Under the Higher Education Act, the FFEL Program is subject to periodic
amendments and reauthorization. As a result, the interest subsidies, origination
costs, and the existence of the program itself are subject to change. For
example, the CCRA Act made several changes to the Higher Education Act, which
are discussed in more detail in the Regulatory Impacts section on
page 16.
Market
Risk
Market
risk encompasses both liquidity risk and interest rate risk. Liquidity risk is
the risk that an entity may be unable to meet a financial commitment to a
customer, creditor or investor when due. Interest rate risk is the risk to
earnings that arises from changes in interest rates. The Company strives to
manage market risk through its Asset/Liability Management Committee (ALCO). ALCO
reviews current and prospective funding requirements and makes risk
mitigation recommendations to management. Also, the Company periodically reviews
expectations for the market and sets limits as to interest rate and liquidity
risk exposure.
The
Company’s primary market risk exposure results from fluctuations in the spreads
between the Company’s borrowing and lending rates, which may be impacted by
shifts in market interest rates. The Company’s retained interests positions are
also exposed to market risk from fluctuations in market interest rates. The
Company’s overall risk management strategy includes utilizing interest rate
derivative agreements to help manage its exposure to interest rate
variability.
The
Company is a party to interest rate derivatives with CBNA, an investment-grade
counterparty, which are used to help manage the interest rate risk inherent in
the retained interests relating to the Company’s securitizations. These swaps
were not designated as hedges and do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment
under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 133, Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended (SFAS 133). These swap
agreements had a notional amount of $8.5 billion and $12.0 billion at December
31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. These swaps mature between 2009 and
2017.
The
Company is a party to several interest rate option agreements with CBNA. These
interest rate option agreements were not designated as hedges and do not qualify
for hedge accounting treatment under SFAS 133. The Company entered into these
option agreements as economic hedges to the floor income component of the
residual interests in the securitized assets. The interest rate option
agreements mature between 2011 and 2023. These options had a notional amount of
$8.7 billion and $6.2 billion at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. For
more information on the Company’s interest rate swaps and interest rate options,
see Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Approximately
$4.5 billion of the Company’s outstanding short and long-term debt include
various interest rate options embedded in the respective debt instruments. These
embedded options have been determined to be clearly and closely related to the
debt instruments as these terms are defined in SFAS 133 and, therefore, do not
require bifurcation.
The
Company’s principal measure of market risk due to interest rate changes is
Interest Rate Exposure (IRE). IRE measures the change in expected net interest
margin that results solely from unanticipated, instantaneous changes in market
rates of interest. Other factors such as changes in volumes, spreads, margins
and the impact of prior period pricing decisions can also change current period
interest income, but are not captured by IRE. While IRE assumes that the Company
makes no additional changes in pricing or balances in response to the
unanticipated rate changes, in practice the Company may alter its portfolio mix,
customer pricing or hedge positions, which could significantly impact reported
net interest margin. IRE does not measure the impact that interest rate changes
would have on the Company’s earnings related to instruments classified as
trading.
IRE is
calculated by multiplying the gap between interest sensitive items, including
loan assets, borrowings and certain derivative instruments, by a 100 basis point
instantaneous change in the yield curve. The exposures in the table below
represent the approximate change in net interest margin for the next 12 months
based on current balances and pricing that would result from specific
unanticipated changes in interest rates:
|
|
December
31
|
|
(Dollars
in millions)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
100
basis points
|
|
Increase
|
|
|
Decrease
|
|
|
Increase
|
|
|
Decrease
|
|
Change
in net interest income
|
|
$ |
(4.3 |
) |
|
$ |
17.7 |
|
|
$ |
7.5 |
|
|
$ |
36.9 |
|
In
addition, the Company has exposure to uneven shifts in interest rate curves
(e.g., the commercial paper to LIBOR spreads). The Company, through ALCO,
actively manages these risks by setting IRE limits and takes action in response
to interest rate movements against the existing structure.
OTHER
BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY INFORMATION
Student
Loans
The
Company’s student loan portfolio is composed of both FFEL Program loans and
private education loans. The Company is currently eligible to make the following
types of FFEL Program loans: subsidized Federal Stafford, unsubsidized Federal
Stafford, Federal PLUS and Federal Consolidation Loans. Subsidized Federal
Stafford Loans are generally made to students who meet certain need criteria.
Unsubsidized Federal Stafford Loans are designed for students who do not qualify
for subsidized Federal Stafford Loans due to parental and/or student income and
assets in excess of permitted amounts. PLUS Loans are made to parents
of dependent students and to graduate and professional students. The Federal
Consolidation Loan Program allows multiple federal loans, including those of
both the FFEL and the Federal Direct Student Loan Programs, to be combined into
one single guaranteed loan. The lender of Federal Consolidation Loans is
required to pay to the Department a monthly fee generally equal to 0.0875%
(1.05% per annum) of the monthly ending principal and accrued interest balances
of Federal Consolidation Loans held. A borrower may request the Company to
consolidate government-guaranteed loans held by other student loan originators
and holders. Under such circumstances, those student loans not already in the
Company’s portfolio are purchased at face value from the other lenders prior to
consolidation. The repayment periods on Federal Consolidation Loans are extended
to periods of up to 30 years, depending on the loan balance. The Company’s
portfolio also includes loans made under the Federal Supplemental Loans for
Students (SLS Loans) and Health Education Assistance Loans (HEAL Loans)
programs, although no new loans are being originated under these programs. See
Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a presentation of the loan
portfolio by product type.
The
Department administers the FFEL Program under Title IV of the Higher Education
Act. An institution, such as the Company, that does not fall within the Higher
Education Act’s definition of “eligible lender” may hold and originate FFEL
Program loans only through a trust or similar arrangement with an eligible
lender. In order to comply with the Higher Education Act, all of the Company’s
FFEL Program loans are held, and all new FFEL Program loans are originated by
the Company, through a trust established solely for the benefit of the Company
with CBNA, a national banking association and an eligible lender under the
provisions of the Higher Education Act.
The
Company’s CitiAssist Loan program is available to students who either do not
qualify for government student loan programs or seek additional educational
financing beyond that available through government programs and other sources.
Alternative loans are generally offered based on the borrower’s or co-signer’s
creditworthiness in addition to financial need as certified by the educational
institution. Certain of these loans are insured by private insurers at
origination. Effective January 1, 2008, the Company will no longer insure new
CitiAssist Loan originations. The Company expects that the resulting
increase in losses will be more than offset by decreases in insurance premiums
paid.
The
Company also participates in the secondary student loan market through purchases
of loans that consist of subsidized Federal Stafford Loans, unsubsidized Federal
Stafford Loans, PLUS Loans, Federal Consolidation Loans and HEAL Loans. A
portion of the Company’s Federal Consolidation Loans have
been generated through third-party marketing channels. Loans acquired
through these channels generally have lower yields than student loans sourced
through primary channels.
Origination
of FFEL Program Loans
The
Company is one of the nation’s largest originators and holders of student loans
guaranteed under the FFEL Program. The Company’s student loan volume primarily
results from the Company’s marketing efforts (see Marketing on page 23) and
repeat borrowers.
A student
must attend an eligible educational institution, as determined by the
Department, in order to participate in the FFEL Program. Eligible institutions
can be divided into three categories: four-year colleges and universities,
two-year institutions and proprietary schools. In addition to other criteria,
the Department determines school eligibility, in part, based on the default rate
on guaranteed loans to its students.
For FFEL
Program loans originated by the Company, the borrower and school complete a
Master Promissory Note and send it either to the Company or directly to the
guarantor. In addition to the paper application process, loan
applications can be either completed online at www.studentloan.com
or through the guarantor’s website. Both the guarantor and the Company must
approve the loan request. Upon guarantor approval, the guarantor
sends a notice of guarantee to the Company. After receiving the
notice of guarantee, the Company makes the loan disbursement directly to the
school as directed by the school and sends a disclosure statement to the
borrower confirming the terms of the loan. The Company also
originates loans through certain guarantors under “blanket guarantee”
agreements, which authorize the Company to disburse funds without having to
obtain the guarantor’s approval on each individual loan application prior to
disbursing the funds.
The
Company strives to offer students and parents opportunities to save money in
repaying their education loans. The Company believes that the
borrower benefits that it provides to the recipients of FFEL Program loans are
competitive compared to those offered in the current market.
The
Higher Education Act requires that guarantors charge a one-time federal default
fee equal to 1% of the principal amount of Stafford and PLUS Loans. The federal
default fee must be deposited into the Federal Fund held by the
guarantor. Guarantors have the option to charge this fee to the
borrower and deduct it from the loan or waive the fee and subsidize the
payment.
The
Higher Education Act also requires the payment of an origination fee on all
Stafford and PLUS Loans. For Stafford Loans, the lender may charge
this fee to the borrower or waive the fee and subsidize the
payment. For PLUS Loans, borrowers are responsible for paying the
origination fee. Lenders are responsible for forwarding the
origination fees to the federal government. The origination fee on Stafford
Loans is being phased out between July 1, 2006 and July 1, 2010 under the Higher
Education Act.
Origination
of Private Education Loans
The
private education loan program is designed to assist students by providing
education financing that is intended to supplement any financial aid that may be
available under the FFEL Program. The Company currently makes two types of
private education loans: CitiAssist Loans and private consolidation
loans. In order to comply with certain legal and regulatory requirements,
CitiAssist Loans are originated by CBNA, the Company’s principal shareholder,
and are serviced by the Company. In accordance with the provisions of an
intercompany agreement, origination and servicing fees are charged to CBNA for
underwriting, disbursing and servicing private education loans for CBNA. Shortly
following full disbursement, the Company purchases the private education loans
from CBNA.
Private
education loans are credit based installment loans and subject to state laws and
federal consumer banking regulations. Private education loans are not insured by
the federal government, however, a portion of the Company’s private education
loans are insured by private insurers.
Students,
and co-signers, if applicable, complete and submit CitiAssist Loan applications
either online at www.studentloan.com
or by mail. In addition to general eligibility criteria, a certification of
enrollment from the school is required and a co-signer may also be
necessary. The majority of the loan disbursements are made directly
to the school and a disclosure statement is sent to the borrower and co-signer
confirming the terms of the loan.
The
Company strives to offer students opportunities to save money in repaying their
education loans. The Company believes that the borrower benefits that
it provides to the recipients of its private education loans are competitive
compared to those offered in the current market.
Seasonality
Origination
of student loans generally follows seasonal trends, which correspond to the
beginning of the school year. Student loans are disbursed as directed by the
school and are usually divided into two or three equal disbursements released at
specified times during the school year. The two disbursement periods of August
through October and December through February account for approximately
three-quarters of the Company’s total annual disbursements. While
applications and disbursements are seasonal, the Company’s earnings are
generally not tied to this cycle. In addition, the allowance for loan losses
typically follows the seasonality of the repayment cycle of the loan portfolio.
For example, delinquent loan balances increase as a result of large numbers of
graduating students entering repayment in November and June.
Marketing
The
Company is committed to the following marketing strategies: providing
exceptional service to borrowers and schools, offering competitive and
innovative products to students and their families, optimizing targeted Direct
to Consumer marketing initiatives, and recruiting and retaining a superior team
of sales and marketing professionals.
The
schools play an integral role in the student’s selection of a lender. Through
the Company’s proprietary website www.FAAOnline.com,
schools are able to electronically process and track their students’ loan
applications, certify loans, and monitor approvals and
disbursements. Dedicated Account Managers and a Priority Services
telephone team support the schools by assisting with loan processing and issue
resolution.
The
Company continues to enhance the customer experience on www.studentloan.com. In
2007, we began the re-development of our website, including all online
application processes, based on customer feedback and usability
studies.
Direct
marketing has become increasingly important in driving customer acquisition and
retention. The Company continues to expand its Direct to Consumer
marketing strategies in order to expand its product set and distribution
channels. To this end, the Company is investing in its in-house
Direct to Consumer capabilities as well as in partnerships with strategic
vendors, including selected outbound telemarketing
firms. Additionally, the Company continues to expand its marketing
presence in online media, including on popular websites that reflect our target
markets.
The
Company’s borrowers are students and parents from all 50 states, the District of
Columbia and the U.S. territories. In addition, the Company’s
borrowers also include international students attending school in the United
States as well as domestic students attending eligible foreign
institutions. Approximately 29% of the Company’s loan portfolio is
composed of loans made to or on behalf of students who reside in New York and
California.
Certain
of the statements above are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the
Private Securities Litigation Reform Act. See Forward-Looking Statements on
page 31.
Competition
The
market is comprised of numerous eligible lenders in the student loan
industry. With almost 50 years of experience, the Company is one of
the nation’s largest originators and holders of FFEL Program and private
education loans. The Company continues to maintain its superior performance on
the loans that it services. The Company has been committed to providing lifelong
servicing for the loans it directly originates through school channels. This
simplifies the repayment process for borrowers and provides the Company with a
competitive advantage over other lenders.
SLM
Corporation (Sallie Mae) continues to be the largest originator and holder of
FFEL Program loans. Other key FFEL Program lenders include JPMorgan
Chase, Bank of America, Wells Fargo and Wachovia Bank.
The
Federal Direct Lending Program, which provides loans directly to students and
parents, has reduced the overall volume of loans available for origination
through the FFEL Program.
In terms
of private education loans, the Company competes against Sallie Mae, JPMorgan
Chase, Bank of America and First Marblehead Corporation, among
others.
FFEL
Program Collections and Claims
Certain
requirements, as described above, have to be met in order to maintain the
government guarantee coverage on FFEL Program loans and the private insurance
coverage on private education loans. These requirements specify school and
borrower eligibility criteria and establish servicing requirements and
procedural guidelines. The Company’s collections department, or that of its
servicers, begins contact in the event of payment delinquency shortly after
initial delinquency occurs and makes prescribed collection efforts through
mailings, telephone contact and skip tracing, as required.
At
prescribed times prior to submitting a claim, the Company requests collection
assistance from the relevant guarantor. These requests serve to notify the
guarantor of seriously delinquent accounts before a claim is submitted and allow
the guarantor an opportunity to make additional attempts to collect on the loan.
If a loan is rejected for claim payment by a guarantor due to a violation of
FFEL Program due diligence collection requirements, the collections department
or servicer resumes working the account for payment and/or institutes a process
to reinstate the guarantee.
FFEL
Program loans that are 270 days past due are considered to be in
default. Claims must be filed with the guarantor no later than the
360th day of
delinquency or loss of guarantee could occur.
In
addition to due diligence collection violations, a claim may be rejected by a
guarantor or insurer under certain other circumstances, including, for example,
if a claim is not filed in a timely manner, adequate documentation is not
maintained or the loan is improperly serviced. Once a loan ceases to be
guaranteed, it is ineligible to earn government subsidized interest and special
allowance benefits. As an EP designated servicer, the Company benefited from
certain provisions of the EP program that did not require that due diligence be
performed on each claim before payment but instead relied on periodic EP audits.
As a result of the termination of the EP program, guarantors are now required to
perform due diligence on all claims before payment which could result in an
increase in the number of rejected claims and/or delays in payment of
claims.
Rejected
claims may be “cured”, involving reinstatement of the guarantee or insurance and
possible collection of reinstated interest and special allowance benefits, as
applicable. Reinstatement of the loan guarantee or insurance can occur when the
lender performs certain collections activities in cases involving timely claim
filing violations or obtains a payment or a new signed repayment agreement from
the borrower in certain cases involving collection due diligence violations. For
rejected claims, the Company allows a full four months for the collections
department or servicers to attempt to affect cures before the loans are written
off against the allowance for loan losses.
The rate
of defaults for FFEL Program student loans, especially among students at
proprietary schools, tends to be higher than default rates for other
credit-based types of loans. In order to maintain eligibility in the FFEL
Program, schools must maintain default rates below specified levels, among other
criteria, and both guarantors and lenders are required to ensure that loans are
made only to FFEL Program eligible students attending FFEL Program eligible
schools that meet default criteria. Accordingly, the Company has procedures
designed to assure that it provides FFEL Program Loans only to students
attending institutions that meet the Higher Education Act’s default
limits.
Quality
and Regulatory Reviews
The
Company recognizes the importance of maintaining compliance with Department and
guarantor regulations and reporting requirements. Accordingly, the Company has
implemented policies and procedures to monitor and review ongoing processes that
have an impact on, or may jeopardize a loan guarantee or lender eligibility. An
affiliate of the Company, Citibank (South Dakota), N.A., services most of the
Company’s internally serviced student loan portfolio. The remainder of the loan
portfolio is serviced by third-party servicers. Citibank (South Dakota), N.A.
also conducts regular ongoing compliance reviews at its
facility.
The
Company has a formal quality assurance program that monitors and measures
performance and customer satisfaction levels. Also, the Company’s
Business Risk and Control staff monitors quality assurance throughout the
business. These quality assurance reviews include, but are not limited to,
reviews of loan origination, due diligence and disbursement processes, including
work performed to ensure adherence to regulatory requirements. Additionally, the
Company is periodically reviewed by Citigroup Audit and Risk Review teams,
student loan guarantors and third-party loan insurers to monitor portfolio
quality and processing compliance. Also, individual departments perform
self-reviews on a risk-based frequency. These reviews are done to ensure
compliance with the federal, guarantor and corporate policies/procedures, as
well as to identify areas needing process or control improvements.
Historically,
the student loan industry has been subject to extensive regulatory and reporting
requirements, concentrated primarily in the areas of loan servicing and due
diligence. Both the Department and the guarantors have established
stringent servicing requirements that each eligible lender must
meet. In addition, the Department and the guarantors have developed
audit criteria that each lender must pass in order to receive guarantee
benefits. Regulations of the Department authorize it to limit,
suspend or terminate lenders from participation in the FFEL Program, as well as
impose civil penalties, if lenders violate program regulations. The
Department regularly conducts audits of the Company’s student loan servicing
activities. Guarantors conduct similar audits on a biennial basis. In
addition, an independent compliance review of the Company’s FFEL Program student
loan portfolio, as required by the Department, was conducted. None of
the audits conducted during 2007 disclosed any material audit
exceptions.
Also, as
an operating subsidiary of CBNA, the Company is subject, in general, to
examination and supervision by the Office of the Comptroller of the
Currency. The Company is subject to the Bank Holding Company Act and
the National Bank Act, which restrict certain affiliate transactions and limit
the permissible investment and business activities in which an operating
subsidiary of a bank may engage.
Employees
At
December 31, 2007 and 2006, the Company had 583 and 571 employees, respectively,
none of whom was covered by a collective bargaining agreement. These amounts do
not include approximately 900 employees of Citibank (South Dakota), N.A.
primarily located in Sioux Falls, who perform the majority of the loan
originations and servicing work on the Company’s student loans under the
provisions of an intercompany agreement.
Properties
The
Company maintains its headquarters in Stamford, Connecticut and also occupies a
facility located in Pittsford, New York. The Pittsford, New York
facility is maintained under a lease agreement with CBNA that expires in May
2014. The Stamford, Connecticut facility is leased on a
month-to-month basis. The Company believes that its facilities are
generally adequate to meet its ongoing business needs.
Legal
Proceedings
In the
ordinary course of business, the Company is a defendant, co-defendant or party
to various litigation incidental to and typical of the business in which it is
engaged. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the ultimate
resolution of these matters would not be likely to have a material adverse
effect on the results of the Company’s operations, financial condition or
liquidity. This statement is a forward-looking statement within the meaning of
the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act. See Forward-Looking Statements on
page 31.
Comparison
of Cumulative Five-Year Total Return
The
following graph compares the Company’s cumulative total return for the last five
years with the cumulative total return of the S&P 500 index and of SLM
Corporation. The graph and table show the value at year-end 2007 of $100
invested at the closing price on December 31, 2002 in the Company’s common
stock, the S&P 500, and SLM Corporation common stock. The comparisons in
this table are not intended to forecast or be indicative of future performance
of the common stock.
RISK
FACTORS
Certain
of the statements below are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the
Private Securities Litigation Reform Act. See Forward-Looking Statements on
page 31.
The
following discussion sets forth certain risks that the Company believes could
cause its actual future results to differ materially from expected or historical
results. However, the discussion below is not exhaustive, and other factors such
as natural disasters, acts of terrorism and epidemics could have a material
adverse impact on the Company’s results.
Economic
conditions
The
Company’s profitability could be affected by general economic conditions as well
as regional trends, especially given the Company’s historic concentration of
student loan originations in New York and California. Factors that could
significantly affect the demand for and net margins on student loans, as well as
the cost to the Company of funding such loans, include the level and volatility
of interest rates and inflation. Rising interest rates could reduce
demand for student loans, as some prospective borrowers could defer attendance
at certain eligible educational institutions or pursue programs at less costly
institutions, and thus borrow less, or otherwise determine that the cost of
borrowing for higher education is too great. During periods of economic
weakness, particularly in the case of high unemployment or high inflation, the
relative cost of higher education may increase materially. As a result, some
prospective borrowers may defer pursuing higher education until economic
conditions improve. Also, the ability of some borrowers to repay their loans on
a timely basis may deteriorate, resulting in higher delinquencies and losses. In
addition, the U.S. economy began to show signs of weakness in the fourth quarter
of 2007. To the extent that these conditions continue or worsen, the Company may
experience an increase in defaults and loan losses and, if the conditions
persist for an extended period of time, the Company may exceed contractual
maximum portfolio loss limits related to the insurance on its private education
loan portfolio.
Any of
these conditions may be more prevalent in those particular regions of the United
States that have been affected by natural disasters or regional economic
downturns. If the regions affected were those in which a large segment of the Company’s loans had been originated or its
borrowers reside, a disproportionate reduction in new loan originations could
occur, accompanied by higher delinquencies and losses.
The
Company decreased its securitization volume during the third and fourth quarters
of 2007 due to dislocation and illiquidity in the asset-backed securities and
credit markets. To the extent that these market conditions continue, they may
adversely impact the Company’s future securitization transactions and may reduce
or possibly eliminate gains recognized on such transactions. In
addition, such conditions may increase the cost of funds under the Omnibus
Credit Agreement with CBNA, which is negotiated on a borrowing by borrowing
basis.
Market
and credit risk
The
Company’s revenue is dependent upon the extent to which management can
successfully manage market and credit risks. The Company’s credit risk exposure
is partially mitigated by government guarantees, third-party insurers, and
certain school risk-sharing agreements.
The Company actively
monitors the creditworthiness of its insurers, but in the event that a
guarantor, insurer or risk-share school is unable to meet its contractual
obligations under such arrangements, the Company’s financial condition
could be adversely affected. In addition, as the Company’s business to
proprietary schools increases, the Company’s results could be adversely impacted
to the extent these proprietary schools do not continue as going concerns or
close individual campus locations. Due to recent regulatory changes and
dislocation in the credit markets, several student lenders have announced that
they are exiting the industry or discontinuing certain higher-risk segments of
their business. This decrease in the availability of student loans may adversely
impact the financial condition of certain schools with which the Company
does business, particularly proprietary schools.
The
Company’s credit risk exposure is also impacted by the size and performance of
the uninsured private education loan portfolio that is not originated under a
risk-sharing relationship and which has grown over recent years. As of December
31, 2007, the uninsured private education loan portfolio included $174 million
of higher risk loans made to students attending proprietary schools. Most of
these higher risk loans do not follow the Company’s traditional underwriting
process. As the economy continues to contract, the Company’s results could be
adversely impacted by net credit losses on this portfolio.
The
Company’s successful management of market risk is dependent upon its ability to
identify properly and respond promptly to changes in interest rate conditions.
The majority of the Company’s earnings is generated from the spread between the
Company’s interest earning assets (based on the 90-day Commercial Paper rate,
the prime rate, or the 91-day Treasury Bill rate) and its funding costs (based
on LIBOR). Therefore, basis risk could have an effect on the
Company's results of operations.
The
Company uses derivative agreements to help manage interest rate risk. The
Company’s derivative instruments do not qualify for hedge accounting under SFAS
133, and consequently, the change in fair value of these derivative instruments
is included in the Company's earnings. Changes in market assumptions regarding
future interest rates could significantly impact the valuation of the Company's
derivative instruments and, accordingly, impact the Company’s financial position
and results of operations.
The
Company's interest rate risk management activities could expose the Company to
losses if future events differ from certain of the Company’s assumptions about
the future regulatory and credit environment. If the Company’s economic hedging
activities are not appropriately monitored or executed, these activities may not
effectively mitigate its interest rate sensitivity or have the desired impact on
its results of operations or financial condition.
The
Company relies upon asset-backed securitizations as a significant funding
source. The net cash flow the Company receives from securitized student loan
assets generally represents the excess amounts, if any, generated by the
underlying student loans over the amounts required to be paid to the
noteholders, after deducting servicing costs and any other expenses. The
Company's rights to these residual interests are subordinate to the noteholders’
interests and their value is highly sensitive to factors such as interest rate
changes, prepayment speeds, default rates and regulatory changes. If the
securitized loans fail to generate sufficient excess cash flows, the Company may
not realize all of the recorded value of these interests. The Company
has recently funded an increased proportion of its operations through loan
securitization, although during the third and fourth quarters of 2007, the
Company elected to decrease its securitization volume due to dislocation and
illiquidity in the asset-backed securities and credit markets. The
Company expects market conditions to remain challenging. Securitization
volume in 2008, if any, will depend on market conditions and the Company's
business requirements. There can be no assurance, however, that the Company
will recognize any gains on such securitizations. Significant reductions in, or
the elimination of gains on loans securitized will significantly reduce the
Company's net income.
In early 2008, adverse market conditions carried over to the market
for student loan auction-rate notes. The Company’s outstanding
securitizations include no auction-rate notes, but adversity in that market may
nevertheless further impede the Company’s ability to securitize on favorable
terms.
The
Company’s earnings are increasingly dependent upon the accuracy of its critical
accounting estimates, particularly those relating to loan securitizations and
the allowance for loan losses. If future behavior deviates from management’s
assumptions, adverse adjustments of certain related balance sheet and/or income
statement line items could result.
Future
volume of student loans
The
Company originates loans to borrowers in all 50 states. The loan origination
volume generated by individual schools is primarily dependent on whether the
Company appears on the school’s list of lenders, as well as the number of
students at that school that need financial aid. The Company may be adversely
impacted by borrowers’ or schools’ decisions to use competing lenders, each
school’s option to choose the Federal Direct Lending Program instead of choosing
to participate in the FFEL Program, or a school’s decision to begin making
student loans itself. The Company may acquire student loans through purchase
agreements with institutions, but each of these agreements has a termination
date and there are no assurances that these institutions will renew or extend
these forward purchase agreements on terms that are favorable to the Company if
at all.
Competition
The
market is comprised of numerous eligible lenders in the student loan
industry, including Sallie Mae, which originates more FFEL Program Loans
than does the Company. The Company also competes with the Federal Direct Lending
Program, in which the Company is not eligible to participate. The Company’s
ability to increase its loan originations is largely dependent upon its ability
to offer competitively priced, desirable loan products as well as its ability to
communicate effectively to prospective borrowers and schools about these
products. The Company plans to continue to offer competitively priced products
by managing its expenses through economies of scale, which reduce its
origination and servicing costs. The Company also plans to expand its electronic
communications with prospective borrowers and those that affect their decision
making. An inability to achieve these goals could adversely affect the Company’s
competitive position in the marketplace and its ability to increase the volume
of its loan originations.
Operational
risk
The
majority of the Company’s operating risks relate to servicing defects in the
Company’s loan portfolio that could potentially result in losses. In addition,
FFEL Program loans that are not originated or serviced in accordance with
Department regulations risk loss of guarantee or interest
penalties. Private education loans that are not originated or
serviced in accordance with provisions set forth in the respective agreements
with private insurers risk cancellation of insurance coverage. In an effort
to help manage operating and credit risks, the Company conducts compliance
and process reviews of both the Company’s internal operations and external loan
servicers.
The
Company is exposed to many types of operational risk, including the risk of loss
resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people or systems, or
from external events. It includes reputational and franchise risks associated
with the Company’s business practices or market conduct. It also includes the
risk of failing to comply with applicable laws, regulations, regulatory
administrative actions or the Company’s internal policies. Given the
high volume of transactions at the Company, certain errors may be repeated or
compounded before they are discovered and rectified. In addition, the Company’s
necessary dependence upon automated systems to record and process its
transaction volume may further increase the risk that technical system flaws or
employee tampering or manipulation of those systems will result in losses that
are difficult to detect. The Company may also be subject to disruptions of its
operating systems arising from events that are wholly or partially beyond its
control (for example, natural disasters, acts of terrorism, epidemics, computer
viruses, and electrical/ telecommunications outages), which may give rise to
losses in service to borrowers and/or monetary loss to the Company. All of these
risks are also applicable where the Company relies on outside vendors to provide
services to it and its borrowers.
U.S.
fiscal policies
The
Company’s businesses and earnings are affected by the fiscal policies adopted by
regulatory authorities of the United States. For example, policies of the
Federal Reserve Board directly influence the rate of interest paid by commercial
banks, including CBNA, the Company’s primary funding source, on its
interest-bearing deposits. This may affect the Company’s cost of borrowing from
CBNA, and also may affect the value of financial instruments, including
securitization retained interests and assets held for sale by the Company. In
addition, such changes in fiscal policy may adversely affect the ability of the
Company’s borrowers to repay their loans on a timely basis and the ability of
prospective borrowers to qualify for loans.
Reputation
and legal risk
Various
issues may give rise to legal risk and cause harm to the Company and its
business prospects. These issues include appropriately dealing with
potential conflicts of interest, legal and regulatory requirements, ethical
issues, privacy laws and information security policies. Failure to address these
issues appropriately could also give rise to additional legal risk to the
Company, which could give rise to litigation claims asserted against the
Company, or subject the Company to regulatory enforcement actions, fines and
penalties.
Regulatory
considerations
As a
leading originator and owner of student loans insured under the Higher Education
Act, the Company’s financial results and business are largely affected by the
provisions of the Higher Education Act. Amendments to the Higher Education Act
may be implemented from time to time. New legislation could impact the Company’s
products, its industry or otherwise affect its operations and the environment in
which it operates in substantial and unpredictable ways. In recent
years, many changes to the Higher Education Act have been implemented, for
example, that adversely impact the operating environment of the Company and its
financial results. Certain amendments to the Higher Education Act governing the
FFEL Program have reduced the interest spread earned by holders of FFEL Program
guaranteed student loans. The Company is also subject to rules and regulations
of the agencies that act as guarantors of the student loans, known as guaranty
agencies. In addition, the Company is subject to certain federal and state
banking laws, regulations, and examinations, as well as federal and state
consumer protection laws and lending regulations, including, specifically with
respect to the Company's CitiAssist loan portfolio, certain state usury laws and
related regulations, and many other lending laws. These laws and
regulations impose substantial requirements upon lenders and servicers involved
in consumer finance. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations could
result in liability to borrowers, the imposition of civil penalties, and
potential class action lawsuits.
It is
difficult for the Company to plan for or mitigate the effects of such
legislative or regulatory changes. The Deficit Reduction Act, which modified
certain provisions of the Higher Education Act, was signed by President Bush in
February 2006. The Deficit Reduction Act imposed a 1% risk-sharing provision on
default claims submitted on loans serviced by Exceptional Performers, such as
the Company. This risk-sharing provision resulted in increases to the Company’s
allowance for loan losses and decreases in the fair value of its residual
interests in securitized loans. The CCRA Act was signed into law on
September 27, 2007 with many of its provisions effective October 1,
2007. Some of the provisions of this new law had an adverse impact on
the financial condition and results of operations of the Company by decreasing
net interest income and fair value of residual interests and increasing the
provision for loan losses. The CCRA Act will also have a prospective
adverse impact on the Company’s net interest margin, provision for loan
losses and gains on loans securitized. For further information on the
impact of the CCRA Act, see Regulatory Impacts on page 16.
In addition, future regulatory changes cannot be predicted and could have a
material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of
operations.
Forward-Looking
Statements
Certain
statements contained in this report that are not historical facts are
forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities
Litigation Reform Act. Forward-looking statements are typically
identified by the words or phrases “believe”, “expect”, “anticipate”, “intend”,
“estimate”, “may increase”, “may result in”, and similar expressions or future
or conditional verbs such as “will”, “should”, “would” and
“could”. These forward-looking statements involve risks and
uncertainties, which could cause the Company’s actual results to differ
materially from those the Company expects, including, but not limited to: the
effects of legislative changes, particularly those relating to re-authorization
of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended, that affect the demand for and
interest rates on student loans, especially the establishment of certain fixed
rates of interest on Stafford Loans and FFEL Program loans; loan origination
costs; the availability and amount of loan subsidies, and any effect
on the Company’s interest rate spreads; the cost of education; the availability
of alternative financing options to students and their parents, including
competitive products offered by other lenders; the effects of changes in
accounting standards; actual credit losses, loan collection strategies and their
impact on delinquency rates, and the adequacy of loan loss reserves;
fluctuations in interest rates and between various interest rate indices,
particularly the manner in which short-term rates affect the Company’s funding
costs, consolidation rates, the rates at which interest accrues on its loan
portfolio and the demand for student loans; changes in prepayment rates on
student loans from anticipated rates and in the quality and profitability of
those loans that move into repayment status, as well as actual experience with
the repayment cycle of the loan portfolio; the Company’s and other servicers’
ability to continue to service the loan portfolio in accordance with their
contractual obligations; the volume of loan consolidations; the adequacy of the
Company’s capital expenditures and of funds allocated for future capital
expenditures; the success of its marketing efforts, especially its electronic
marketing efforts; the Company’s ability to acquire or originate loans in the
amounts anticipated and with interest rates that generate sufficient yields and
margins; the performance of the Company’s loan portfolio servicers, insurers and
risk-sharers; the Company’s ability to utilize alternative sources of funding,
including its ability to continue to securitize loans; as well as general
economic conditions, including the performance of financial
markets.
Listed
below are definitions of key terms that are used throughout this Annual Report
and Form 10-K.
Borrower Benefits — Borrower
benefits are incentives in the form of interest rate reductions to borrowers for
timely payment or automated clearing house (ACH) payment methods as well as
principal reductions that may be granted once a loan enters into
repayment.
College Cost Reduction and Access Act
(CCRA Act) —
The College Cost Reduction and Access Act was signed into law on
September 27, 2007. This Act eliminated the EP program, thereby
decreasing the Company’s reimbursement rates on FFEL Program loans. Under the
CCRA Act, the Company will receive a 97% or 98% reimbursement rate for
substantially all claims filed after October 1, 2007, depending on the
origination date of the loan. The provisions of CCRA Act also include further
reduction in the reimbursement rate to 95% for new loans disbursed on or after
October 1, 2012 as well as reductions in special allowance payments of 55 basis
points for Stafford and Consolidation Loans and 85 basis points for PLUS
Loans.
CitiAssist Loans — CitiAssist
Loans are loans that are originated through an alternative private loan program
and do not carry federal government guarantees. These loans are the Company’s
proprietary loan product, offered as a means to finance higher education costs
that exceed borrowers’ available financial resources, including any resources
available through the FFEL Program. In order to comply with certain
legal and regulatory requirements, CitiAssist Loans are originated by Citibank,
N.A. (CBNA) through an intercompany agreement. Following full
disbursement, the Company purchases all qualified CitiAssist Loans from
CBNA.
Consolidation Loans —
Consolidation Loans are loans that allow eligible borrowers to combine multiple
federally guaranteed loans, including those of both the FFEL and Federal Direct
Student Loan Programs, into one single aggregate guaranteed loan. A
borrower may request the inclusion of government-guaranteed loans held by other
student loan lenders. When that occurs, the underlying loans chosen
for consolidation that are not already in the Company’s portfolio are purchased
at face value from the other lenders. The repayment rate on a Consolidation Loan
is a fixed rate that represents the weighted average interest rate of the loans
retired. The maximum term of a Consolidation Loan is 30
years.
Deficit Reduction Act — In February 2006, the
Deficit Reduction Act, P.L. 109-171, was signed into law, marking Congress’
completion of the federal fiscal year 2006 budget reconciliation process.
Title VIII-A of the Deficit Reduction Act addresses a number of
budget-related higher education issues that modify certain provisions of the
Higher Education Act. For information on the impact of the Deficit
Reduction Act, see Regulatory
Impacts on page 16.
Department — The Department as
referred to in the 2007 Annual Report and Form 10-K, is the U.S. Department of
Education.
Exceptional Performer (EP)
Designation — The Exceptional Performer designation was granted to those
FFEL Program loan servicers that meet the performance standards established by
the Department. The Company and several of its servicers obtained
Exceptional Performer status effective in 2004. Under previous
Department rules, as long as Exceptional Performer eligibility was maintained,
the Company received 100% reimbursement on all eligible FFEL Program default
claims that were submitted for reimbursement by the Company or its eligible
third-party servicers. Under the Deficit Reduction Act, the reimbursement rate
on defaulted loans submitted for reimbursement on or after July 1, 2006 was
reduced to 99%. The CCRA Act eliminated the Exceptional Performer
Program as of October 1, 2007, substantially reducing all default claim
reimbursements to between 97% and 98%.
FFEL Program — The FFEL
Program is the Federal Family Education Loan Program, administered by the
Department of Education.
FFEL Program Subsidized and
Unsubsidized Stafford and PLUS Loans — Subsidized and unsubsidized
Federal Stafford and PLUS Loans are those loans that are guaranteed against loss
under the FFEL Program in the event of borrower default, death, disability,
bankruptcy or closed school. Subsidized Federal Stafford Loans
are those loans generally made to students who pass certain need
criteria. Unsubsidized Federal Stafford Loans are designed for
students who do not qualify for subsidized Federal Stafford Loans due to
parental and/or student income and assets in excess of permitted amounts or
whose need exceeds the basic Stafford limit. Federal PLUS Loans are
made to parents of dependent students and to graduate and professional
students.
Floor Income — The
Company determines floor income to be the amount of additional interest income
generated when net interest margin exceeds the minimum expected
spreads. Floor income, which is a component of net interest income,
is defined as the difference between the income earned at the borrower payment
rate (which is generally reset each July 1st) less the Department-stipulated
asset spread and the funding cost of the asset. Floor income has been reduced
under certain provisions of the Deficit Reduction Act which became effective
April 1, 2006. These provisions require the rebate of almost all floor income to
the Department from loans for which the first disbursement was made on or after
April 1, 2006. Floor income, as determined by the Company, is a financial
measure that is not defined by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles
(GAAP).
Higher Education Act — The
Higher Education Act as referred to in the 2007 Annual Report and Form 10-K, is
the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended.
Managed Student Loan Assets —
Managed Student loan assets represent the portfolio of student loans owned by
the Company and reported on its balance sheet, as well as those loans that are
serviced on behalf of securitization trusts and certain other
lenders.
Private Education Loans —
Private education loans primarily consist of CitiAssist Loans (as described
above) and private consolidation loans.
Qualifying Special Purpose Entities
(QSPE) — A qualifying special purpose entity is a trust or other entity
that meets the QSPE qualifications of SFAS No. 140, Accounting for Transfers and
Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishment of Liabilities, as
amended (SFAS 140). SFAS 140 places significant restrictions on the
permitted activities of a QSPE, which is a passive entity that cannot engage in
active decision making.
Residual Interests — Residual
interests represent an entity’s right to receive cash flows from the loans it
securitizes and sells to QSPEs that are in excess of amounts needed to pay
servicing, derivative costs (if any), other fees, and the principal and interest
on the notes backed by the loans.
Retained Interest — Retained
interest is the term used to identify the securitization asset that is formed by
the combination of residual interests and servicing assets.
Servicing Assets — Servicing
assets represent the value of the cash flows that result from contracts to
service financial assets under which the estimated future revenues from the
contractually specified servicing fees are expected to exceed adequate
compensation associated with servicing assets. The servicing asset is recognized
only when it is contractually separated from the underlying assets by the sale
or securitization of the asset with servicing retained.
Special
Allowance Payment (SAP) — Special allowance
payments are those interest payments made by the federal government when
the stated interest rate on the FFEL Program loans provides less than prescribed
rates of return, as defined by the Higher Education Act. When that
occurs, the federal government makes a SAP, which increases the lender’s loan
yield by a legally specified markup over a base rate tied to either the 90-day
Commercial Paper rate or the 91-day Treasury Bill auction yield, depending on
the origination date. When the stated interest rate on the FFEL
Program loans provides more than prescribed rates of return, that excess return
must be returned to the federal government. Most FFEL Program loans qualify for
the federal government’s SAP.
Corporate
Governance and Controls
The
Company has a Code of Conduct that expresses the values that drive employee
behavior and maintains the Company’s commitment to the highest standards of
conduct. In addition, the Company adopted a Code of Ethics for Financial
Professionals which applies to all finance, accounting, treasury, tax and
investor relations professionals and which supplements the companywide Code of
Conduct.
Both the
Code of Conduct and the Code of Ethics for Financial Professionals can be found
on the Company’s website at www.studentloan.com by
clicking on the “Investors” link and then clicking on the “Board and Management”
link. The Company’s Corporate Governance Guidelines and the charter
for both the Audit Committee and Compensation Committee are available free of
charge on the website or by writing to The Student Loan Corporation, Investor
Relations, 750 Washington Boulevard, Stamford, CT 06901.
Controls
and Procedures
Disclosure
The
Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that
information required to be disclosed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
as amended, is accumulated and communicated to management, including the chief
executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely
decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company has established a
Disclosure Committee which has responsibility for ensuring that there is an
adequate and effective process for establishing, maintaining, and evaluating
disclosure controls and procedures for the Company in connection with its
external disclosures.
The
Company's management, with the participation of the Company’s chief executive
officer and chief financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the
Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule
13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange
Act)) as of December 31, 2007. Based on that evaluation, the
Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded
that, at that date, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were
effective.
Internal
Control Over Financial Reporting
There
have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial
reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the
Exchange Act) during the quarter ended December 31, 2007 that have materially
affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal
control over financial reporting.
|
MANAGEMENT’S
REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL
REPORTING
|
The
management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining
adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in
Rule 13a-15(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a
process designed under the supervision of the Company’s principal executive and
principal financial officers, and effected by the Company’s board of directors,
management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements
for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles. This process includes those policies and procedures
that:
·
|
Pertain
to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and
fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the
Company;
|
|
|
·
|
Provide
reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit
preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company
are being made only in accordance with proper authorizations of management
and directors of the Company; and
|
|
|
·
|
Provide
reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of
unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that
could have a material effect on the financial
statements.
|
Because
of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not
prevent or detect all misstatements. Projections of any evaluation of
effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk (i) that controls may
become inadequate because of changes in condition, or (ii) that the degree of
compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
The
Company’s management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007. In making
this assessment, the Company’s management used the criteria set forth by the
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in
Internal Control-Integrated Framework. Based on their assessment, management
believes that, as of December 31, 2007, the Company’s internal control over
financial reporting is effective based on those criteria.
The effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial
reporting has been audited by KPMG LLP, the Company's independent registered
public accounting firm, as stated in their report on page 37, which expressed an
unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over
financial reporting as of December 31, 2007.
|
REPORT
OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM – INTERNAL CONTROL OVER
FINANCIAL REPORTING
|
The
Board of Directors and Stockholders
The
Student Loan Corporation:
We have
audited the internal control over financial reporting of The Student Loan
Corporation and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2007, based on
criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated
Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Treadway Commission (COSO).
The Company's management is responsible for maintaining effective
internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the
effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the
accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting.
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control
over financial reporting based on our audit.
We
conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective
internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material
respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over
financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and
testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal
control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such
other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe
that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A
company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to
provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting
and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal
control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1)
pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and
fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company;
(2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to
permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are
being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of
the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely
detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s
assets that could have a material effect on the financial
statements.
Because
of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not
prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation
of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may
become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of
compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our
opinion, The Student Loan Corporation and subsidiaries maintained, in all
material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated
Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Treadway Commission.
We also
have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting
Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company
as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the related consolidated statements of
income, changes in stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in
the three-year period ended December 31, 2007, and our report dated February 26,
2008 expressed an
unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
KPMG
LLP
New York,
New York
February
26, 2008
|
REPORT
OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM – CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS
|
The
Board of Directors and Stockholders
The
Student Loan Corporation:
We have
audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of The Student Loan
Corporation and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and
the related consolidated statements of income, changes in stockholders’ equity,
and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31,
2007. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the
Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these
consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We
conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require
that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether
the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit
includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and
disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the
accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well
as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We
believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our
opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly,
in all material respects, the financial position of The Student Loan Corporation
and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the results of their
operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period
ended December 31, 2007, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting
principles.
As
discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, in 2007 the
Company changed its methods of accounting for fair value measurements, the fair
value option for financial assets and financial liabilities, and uncertainty in
income taxes, and in 2006 the Company changed its methods of accounting for
certain hybrid financial instruments and servicing of financial
assets.
We also
have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting
Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial
reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated
Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the
Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated February 26, 2008 expressed an
unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over
financial reporting.
KPMG
LLP
New York,
New York
February
26, 2008
CONSOLIDATED
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The
Student Loan Corporation and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF INCOME
|
|
Years
ended December 31
|
|
(Dollars
in thousands, except per share amounts)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
Net
Interest Income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
income
|
|
$ |
1,563,811 |
|
|
$ |
1,624,563 |
|
|
$ |
1,300,849 |
|
Interest
expense to principal stockholder (Notes 4, 5, 9 and 12)
|
|
|
(1,175,164 |
) |
|
|
(1,213,033 |
) |
|
|
(807,808 |
) |
Net
interest income
|
|
|
388,647 |
|
|
|
411,530 |
|
|
|
493,041 |
|
Provision
for loan losses (Note 2)
|
|
|
(59,920 |
) |
|
|
(26,170 |
) |
|
|
(13,157 |
) |
Net
interest income after provision for loan losses
|
|
|
328,727 |
|
|
|
385,360 |
|
|
|
479,884 |
|
Other
Income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gains
on loans securitized (Note 14)
|
|
|
70,814 |
|
|
|
189,017 |
|
|
|
129,578 |
|
Gains
on loans sold
|
|
|
41,044 |
|
|
|
26,813 |
|
|
|
23,137 |
|
Fee
and other income (Note 7)
|
|
|
36,301 |
|
|
|
28,861 |
|
|
|
3,106 |
|
Total
other income
|
|
|
148,159 |
|
|
|
244,691 |
|
|
|
155,821 |
|
Operating
Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salaries
and employee benefits (Notes 9 and 10)
|
|
|
61,628 |
|
|
|
56,930 |
|
|
|
47,717 |
|
Other
expenses (Notes 8 and 9)
|
|
|
117,890 |
|
|
|
108,829 |
|
|
|
101,238 |
|
Total
operating expenses
|
|
|
179,518 |
|
|
|
165,759 |
|
|
|
148,955 |
|
Income
before income taxes and extraordinary item
|
|
|
297,368 |
|
|
|
464,292 |
|
|
|
486,750 |
|
Provision
for income taxes (Note 11)
|
|
|
114,677 |
|
|
|
177,480 |
|
|
|
183,255 |
|
Income
before extraordinary item
|
|
|
182,691 |
|
|
|
286,812 |
|
|
|
303,495 |
|
Gain
on extinguishment of trust, net of taxes of $3,448 for the year ended
December 31, 2005
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
5,465 |
|
Net
income
|
|
$ |
182,691 |
|
|
$ |
286,812 |
|
|
$ |
308,960 |
|
Basic earnings per common
share (Note 1)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income
before extraordinary item
|
|
$ |
9.13 |
|
|
$ |
14.34 |
|
|
$ |
15.18 |
|
Extraordinary
item
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
0.27 |
|
Net
income
|
|
$ |
9.13 |
|
|
$ |
14.34 |
|
|
$ |
15.45 |
|
See
accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
The
Student Loan Corporation and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
|
|
December
31
|
|
(Dollars
in thousands, except per share amounts)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federally
insured student loans (Note 2)
|
|
$ |
16,244,273 |
|
|
$ |
17,184,133 |
|
Private
education loans (Note 2)
|
|
|
4,696,337 |
|
|
|
3,072,394 |
|
Deferred
origination and premium costs (Note 2)
|
|
|
668,082 |
|
|
|
632,872 |
|
Allowance
for loan losses (Note 2)
|
|
|
(42,115 |
) |
|
|
(14,197 |
) |
Student
loans, net
|
|
|
21,566,577 |
|
|
|
20,875,202 |
|
Other
loans and lines of credit (Note 2)
|
|
|
87,437 |
|
|
|
76,117 |
|
Loans
held for sale (Note 2)
|
|
|
337,790 |
|
|
|
323,041 |
|
Cash
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
6,570 |
|
Residual
interests in securitized loans (Note 14)
|
|
|
633,074 |
|
|
|
546,422 |
|
Other
assets (Note 3)
|
|
|
1,154,956 |
|
|
|
809,251 |
|
Total
Assets
|
|
$ |
23,779,859 |
|
|
$ |
22,636,603 |
|
Liabilities
and Stockholders’ Equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Short-term
borrowings payable to principal stockholder (Note 4)
|
|
$ |
13,373,000 |
|
|
$ |
11,136,800 |
|
Long-term
borrowings payable to principal stockholder (Note 5)
|
|
|
8,100,000 |
|
|
|
9,200,000 |
|
Deferred
income taxes (Note 11)
|
|
|
287,462 |
|
|
|
287,641 |
|
Other
liabilities (Note 6)
|
|
|
395,174 |
|
|
|
458,861 |
|
Total
liabilities
|
|
|
22,155,636 |
|
|
|
21,083,302 |
|
Stockholders’
Equity
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred
stock, par value $0.01 per share; authorized
10,000,000
shares; no shares issued or outstanding
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
– |
|
Common
stock, par value $0.01 per share; authorized
50,000,000
shares; 20,000,000 shares issued and outstanding
|
|
|
200 |
|
|
|
200 |
|
Additional
paid-in capital
|
|
|
141,355 |
|
|
|
141,324 |
|
Retained
earnings
|
|
|
1,482,668 |
|
|
|
1,410,968 |
|
Accumulated
other changes in equity from nonowner sources
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
809 |
|
Total
stockholders’ equity
|
|
|
1,624,223 |
|
|
|
1,553,301 |
|
Total
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
|
|
$ |
23,779,859 |
|
|
$ |
22,636,603 |
|
See
accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
The
Student Loan Corporation and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
|
|
Years
ended December 31
|
|
(Dollars
in thousands, except per share amounts)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
COMMON
STOCK AND ADDITIONAL PAID-IN CAPITAL
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance,
beginning of period
|
|
$ |
141,524 |
|
|
$ |
139,583 |
|
|
$ |
139,376 |
|
Capital
contributions and other changes
|
|
|
31 |
|
|
|
1,941 |
|
|
|
207 |
|
Balance,
end of period
|
|
$ |
141,555 |
|
|
$ |
141,524 |
|
|
$ |
139,583 |
|
RETAINED
EARNINGS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance,
beginning of period
|
|
$ |
1,410,968 |
|
|
$ |
1,222,262 |
|
|
$ |
999,702 |
|
Net
income
|
|
|
182,691 |
|
|
|
286,812 |
|
|
|
308,960 |
|
Cumulative
effect of adoption of accounting standard, net of taxes of $506 and $941
in 2007 and 2006, respectively
|
|
|
809 |
|
|
|
1,494 |
|
|
|
– |
|
Common
dividends declared, $5.59 per common share in 2007; $4.98 per common share
in 2006; $4.32 per common share in 2005
|
|
|
(111,800 |
) |
|
|
(99,600 |
) |
|
|
(86,400 |
) |
Balance,
end of period
|
|
$ |
1,482,668 |
|
|
$ |
1,410,968 |
|
|
$ |
1,222,262 |
|
ACCUMULATED
OTHER CHANGES IN EQUITY FROM NONOWNER SOURCES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance,
beginning of period
|
|
$ |
809 |
|
|
$ |
– |
|
|
$ |
7,829 |
|
Net
change in unrealized gains on investment securities, net of taxes of
$(506) in 2007, $506 in 2006 and $(5,017) in 2005 (Note 1)
|
|
|
(809 |
) |
|
|
809 |
|
|
|
(7,829 |
) |
Balance,
end of period
|
|
$ |
– |
|
|
$ |
809 |
|
|
$ |
– |
|
TOTAL
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
|
|
$ |
1,624,223 |
|
|
$ |
1,553,301 |
|
|
$ |
1,361,845 |
|
SUMMARY
OF CHANGES IN EQUITY FROM NONOWNER SOURCES
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
income
|
|
$ |
182,691 |
|
|
$ |
286,812 |
|
|
$ |
308,960 |
|
Changes
in equity from nonowner sources, net of taxes
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
809 |
|
|
|
(7,829 |
) |
Total
changes in equity from nonowner sources
|
|
$ |
182,691 |
|
|
$ |
287,621 |
|
|
$ |
301,131 |
|
See
accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
The
Student Loan Corporation and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
|
|
Years
ended December 31,
|
|
(Dollars
in thousands)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
Cash
flows from operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
income
|
|
$ |
182,691 |
|
|
$ |
286,812 |
|
|
$ |
308,960 |
|
Adjustments
to reconcile net income to net cash from operating
activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Depreciation
and amortization of equipment and computer software
|
|
|
14,429 |
|
|
|
13,658 |
|
|
|
13,978 |
|
Amortization
of deferred loan origination and purchase costs
|
|
|
109,728 |
|
|
|
145,792 |
|
|
|
133,416 |
|
Amortization
of servicing asset
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
6,958 |
|
Accreted
interest on residual interests
|
|
|
(59,177 |
) |
|
|
(24,352 |
) |
|
|
(8,113 |
) |
Provision
for loan losses
|
|
|
59,920 |
|
|
|
26,170 |
|
|
|
13,157 |
|
Deferred
tax (benefit)/expense
|
|
|
(179 |
) |
|
|
(3,649 |
) |
|
|
108,779 |
|
Gains
on loans sold and securitized
|
|
|
(111,858 |
) |
|
|
(215,830 |
) |
|
|
(152,715 |
) |
(Gain)/loss
on valuation of residual interests
|
|
|
(2,733 |
) |
|
|
15,391 |
|
|
|
19,212 |
|
Gain
on extinguishment of the 2002 Trust
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
(8,913 |
) |
Loss
on valuation of servicing assets
|
|
|
15,668 |
|
|
|
13,287 |
|
|
|
– |
|
Change
in loans originated for resale
|
|
|
(292,949 |
) |
|
|
(888,712 |
) |
|
|
(86,686 |
) |
Cash
expenditures on loan origination and purchase premium
costs
|
|
|
(5,330 |
) |
|
|
(13,906 |
) |
|
|
(2,013 |
) |
Proceeds
from loans sold and securitized
|
|
|
232,305 |
|
|
|
876,263 |
|
|
|
40,411 |
|
Cash
received on residual interests classified as trading
assets
|
|
|
65,388 |
|
|
|
17,095 |
|
|
|
– |
|
Change
in accrued interest receivable
|
|
|
(187,984 |
) |
|
|
(52,008 |
) |
|
|
(141,061 |
) |
Change
in other assets
|
|
|
(135,703 |
) |
|
|
(12,325 |
) |
|
|
(2,294 |
) |
Change
in other liabilities
|
|
|
(63,657 |
) |
|
|
105,893 |
|
|
|
26,303 |
|
Net
cash (used in)/provided by operating activities
|
|
|
(179,441 |
) |
|
|
289,579 |
|
|
|
269,379 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
flows from investing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change
in loans
|
|
|
(5,088,896 |
) |
|
|
(3,903,506 |
) |
|
|
(4,579,574 |
) |
Redemption
of 2002 Trust beneficial interests, net of expenses
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
(373,352 |
) |
Cash
expenditures on loan origination and purchase premium
costs
|
|
|
(230,655 |
) |
|
|
(257,919 |
) |
|
|
(337,651 |
) |
Proceeds
from loans sold and securitized
|
|
|
4,474,616 |
|
|
|
7,622,265 |
|
|
|
4,919,039 |
|
Cash received on residual interests classified as available-for-sale
assets
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
7,749 |
|
|
|
6,050 |
|
Capital
expenditures on equipment and computer software
|
|
|
(6,569 |
) |
|
|
(8,850 |
) |
|
|
(12,067 |
) |
Net
cash (used in)/provided by investing activities
|
|
|
(851,504 |
) |
|
|
3,459,739 |
|
|
|
(377,555 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
flows from financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net change in borrowings with original maturities of one year or
less
|
|
|
(1,963,800 |
) |
|
|
(144,300 |
) |
|
|
(4,154,900 |
) |
Proceeds
from borrowings with original terms of one year or more
|
|
|
7,100,000 |
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
13,900,000 |
|
Repayments
of borrowings with original terms of one year or more
|
|
|
(4,000,000 |
) |
|
|
(3,500,000 |
) |
|
|
(9,550,000 |
) |
Dividends
paid to stockholders
|
|
|
(111,800 |
) |
|
|
(99,600 |
) |
|
|
(86,400 |
) |
Net
cash provided by/(used in) financing activities
|
|
|
1,024,400 |
|
|
|
(3,743,900 |
) |
|
|
108,700 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
(decrease)/increase in cash
|
|
|
(6,545 |
) |
|
|
5,418 |
|
|
|
524 |
|
Cash
– beginning of period
|
|
|
6,570 |
|
|
|
1,152 |
|
|
|
628 |
|
Cash
– end of period
|
|
$ |
25 |
|
|
$ |
6,570 |
|
|
$ |
1,152 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental
disclosure
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash
paid for:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
|
|
$ |
1,168,513 |
|
|
$ |
1,220,339 |
|
|
$ |
743,750 |
|
Income
taxes, net
|
|
$ |
176,049 |
|
|
$ |
125,237 |
|
|
$ |
122,260 |
|
See
accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
NOTES
TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. SIGNIFICANT
ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Background
The
accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements of the Student Loan Corporation
(the Company), a Delaware corporation, include the accounts of the Company and
its wholly owned subsidiaries, Educational Loan Center, Inc. and SLC Student
Loan Receivables I, Inc. All intercompany balances and transactions have been
eliminated.
The
Company, through a trust agreement with Citibank, N.A. (CBNA), is an originator,
manager and servicer of student loans, including loans made in accordance with
federally sponsored guaranteed student loan programs as well as private
education loans. CBNA, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of
Citigroup Inc. (Citigroup), is the largest shareholder of the Company, owning
80% of the Company’s outstanding common stock.
Basis
of Presentation
The
Company’s accounting policies are in conformity with U.S. generally accepted
accounting principles. The Company’s operations are a single segment for
financial reporting purposes, as the Company’s only operations consist of
originating, managing and servicing student loans.
Certain
amounts in the prior years’ financial statements have been reclassified to
conform to the current year’s presentation. Such reclassification had no effect
on the results of operations as previously reported.
Use
of Estimates
The
preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and
liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the balance
sheet date and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the
reporting period. Actual results could differ from those
estimates.
Revenue
Recognition
Revenues,
which include net interest income, fees and gains on loans sold and securitized,
if any, are recognized as they are earned. Interest income includes
special allowance payments made by the federal government as prescribed under
the Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended (the Higher Education Act), and is
net of amortization of premiums and origination costs. The Company accounts for
premiums and origination costs in accordance with Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 91, Accounting for Nonrefundable Fees
and Costs Associated with Originating or Acquiring Loans and Initial Direct
Costs of Leases (SFAS 91). Deferred premiums and origination costs on the
Company’s loan portfolio are amortized using the interest method.
Loans
The
Company has a portfolio of student loans originated under the Federal Family
Education Loan (FFEL) Program authorized by the U.S. Department of Education
(the Department) under the Higher Education Act, which are insured by guaranty
agencies (guarantors). Student loan interest, inclusive of
special allowance payments, if any, is recognized as it is
earned.
The
Company also has a portfolio of private education loans. Such loans
can be insured against loss by private insurers or covered under other
risk-sharing agreements with creditworthy schools. A portion of the
loans, including many high risk loans, are neither insured nor are covered under
risk-sharing agreements. The Company is exposed to 100% of loss on
such loans.
Federally
mandated loan origination or lender fees paid on FFEL Program loans, as well as
other qualifying loan origination costs and premiums on all loans, are deferred
and recognized as yield adjustments to interest income.
Allowance
for Loan Losses
The
Company has an allowance for loan losses that provides a reserve for estimated
losses on: (1) the portion of the FFEL Program loan portfolio that is subject to
the risk-sharing provisions of the Higher Education Act and (2) the private
education loan portfolio, after considering the credit risk insurance coverage
obtained from third parties and the impact of any risk-sharing agreements with
certain schools. Amounts of estimated potential future losses inherent in the
Company’s portfolio are expensed currently and increase the provision for loan
losses. Actual losses are charged against the reserve as they occur.
The size of the allowance is based on the amount of estimated losses inherent in
the Company’s FFEL Program and private education loan portfolios. Estimated
losses, which are based on historical delinquency and credit loss experience
adjusted for projected market conditions, are determined after considering the
current aging of the portfolio.
The
Company immediately ceases to accrue interest income on a student loan when one
of the following events occurs: (1) a FFEL Program loan loses its guarantee, (2)
an insured private education loan reaches 150 days of delinquency or (3) an
uninsured private education loan reaches 90 days of
delinquency. Accrual of interest is resumed if the loan guarantee is
reinstated. Interest received on non-accruing loans are recorded
directly into interest income. The Company immediately writes off the loan
balance corresponding to the unguaranteed portion of FFEL Program Loans at 270
days of delinquency and the uninsured portion of private education loans at 120
days of delinquency. Also, the Company writes off the loan balances
for loans in which the guarantee claim is not received for FFEL Program and
private education loans after 450 days and 240 days, respectively. When loans or
portions of loans are written off, the Company reduces interest income by the
amounts of accrued, uncollected interest.
Transfer
of Student Loans through Sale or Securitization
Whole
Loan Sales
The
Company accounts for its whole loan sales in accordance with the provisions of
SFAS No. 140, Accounting for
Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities,
a replacement of FASB Statement No. 125, as amended (SFAS 140). In order
for a transfer of financial assets to be considered a sale, the assets
transferred by the Company must have been isolated from the seller, even in
bankruptcy or other receivership, and the purchaser must have the right to sell
the assets transferred. In addition, the sale accounting rules of SFAS 140
require the Company to relinquish effective control over the loans sold as of
the sale date.
Loans
Securitized
There are
two key accounting determinations that must be made relating to securitizations.
First, a determination must be made as to whether the transfer is
considered a sale in accordance with SFAS 140. If it is a sale, the transferred
assets are removed from the Company's consolidated balance sheet with a gain or
loss recognized.
Second,
determination must be made as to whether the securitization entity is
sufficiently independent. If so, the entity is not included in the Company's
Consolidated Financial Statements. For each securitization entity, the Company
makes a determination of whether the entity should be considered a subsidiary of
the Company and be included in its Consolidated Financial Statements or whether
the entity is sufficiently independent and need not be consolidated. If the
securitization entity's activities are sufficiently restricted to meet
accounting requirements to be a qualifying special purpose entity (QSPE), the
securitization entity is not consolidated by the seller of the transferred
assets.
Interests
in the securitized loans are retained in the form of subordinated residual
interests (i.e., interest-only strips) and servicing rights. Prior to January 1,
2007, the Company accounted for its residual interest from the 2004
securitization as available-for-sale securities, with unrealized gains and
losses reported in Accumulated
other changes in equity from nonowner sources. Effective January 1,
2007, the Company
early-adopted SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial
Assets and Financial Liabilities (SFAS 159). In accordance with SFAS 159,
the Company elected to measure its residual interest from the 2004
securitization at fair value. Electing the fair value option for this residual
interest resulted in consistent treatment for all of the Company’s residual
interests and related derivatives. In order to convert to the fair value method,
effective January 1, 2007, the Company reclassified the unrealized gain on the
residual interest from the 2004 securitization from Accumulated other changes in equity
from nonowner sources to
Retained earnings. Beginning with the first quarter of 2007, changes in
fair value of the 2004 residual interest are reported in Fee and other income. The
residual interests from its other securitizations continue to be accounted for
as trading securities, with unrealized gains and losses reported in Fee and other income. See Note
2 for more information on SFAS 159. The Company’s servicing assets are reported
at fair value, in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 156, Accounting for Servicing of
Financial Assets – an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140 (SFAS
156), and are included in Other assets on its
Consolidated Financial Statements. Unrealized gains and losses associated with
servicing asset valuation changes are reported in Fee and other
income.
Gains are
recognized at the time of securitization and are reported in Gains on loans
securitized. Securitization gains depend in part on the
previous carrying amount of the loans involved in the transfer and are allocated
between the loans sold and the residual interests and servicing assets,
collectively, the retained interests, based on their relative fair values at the
date of sale. The Company estimates the fair value of these retained
interests using an income approach by determining the present value of expected
future cash flows using modeling techniques that incorporate management's best
estimates of key assumptions, including, but not limited to prepayment speeds,
credit losses, borrower benefits and discount rates.
Additional
information on the Company's securitization activities may be found in Note
14.
Loans
Held for Sale
Loans
held for sale are loans that the Company plans to include in a future
securitization or sale. Management
continually assesses its future securitization and loan sale plans and transfers
sufficient amounts of loans to the held for sale portfolio to meet the Company’s
anticipated loan sale requirements in the near term. These loans are recorded at
the lower of cost, consisting of principal and deferred costs, or market value,
which is based on sales of similar assets. For the years ended
December 31, 2007 and 2006, market value exceeded cost. Accordingly, no
valuation allowance was necessary.
Derivatives
The
Company manages its exposure to interest rate changes through the use of
derivative financial products including swaps and written options. These
derivatives are carried at fair value in Other assets or Other liabilities in the
Company’s consolidated balance sheet with changes in fair value recorded
currently in Fee and other
income.
Internally
Developed Software
Certain
direct costs associated with internally developed software are capitalized. The
Company capitalizes development costs for internal use software in accordance
with the provisions of Statement of Position 98-1, Accounting for the Costs of
Computer Software Developed or Obtained for Internal Use. These costs are
included in Other assets
and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful life not to exceed
ten years. Deferral of costs starts after the preliminary project
stage is completed and ends when the project is substantially complete and ready
for its intended use. Capitalized internally developed software costs are
periodically reviewed for impairment. Capitalized costs of projects
deemed to be obsolete or abandoned are written off to operating
expense.
Employee
Benefits Expense
The
Company’s employee benefits are provided under programs administered and
maintained by Citigroup for Citigroup’s and the Company’s
employees. Employee benefits expense includes prior and current
service costs of pension and other postretirement benefit plans, which are
accrued on a current basis based on a Citigroup allocation that is applied to
employee salary costs. Any pension obligation
pertaining to these plans is a liability of Citigroup.
Earnings
Per Share
Basic
earnings per common share is computed by dividing income applicable to common
stockholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the
period. In 2007, 2006 and 2005, the Company had no securities or other contracts
to issue Company common stock that could result in dilution.
Income
Taxes
The
Company is included in the consolidated federal income tax return of Citigroup,
and is included in certain combined or unitary state/local income or franchise
tax returns of Citigroup or its subsidiaries. While the Company is
included in these consolidated, combined or unitary returns, it has agreed to
pay to CBNA an amount equal to the federal, state and local taxes the Company
would have paid had it filed its returns on a separate company basis and the
amount, if any, by which the tax liability of any unitary group (of which any
Citigroup affiliate other than the Company is a member) is adjusted by virtue of
the inclusion of the Company’s activity in the group’s unitary
return. CBNA has agreed to pay the Company an amount equal to the tax
benefit of the actual tax loss of the Company as if the Company filed a separate
return and the amount, if any, by which the tax liability of any unitary group
(of which any Citigroup affiliate other than the Company is a member) is
adjusted by virtue of the inclusion of the Company’s activity in the group’s
unitary return.
Deferred
income tax assets and liabilities are recorded for the future tax consequences
of events that have been recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements or
tax returns based upon enacted tax laws and rates. Deferred tax
assets are recognized subject to management’s judgment that realization is more
likely than not. Since all of the Company’s deferred tax assets are expected to
be realized, the Company does not maintain a valuation allowance for these
assets, as per SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes
(SFAS 109).
Accounting
Changes
Fair
Value Measurements
As of
January 1, 2007, the Company elected to early-adopt SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (SFAS
157). SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a consistent framework for
measuring fair value and expands disclosure requirements about fair value
measurements. The Company’s early adoption of SFAS 157 had no material impact on
its results of operations or financial condition.
Fair
Value Option
As of
January 1, 2007, the Company elected to early-adopt SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial
Assets and Financial Liabilities (SFAS 159). Under this Standard, the
Company may elect to report financial instruments and certain other items at
fair value on a contract-by-contract basis with changes in fair value reported
in earnings. This election is generally made when the Company first
recognizes a financial asset or liability and is irrevocable. SFAS
159 provides an opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings that was
caused by measuring hedged assets and liabilities that were previously required
to use an accounting method other than fair value, while the related economic
hedges were reported at fair value. Upon adoption, the Company
elected to account for its residual interest from the 2004 securitization, which
was classified as an available-for-sale security, at fair value. As a result,
the Company reclassified $0.8 million in unrealized gains from Accumulated other changes in equity
from nonowner sources to Retained
earnings.
Accounting
for Uncertainty in Income Taxes
In June
2006, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income
Taxes (FIN 48), which sets out a framework for preparers to use to
determine the appropriate level of tax reserves to maintain for uncertain tax
positions. This interpretation of SFAS 109 uses a two-step approach wherein a
tax benefit is recognized if a position is more-likely-than-not to be sustained.
The amount of the benefit is then measured to be the highest tax benefit which
is greater than fifty percent likely to be realized. FIN 48 also sets out
disclosure requirements to enhance transparency of an entity's tax reserves. The
Company adopted FIN 48 as of January 1, 2007. The Company’s adoption of FIN 48
on January 1, 2007 did not have a material impact on its results of operations
or financial condition.
The
Company has no material unrecognized tax benefits. The Company’s policy is to
classify interest and penalties as income tax expense. The Company has not
recognized any material amounts of interest or penalties in the Consolidated
Financial Statements for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006. The
following are the major tax jurisdictions in which the Company operates and the
earliest tax year subject to examination:
Jurisdiction
|
Tax
year
|
United
States
|
2003
|
New
York
|
2005
|
Accounting
for Servicing of Financial Assets
On
January 1, 2006, the Company elected to early-adopt SFAS No. 156, Accounting for Servicing of
Financial Assets, an Amendment to SFAS No. 140 (SFAS 156). This
pronouncement permits an election to remeasure servicing rights at fair value,
with the changes in the fair value being recorded in current earnings. Upon
adoption, the Company chose the fair value measurement method for recording its
servicing assets and increased its beginning of the period retained earnings by
a $1.5 million after tax cumulative effect adjustment to reflect its student
loan servicing asset at fair value at January 1, 2006.
Future
Application of Accounting Standards
Asset
Transfers and Securitization Accounting
The FASB
is currently working on amendments to the existing accounting standards
governing asset transfers and fair value measurements in business combinations
and impairment tests. Upon completion of these standards, the Company will need
to reevaluate its accounting and disclosures. Due to the ongoing deliberations
of the standard setters, the Company is unable to accurately determine the
effect of future amendments or proposals at this time.
2. STUDENT
LOANS
The
Company’s portfolio of student loans consists primarily of loans originated
under government guaranteed loan programs, principally the FFEL
Program. The Company owns, holds and manages the following types of
FFEL Program loans: subsidized Federal Stafford, unsubsidized Federal Stafford,
Federal PLUS and Federal Consolidation Loans. In addition, the Company’s
government-guaranteed portfolio includes Federal Supplemental Loans for Students
(SLS Loans) and Health Education Assistance Loans (HEAL Loans). When the
statutory interest rates on Federal Consolidation Loans including substantially
all FFEL Program loans provide less than prescribed rates of return, the Company
is paid by the federal government as defined by the Higher Education
Act. The federal government pays a special allowance payment (SAP),
which increases the Company’s loan yield over a base rate tied to either the
90-day Commercial Paper rate or the 91-day Treasury Bill auction yield,
depending on the loan origination date. In addition, the federal government
generally pays the stated interest rate on subsidized Federal Stafford Loans
while the borrower is in school, grace or deferment.
The
Company’s loan portfolio grows through disbursements of new FFEL Program loans
as well as secondary market and other loan procurement
activity. Purchases may include FFEL Program loans purchased through
third-party purchase agreements. These agreements obligate the
Company to purchase eligible loans offered for sale and/or originated by the
other party. The contractual premium on the loans purchased under
these contracts varies from agreement to agreement.
The
Company’s portfolio also contains private education loans originated through
alternative programs developed for students who either seek additional financial
assistance beyond that available through the government programs and other
sources or do not qualify for federal government sponsored student loan
programs. Private education loans are generally offered based on the
borrower’s or co-signer’s creditworthiness.
The
Company’s private education loan portfolio includes CitiAssist Loans, the
Company’s proprietary loan product, offered as a means to finance higher
education costs that exceed borrowers’ available financial resources, including
those available under the FFEL Program. In addition, the Company
offers a private consolidation loan. Private education loans are prime
rate-based with provisions similar to the FFEL Program, such as deferment of
both principal and interest payments while the student is in
school.
In order
to comply with certain legal and regulatory requirements, private education
loans are originated by CBNA, the Company’s principal shareholder. In
accordance with the provisions of an intercompany agreement, origination and
servicing fees are charged to CBNA for the underwriting, disbursing and
servicing of private education loans. Following full disbursement,
the Company purchases all private education loans from CBNA.
The
Company’s loans are summarized by program type as follows:
|
|
December
31
|
|
(Dollars in
thousands)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal
Stafford Loans
|
|
$ |
8,687,483 |
|
|
$ |
7,192,550 |
|
Federal
Consolidation Loans
|
|
|
6,364,762 |
|
|
|
9,118,615 |
|
Federal
SLS/PLUS/HEAL Loans
|
|
|
1,192,028 |
|
|
|
872,968 |
|
Private
education loans
|
|
|
4,696,337 |
|
|
|
3,072,394 |
|
Total
student loans held, excluding deferred costs
|
|
|
20,940,610 |
|
|
|
20,256,527 |
|
Deferred
origination and premium costs
|
|
|
668,082 |
|
|
|
632,872 |
|
Student
Loans held
|
|
|
21,608,692 |
|
|
|
20,889,399 |
|
Less:
allowance for loan losses
|
|
|
(42,115 |
) |
|
|
(14,197 |
) |
Student
Loans held, net
|
|
|
21,566,577 |
|
|
|
20,875,202 |
|
Loans
held for sale, excluding deferred costs
|
|
|
331,263 |
|
|
|
315,927 |
|
Deferred
origination and premium costs
|
|
|
6,527 |
|
|
|
7,114 |
|
Loans
held for sale
|
|
|
337,790 |
|
|
|
323,041 |
|
Other
loans and lines of credit
|
|
|
87,437 |
|
|
|
76,117 |
|
Total
loan assets
|
|
$ |
21,991,804 |
|
|
$ |
21,274,360 |
|
The
Company’s FFEL Program loan holdings are guaranteed by the federal government in
the event of a borrower’s default, death, disability, bankruptcy, closed school,
false certification or unpaid school refund, subject to risk-sharing provisions
established by the federal government. Insurance on FFEL Program
loans is provided by certain state or not-for-profit guarantors, which are
reinsured by the federal government.
The
Higher Education Act requires every state to either establish its own guarantor
or contract with another guarantor in order to support the education financing
and credit needs of students at post-secondary schools. FFEL Program guarantors
in each state generally guarantee loans for students attending schools in their
particular state or region or guarantee loans for their residents attending
schools in another state.
FFEL
Program loans are subject to regulatory requirements relating to servicing in
order to maintain the loan’s guarantee. In the event of default on a
student loan or a borrower’s death, disability or bankruptcy, the Company files
a claim with the guarantor of the loan. As of December 31, 2007, the Company
receives reimbursement on substantially all FFEL Program loan claims at a rate
of 97% or 98%, depending on the origination date of the loan.
FFEL
Program loan claims are subject to rejection by the guarantor in the event of
loan servicing or origination defects. If servicing or origination defects are
identified, the claimed loan is rejected and returned to the Company for
remedial loan servicing. During the remedial servicing period,
usually lasting several months, interest income is not accrued. These
loans in remediation were not material at both December 31, 2007 and 2006. If
the guarantee on the rejected claim cannot be reinstated, the defaulted loan is
written off against the allowance for loan losses, generally, within four months
of the claim rejection. Guarantor claim payments on loans with minor servicing
defects are subject to interest penalty deductions that are charged directly
against current period interest income.
The
following tables provide details of loans, excluding allowance for loan losses
and deferred origination and premium costs, by type of guaranty or risk-sharing
agreement:
|
|
December
31
|
|
(Dollars in
thousands)
|
|
2007
|
|
%
|
|
|
2006
|
|
%
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal
Loan Guarantors
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
New
York State Higher Education Services Corp.
|
$ |
|
5,392,849 |
|
|
25 |
|
$ |
|
6,390,072 |
|
|
31 |
|
EdFund
|
|
|
3,472,724 |
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
3,443,002 |
|
|
17 |
|
Other
federal loan guarantors
|
|
|
2,705,888 |
|
|
13 |
|
|
|
2,519,015 |
|
|
12 |
|
United
Student Aid Funds
|
|
|
2,073,709 |
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
2,637,356 |
|
|
13 |
|
American
Student Assistance
|
|
|
1,456,649 |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
282,319 |
|
|
1 |
|
Texas
Guaranteed Student Loan Corp.
|
|
|
849,706 |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
1,085,543 |
|
|
5 |
|
Great
Lakes Higher Education
|
|
|
616,994 |
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
1,137,439 |
|
|
6 |
|
Total
federally guaranteed
|
|
|
16,568,519 |
|
|
78 |
|
|
|
17,494,746 |
|
|
85 |
|
Private
education loan insurers
|
|
|
3,871,659 |
|
|
18 |
|
|
|
2,410,076 |
|
|
12 |
|
Total
guaranteed/insured
|
|
|
20,440,178 |
|
|
96 |
|
|
|
19,904,822 |
|
|
97 |
|
Other
unguaranteed/uninsured (1)
|
|
|
919,132 |
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
743,749 |
|
|
3 |
|
Total
loans
|
$ |
|
21,359,310 |
|
|
100 |
|
$ |
|
20,648,571 |
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
Primarily includes uninsured CitiAssist
loans and lines of credit.
|
|
Although
private education loans do not carry a federal government guarantee, certain of
these loans are insured by either Arrowood Indemnity Company (Arrowood), or
United Guaranty Commercial Insurance Company of North Carolina/New Hampshire
Insurance Company (UGCIC/NHIC). Arrowood was formerly the Royal
Indemnity Company and is a part of Arrowpoint Capital Corp. UGCIC and NHIC are
subsidiaries of American International Group (AIG).
The
Arrowood-insured private education loans that are submitted for default claim
are subject to a risk-sharing loss of 5% of the sum of the outstanding principal
and accrued interest balances. Under the UGCIC/NHIC program, which
insured most private education loans originated during 2006 and 2007, defaults
generally subject the Company to deductibles of 10% or 20% of the claim
amounts.
For
UGCIC/NHIC insured loans originated since the second quarter of 2003, the
Company is insured for losses up to a contractual maximum portfolio loss limits
that range from 12.5% to 13.5%. If cumulative portfolio losses exceed these
limits, the Company is exposed to 100% of subsequent losses. For loans insured
during 2005 and 2006, the insurance premium is calculated under an
experience-rated plan, which may require limited additional premium payments to
be made in the future should performance be worse than the established
parameters. The insurance provided by third-party agencies is provided on an
individual loan basis.
Certain
private education loans are not insured and a portion of these uninsured loans
is covered by risk-sharing agreements with schools and universities. The Company
is exposed to losses of up to 100% on uninsured loans that do not have
risk-sharing agreements.
The
risk-sharing agreements generally take one of two forms as follows: a) the
school reimburses the Company for a specified percentage of the losses of 50% to
100% when the losses exceed an agreed upon threshold ranging from 2% to 9%
or b) the school pays 20% to 30% of the total disbursed amount to
compensate for future expected losses. Although these risk-sharing
agreements reduces the Company’s overall risk, these programs generally provide
for less coverage than private insurance coverage.
The
allowance for loan losses provides a reserve for estimated risk-sharing and
other credit losses on FFEL Program and CitiAssist Loans. Changes in the
Company’s allowance for loan losses are as follows:
(Dollars in
thousands)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance
at beginning of year
|
|
$ |
14,197 |
|
|
$ |
4,990 |
|
|
$ |
5,046 |
|
Provision
for loan losses
|
|
|
59,920 |
|
|
|
26,170 |
|
|
|
13,157 |
|
Charge
offs
|
|
|
(36,045 |
) |
|
|
(19,624 |
) |
|
|
(14,824 |
) |
Recoveries
|
|
|
5,697 |
|
|
|
2,661 |
|
|
|
1,611 |
|
Other
(1)
|
|
|
(1,654 |
) |
|
|
– |
|
|
|
– |
|
Balance
at end of year
|
|
$ |
42,115 |
|
|
$ |
14,197 |
|
|
$ |
4,990 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
Represents reserve amounts associated with loans
securitized.
|
|
At
December 31, 2007 and 2006, the Company had $19 million and $16 million,
respectively, of loans that ceased accruing interest. The Company also had $701
million and $719 million of loans that were greater than 90 days delinquent and
were still accruing interest at December 31, 2007 and 2006,
respectively.
3. OTHER
ASSETS
Other
assets are summarized as follows:
|
|
December
31
|
|
(Dollars in
thousands)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accrued
interest receivable
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
from
student loan borrowers
|
|
$ |
649,219 |
|
|
$ |
440,992 |
|
from
federal government
|
|
|
106,686 |
|
|
|
126,929 |
|
Servicing
asset from securitization activity (Note 14 and 15)
|
|
|
199,112 |
|
|
|
169,234 |
|
Equipment
and computer software (1)
|
|
|
34,563 |
|
|
|
42,423 |
|
Collateral
on derivatives with CBNA
|
|
|
86,699 |
|
|
|
11,431 |
|
Other
|
|
|
78,677 |
|
|
|
18,242 |
|
Total
other assets
|
|
$ |
1,154,956 |
|
|
$ |
809,251 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
Amounts are reflected net of accumulated depreciation
and software amortization of $53 million and $44 million at December
31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
|
|
Depreciation
and software amortization expense totaled $14 million for the years ended
December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005. Included in equipment and computer
software are capitalized internally developed software costs of $31 million and
$38 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. During the
years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, the Company capitalized $5 million and
$7 million, respectively, in costs related to software development.
The
collateral on derivatives with CBNA is a cash reserve pledged against LIBOR
based swaps and interest rate floor options. See Note 12 for further
discussion of the Company’s interest rate swaps.
4. SHORT-TERM
BORROWINGS
Short-term
borrowings are summarized below:
|
|
December
31
|
|
(Dollars in
thousands)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Contracted
Weighted Average Interest Rate
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Contracted
Weighted Average Interest Rate
|
|
Notes
payable
|
|
$ |
5,173,000 |
|
|
|
5.23 |
% |
|
$ |
7,136,800 |
|
|
|
5.36 |
% |
Portion of long-term borrowings due within one year
|
|
$ |
8,200,000 |
|
|
|
4.92 |
% |
|
$ |
4,000,000 |
|
|
|
5.26 |
% |
Total
short-term borrowings
|
|
$ |
13,373,000 |
|
|
|
5.04 |
% |
|
$ |
11,136,800 |
|
|
|
5.32 |
% |
At
December 31, 2007 and 2006, short-term borrowings were made under the terms of
an Omnibus Credit Agreement, as amended (Omnibus Credit Agreement) with CBNA,
which expires in December 2009. Short-term borrowings have a
remaining term to maturity of one year or less. The Company expects that each of
these borrowings will be refinanced with new borrowings under the Omnibus Credit
Agreement. The maximum aggregate credit limit available for combined short and
long-term borrowings was $30 billion at December 31, 2007. The Company believes
that the terms of these agreements are no less favorable to the Company than
those that could be obtained from unaffiliated third parties. At December 31,
2007, all of the notes payable above had variable interest rates.
5. LONG-TERM
BORROWINGS
A summary
of long-term borrowings follows:
|
|
December
31
|
|
(Dollars in
thousands)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CBNA
Notes, based on LIBOR (note rates ranged from 4.84% to 5.17% at December
31, 2007), due July - August 2008
|
|
$ |
5,900,000 |
|
|
$ |
5,900,000 |
|
CBNA
Notes, based on LIBOR or a strike rate, whichever is higher (note rate
5.17% at December 31, 2006), matured January 2007
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
2,000,000 |
|
CBNA
Notes, based on LIBOR (note rate 5.35% at December 31, 2006), matured
December 2007
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
2,000,000 |
|
CBNA
Notes, based on LIBOR (note rate 5.03% at December 31, 2007), due December
2008
|
|
|
2,000,000 |
|
|
|
– |
|
CBNA
Notes, based on LIBOR (note rate 5.03% at December 31, 2007), due December
2009
|
|
|
2,000,000 |
|
|
|
– |
|
CBNA
Notes, fixed rate (note rate of 3.02% at December 31, 2007), due April
2008
|
|
|
300,000 |
|
|
|
300,000 |
|
CBNA
Notes, fixed rate (note rate of 5.39% at December 31, 2007), due September
2016
|
|
|
100,000 |
|
|
|
– |
|
CBNA
Notes, based on LIBOR or strike rate, whichever is higher (note rate of
5.04% at December 31, 2007), due January 2009
|
|
|
1,500,000 |
|
|
|
– |
|
CBNA
Notes, based on LIBOR or strike rate, whichever is higher (note rate of
5.13% at December 31, 2007), due July 2010
|
|
|
2,000,000 |
|
|
|
2,000,000 |
|
CBNA
Notes, based on LIBOR or strike rate, whichever is higher (note rate of
5.05% at December 31, 2007), due July 2015
|
|
|
1,000,000 |
|
|
|
1,000,000 |
|
CBNA
Notes, based on prime rate, (note rate of 5.45% at December 31, 2007), due
January 2010
|
|
|
1,500,000 |
|
|
|
– |
|
Less:
portion of long-term borrowings due within one year
|
|
|
(8,200,000 |
) |
|
|
(4,000,000 |
) |
Total
long-term borrowings
|
|
$ |
8,100,000 |
|
|
$ |
9,200,000 |
|
At
December 31, 2007 and 2006, long-term borrowings were made under the terms of an
Omnibus Credit Agreement with CBNA, the Company’s principal shareholder. The
Omnibus Credit Agreement contains no material financial covenants or
restrictions. Each one to three months, the rates reset on all LIBOR and prime
based borrowings.
At
December 31, 2007, aggregate annual maturities on long-term debt obligations
(based on final maturity dates) were as follows: $3.5 billion in
2009, $3.5 billion in 2010, $1.0 billion in 2015, and $0.1 billion in
2016.
The
Company seeks to minimize interest rate exposure by funding floating rate loans
with floating rate liabilities and by closely matching the underlying rate basis
of the assets with the liabilities. During 2007 and 2006, the Company
held interest rate swap agreements to better match the interest rate
characteristics of its borrowings with the interest rate characteristics of its
student loan assets. See Note 12 for further discussion of the Company’s
interest rate swaps.
Approximately
$4.5 billion of the Company’s outstanding short and long-term debt includes
derivatives embedded in the respective debt instruments. These embedded
derivatives have been determined to be clearly and closely related to the
underlying debt instruments and, in accordance with SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative
Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended (SFAS 133), do not require
bifurcation. Management considers these options as economic hedges to the floor
income component of its assets.
6. OTHER
LIABILITIES
Other
liabilities are summarized as follows:
|
|
December
31
|
|
(Dollars in
thousands)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
payable to CBNA (Note 9)
|
|
$ |
174,519 |
|
|
$ |
167,868 |
|
Income
taxes payable to CBNA (Note 11)
|
|
|
13,221 |
|
|
|
73,550 |
|
Liability
from derivative agreements with CBNA (Note 12)
|
|
|
91,306 |
|
|
|
12,064 |
|
Accounts
payable and other liabilities
|
|
|
116,128 |
|
|
|
205,379 |
|
Total
other liabilities
|
|
$ |
395,174 |
|
|
$ |
458,861 |
|
7. FEE
AND OTHER INCOME
A summary
of fee and other income follows:
|
|
Years
Ended December 31
|
|
(Dollars in
thousands)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income/(losses)
related to residual interests
|
|
$ |
2,733 |
|
|
$ |
(15,391 |
) |
|
$ |
(9,768 |
) |
Servicing
revenue net of valuation gains/(losses) on servicing
assets
|
|
|
51,605 |
|
|
|
21,130 |
|
|
|
(2,764 |
) |
Mark-to-market
(losses)/gains on derivatives
|
|
|
(32,961 |
) |
|
|
4,472 |
|
|
|
- |
|
Other origination and servicing fees from CBNA (Note 9)
|
|
|
7,271 |
|
|
|
7,457 |
|
|
|
6,725 |
|
Late
fees
|
|
|
6,063 |
|
|
|
7,283 |
|
|
|
8,175 |
|
Other
|
|
|
1,590 |
|
|
|
3,910 |
|
|
|
738 |
|
Total
fee and other income
|
|
$ |
36,301 |
|
|
$ |
28,861 |
|
|
$ |
3,106 |
|
8. OTHER
EXPENSES
A summary
of other expenses follows:
|
|
Years
Ended December 31
|
|
(Dollars in
thousands)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Servicing,
professional, guarantor and other fees
|
|
$ |
62,123 |
|
|
$ |
56,707 |
|
|
$ |
51,097 |
|
Depreciation
and amortization
|
|
|
15,205 |
|
|
|
14,467 |
|
|
|
14,012 |
|
Data
processing and communications
|
|
|
14,456 |
|
|
|
10,839 |
|
|
|
10,435 |
|
Advertising
and marketing
|
|
|
8,635 |
|
|
|
10,533 |
|
|
|
9,934 |
|
Stationery,
supplies and postage
|
|
|
6,040 |
|
|
|
6,773 |
|
|
|
6,455 |
|
Premises
|
|
|
3,005 |
|
|
|
2,952 |
|
|
|
2,503 |
|
Travel
and entertainment
|
|
|
2,042 |
|
|
|
2,255 |
|
|
|
1,958 |
|
Other
|
|
|
6,384 |
|
|
|
4,303 |
|
|
|
4,844 |
|
Total
other expenses
|
|
$ |
117,890 |
|
|
$ |
108,829 |
|
|
$ |
101,238 |
|
9. RELATED
PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Citibank,
N.A. (CBNA), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Citigroup Inc. (Citigroup),
owns 80% of the outstanding common stock of the Company. Pursuant to
various intercompany agreements, a number of significant transactions are
carried out between the Company and Citigroup, CBNA and/or their affiliates.
Related party agreements with CBNA include an Omnibus Credit Agreement, a
tax-sharing agreement and student loan originations and servicing
agreements. In addition, the Company maintains a trust agreement with
CBNA through which it originates FFEL Program loans. Also, the
Company has an agreement for education loan servicing with Citibank (South
Dakota), N.A. Management believes that the terms under which these
transactions and services are provided are, in the aggregate, no less favorable
to the Company than those that could be obtained from unaffiliated third
parties.
Detailed
below is a description of, and amounts relating to, the Company’s transactions
with either CBNA or other Citigroup affiliates that have been reflected in the
Company’s Consolidated Statement of Income for the years ended December 31,
2007, 2006 and 2005. Other information about intercompany
transactions is available as follows: for CitiAssist Loans, see Note
2; for short and long-term funding and interest rate swap transactions, see
Notes 4, 5, and 12; for employee benefit related transactions, see Note 10; and
for income tax matters, see Notes 1, 6 and 11.
|
|
Years
Ended December 31
|
|
(Dollars in
thousands)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interest
income
|
|
$ |
1,525 |
|
|
$ |
411 |
|
|
$ |
51 |
|
Interest
expense
|
|
|
(1,175,159 |
) |
|
|
(1,212,928 |
) |
|
|
(807,668 |
) |
Fee
and other (loss)/income:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Derivative
valuation (loss)/gain
|
|
|
(32,961 |
) |
|
|
4,472 |
|
|
|
- |
|
Other
origination and servicing fees
|
|
|
7,271 |
|
|
|
7,458 |
|
|
|
6,725 |
|
Operating
Expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Salaries
and employee benefits
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Employee
benefits and administration
|
|
$ |
11,041 |
|
|
$ |
10,600 |
|
|
$ |
9,351 |
|
Stock-based
compensation
|
|
|
2,345 |
|
|
|
2,275 |
|
|
|
989 |
|
Other
expenses
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Servicing,
professional and other fees
|
|
|
50,890 |
|
|
|
46,489 |
|
|
|
40,889 |
|
Data
processing and communications
|
|
|
6,699 |
|
|
|
6,238 |
|
|
|
7,057 |
|
Premises
|
|
|
2,973 |
|
|
|
2,930 |
|
|
|
2,490 |
|
Other
|
|
|
2,651 |
|
|
|
2,316 |
|
|
|
2,502 |
|
CBNA
Omnibus Credit Agreement
The
Company had outstanding short and long-term unsecured borrowings with CBNA under
the Omnibus Credit Agreement of $13.4 billion and $8.1 billion, respectively, at
December 31, 2007 and $11.1 billion and $9.2 billion, respectively, at December
31, 2006. This agreement provides a maximum aggregate credit limit of $30
billion through December 31, 2009. Interest expense incurred under these
borrowings is reflected in the table above.
Interest
Rate Swap and Option Agreements
The
Company is a party to interest rate swaps and options with CBNA, an
investment-grade counterparty, to manage its interest rate risk
exposure. CBNA requires the Company to remit cash into a margin
account as collateral on these derivatives. The Company maintained
collateral of $87 million and $11 million on these derivatives at December 31,
2007 and 2006, respectively. For further information on the Company’s
interest rate derivative agreements, see Note 12.
Student
Loan Origination Agreement and Servicing Fees Earned
CitiAssist
Loans are originated by CBNA through an intercompany
agreement. Following full disbursement, the Company purchases all
CitiAssist Loans at CBNA’s carrying value at the time of purchase, plus a
contractual premium. Total CitiAssist Loans purchased by the Company
for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 was $2.0 billion and $1.7
billion, respectively. Total premiums paid by the Company related to the 2007
and 2006 CitiAssist Loan purchases was $13 million and $11 million,
respectively. At December 31, 2007, the Company was committed to purchase
CitiAssist Loans of $1.2 billion.
The
Company also earns loan origination and servicing revenue for work performed on
CitiAssist Loans held by CBNA prior to purchase by the Company.
Servicing,
Professional and Other Fees Paid
The
majority of the loan originations and servicing work on the Company’s FFEL
Program and CitiAssist Loan portfolios was performed under the provisions of
intercompany agreements with affiliates of the Company, including Citibank
(South Dakota), N.A. The increases in the charges are primarily due
to managed loan portfolio growth.
Stock-based
Compensation
The
Company participates in various Citigroup stock-based compensation programs
under which Citigroup stock or stock options are granted to certain of the
Company’s employees. The Company has no stock-based compensation programs in
which its own stock is granted. The Company pays Citigroup directly
for participation in certain of its stock-based compensation programs, but
receives a capital contribution for those awards related to participation in the
employee incentive stock option program.
CBNA
Tax-sharing Agreement
The
Company is included in the consolidated federal income tax return of Citigroup,
as well as certain combined or unitary state/local income or franchise tax
returns of Citigroup or its subsidiaries. As such, the Company pays
its income taxes through CBNA. These tax apportionment expenses are based on the
Company’s effective tax rates determined on a stand-alone basis and are
reflected in the Company’s tax provision.
Other
Intercompany Arrangements
Citigroup
and its subsidiaries engage in other transactions and servicing activities with
the Company, including cash management, data processing, telecommunications,
payroll processing and administration, employee benefits, facilities
procurement, and others.
The
Company’s employees are covered under various Citigroup benefit plans,
including: medical and life insurance plans that cover active, retired and
disabled employees; defined benefit pension; dental; defined contribution plan;
salary continuance for disabled employees and workers
compensation. Citigroup charges the Company a fee calculated as a
fixed percentage of total salaries, referred to as the fringe rate. The fringe
rate applied to salaries was 27% in both 2007 and 2006 and 26% for 2005. In
determining the fringe rate, Citigroup considers the historical benefit and
salary experience for all Citigroup employees, adjusted for expected changes in
experience reflected in actuarial assumptions.
Substantially
all of the Company’s employees participate in Citigroup’s benefit
plans. Any pension obligation pertaining to these plans is a
liability of Citigroup. The fringe rate includes approximately $1 million for
2007, 2006 and 2005, representing the Company’s pension expense allocation.
These amounts are included with other employee benefit costs in Employee benefits and
administration in the related party
transactions table in Note 9.
11. INCOME
TAXES
The
provision for income taxes consists of the following:
|
|
Years
Ended December 31
|
|
(Dollars in
thousands)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal
|
|
$ |
98,525 |
|
|
$ |
157,612 |
|
|
$ |
69,435 |
|
State
|
|
|
16,331 |
|
|
|
23,517 |
|
|
|
8,489 |
|
Total
current
|
|
|
114,856 |
|
|
|
181,129 |
|
|
|
77,924 |
|
Deferred
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal
|
|
|
(153 |
) |
|
|
(3,175 |
) |
|
|
96,928 |
|
State
|
|
|
(26 |
) |
|
|
(474 |
) |
|
|
11,851 |
|
Total
deferred
|
|
|
(179 |
) |
|
|
(3,649 |
) |
|
|
108,779 |
|
Total
income tax provision
|
|
$ |
114,677 |
|
|
$ |
177,480 |
|
|
$ |
186,703 |
|
The
effective tax rate was 38.6%, 38.2% and 37.7% for the years ended December 31,
2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.
The
following table presents the actual income tax provisions computed at the
federal statutory income tax rate of 35%:
|
|
Years
Ended December 31
|
|
(Dollars in
thousands)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income
taxes computed at federal statutory rate
|
|
$ |
104,079 |
|
|
$ |
162,502 |
|
|
$ |
173,482 |
|
State
tax provision, net of federal benefits
|
|
|
10,598 |
|
|
|
14,978 |
|
|
|
13,221 |
|
Total
income tax provision
|
|
$ |
114,677 |
|
|
$ |
177,480 |
|
|
$ |
186,703 |
|
Deferred
income taxes consist of the following:
|
|
December
31
|
|
(Dollars in
thousands)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred
Tax Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Valuation
adjustments of retained interests
|
|
$ |
26,312 |
|
|
$ |
19,938 |
|
Income
earned from securitization trusts
|
|
|
76,081 |
|
|
|
28,063 |
|
Allowance
for loan losses
|
|
|
16,247 |
|
|
|
5,462 |
|
Other
|
|
|
3,805 |
|
|
|
5,319 |
|
Total
deferred tax assets
|
|
$ |
122,445 |
|
|
$ |
58,782 |
|
Deferred
Tax Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred
loan origination costs
|
|
|
(201,401 |
) |
|
|
(186,204 |
) |
Internally
developed software costs
|
|
|
(10,536 |
) |
|
|
(13,967 |
) |
Gain on securitizations and other securitization related
income/(loss)
|
|
|
(193,625 |
) |
|
|
(140,953 |
) |
Other
|
|
|
(4,345 |
) |
|
|
(5,299 |
) |
Total
deferred tax liabilities
|
|
|
(409,907 |
) |
|
|
(346,423 |
) |
Net
deferred tax liabilities
|
|
$ |
(287,462 |
) |
|
$ |
(287,641 |
) |
At
December 31, 2007 and 2006, the Company had deferred tax liabilities, net of
deferred tax assets of $91 million and $93 million, respectively, for the tax
effect of the gains on the loans securitized and other securitization-related
income.
12. INTEREST
RATE DERIVATIVE AGREEMENTS
The
Company enters into interest rate derivative agreements to help manage its
exposure to interest rate movements. The counterparty to all of the
Company’s derivative agreements is CBNA, an investment grade company. None of
the derivatives held by the Company were designated as hedges and accordingly
they did not qualify for hedge accounting treatment under SFAS 133.
The
Company’s derivative positions are provided in the table below:
|
|
December
31
|
|
(Dollars in
thousands)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair
Value
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair
Value
|
|
|
|
Notional
|
|
|
Asset
|
|
|
Liability
|
|
|
Notional
|
|
|
Asset
|
|
|
Liability
|
|
Prime
/ LIBOR Swaps
|
|
$ |
– |
|
|
$ |
– |
|
|
$ |
– |
|
|
$ |
4,000,000 |
|
|
$ |
– |
|
|
$ |
761 |
|
Other
LIBOR Based Swaps
|
|
|
8,495,000 |
|
|
|
34,492 |
|
|
|
2,113 |
|
|
|
8,035,000 |
|
|
|
462 |
|
|
|
1,803 |
|
Interest
Rate Floor Options
|
|
|
8,743,266 |
|
|
|
1,372 |
|
|
|
89,193 |
|
|
|
6,200,000 |
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
9,500 |
|
The
Company’s other LIBOR based swaps are intended to economically hedge the
interest rate risk inherent in the Company’s residual interests. These swaps
mature between 2009 and 2017.
The
Company’s interest rate floor options are written derivative contracts that are
designed to function as economic hedges of the floor income component of the
residual interests. The options mature between 2011 and 2023.
13.
FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (SFAS 107)
The
estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments is presented in the
following table:
|
|
December
31
|
|
(Dollars in
thousands)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
|
Estimated
Fair Value
|
|
|
Carrying
Value
|
|
|
Estimated
Fair Value
|
|
Financial
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loans,
net
|
|
$ |
21,991,804 |
|
|
$ |
22,303,074 |
|
|
$ |
21,274,360 |
|
|
$ |
21,710,092 |
|
Cash
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
6,570 |
|
|
|
6,570 |
|
Accrued
interest receivable
|
|
|
755,905 |
|
|
|
755,905 |
|
|
|
567,921 |
|
|
|
567,921 |
|
Residual
interests in loans securitized
|
|
|
633,074 |
|
|
|
633,074 |
|
|
|
546,422 |
|
|
|
546,422 |
|
Derivative
asset
|
|
|
35,864 |
|
|
|
35,864 |
|
|
|
462 |
|
|
|
462 |
|
Servicing
assets
|
|
|
199,112 |
|
|
|
199,112 |
|
|
|
169,234 |
|
|
|
169,234 |
|
Financial
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Short-term
borrowings
|
|
$ |
13,373,000 |
|
|
$ |
13,373,000 |
|
|
$ |
11,136,800 |
|
|
$ |
11,136,800 |
|
Long-term
borrowings
|
|
|
8,100,000 |
|
|
|
8,042,400 |
|
|
|
9,200,000 |
|
|
|
9,188,928 |
|
Derivative
liability
|
|
|
91,306 |
|
|
|
91,306 |
|
|
|
12,064 |
|
|
|
12,064 |
|
Interest
payable
|
|
|
174,519 |
|
|
|
174,519 |
|
|
|
167,868 |
|
|
|
167,868 |
|
In
accordance with SFAS No. 107, Disclosures
about Fair Value of Financial Instruments, (SFAS 107), the
estimated fair values have been determined by the Company using available market
information and other valuation methodologies that are described below. The fair
value approximates the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to
transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants
at the measurement date. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve
uncertainties and matters of significant judgment. Accordingly, the estimates
may not be indicative of the amounts that the Company could realize in a current
market exchange. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the
estimates.
The
excess of fair value over carrying value may vary from period to period based on
changes in a wide range of factors, including LIBOR and commercial paper
interest rates, portfolio mix of variable and fixed rate loans, growth of the
portfolio, timing of contractual repricing, portfolio age, default rates and
maturity or contractual settlement dates.
Loans,
Net
The fair
value of loans was calculated by discounting cash flows through expected
maturity using the estimated current relevant yield curve for the interest
rates. The carrying value is presented net of the allowance for loan
losses.
Cash
and Accrued Interest Receivable and Payable
Due to
the short-term nature of these instruments, carrying value approximates fair
value.
Residual
Interests in Loans Securitized and Servicing Assets
The fair
value of the residual interest in the loans securitized and the servicing assets
were determined using a discounted cash flow model. Residual
interests are recorded at fair value on the Consolidated Financial
Statements. For more information on student loan securitizations, see
Note 14.
Short-Term
and Long-Term Borrowings
The fair
value of these instruments was calculated by discounting cash flows through
maturity using estimated market discount rates. Interest rates on all of the
Company’s short-term borrowings reset each one to three months. As a result, the
Company believes that the carrying value of these borrowings approximates fair
value.
Derivatives
Derivatives
are used to manage interest rate risk. Fair value was determined by discounting
the estimated cash flows that may arise from these instruments using current
market prices. Derivatives are recorded at fair value on the Consolidated
Financial Statements.
14. STUDENT
LOAN SECURITIZATIONS
The
Company maintains a program to securitize certain portfolios of student loan
assets. Under the Company’s securitization program, the loans are
removed from the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company and sold to an
independent trust. In order to pay for the loan assets, the trust sells debt
securities, backed by the student loan assets, to outside
investors.
A summary
of the Company’s securitization transactions is presented in the table
below:
(Dollars in thousands)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
Student loans securitized during the period
|
|
$ |
2,876,812 |
|
|
$ |
7,659,732 |
|
|
$ |
4,245,719 |
|
Proceeds from student loans securitized during the period
|
|
|
2,907,581 |
|
|
|
7,591,048 |
|
|
|
4,261,833 |
|
Realized gains on loans securitized
|
|
|
70,814 |
|
|
|
189,017 |
|
|
|
129,578 |
|
The
following table reflects amounts received from the securitization
trusts:
(Dollars
in thousands)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
Cash
received from trusts for servicing
|
|
$ |
64,868 |
|
|
$ |
32,242 |
|
Cash
received from trusts on residual interests
|
|
|
65,388 |
|
|
|
24,844 |
|
The
following table reflects receivables and payables related to the Company’s
securitization trusts:
(Dollars
in thousands)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
Receivable
from trusts for servicing
|
|
$ |
6,356 |
|
|
$ |
3,950 |
|
Payable
to trusts for student loan payments received
|
|
|
17,249 |
|
|
|
11,494 |
|
During
2007 and 2006, the Company earned $67 million and $34 million, respectively, of
servicing revenue for servicing the trust portfolios. Changes in the Company’s
servicing assets are presented below:
(Dollars
in thousands)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
Balance
at beginning of period
|
|
$ |
169,234 |
|
|
$ |
76,784 |
|
Cumulative
effect adjustment
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
2,435 |
|
Changes
in fair value due to changes in inputs and assumptions
|
|
|
16,329 |
|
|
|
1,709 |
|
Other
changes (1)
|
|
|
(31,997 |
) |
|
|
(14,996 |
) |
Student
loan securitizations
|
|
|
45,546 |
|
|
|
103,302 |
|
Balance
at end of period
|
|
$ |
199,112 |
|
|
$ |
169,234 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
Amounts represent the effects of payments and the passage of
time.
|
|
The
cumulative effect adjustment in 2006 in the table above was related to the
adoption of SFAS 156 and was recorded as an adjustment to beginning of the
period retained earnings. See Note 1 for further information.
The
Company routinely refines its estimates used to value its retained interests as
future events may deviate from forecasts. Such estimates, while based on
relevant observable data, inherently involve significant judgment and
uncertainty.
The key
assumptions used to value the residual interests in the assets securitized for
the 2007-1 and 2007-2 trusts at the inception date of the securitizations were
as follows:
|
|
|
2007-1 |
|
|
|
2007-2 |
|
Weighted
average discount rate
|
|
|
10.2 |
% |
|
|
10.5 |
% |
Constant
prepayment rates
|
|
|
3.84 |
% |
|
|
3.09 |
% |
Anticipated
credit losses, net of insurance and guarantees
|
|
|
0.34 |
% |
|
|
0.27 |
% |
Basis
spread between LIBOR and Commercial Paper rate
|
|
|
0.11 |
% |
|
|
0.12 |
% |
Utilization
rate of borrower benefits:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Automated
clearing house
|
|
|
10.0 |
% |
|
|
23.0 |
% |
On
time payments
|
|
|
0.0 |
% |
|
|
23.3 |
% |
The key
assumptions used to value the residual interests in the securitization trusts
were as follows as of December 31:
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
Weighted
average discount rate:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FFEL
Program Consolidation Loans
|
|
10.6 |
% |
|
10.0 |
% |
Private
education loans
|
|
12.6 |
% |
|
12.0 |
% |
Constant
prepayment rates:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FFEL
Program Consolidation Loans
|
|
1.73%
to 3.09
|
%
|
|
2.93%
to 6.13
|
% |
Private
education loans
|
|
13.03 |
% |
|
12.41 |
% |
Anticipated
credit losses, net of insurance and guarantees:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FFEL
Program Consolidation Loans
|
|
0.30 |
% |
|
0.11 |
% |
Private
education loans
|
|
0.81 |
% |
|
1.10 |
% |
Expected
basis spread between LIBOR and Commercial Paper rate
|
|
12.0
basis points
|
|
|
10.7
basis points
|
|
Utilization
rate of borrower benefits:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Automated
clearing house
|
|
10.0%
to 40.2
|
% |
|
17.5%
to 39.8
|
% |
On
time payments
|
|
0%
to 41.3
|
% |
|
14.5%
to 36.5
|
% |
The key
assumptions used to value the servicing assets of the securitization trusts were
as follows as of December 31:
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
Weighted
average discount rate:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FFEL
Program Consolidation Loans
|
|
5.8 |
% |
|
6.0 |
% |
Private
education loans
|
|
6.3 |
% |
|
6.5 |
% |
Constant
prepayment rates:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FFEL
Program Consolidation Loans
|
|
1.73%
to 3.09
|
% |
|
2.93%
to 6.13
|
% |
Private
education loans
|
|
13.03 |
% |
|
12.41 |
% |
Weighted
average servicing margin
|
|
25.0
basis points
|
|
|
25.0
basis points
|
|
A
sensitivity analysis is provided in the table below that shows the effects of
adverse changes in each of the key assumptions used to determine the fair value
of the retained interests. The adverse effect of the change in each
assumption must be calculated independently while holding all other assumptions
constant. Because the key assumptions may not be independent, the net
effect of simultaneous adverse changes in the key assumptions may be different
from the sum of the individual effects shown in the table.
The
effects of the key assumptions on the residual interests and servicing assets
are presented below:
(Dollars
in thousands)
|
|
Residual
Interests
|
|
|
Servicing
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair
value at December 31, 2007
|
|
$ |
633,074 |
|
|
$ |
199,112 |
|
Discount
rate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10%
adverse change
|
|
|
(22,833 |
) |
|
|
(4,603 |
) |
20%
adverse change
|
|
|
(43,882 |
) |
|
|
(9,073 |
) |
Constant
prepayment rate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10%
adverse change
|
|
|
(10,170 |
) |
|
|
(3,049 |
) |
20%
adverse change
|
|
|
(19,920 |
) |
|
|
(6,075 |
) |
Anticipated
net credit losses/defaults
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10%
adverse change
|
|
|
(6,518 |
) |
|
|
(1,214 |
) |
20%
adverse change
|
|
|
(12,972 |
) |
|
|
(2,399 |
) |
Servicing
margin
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10%
adverse change
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
(19,361 |
) |
20%
adverse change
|
|
|
– |
|
|
|
(38,567 |
) |
Basis
spread
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10%
adverse change
|
|
|
(7,205 |
) |
|
|
– |
|
20%
adverse change
|
|
|
(14,357 |
) |
|
|
– |
|
Borrower
benefits – ACH
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10%
adverse change
|
|
|
(3,359 |
) |
|
|
– |
|
20%
adverse change
|
|
|
(6,772 |
) |
|
|
– |
|
Borrower
benefits – on time payments
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10%
adverse change
|
|
|
(10,694 |
) |
|
|
– |
|
20%
adverse change
|
|
|
(21,357 |
) |
|
|
– |
|
The
Company continues to service the loans transferred to the trusts after
securitization. As a result, the Company considers the securitized loans to be
part of the Company’s managed loan portfolio.
Principal
amounts of loans managed, on-balance sheet loans and the related loan
delinquencies (loans which are 90 days or more past due) are presented in the
following table:
|
|
December
31
|
|
(Dollars
in thousands)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
Principal
amounts, at period end
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
On-balance
sheet loans
|
|
$ |
22,033,919 |
|
|
$ |
21,288,557 |
|
Securitized
amounts
|
|
|
14,476,309 |
|
|
|
12,375,339 |
|
Total
managed
|
|
$ |
36,510,228 |
|
|
$ |
33,663,896 |
|
Delinquencies,
at period end
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
On-balance
sheet loans (1)
|
|
$ |
720,408 |
|
|
$ |
775,345 |
|
Securitized
amounts
|
|
|
413,175 |
|
|
|
217,090 |
|
Total
managed
(1)
|
|
$ |
1,133,583 |
|
|
$ |
992,435 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
Amounts include loans held for sale.
|
|
Credit
losses, net of recoveries, for the Company’s managed loan portfolios are
presented in the table below:
|
|
Years
Ended December 31
|
|
(Dollars
in thousands)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
Credit
losses, net of recoveries:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
On-balance
sheet loans
|
|
$ |
30,348 |
|
|
$ |
16,963 |
|
|
$ |
13,213 |
|
Securitized
amounts
|
|
|
6,661 |
|
|
|
211 |
|
|
|
– |
|
Total
managed
|
|
$ |
37,009 |
|
|
$ |
17,174 |
|
|
$ |
13,213 |
|
15. FAIR
VALUE (SFAS 156, 157 and 159)
The
Company determines fair value using valuation techniques which are based upon
observable and unobservable inputs. Observable inputs reflect market data
obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect the
Company’s market assumptions. These two types of inputs are evaluated using the
following fair value hierarchy:
·
|
Level
1 –
|
Quoted
prices for identical instruments
in active markets.
|
·
|
Level
2 –
|
Quoted
prices for similar instruments in
active market, quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in
markets that are not active; and model derived valuations whose inputs are
observable or whose primary value drivers are
observable.
|
·
|
Level
3 –
|
Instruments
whose primary value drivers are unobservable.
|
The
following table presents the Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are
measured at fair value on a recurring basis for each of these hierarchy
levels:
|
|
December
31, 2007
|
|
(Dollars
in Thousands)
|
|
Level
2
|
|
|
Level
3
|
|
Assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Residual
interests in securitized loans
|
|
$ |
– |
|
|
$ |
633,074 |
|
Other
assets
|
|
|
60,068 |
|
|
|
199,112 |
|
Total
Assets
|
|
$ |
60,068 |
|
|
$ |
832,186 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
liabilities
|
|
$ |
91,306 |
|
|
$ |
– |
|
Derivatives
Derivatives
are used to manage interest rate risk. Fair value was based upon market quotes
received from CBNA. Derivatives are recorded at fair value and are included in
Other assets and Other liabilities in the table
above and on the Consolidated Financial Statements. For more information on
derivatives, see Note 12.
Retained
Interests in Securitized Loans
The fair
value of the retained interests in securitized loans, including residual
interests and servicing assets, were determined using discounted cash flow
models. Servicing assets are included in Other assets in the table
above. Retained interests are recorded at fair value on the Consolidated
Financial Statements. For more information on loan securitizations,
see Note 14.
The
following table presents the changes in the Level 3 fair value category for the
year ended December 31, 2007:
(Dollars
in Thousands)
|
|
Residual
Interests in Securitized Loans
|
|
|
Other
Assets
|
|
Balance
at December 31, 2006
|
|
$ |
546,422 |
|
|
$ |
169,234 |
|
Net
unrealized gains(1)
|
|
|
61,910 |
|
|
|
27,036 |
|
Issuances
and settlements
|
|
|
24,742 |
|
|
|
2,842 |
|
Balance
at December 31, 2007
|
|
$ |
633,074 |
|
|
$ |
199,112 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1)
Amount includes, as applicable,
accreted interest which is included in Interest
income and other unrealized gains which are included in Fee
and other income in the consolidated statement of
income.
|
|
16. COMMITMENTS
AND CONTINGENCIES
The
Company has obligations under several non-cancelable operating leases. Expenses
related to those agreements totaled $3 million for 2007 and 2006 and $2 million
for 2005. Included in these amounts are lease expenses with CBNA for
the Pittsford, New York facility of $2 million for 2007 and 2006 and $1 million
for 2005. This amount is included in Premises,
in the related party transactions table in Note 9. The Pittsford, New
York facilities agreement expires in May 2014.
Future
minimum lease payments at December 31, 2007 under agreements classified as
operating leases with non-cancelable terms in excess of one year for the
calendar years after December 31, 2007 are as follows:
(Dollars in
thousands)
|
|
Minimum
Lease Payments
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
$ |
2,993 |
|
2009
|
|
|
2,998 |
|
2010
|
|
|
2,885 |
|
2011
|
|
|
2,854 |
|
2012
|
|
|
2,901 |
|
Thereafter
|
|
|
4,270 |
|
Total
|
|
$ |
18,901 |
|
At
December 31, 2007, FFEL Program loans in the amounts of $1.9 billion had
committed, but not disbursed. In addition, the Company has forward
purchase agreements, primarily with CBNA, that obligate the Company to purchase
all loans offered for sale and/or originated by the other party. At December 31,
2007, the aggregate obligation under these commitments totaled $1.3
billion.
In
addition, the Company provides lines of credit to certain institutions. Such
lines are used by these organizations exclusively to disburse FFEL Program Loans
which the Company will subsequently purchase. At December 31, 2007, these
institutions had unused lines of credit of $184 million available to them. In
addition, the Company had commitments of $331 million to sell certain portfolios
of loans to third parties in the future. These amounts are recorded
in loans held for sale.
In the
ordinary course of business, the Company is involved in various litigation
proceedings incidental to and typical of the business in which it is
engaged. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the ultimate
resolution of these proceedings would not be likely to have a material adverse
effect on the results of the Company’s operations, financial condition or
liquidity.
Since
March 2007, the Company has been responding to and cooperating with a number of
inquiries into the student loan industry. Several U.S. Congressional committees
and the U.S. Department of Education commenced investigations of the student
loan industry. The Company has responded to requests for certain information and
documents in connection with these investigations. Additionally, the offices of
various states’ attorneys general and certain federal authorities have also
conducted investigations and/or have served formal or informal requests for
information upon the Company.
17. SELECTED
QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED)
(Dollars
in thousands, except per share amounts)
|
|
Fourth
|
|
|
Third
|
|
|
Second
|
|
|
First
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
interest income
|
|
$ |
91,683 |
|
|
$ |
100,330 |
|
|
$ |
102,877 |
|
|
$ |
93,757 |
|
Provision
for loan losses
|
|
|
(24,078 |
) |
|
|
(21,419 |
) |
|
|
(3,895 |
) |
|
|
(10,528 |
) |
Net
interest income after provision for loan losses
|
|
|
67,605 |
|
|
|
78,911 |
|
|
|
98,982 |
|
|
|
83,229 |
|
Gains
on loans sold and securitized
|
|
|
27,229 |
|
|
|
15,815 |
|
|
|
51,040 |
|
|
|
17,774 |
|
Fee
and other (loss)/income
|
|
|
22,070 |
|
|
|
(10,052 |
) |
|
|
9,420 |
|
|
|
14,863 |
|
Total
operating expenses
|
|
|
(45,591 |
) |
|
|
(43,978 |
) |
|
|
(45,751 |
) |
|
|
(44,198 |
) |
Income
taxes
|
|
|
(28,163 |
) |
|
|
(15,695 |
) |
|
|
(43,174 |
) |
|
|
(27,645 |
) |
Net
income
|
|
$ |
43,150 |
|
|
$ |
25,001 |
|
|
$ |
70,517 |
|
|
$ |
44,023 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
and diluted earnings per common share
|
|
$ |
2.16 |
|
|
$ |
1.25 |
|
|
$ |
3.53 |
|
|
$ |
2.20 |
|
Dividends
declared per common share
|
|
$ |
1.43 |
|
|
$ |
1.43 |
|
|
$ |
1.43 |
|
|
$ |
1.30 |
|
Common
stock price:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
High
|
|
$ |
193.96 |
|
|
$ |
212.46 |
|
|
$ |
210.50 |
|
|
$ |
216.06 |
|
Low
|
|
$ |
106.75 |
|
|
$ |
161.38 |
|
|
$ |
178.03 |
|
|
$ |
183.00 |
|
Close
(at quarter end)
|
|
$ |
110.00 |
|
|
$ |
180.32 |
|
|
$ |
203.90 |
|
|
$ |
185.92 |
|
(Dollars
in thousands, except per share amounts)
|
|
Fourth
|
|
|
Third
|
|
|
Second
|
|
|
First
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net
interest income
|
|
$ |
90,840 |
|
|
$ |
98,404 |
|
|
$ |
115,188 |
|
|
$ |
107,099 |
|
Provision
for loan losses
|
|
|
(7,664 |
) |
|
|
(7,065 |
) |
|
|
(5,302 |
) |
|
|
(6,140 |
) |
Net
interest income after provision for loan losses
|
|
|
83,176 |
|
|
|
91,339 |
|
|
|
109,886 |
|
|
|
100,959 |
|
Gains
on loans sold and securitized
|
|
|
45,491 |
|
|
|
81,067 |
|
|
|
82,521 |
|
|
|
6,751 |
|
Fee
and other income
|
|
|
11,898 |
|
|
|
(2,433 |
) |
|
|
14,247 |
|
|
|
5,149 |
|
Total
operating expenses
|
|
|
(43,820 |
) |
|
|
(43,992 |
) |
|
|
(40,385 |
) |
|
|
(37,561 |
) |
Income
taxes
|
|
|
(35,709 |
) |
|
|
(48,170 |
) |
|
|
(64,459 |
) |
|
|
(29,143 |
) |
Net
income
|
|
$ |
61,036 |
|
|
$ |
77,811 |
|
|
$ |
101,810 |
|
|
$ |
46,155 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic
and diluted earnings per common share
|
|
$ |
3.05 |
|
|
$ |
3.89 |
|
|
$ |
5.09 |
|
|
$ |
2.31 |
|
Dividends
declared per common share
|
|
$ |
1.30 |
|
|
$ |
1.30 |
|
|
$ |
1.30 |
|
|
$ |
1.08 |
|
Common
stock price:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
High
|
|
$ |
210.24 |
|
|
$ |
202.00 |
|
|
$ |
241.00 |
|
|
$ |
233.00 |
|
Low
|
|
$ |
183.50 |
|
|
$ |
160.65 |
|
|
$ |
167.00 |
|
|
$ |
209.23 |
|
Close
(at quarter end)
|
|
$ |
207.30 |
|
|
$ |
192.18 |
|
|
$ |
202.00 |
|
|
$ |
233.00 |
|
SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION INFORMATION
Form
10-K, Annual Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange
Act of 1934 for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, Commission File Number
1-11616.
The
Company is incorporated in the State of Delaware; its I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number is 16-1427135; the address of the principal executive
offices is 750 Washington Boulevard, Stamford, CT 06901; and its phone number is
(203) 975-6861.
The
Company’s common stock is registered pursuant to section 12(b) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 and listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker
symbol “STU”.
The
Company is a well-known seasoned issuer (as defined in Rule 405 of the
Securities Act of 1933).
The
Company is required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
The
Student Loan Corporation (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by
Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding
12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file
such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past
90 days.
Disclosure
of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained
herein and will not be contained in the Company’s 2007 Proxy Statement
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K, or in any amendment to
this Form 10-K.
The
Company is a large accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934).
The
Company is not a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934).
The
aggregate market value of the four million shares of voting stock held by
non-affiliates of the Company as of the close of trading on June 29, 2007 was
approximately $816 million. As of February 22, 2008, there were 20
million shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding.
Certain
information has been incorporated by reference, as described herein, into Part
III of this annual report from the Company’s 2008 Proxy Statement.
EXHIBITS
AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
The
following exhibits are either filed herewith or have been previously filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission and are filed herewith by incorporation
by reference:
·
|
The
Student Loan Corporation’s Restated Certificate of
Incorporation
|
·
|
The
Student Loan Corporation’s By-Laws, as amended
|
·
|
Material
Contracts
|
·
|
Code
of Ethics for Financial Professionals
|
·
|
Powers
of Attorney of The Student Loan Corporation’s Directors Anavi, Bailey, Beckmann, Doynow,
Drake, Garside, Glover, Handler, Levinson, and
Moseman.
|
·
|
Certifications
pursuant to Section 302 and Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002
|
A more
detailed exhibit index has been filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission. Stockholders may obtain copies of that index or any of
the documents on that index by writing to: The Student Loan Corporation,
Investor Relations, 750 Washington Boulevard, 9th Floor,
Stamford, CT 06901 or on the Internet at www.studentloan.com.
Financial
Statements filed for The Student Loan Corporation:
·
|
Consolidated
Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and
2005
|
·
|
Consolidated
Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2007 and 2006
|
·
|
Consolidated
Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2007,
2006 and 2005
|
·
|
Consolidated
Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and
2005
|
10-K
CROSS REFERENCE INDEX
This
Annual Report and Form 10-K incorporate into a single document the requirements
of the accounting profession and the Securities and Exchange Commission,
including a comprehensive explanation of 2007 results.
Part
I
|
|
|
Page
|
|
|
|
|
Item
1
|
|
Business
|
2,
21-26
|
Item
1A
|
|
Risk
Factors
|
27-31
|
Item
1B
|
|
Unresolved
Staff Comments
|
None
|
Item
2
|
|
Properties
|
25
|
Item
3
|
|
Legal
Proceedings
|
25
|
Item
4
|
|
Submission
of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
Part
II
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Item
5
|
|
Market
for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer
Purchases of Equity Securities
|
26,
64-65, 71
|
Item
6
|
|
Selected
Financial Data
|
1
|
Item
7
|
|
Management’s
Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations
|
2-26
|
Item
7A
|
|
Quantitative
and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
|
18-20
|
Item
8
|
|
Consolidated
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
|
39-65
|
Item
9
|
|
Changes
in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial
Disclosure
|
None
|
Item
9A
|
|
Controls
and Procedures
|
35
|
Item
9 B
|
|
Other
Information
|
None
|
|
|
|
|
Part
III
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Item
10
|
|
Directors
and Executive Officers of the Registrant
|
*
|
Item
11
|
|
Executive
Compensation
|
*
|
Item
12
|
|
Security
Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related
Stockholder Matters
|
*
|
Item
13
|
|
Certain
Relationships and Related Transactions
|
*
|
Item
14
|
|
Principal
Accountant Fees and Services
|
*
|
|
|
|
|
Part
IV
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Item
15
|
|
Exhibits,
Financial Statement Schedules
|
67
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Availability
of SEC Filings
|
71
|
|
|
|
|
*
|
|
The Student Loan
Corporations 2007 Proxy Statement that responds to information required by
Part III of Form 10-K is incorporated by reference into this Annual Report
and Form 10-K. |
SIGNATURES
Pursuant
to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act
of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its
behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
|
|
|
The
Student Loan Corporation
|
|
(Registrant)
|
|
|
|
/s/ Daniel P. McHugh
|
|
Daniel
P. McHugh
|
|
Chief
Financial Officer
|
|
February
26, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pursuant
to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report
has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant
and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
|
|
|
The
Student Loan Corporation’s Principal Executive Officer, a Director and
Attorney-in-Fact:
|
|
|
/s/ Michael J. Reardon
|
|
Michael
J. Reardon
|
|
February
26, 2008
|
|
|
|
The
Student Loan Corporation’s Principal Financial Officer:
|
|
|
/s/ Daniel P. McHugh
|
|
Daniel
P. McHugh
|
|
February
26, 2008
|
|
|
|
The
Student Loan Corporation’s Principal Accounting
Officer:
|
|
|
/s/ Joseph P. Guage
|
|
Joseph
P. Guage
|
|
February
26, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
The
Directors of The Student Loan Corporation listed below executed powers of
attorney appointing Michael J. Reardon and Daniel P. McHugh their
attorneys-in-fact, empowering him to sign this report on their
behalf:
|
|
|
Yasmine
D. Anavi
|
Rodman
L. Drake
|
Dr.
Evelyn E. Handler
|
James
L. Bailey
|
Richard
J. Garside
|
Carl
E. Levinson
|
Bill
Beckmann
|
Dr.
Glenda B. Glover
|
Loretta
Moseman
|
Gina
Doynow
|
|
|
|
|
DIRECTORS
AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS
Directors
|
Executive
Officers
|
Yasmine
D. Anavi
Chief
Risk Officer
Global
Consumer Group
|
Michael
J. Reardon
Chief
Executive Officer and President
|
|
|
James
L. Bailey
Retired
Executive
Vice President
Citibank,
N.A.
|
Daniel
P. McHugh
Vice
President and Chief Financial Officer*
|
|
|
Bill
Beckmann
President
CitiMortgage,
Inc.
|
Joseph
P. Guage
Vice
President,Controller and Chief Accounting Officer
|
|
|
Gina
Doynow
National
Director
North America Community Relations
Citibank,
N.A.
|
Christine
Y. Homer
Vice
President, Secretary and General Counsel
|
|
|
Rodman
L. Drake
Managing
Partner
CIP
Management
|
Patricia
A. Morris
Vice
President and Chief Risk Officer
|
|
|
Richard
J. Garside
Chief
Operating Officer and Executive Vice President
Global
Consumer Group
|
Kurt
R. Schneiber
Vice
President and Executive Director of Sales
|
|
|
Dr.
Glenda B. Glover
Dean
of the College of Business
Jackson
State University
|
Scot
Parnell
Vice
President and Chief Financial Officer*
|
|
|
Dr.
Evelyn E. Handler
Retired
President
of the University of New Hampshire
President
of Brandeis University
|
|
|
|
Carl
E. Levinson
Head
of Productivity and Reengineering
Citigroup
|
|
|
|
Loretta
Moseman
Global
Treasurer
Global
Consumer Group
|
|
|
|
Michael
J. Reardon
Chairman,
Chief
Executive Officer and President
The
Student Loan Corporation
|
|
|
|
*
Mr. Parnell will succeed Mr. McHugh as the Company’s Chief Financial
Officer on February 29, 2008.
|
STOCKHOLDER
INFORMATION
Investor
Relations
Electronic
or paper copies of the Company’s Form 10-K, other financial information, and
general information about The Student Loan Corporation may be obtained by
writing to Investor Relations, The Student Loan Corporation, 750 Washington
Boulevard, Stamford, CT 06901, or by telephone request to Bradley D. Svalberg,
Director of Investor Relations, at 203-975-6320. Investor relations
information is also available on the Company’s website at http://www.studentloan.com by
clicking on the “Investors” page.
Availability
of SEC Filings
The
Company makes available free of charge on and through its website, at http://www.studentloan.com,
its annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports
on Form 8-K, and all amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably
practicable after such material is electronically filed with or furnished to the
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). In addition, the Company
provides electronic or paper copies of its filings free of charge upon request
to the Director of Investor Relations. See Investor Relations above. The
SEC posts reports, proxy statements and other information filed by the Company
at http://www.sec.gov.
Corporate
Governance Materials
The
following materials, which have been adopted by the Company, are available free
of charge on the Company’s website at http://www.studentloan.com
under the “Board and Management” page or by writing to the
Director of Investor Relations (see Investor Relations above): the
Company’s (i) corporate governance guidelines, (ii) code of conduct, (iii) code
of ethics for financial professionals, and (iv) charters of (a) the audit
committee and (b) the compensation committee. The code of ethics for
financial professionals applies to the Company’s principal executive officer,
principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. Amendments and
waivers, if any, to the code of ethics for financial professionals will be
disclosed on the Company’s website.
NYSE
Certification
Because
the Company’s common stock is listed on the NYSE, the Company’s chief executive
officer is required to make, and he has made, annual certifications to the NYSE
stating that he was not aware of any violation by the Company of the corporate
governance listing standards of the NYSE. The Company’s chief executive officer
made his annual certifications to that effect to the NYSE as of May 24,
2007.
Customer
Service
For
information or inquiries regarding student loan accounts, please call
1-800-967-2400. Hearing impaired customers with a Telecommunications
Device for the Deaf (TDD) may call 1-800-846-1298.
Annual
Meeting
The
Annual Meeting of Stockholders will be held at 8:30 a.m. on Thursday, May 15,
2008 in New York City.
Transfer
Agent and Registrar
The
Company’s transfer agent and registrar is Citibank Stockholder Services, P.O.
Box 43077, Providence, RI 02940-3077. Their toll free number is (877) 248-4237
and their fax line is (201)324-3284. They may also be contacted by e-mail at
Citibank@shareholders-online.com.
Market
for the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters
The
Company’s common stock is listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange under
the ticker symbol “STU”. The number of holders of record of the
common stock at January 31, 2008 was 38. See quarterly information on
the Company’s common stock on page 64-65.
EXHIBIT
INDEX
Exhibit
Number
|
Description of Exhibit
|
|
|
3.1
|
Restated
Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s 1992 Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No.
1-11616).
|
|
|
3.2
|
By-Laws
of the Company, as amended, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to
the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended
June 30, 2007 (File No. 1-11616).
|
|
|
10.1
|
Trust
Agreement, dated as of December 21, 1992, between the Company and CNYS,
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Company’s 1992 Annual
Report on Form 10-K (File No. 1-11616).
|
|
|
10.2.1
|
Non-Competition
Agreement, dated as of December 22, 1992, among the Company, CNYS and
Citicorp, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Company’s 1992
Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 1-11616).
|
|
|
10.2.2
|
Amendment
No. 1, dated as of June 22, 2000, to Non-Competition Agreement among the
Company, CNYS and Citigroup Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.2.2 to the Company’s 2001 Annual Report on Form 10-K (File
No. 1-11616).
|
|
|
10.2.3
|
Amendment
No. 2, dated as of June 22, 2001, to Non-Competition Agreement among the
Company, CNYS and Citigroup Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.2.3 to the Company’s 2001 Annual Report on Form 10-K (File
No. 1-11616).
|
|
|
10.2.4
|
Amendment
No. 3, dated as of May 5, 2002, to Non-Competition Agreement among the
Company, CNYS and Citigroup Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.2.4 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal
quarter ended June 30, 2004 (File No.
1-11616).
|
|
|
10.2.5
|
Amendment
No. 4, dated as of June 22, 2003, to Non-Competition Agreement among the
Company, CNYS and Citigroup Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.2.5 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal
quarter ended June 30, 2004 (File No.
1-11616).
|
|
|
10.2.6
|
Amendment
No. 5, dated as of June 22, 2004, to Non-Competition Agreement among the
Company, CBNA and Citigroup Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.2.6 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal
quarter ended June 30, 2004 (File No.
1-11616).
|
|
|
10.2.7
|
Amendment
No. 6, dated as of June 22, 2005, to Non-Competition Agreement among the
Company, CBNA and Citigroup Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.2.7 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal
quarter ended June 30, 2005 (File No. 1-11616).
|
|
|
10.2.8
|
Amendment
No. 7, dated as of June 22, 2006, to Non-Competition Agreement among the
Company, CBNA and Citigroup Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.2.8 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal
quarter ended June 30, 2006 (File No. 1-11616).
|
|
|
10.2.9
|
Amendment
No. 8, dated as of June 19, 2007, to Non-Competition Agreement among the
Company, CBNA and Citigroup Inc., incorporated by reference to Exhibit
10.2.9 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 25, 2007 (File No.
1-11616).
|
10.3
|
Tax
Agreement, dated as of December 22, 1992, between the Company and CNYS,
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Company’s 1992 Annual
Report on Form 10-K (File No. 1-11616).
|
|
|
10.4
|
Omnibus
Credit Agreement, dated November 30, 2000, between the Company and CNYS,
incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Company’s 2000 Annual
Report on Form 10-K(File No. 1-11616).
|
|
|
10.4.1
|
Amendment
No. 1, dated as of October 15, 2002, to Omnibus Credit Agreement between
the Company and CNYS, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4.1 to the
Company’s 2002 Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No.
1-11616).
|
|
|
10.4.2
|
Amendment
No. 2, dated as of March 5, 2004, to Omnibus Credit Agreement between the
Company and CBNA (as successor to CNYS), incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.4.2 to the Company’s 2003 Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No.
1-11616).
|
|
|
10.4.3
|
Amendment
No. 3, dated as of January 20, 2005, to Omnibus Credit Agreement between
the Company and CBNA (as successor to CNYS), incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.4.3 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 20, 2005
(File No. 1-11616).
|
|
|
10.5
|
Facilities
Occupancy, Management and Support Service Agreement, by and between the
Company and Citicorp North America, Inc., dated as of November 1,
2006.
|
|
|
10.6
|
Amended
and Restated Agreement for Education Loan Servicing among the Company,
Citibank USA, N.A. and Citibank, N.A., incorporated by reference to
Exhibit 10.7 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal
quarter ended September 30, 2004 (File No.
1-11616).
|
|
|
14.1
|
Code
of Ethics, incorporated by reference to Exhibit 14.1 to the Company’s 2002
Annual Report on Form 10-K (File No. 1-11616).
|
|
|
24.1*
|
Powers
of Attorney of The Student Loan Corporation’s Directors Anavi, Bailey,
Beckmann, Doynow, Drake, Garside, Glover, Handler, Levinson, and
Moseman.
|
|
|
31.1*
|
Certification
of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
|
|
|
31.2*
|
Certification
of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
|
|
|
32.1*
|
Certification
of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18
U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
|
|
|
*
|
Filed
herewith
|