Form 10-K
Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended June 26, 2011

or

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from              to             

Commission file number 0-21154

 

 

CREE, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

North Carolina   56-1572719

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

4600 Silicon Drive

Durham, North Carolina

  27703
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)

(919) 407-5300

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class

 

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.00125 par value   The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

 

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

Large accelerated filer   x    Accelerated filer   ¨
Non-accelerated filer   ¨  (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)    Smaller reporting company   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x

The aggregate market value of common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of December 23, 2010, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, was $7,365,889,590 (based on the closing sale price of $67.96 per share).

The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock, $0.00125 par value per share, outstanding as of August 10, 2011 was 109,628,373.

 

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement to be delivered to shareholders in connection with the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held October 25, 2011 are incorporated by reference into Part III.

 

 

 


Table of Contents

CREE, INC.

FORM 10-K

For the Fiscal Year Ended June 26, 2011

INDEX

          Page  

Part I

     

Item 1.

  

Business

     3   

Item 1A.

  

Risk Factors

     9   

Item 1B.

  

Unresolved Staff Comments

     20   

Item 2.

  

Properties

     20   

Item 3.

  

Legal Proceedings

     21   

Item 4.

  

(Removed and Reserved)

     21   

Part II

     

Item 5.

  

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

     22   

Item 6.

  

Selected Financial Data

     22   

Item 7.

  

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

     23   

Item 7A.

  

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

     39   

Item 8.

  

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

     40   

Item 9.

  

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

     75   

Item 9A.

  

Controls and Procedures

     75   

Item 9B.

  

Other Information

     78   

Part III

     

Item 10.

  

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

     78   

Item 11.

  

Executive Compensation

     78   

Item 12.

  

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

     78   

Item 13.

  

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

     78   

Item 14.

  

Principal Accounting Fees and Services

     78   

PART IV

     

Item 15.

  

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

     79   

SIGNATURES

     82   

 

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Forward-Looking Information

Information set forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K contains various “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (Securities Act), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act). All information contained in this report relative to future markets for our products and trends in and anticipated levels of revenue, gross margins and expenses, as well as other statements containing words such as “believe,” “project,” “may,” “will,” “anticipate,” “target,” “plan,” “estimate,” “expect” and “intend” and other similar expressions constitute forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to business, economic and other risks and uncertainties, both known and unknown, and actual results may differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statements we make are as of the date made and we have no duty to update them if our views later change. These forward- looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any date subsequent to the date of this Annual Report. Examples of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from historical performance and any forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those described in “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this Annual Report.

PART I

Item 1. Business

Overview

Cree, Inc. (Cree, we, our, or us) is a leading innovator of lighting-class light emitting diodes (LEDs), LED lighting and semiconductor solutions for wireless and power applications. Our products are driving improvements in applications such as general illumination, video displays, automotive, electronic signs and signals, variable-speed motors and wireless systems.

We develop and manufacture semiconductor materials and devices primarily based on silicon carbide (SiC), gallium nitride (GaN) and related compounds. The physical and electronic properties of SiC and GaN offer technical advantages over traditional silicon, gallium arsenide (GaAs), sapphire and other materials used for certain electronic applications.

Our LED products consist of LED components, LED chips, LED lighting products and SiC wafers. As we develop and improve our LED technology, and the market continues to focus on energy efficiency, we believe the potential market for LED lighting will continue to expand. Our success in selling LED products depends upon our ability to drive adoption and offer innovative products and solutions that enable our customers to succeed in the market. By driving adoption we believe we can influence the direction of the market and open more opportunities for LEDs.

In addition, we develop, manufacture and sell power and radio frequency (RF) products, such as power rectifiers and RF devices. Power rectifiers are made from SiC and provide faster switching speeds than comparable silicon-based power devices. RF devices are made from SiC or GaN and produce higher power densities as compared to silicon or gallium arsenide.

The majority of our products are manufactured at our production facilities located in North Carolina and China. We also use contract manufacturers for certain aspects of product fabrication and packaging. We operate research and development facilities in North Carolina, California, and China.

Cree, Inc. is a North Carolina corporation established in 1987. We currently operate our business as one reportable segment. For further information about our revenues and earnings, please see our Consolidated Balance Sheets and Consolidated Statements of Income in Item 8 of this Annual Report.

Products

We produce LED products, and power and RF products.

 

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LED Products

LED product revenue represented 90%, 91% and 92% of revenue for the fiscal years ended June 26, 2011, June 27, 2010 and June 28, 2009, respectively.

LED Chips

Our LED chip products include blue and green LED chips based on GaN and related materials. LED chips or die are solid state electronic components used in a number of applications and are currently available in a variety of brightness levels, wavelengths (color) and sizes. We use our LED chips in the manufacturing of our LED components. Some of our customers use our blue and green LED chips in a variety of applications including video screens, gaming displays such as pachinko, function indicator lights and automotive backlighting. Other customers combine our blue LED chips with phosphors to create white LEDs, which are used in various applications for indoor and outdoor illumination and backlighting, full-color display screens, liquid crystal display (LCD) backlighting, white keypads and the camera flash function.

LED Components

Our LED components include a range of packaged LED products from our XLamp® LED components and LED modules for lighting applications to our high-brightness LED components.

Our XLamp LED components are lighting class packaged LED products designed to meet a broad range of market needs for lighting applications including general illumination (both indoor and outdoor applications), portable, architectural, signal and transportation lighting. We also use our XLamp LED components in our LED lighting products.

Our high brightness LED components consist of surface mount (SMD) and through-hole packaged LED products. Our SMD LED component products are available in a full range of colors designed to meet a broad range of market needs, including video, signage, general illumination, automotive, gaming and specialty lighting. Our through-hole packaged LED component products are available in a full range of colors primarily designed for the signage market and provide users with a color and brightness consistency across a wide viewing area.

LED Lighting

Our LED lighting products include LED downlights, LED troffers, and LED lamps or bulbs. These lighting products are targeted for new construction, retrofit and renovation projects in commercial, governmental and residential applications.

SiC Wafers

Our SiC wafers are targeted for customers who use the wafers to manufacture products for optoelectronics, microwave, power switching and other applications. Corporate, government and university customers also buy SiC materials for research and development directed at optoelectronics, microwave, and high power devices. We sell our wafers as a bare wafer or with epitaxial films of SiC or GaN materials.

Power and RF Products

Revenue from our power and RF products represented 10%, 9%, and 8% of our revenues for the fiscal years ended June 26, 2011, June 27, 2010 and June 28, 2009, respectively.

Power Devices

Our SiC-based power products include 600, 1,200 and 1,700-volt Schottky diodes as well as 1200-volt SiC metal semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) switches. Our customers purchase our power products for use in power

 

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factor correction circuits for power supplies in computer servers and other applications such as solar inverters. We are developing additional SiC-based power devices that could have a number of potential uses in applications for power conditioning, solar inverters, power supplies and motor controls.

RF Devices

Our RF products include a variety of GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) and monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs), which are optimized for either military or commercial applications. We also offer 10 watt and 60 watt SiC transistors, or metal semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET) products for military and instrumentation applications. We also provide foundry services for wide bandgap MMICs. The MMIC foundry service allows a customer to design its own custom RF circuit to be fabricated in our MMIC foundry, or have us provide custom MMIC design for the customer and fabricate the chips.

Financial Information about Geographic Areas of Customers and Assets

We derive our revenue primarily from product sales to international customers. For information concerning geographical areas of our customers and geographic information concerning our long-lived assets, please see Note 17, “Geographic Information,” in our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report. International operations expose us to risks that are different from operating in the United States, including foreign currency translation and transaction risk, risk of changes in tax laws, application of import/export laws and regulations and other risks described further in Item 1A “Risk Factors” of this Annual Report.

Government Contract Funding

We derive a small portion of our revenue from funding that we receive pursuant to research contracts or subcontracts funded by various agencies of the U.S. Government, approximately 2% of our revenues in both fiscal 2011 and 2010, and 3% for fiscal 2009. Our LED revenue includes revenues derived from government agencies to support the development of LED lighting and our power and RF revenue includes revenues derived from government agencies to support the development of SiC and GaN based power and RF technology.

The revenue that we recognize pursuant to these contracts represents reimbursement by various U.S. Government entities that aid in the development of new technology. The applicable contracts generally provide that we may elect to retain ownership of inventions made in performing the work subject to a non-exclusive license retained by the U.S. Government to use the inventions for government purposes. Our government contracts typically cover work performed during time periods ranging from several months up to five years and require us to conduct the research effort described in the statement of work section of the contract. These contracts may be modified or terminated at the discretion of the government and typically are subject to appropriation and allocation of the required funding on an annual basis.

Research and Development

We invest significant resources in research and development. Our research and development activity includes efforts to:

 

   

increase the quality, performance and diameter of our substrate and epitaxial materials;

 

   

continually improve our manufacturing processes;

 

   

develop brighter, more efficient LED chip and component products;

 

   

create new, and improve existing, LED components and LED lighting products; and

 

   

develop higher power diodes/switches and higher power/higher linearity RF devices.

When our customers participate in funding our research and development programs, we record the amount funded as a reduction of research and development expenses to the extent that our customers’ funding does not exceed our respective research and development costs. For further information about these programs, see Note 2, “Basis of

 

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Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report. For further information about our research and development, see “Research and Development” in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Sales and Marketing

We continue to make significant investments to expand our global sales, marketing, technical applications support, and distribution capabilities to further enable new and existing customers to implement LED and power technology into their products. We also continue to make investments to build market awareness of the Cree brand. Our direct sales and marketing team is headquartered in North Carolina. We have a growing international sales, marketing and technical applications team, including personnel in the following locations:

 

Austria   Malaysia
Australia   Singapore
Canada   South Korea
China   Sweden
France   Taiwan
Germany   Turkey
Italy   United Kingdom
Japan   United States

This year, we have started to implement our Thermal, Electrical, Mechanical, Photometric, and Optical (TEMPO) performance testing program to assist our customers in developing high quality LED based products.

Customers

We have historically had a few key customers who represented more than 10% of our consolidated revenues. In fiscal 2011, revenues from two of our distribution customers, Arrow Electronics, Inc. (Arrow) and World Peace Industrial Co., Ltd. (World Peace), exceeded 10% of our total consolidated revenues. Sales to Arrow and World Peace represented 20% and 10% of our total consolidated revenues in fiscal 2011, respectively. For further discussion regarding customer concentration, please see Note 14, “Concentrations of Risk,” in our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report. The loss of any large customer could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Distribution

A substantial portion of our products are sold to distributors. Distributors stock inventory and sell our products to their own customer base, which may include: value added resellers; manufacturers who incorporate our products into their own manufactured goods; or ultimate end users of our products. We also utilize third-party sales representatives who generally do not maintain a product inventory; instead, their customers place orders directly with us or through distributors.

Seasonality

Sales of our products are generally not subject to seasonality. Our sales do vary based on other factors such as customer demand and government regulation. If anticipated sales or shipments do not occur when expected, our results of operations for that quarter, and potentially for future quarters, may be adversely affected.

Backlog

Our backlog at June 26, 2011, the last day of our 2011 fiscal year, was approximately $172.1 million, compared with a backlog of approximately $304.0 million at June 27, 2010, the last day of our 2010 fiscal year. Because of the generally short cycle between order and shipment and occasional customer changes in delivery schedules or cancellation

 

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of orders (which at times may be made without significant penalty), we do not believe that our backlog, as of any particular date, is necessarily indicative of actual net sales for any future period. Additionally, our June 26, 2011 backlog figure contains $55.4 million of research contracts signed with the U.S. Government, for which approximately $37.3 million were not appropriated as of the last day of fiscal 2011. Our June 27, 2010 backlog figure contains $33.7 million of research contracts signed with the U.S. Government, for which approximately $30.8 million were not appropriated as of the last day of fiscal 2010. Our backlog could be adversely affected if the U.S. Government exercises its rights to terminate our government contracts or does not appropriate and allocate all of the funding contemplated by the contracts.

Sources of Raw Materials

We depend on a number of suppliers for certain raw materials, components and equipment used in our products, including certain key materials and equipment used in our crystal growth, wafering, polishing, epitaxial deposition, device fabrication, component and lighting assembly processes. We generally purchase these limited source items pursuant to purchase orders and have limited guaranteed supply arrangements with our suppliers. Our suppliers, located around the world, can be subject to many constraints limiting supply that are beyond our control. We believe our current supply of essential materials is sufficient to meet our needs. However, shortages have occurred from time to time and could occur again.

Competition

Our success depends on our ability to keep pace with the evolving technology standards of the industries we serve. These industries are characterized by rapid technological change, frequent introduction of new products, short product life cycles, changes in end user and customer requirements, and a competitive pricing environment. The evolving nature of these industries may render our existing or future products obsolete, noncompetitive or unmarketable. Any of these developments could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

LED Products

LED Chips

The primary competition for our LED chip products comes from companies that manufacture and/or sell nitride-based LED chips. We consider Nichia Corporation (Nichia) to be a competitor because it sells LED chips to a select number of LED packaging companies and it sells packaged LEDs that most often compete directly with our chip customers. We believe, based on industry information, that Nichia currently has the largest market share for nitride-based LEDs.

There are many other LED chip producers who sell blue, green and white LED chip products, including OSRAM Semiconductor GmbH (OSRAM), Toyoda Gosei Co., Ltd, and Epistar Corporation. These competitors make products for a variety of applications in a range of performance levels that compete directly with our LED chip products.

Overall, we believe that performance, price and strength of intellectual property are the most significant factors to compete successfully in the nitride LED market. We believe our products are well positioned to meet the market performance requirements; however, there is significant pricing pressure from a number of competitors. We continually strive to improve our competitive position by developing brighter and higher performing LED chips while focusing on lowering costs.

LED Components

The market for lighting class LED components is concentrated primarily in indoor and outdoor commercial lighting; specialty lighting, including torch lamps (flashlights); color changing architectural lighting; signs and signals; and emergency vehicle lighting (for example, fire and rescue vehicles). Nichia, OSRAM and Philips Lumileds Lighting Company, LLC are the main competitors in this market. These companies sell LED components that compete indirectly with our target customers for LED chips and compete directly with our XLamp LED components. Several other companies have products designed to compete with our XLamp LED components, including Avago Technologies

 

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Limited, Edison Opto Corporation, Kingbright Corporation, Samsung LED Company (Samsung), and Seoul Semiconductor Co., Ltd. We are positioning our XLamp LED components to compete in this market based on performance, price and usability.

Our high brightness LED components compete with a larger number of competitors around the world in a variety of applications including signage, video, automotive, gaming and specialty lighting. We are positioning our high brightness LED components to compete in this market based on performance, price, availability and usability.

LED Lighting

Our LED lighting products currently face competition from traditional lighting fixture companies, lamp manufacturers and from non-traditional companies focused on LED lighting systems including fixtures and bulbs.

Our LED lighting products compete against traditional lighting products using incandescent, fluorescent, halogen, ceramic metal halide or other lighting technology. Our LED lighting products compete against traditional lighting products based upon superior energy savings, extended life, improved lighting quality and lower total cost of ownership. Also, our LED lighting products have a reduced impact on the environment as compared to fluorescent and compact fluorescent technologies that contain mercury.

We also compete with LED-based products from traditional and non-traditional lamp and fixture companies, some of whom are customers for our LED chips and LED components. Our products compete on the basis of color quality and consistency, superior light output, reduced energy consumption, brand and lower total cost of ownership.

SiC Wafers

We have continued to maintain our well-established quality and volume leadership position in the sale of SiC wafer and SiC and GaN epitaxy products. We are seeing increased competition in this market.

Power and RF Products

Power Devices

Our SiC-based power devices compete with similar devices offered by Infineon Technologies AG, STMicroelectronics, and Rohm Co., Ltd. There are also a number of other companies developing SiC-based power devices. In addition, our products compete with existing silicon-based power devices offered by a variety of manufacturers.

RF Devices

Currently, Sumitomo Electric Device Innovations, Inc. is the main company offering products that compete directly with our SiC MESFET and GaN HEMT products, although several other companies such as RF Micro Devices Inc., Nitronex Corporation and Triquint Corporation have products that compete with us as well. Our products also face competition from existing silicon and GaAs-based products.

Patents and Other Intellectual Property Rights

We believe it is important to protect our investment in technology by obtaining and enforcing intellectual property rights, including rights under patent, trademark, trade secret and copyright laws. We seek to protect inventions we consider significant by applying for patents in the United States and other countries when appropriate. We have also acquired, through license grants and assignments, rights to patents on inventions originally developed by others. As of June 26, 2011, we owned or held exclusive rights under 721 issued U.S. patents and approximately 1,228 foreign patents with various expiration dates extending up to 2036. We do not consider our business to be materially dependent upon any one patent, and we believe our business will not be materially adversely affected by the expiration of any one patent. For proprietary technology that is not patented, we generally seek to protect the technology and related know-how and information as trade secrets by keeping confidential the information that we believe provides us with a competitive

 

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advantage. We attempt to create strong brands for our products and promote our products through trademarks that distinguish them in the market. We may license our customers to use our trademarks in connection with the sale of our products, and we monitor for the proper and authorized use of our marks.

Licensing activities and lawsuits to enforce intellectual property rights, particularly patent rights, are a common feature of the semiconductor and LED industries, and we attempt to ensure respect for our intellectual property rights through appropriate actions. The breadth of our intellectual property rights and the extent to which they can be successfully enforced vary across jurisdictions. We both make and receive inquiries regarding possible patent infringements and possible violations of other intellectual property rights in the normal course of business. Depending on the circumstances, we may seek to negotiate a license or other acceptable resolution. If we are unable to achieve a resolution by agreement, we may seek to enforce our rights or defend our position through litigation. Patent litigation in particular is expensive and the outcome is often uncertain. We believe that the strength of our portfolio of patent rights is important in helping us resolve or avoid such disputes with other companies in our industry.

Environmental Regulation

We are subject to a variety of federal, state and local provisions regulating the discharge of materials into the environment or otherwise relating to the protection of the environment. These include statutory and regulatory provisions under which we are responsible for the management of hazardous materials we use and the disposition of hazardous wastes resulting from our manufacturing processes. Failure to comply with such provisions could result in fines and other liabilities to the government or third parties, injunctions requiring us to suspend or curtail operations or other remedies, and could have a material adverse effect on our business.

Working Capital

For a discussion of our working capital practices, see “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in Item 7 of this Annual Report.

Employees

As of June 26, 2011, we employed approximately 4,753 regular full and part-time employees. We also employ individuals on a temporary full-time basis and use the services of contractors as necessary. Certain of our employees in various countries outside of the United States are subject to laws providing representation rights to these employees. We consider relations with our employees to be good.

Available Information

Our website address is www.cree.com. We make available free of charge through our website our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, including Interactive Data Files, and Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to these reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish such material to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). These reports may be accessed from our website by following the links under “Investor Relations,” then “SEC Filings.” The information found on our website is not part of this or any other report we file with or furnish to the SEC. We assume no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements in this Annual Report or in other reports filed with the SEC, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, unless we are required to do so by law. A copy of this Annual Report and our other reports is available without charge upon written request to Investor Relations, Cree, Inc., 4600 Silicon Drive, Durham, North Carolina 27703.

 

Item 1A. Risk Factors

 

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Described below are various risks and uncertainties that may affect our business. If any of the risks described below actually occurs, our business, financial condition or results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

We face significant challenges managing our growth as the market adopts LEDs for general lighting.

Our potential for growth depends significantly on the adoption of LEDs within the general lighting market and our ability to affect this rate of adoption. Although LED lighting has grown rapidly in recent years, adoption of LEDs for general lighting is relatively new, still limited and faces significant challenges before widespread adoption. In order to manage our growth and business strategy effectively in light of uncertainty related to the pace of adoption, we must continue to:

 

   

maintain, expand and purchase adequate manufacturing facilities and equipment to meet customer demand;

 

   

maintain a sufficient supply of raw materials to support our growth;

 

   

expand research and development, sales and marketing, technical support, distribution capabilities and administrative functions;

 

   

expand the skills and capabilities of our current management team;

 

   

add experienced senior level managers; and

 

   

attract and retain qualified employees.

While we intend to focus on managing our costs and expenses, over the long term we expect to invest substantially to support our growth and may have additional unexpected costs. For example, we purchased a 565,000-square-foot facility in Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China to support LED chip and LED component production in 2009, and we are targeting to expand LED wafer production at our facility in North Carolina. However, such investments take time to become fully operational, and we may not be able to expand quickly enough to exploit targeted market opportunities. There are also inherent execution risks in starting up a new factory or expanding production capacity that could increase costs and reduce our operating results, including design and construction cost overruns, poor production process yields and reduced quality control during the start-up phase.

We are also increasingly dependent on information technology to enable us to improve the effectiveness of our operations and to maintain financial accuracy and efficiency. If we do not allocate and effectively manage the resources necessary to build, implement and sustain the proper technology infrastructure, we could be subject to transaction errors, processing inefficiencies, loss of customers, business disruptions or loss of or damage to intellectual property through security breach.

In connection with our efforts to cost-effectively manage our growth, we have increasingly relied on contractors for production capacity, logistics support and certain administrative functions including hosting of certain information technology software applications. If these service providers do not perform effectively, we may not be able to achieve the expected cost savings and may incur additional costs to correct errors or fulfill customer demand. Depending on the function involved, such errors may also lead to business disruption, processing inefficiencies or the loss of or damage to intellectual property through security breach, or impact employee morale. Our operations may also be negatively impacted if any of these service providers do not have the financial capability to meet our growing needs.

If we are unable to effectively develop, manage and expand our distribution channels for our products, our operating results may suffer.

We have expanded into business channels that are different from those in which we have historically operated as we grow our business and sell LED lighting products and more LED components versus LED chips. If we are unable to effectively penetrate these channels or develop alternate channels to ensure our products are reaching the appropriate customer base, our financial results may be adversely impacted. In addition, if we successfully penetrate or develop these channels, we cannot guarantee that customers will accept our products or that we will be able to manufacture and deliver them in the timeline established by our customers.

We sell a substantial portion of our products to distributors. We rely on distributors to develop and expand their customer base as well as anticipate demand from their customers. If they are not successful, our growth and profitability may be adversely impacted. Distributors must balance the need to have enough products in stock in order to meet their customers’ needs against their internal target inventory levels and the risk of potential inventory obsolescence.

 

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The risks of inventory obsolescence are especially true with technological products. The distributors’ internal target inventory levels vary depending on market cycles and a number of factors within each distributor over which we have very little, if any control. Also, the recent earthquake and tsunami in Japan has disrupted demand and may contribute to uncertainty for our distributors that sell to customers within this region.

We typically recognize revenue on product sold to distributors when the item is shipped and title passes to the distributor (sell-in method). Certain distributors have limited rights to return inventory under stock rotation programs and have limited price protection rights for which we make estimates. We evaluate inventory levels in the distribution channel, current economic trends and other related factors in order to account for these factors in our judgments and estimates. As inventory levels and product return trends change, we revise our estimates and our operating results could be impacted.

The markets in which we operate are highly competitive and have evolving technical requirements.

The markets for our products are highly competitive. In the LED market, we compete with companies that manufacture or sell LED chips and LED components as well as those that sell LED lighting products. Competitors continue to offer new LED products with aggressive pricing and improved performance. Competitive pricing pressures may change and could accelerate the rate of decline of our average sales prices.

With the growth potential for LEDs, we may face increased competition in the future. For example, Samsung and many other companies have entered the LED market. If the investment in new capacity exceeds the growth in demand, the LED market is likely to become more competitive with additional pricing pressures. Additionally, new technologies could emerge or improvements could be made in existing technologies that may also reduce the demand for LEDs in certain markets.

As competition increases, in order to continue to grow our business, we need to continue to develop new products that meet or exceed the needs of our customers. Additionally, we anticipate that increased competition will result in pressure to lower the selling prices of our products. Therefore, our ability to continually produce more efficient, higher brightness LEDs that meet the evolving needs of our customers at lower costs will be critical to our success. Competitors may also try to align with some of our strategic customers. This could mean lower prices for our products, reduced demand for our products and a corresponding reduction in our ability to recover development, engineering and manufacturing costs. Any of these developments could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

We depend on a limited number of customers, including distributors, for a substantial portion of our revenues, and the loss of, or a significant reduction in purchases by, one or more of these customers could adversely affect our operating results.

We receive a significant amount of our revenues from a limited number of customers, including distributors. Most of our customer orders are made on a purchase order basis, which does not generally require any long-term customer commitments. Therefore, these customers may alter their past purchasing behavior with little or no notice to us for various reasons, including: developing, or, in the case of our distributors, their customers developing, their own product solutions; choosing to purchase product from our competitors; incorrectly forecasting end market demand for their products; or experiencing a reduction in their market share in the markets for which they purchase our products. If our customers alter their past (or expected) purchasing behavior, or if we encounter any problems collecting amounts due from them, our financial condition and results of operations could be negatively impacted.

We operate in an industry that is subject to significant fluctuation in supply and demand that affects our LED revenue and profitability.

The LED lighting industry is in the early stages of adoption and is characterized by constant and rapid technological change, rapid product obsolescence and price erosion, evolving standards, short product life-cycles and fluctuations in product supply and demand. The industry has experienced significant fluctuations, often in connection with, or in anticipation of product cycles and declines in general economic conditions. These fluctuations have been characterized by lower product demand, production overcapacity, higher inventory levels and increased pricing pressure. We have experienced these conditions in our business in the past, are currently experiencing these conditions, and may experience such conditions in the future, which could have a material negative impact on our business and results of operations.

 

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Our results of operations, financial condition and business could be harmed if we are unable to balance customer demand and capacity.

As customer demand for our products changes, we must be able to ramp up or adjust our production capacity to meet demand. We are continually taking steps to address our manufacturing capacity needs for our products. For example, we purchased a 565,000-square-foot facility in Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China to support LED chip and LED component production in 2009 and continue to expand LED wafer production at our facility in North Carolina. If we are not able to increase our production capacity at our targeted rate, or if there are unforeseen costs associated with adjusting our capacity levels, we may not be able to achieve our financial targets.

Conversely, due to the proportionately high fixed cost nature of our business (such as facility expansion costs), if demand does not increase at the rate forecasted, we may not be able to manage manufacturing expenses or overhead costs at the same rate as demand. This could result in lower margins and adversely impact our business and results of operations. Additionally, if product demand decreases or we fail to forecast demand accurately, we may be required to record impairments on our long-lived assets or record excess inventory write off charges. We have in the past and may in the future be required to record excess capacity charges, which would have a negative impact on our results of operations.

In addition, our efforts to improve quoted delivery lead-time performance may result in corresponding reductions in order backlog. A decline in backlog levels could result in more variability and less predictability in our quarter-to-quarter net sales and operating results.

If we fail to evaluate and execute strategic opportunities successfully, our business may suffer.

From time to time, we evaluate strategic opportunities available to us for product, technology or business transactions, such as business acquisitions or divestitures. For example, in March 2007 we acquired COTCO Luminant Device Limited, a Hong Kong company (now “Cree Hong Kong Limited”) (COTCO), and in February 2008 we acquired LED Lighting Fixtures, Inc. (LLF). If we choose to enter into such transactions, we face certain risks, such as the failure of an acquired business to meet our performance expectations, diversion of management attention, retention of existing customers of our current and acquired businesses due to concerns that new product lines may be in competition with the customers of existing product lines or otherwise, and difficulty integrating an acquired business’s operations, personnel and financial and operating systems into our current business.

We may not be able to adequately address these risks or any other problems that arise from our recent or future acquisitions or divestitures. Any failure to successfully evaluate strategic opportunities and address risks or other problems that arise related to any such business transaction could adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

As a result of our continued expansion into new markets existing customers may reduce orders.

Through acquisitions and organic growth, we continue to expand into new markets. In these new markets, some of our current customers may now perceive us as a competitor. In response, our customers may reduce their orders for our products. This reduction in orders could occur faster than our sales growth in these new markets, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Our LED revenues are highly dependent on our customers’ ability to produce, market and sell more integrated products using our LED products.

Because our customers generally integrate our LED products into the products that they produce, market and sell, our LED revenues depend on getting our LED products designed into a larger number of our customers’ products and in turn, our customers’ ability to produce, market and sell their LED products. For example, we have current and prospective customers that create, or plan to create, lighting systems using our LED components. However, the traditional lighting industry is still developing technical expertise with LED related designs, which may limit the success of our customers’ products. Even if our customers are able to develop and produce LED lighting products, there can be no assurance that our customers will be successful in marketing and selling these products in the marketplace.

We also have current and prospective customers that create white LED components using our blue LEDs, in combination with phosphors. Sales of blue LED chips are highly dependent upon our customers’ ability to procure efficient phosphors, develop high quality and highly efficient white LED components and gain access to the necessary intellectual property rights. Even if our customers are able to develop competitive white LED components using our blue LED chips, there can be no assurance that our customers will be successful in the marketplace.

The adoption of or changes in government and/or industry policies, standards or regulations relating to the efficiency, performance or other aspects of LED lighting or changes in government and/or industry policies, standards or regulations that discourage the use of certain traditional lighting technologies, could impact the demand for our LED products.

The adoption of or changes in government and/or industry policies, standards or regulations relating to the efficiency, performance or other aspects of LED lighting may impact the demand for our LED products. For example, in the second half of calendar year 2010 the Chinese government delayed purchases of LED street and tunnel lighting while developing new standards for the required performance for such lighting products in China. The process resulted in reduced demand for those lighting applications and continues to limit our ability to forecast demand for those applications in the short term.

 

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Demand for our LED products may also be impacted by changes in government and/or industry policies, standards or regulations that discourage the use of certain traditional lighting technologies. For example, the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 in the United States imposes constraints on the sale of incandescent lights beginning in 2012. These constraints may be eliminated or delayed by legislative action, which could have a negative impact on demand for our products.

If governments or their agencies discontinue or curtail their funding, or reduce their demand for our products, our business may suffer.

Changes in governmental budget priorities could adversely affect our business and results of operations. Historically, U.S. government agencies have funded a portion of our research and development activities. In addition, U.S. and foreign government agencies have purchased products directly from us and products from our customers for which we supply components. When the government changes budget priorities, such as in times of war or financial crisis, our research and development funding and our product sales are at risk. For example, the U.S. government’s credit rating was recently downgraded to AA+ by one of the leading rating agencies. Further, demand and payment for our products and our customers’ products may be affected by public sector budgetary cycles and funding authorizations. Funding reductions or delays could negatively impact demand for our products. In particular, if U.S. government funding is discontinued or significantly reduced, our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Variations in our production yields could impact our ability to reduce costs and could cause our margins to decline and our operating results to suffer.

All of our products are manufactured using technologies that are highly complex. The number of usable items, or yield, from our production processes may fluctuate as a result of many factors, including but not limited to the following:

 

   

variability in our process repeatability and control;

 

   

contamination of the manufacturing environment;

 

   

equipment failure, power outages, system failures or variations in the manufacturing process;

 

   

lack of consistency and adequate quality and quantity of piece parts and other raw materials, and other bill of materials items;

 

   

production yield loss, inventory shrinkage or human errors;

 

   

defects in production processes (including system assembly) either within our facilities or at our contractors; and

 

   

any transitions or changes in our production process, planned or unplanned.

In the past, we have experienced difficulties in achieving acceptable yields on certain products, which has adversely affected our operating results. We may experience similar problems in the future, and we cannot predict when they may occur or their severity.

In addition, our ability to convert volume manufacturing to larger diameter substrates can be an important factor in allowing for a more cost effective manufacturing process. If we are unable to make this transition in a timely or cost effective manner, our results could be negatively impacted.

In some instances, we may offer products for future delivery at prices based on planned yield improvements or increased cost efficiencies from other production advances. Failure to achieve these planned improvements or advances could significantly affect our margins and operating results.

Catastrophic events may disrupt our business.

A disruption or failure of our systems or operations in the event of a natural disaster, health pandemic, such as an influenza outbreak within our workforce, or man-made catastrophic event could cause delays in completing sales, continuing production or performing other critical functions of our business, especially in the case of our single site for SiC wafer and LED fabrication. A catastrophic event, such as the Japan earthquake and tsunami in March 2011 may result in disruption to our direct sales or those of our distributors, our supply chain, or to any of our critical business or information technology systems. This could severely affect our ability to conduct normal business operations and, as a result, our operating results could be adversely affected. There may also be secondary impacts that are unforeseeable as well, such as impacts to our customers and their supply chain, which could cause delays in new orders, delays in completing sales or even order cancellations. For instance, the recent earthquakes and tsunami in Japan have disrupted demand within the market and could negatively impact our backlog.

 

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Our operating results are substantially dependent on the development and acceptance of new products.

Our future success may depend on our ability to develop new and lower cost solutions for existing and new markets and for customers to accept those solutions. We must introduce new products in a timely and cost-effective manner, and we must secure production orders for those products from our customers. The development of new products is a highly complex process, and we historically have experienced delays in completing the development and introduction of new products. Our research and development efforts are aimed at solving increasingly complex problems, and we do not expect that all of our projects will be successful. The successful development and introduction of these new products depends on a number of factors, including the following:

 

   

achievement of technology breakthroughs required to make commercially viable devices;

 

   

the accuracy of our predictions for market requirements beyond near term visibility;

 

   

our ability to predict, influence, and/or react to evolving standards;

 

   

acceptance of our new product designs;

 

   

acceptance of new technology in certain markets;

 

   

the availability of qualified research and development personnel;

 

   

our timely completion of product designs and development;

 

   

our ability to expand direct customer sales and influence key distribution customers to adopt our products;

 

   

our ability to develop repeatable processes to manufacture new products in sufficient quantities, with the desired specifications and at competitive costs for commercial sales;

 

   

our ability to effectively transfer products and technology developed in one country to our manufacturing facilities in other countries;

 

   

our customers’ ability to develop competitive products incorporating our products; and

 

   

acceptance of our customers’ products by the market.

If any of these or other factors becomes problematic, we may not be able to develop and introduce these new products in a timely or cost-effective manner.

If our products fail to perform or fail to meet customer requirements or expectations, we could incur significant additional costs, including costs associated with the recall of those items.

The manufacture of our products involves highly complex processes. Our customers specify quality, performance and reliability standards that we must meet. If our products do not meet these standards, we may be required to replace or rework the products. In some cases, our products may contain undetected defects or flaws that only become evident after shipment. Even if our products meet standard specifications, our customers may attempt to use our products in applications they were not designed for or in products that were not designed or manufactured properly, resulting in product failures and creating customer satisfaction issues.

We have experienced product quality, performance or reliability problems from time to time and defects or failures may occur in the future. If failures or defects occur, we may need to recall our products. These recalls could result in significant losses due to:

 

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costs associated with the removal, collection and destruction of the product recalled;

 

   

payments made to replace recalled product;

 

   

a rise in warranty expense and costs associated with customer support;

 

   

the write down or destruction of existing inventory subject to the recall;

 

   

lost sales due to the unavailability of product for a period of time;

 

   

delays, cancellations or rescheduling of orders for our products; or

 

   

increased product returns.

We also may be the target of product liability lawsuits, and could suffer losses from a significant product liability judgment against us if the use of our products at issue is determined to have caused injury. A significant product recall or product liability case could also result in adverse publicity, damage to our reputation, and a loss of customer confidence in our products.

Our operations in foreign countries, including China and other Asian countries, expose us to certain risks inherent in doing business internationally, which may adversely affect our business, results of operations or financial condition.

As a result of acquisitions and organic growth, we have operations, manufacturing facilities and contract manufacturing arrangements in foreign countries that expose us to certain risks. For example, fluctuations in exchange rates may affect our revenues, expenses and results of operations as well as the value of our assets and liabilities as reflected in our financial statements. We are also subject to other types of risks, including the following:

 

   

protection of intellectual property and trade secrets;

 

   

tariffs, customs and other barriers to importing/exporting materials and products in a cost effective and timely manner;

 

   

timing and availability of export licenses;

 

   

rising labor costs;

 

   

disruptions in or inadequate infrastructure of the foreign countries where we operate;

 

   

difficulties in accounts receivable collections;

 

   

difficulties in staffing and managing international operations;

 

   

the burden of complying with foreign and international laws and treaties; and

 

   

the burden of complying with and changes in international taxation policies.

In some instances, we have been provided and may continue to receive competing incentives from foreign governments to encourage our investment in certain countries, regions, or areas outside of the United States. In particular, we have received and may continue to receive such incentives in connection with our operations in Asia, as Asian national and local governments seek to encourage the development of the technology industry. Government incentives may include tax rebates, reduced tax rates, favorable lending policies and other measures, some or all of which may be available to us due to our foreign operations. Any of these incentives could be reduced or eliminated by governmental authorities at any time. Any reduction or elimination of incentives currently provided to our operations could adversely affect our business and results of operations. These same governments also may provide increased incentives to or require production processes that favor local companies, which could further negatively impact our business and results of operations.

Abrupt political change, terrorist activity and armed conflict pose a risk of general economic disruption in affected countries, which could also result in an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Litigation could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

We are often involved in patent infringement litigation as described in Note 13, “Commitments and Contingencies,” to our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report. Defending against existing and potential litigation will likely require significant attention and resources and, regardless of the outcome, result in significant legal expenses, which could adversely affect our results unless covered by insurance or recovered from third parties. If our defenses are ultimately unsuccessful, or if we are unable to achieve a favorable resolution, we could be liable for damage awards that could materially affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Where necessary, we may initiate litigation to enforce our patent or other intellectual property rights. Any such litigation may require us to spend a substantial amount of time and money and could distract management from our day-to-day operations. Moreover, there is no assurance that we will be successful in any such litigation.

 

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Our business may be impaired by claims that we, or our customers, infringe the intellectual property rights of others.

Vigorous protection and pursuit of intellectual property rights characterize our industry. These traits have resulted in significant and often protracted and expensive litigation. Litigation to determine the validity of patents or claims by third parties of infringement of patents or other intellectual property rights could result in significant legal expense and divert the efforts of our technical personnel and management, even if the litigation results in a determination favorable to us. In the event of an adverse result in such litigation, we could be required to:

 

   

pay substantial damages;

 

   

indemnify our customers;

 

   

stop the manufacture, use and sale of products found to be infringing;

 

   

incur asset impairment charges;

 

   

discontinue the use of processes found to be infringing;

 

   

expend significant resources to develop non-infringing products or processes; or

 

   

obtain a license to use third party technology.

There can be no assurance that third parties will not attempt to assert infringement claims against us, or our customers, with respect to our products. In addition, our customers may face infringement claims directed to the customer’s products that incorporate our products, and an adverse result could impair the customer’s demand for our products. We have also promised certain of our customers that we will indemnify them in the event they are sued by our competitors for infringement claims directed to the products we supply. Under these indemnification obligations, we may be responsible for future payments to resolve infringement claims against them.

From time to time, we receive correspondence asserting that our products or processes are or may be infringing patents or other intellectual property rights of others. If we believe the assertions may have merit or in other appropriate circumstances, we take steps to seek to obtain a license or to avoid the infringement. However, we cannot predict whether a license will be available; that we would find the terms of any license offered acceptable; or that we would be able to develop an alternative solution. Failure to obtain a necessary license or develop an alternative solution could cause us to incur substantial liabilities and costs and to suspend the manufacture of affected products.

There are limitations on our ability to protect our intellectual property.

Our intellectual property position is based in part on patents owned by us and patents licensed to us. We intend to continue to file patent applications in the future, where appropriate, and to pursue such applications with U.S. and foreign patent authorities.

However, our existing patents are subject to expiration and we cannot be sure that additional patents will be issued on any new applications around the covered technology or that our existing or future patents will not be successfully contested by third parties. Also, since issuance of a valid patent does not prevent other companies from using alternative, non-infringing technology, we cannot be sure that any of our patents, or patents issued to others and licensed to us, will provide significant commercial protection, especially as new competitors enter the market.

We periodically discover products that are counterfeit reproductions of our products or that otherwise infringe on our intellectual property rights. The actions we take to establish and protect trademarks, patents, and other intellectual property rights may not be adequate to prevent imitation of our products by others, and therefore, may adversely affect our sales and our brand and result in the shift of customer preference away from our products. Further, the actions we take to establish and protect trademarks, patents and other intellectual property rights could result in significant legal expense and divert the efforts of our technical personnel and management, even if the litigation or other action results in a determination favorable to us.

We also rely on trade secrets and other non-patented proprietary information relating to our product development and manufacturing activities. We try to protect this information through appropriate efforts to maintain its secrecy, including requiring employees and third parties to sign confidentiality agreements. We cannot be sure that these efforts will be successful or that the confidentiality agreements will not be breached. We also cannot be sure that we would have adequate remedies for any breach of such agreements or other misappropriation of our trade secrets, or that our trade secrets and proprietary know-how will not otherwise become known or be independently discovered by others.

 

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We may be subject to intellectual property theft or misuse, which could harm our business and results of operations.

We may face attempts by others to gain unauthorized access to our intellectual property. These attempts might be the result of industrial or other espionage, or actions by hackers seeking to harm us. We actively seek to prevent, detect and investigate any security incidents, but in some cases we might be unaware of an incident or its magnitude and effects. The theft and/or unauthorized use or publication of our trade secrets and other confidential business information as a result of such an incident could adversely affect our competitive position and the value of our investment in research and development, product development, and marketing could be reduced. Our business could be subject to significant disruption, and we could suffer monetary or other losses.

Our business may be adversely affected by uncertainties in the global financial markets and our, or our customers’ or suppliers’ ability to access the capital markets.

Global financial markets continue to reflect uncertainty about a sustained global economic recovery. Given these uncertainties, there could be future disruptions in the global economy, financial markets and consumer confidence. If economic conditions deteriorate unexpectedly, our business and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. For example, our customers, including our distributors and their customers, may continue to experience difficulty obtaining the financing necessary to support historical or projected purchasing patterns, which could negatively affect our results of operations.

Although we believe we have adequate liquidity and capital resources to fund our operations internally, our inability to access the capital markets on favorable terms in the future, or at all, may adversely affect our financial performance. The inability to obtain adequate financing from debt or capital sources in the future could force us to self-fund strategic initiatives or even forego certain opportunities, which in turn could potentially harm our performance.

We are subject to risks related to international sales and purchases.

We expect that revenue from international sales will continue to represent the majority of our total revenue. In fiscal 2011, approximately 76% of our revenue was derived from sales to non-U.S. customers, with approximately 36% of revenue from sales to customers in China. As such, a significant slowdown in these foreign economies or lower investments in new infrastructure could have a negative impact on our sales. We also purchase a portion of the materials included in our products from overseas sources.

Our international sales and purchases are subject to numerous U.S. and foreign laws and regulations, including, without limitation, tariffs, trade barriers, regulations relating to import-export control, technology transfer restrictions, the International Traffic in Arms Regulation promulgated under the Arms Export Control Act, the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the anti-boycott provisions of the U.S. Export Administration Act. If we fail to comply with these laws and regulations, we could be liable for administrative, civil or criminal liabilities, and in the extreme case, we could be suspended or debarred from government contracts or have our export privileges suspended, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.

International sales and purchases are also subject to a variety of other risks, including risks arising from currency fluctuations, collection issues and taxes. Our international sales are subject to variability as our selling prices become less competitive in countries with currencies that are declining in value against the U.S. Dollar and more competitive in countries with currencies that are increasing in value against the U.S. Dollar. In addition, our international purchases can become more expensive if the U.S. Dollar weakens against the foreign currencies in which we are billed.

We have not entered into any foreign currency derivative financial instruments; however, we may choose to do so in the future in an effort to manage or hedge our foreign exchange rate risk.

We rely on a number of key sole source and limited source suppliers, and are subject to high price volatility on certain commodity inputs, variations in parts quality, and raw material consistency and availability.

We depend on a number of sole source and limited source suppliers for certain raw materials, including rare earth elements, components, services and equipment used in manufacturing our products, including key materials and equipment used in critical stages of our manufacturing processes. Although alternative sources generally exist for these items, qualification of many of these alternative sources could take up to six months or longer. Where possible, we attempt to identify and qualify alternative sources for our sole and limited source suppliers.

 

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We generally purchase these sole or limited source items with purchase orders, and we have limited guaranteed supply arrangements with such suppliers. Some of our sources can have variations in attributes and availability which can affect our ability to produce products in sufficient volume or quality. We do not control the time and resources that these suppliers devote to our business, and we cannot be sure that these suppliers will perform their obligations to us. Additionally, general shortages in the marketplace of certain raw materials or key components, such as passive electrical components used in LED lighting applications, may adversely impact our business. In the past, we have experienced decreases in our production yields when suppliers have varied from previously agreed upon specifications that have impacted our cost of sales.

Additionally, the inability of our suppliers to access capital efficiently could cause disruptions in their businesses, thereby negatively impacting ours. This risk may increase if an economic downturn negatively affects key suppliers or a significant number of our other suppliers. Any delay in product delivery or other interruption or variation in supply from these suppliers could prevent us from meeting commercial demand for our products. If we were to lose key suppliers, our key suppliers were unable to support our demand for any reason, or we were unable to identify and qualify alternative suppliers, our manufacturing operations could be interrupted or hampered significantly.

We rely on arrangements with independent shipping companies for the delivery of our products from vendors and to customers in both the United States and abroad. The failure or inability of these shipping companies to deliver products, or the unavailability of their shipping services, even temporarily, could have a material adverse effect on our business. We may also be adversely affected by an increase in freight surcharges due to rising fuel costs and added security.

In our fabrication process we consume a number of precious metals and other commodities, which are subject to high price volatility. Our operating margins could be significantly affected if we are not able to pass along price increases to our customers. In addition, production could be disrupted by the unavailability of the resources used in production such as water, silicon, electricity and gases. Future environmental regulations could restrict supply or increase the cost of certain of those materials.

Changes in our effective tax rate may have an adverse effect on our results.

Our future effective tax rates may be adversely affected by a number of factors including:

 

   

the jurisdiction in which profits are determined to be earned and taxed;

 

   

changes in government administrations, such as the Presidency and Congress of the U.S. as well as in the states and countries in which we operate;

 

   

changes in tax laws or interpretation of such tax laws and changes in generally accepted accounting principles;

 

   

the resolution of issues arising from tax audits with various authorities;

 

   

changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities;

 

   

adjustments to estimated taxes upon finalization of various tax returns;

 

   

increases in expenses not deductible for tax purposes, including write-offs of acquired in-process research and development and impairment of goodwill in connection with acquisitions;

 

   

changes in available tax credits;

 

   

the recognition and measurement of uncertain tax positions;

 

   

the lack of sufficient excess tax benefits (credits) in our additional paid in capital (APIC) pool in situations where our realized tax deductions for certain stock-based compensation awards (such as non-qualified stock options and restricted stock) are less than those originally anticipated; and

 

   

the repatriation of non-U.S. earnings for which we have not previously provided for U.S. taxes, or any changes in legislation that may result in these earnings being taxed within the U.S., regardless of our decision regarding repatriation of funds.

For example, proposals have been made by various U.S. governmental bodies to change the U.S. tax laws that include, among other things, limiting U.S. tax deductions for expenses related to un-repatriated foreign-source income and modifying the U.S. foreign tax credit rules. Although the scope of the proposed changes is unclear, it is possible that these or other changes in U.S. tax laws could increase our U.S. income tax liability and adversely affect our profitability. At this time, we cannot determine the timing that the proposed changes, if enacted, would become effective.

 

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Any significant increase in our future effective tax rates could adversely impact net income for future periods. In addition, the determination of our income tax provision requires complex estimations, significant judgments and significant knowledge and experience concerning the applicable tax laws. To the extent our income tax liability materially differs from our income tax provisions and accruals due to factors, including the above, which were not anticipated at the time we estimated our tax provision, our net income or cash flows could be adversely affected.

Our stock price may be volatile.

Historically, our common stock has experienced substantial price volatility, particularly as a result of significant fluctuations in our revenue, earnings and margins over the past few years and variations between our actual financial results and the published expectations of analysts. For example, the closing price per share of our common stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market ranged from a low of $33.15 in fiscal 2011 to a high of $75.63 in the same fiscal year. If our future operating results or margins are below the expectations of stock market analysts or our investors, our stock price will likely decline.

Speculation in the press or investment community about our strategic position, financial condition, results of operations, or significant transactions can also cause changes in our stock price. In particular, speculation around our market opportunities for energy efficient lighting may have a dramatic effect on our stock price, especially as various government agencies announce their planned investments in energy efficient technology, including lighting.

In order to compete, we must attract, motivate and retain key employees, and our failure to do so could harm our results of operations.

Hiring and retaining qualified executives, scientists, engineers, technical staff and sales personnel is critical to our business, and competition for experienced employees in our industry can be intense. As a global company, this issue is not limited to the United States, but includes our other locations such as Europe and China. For example, there is substantial competition in China for qualified and capable personnel, particularly experienced engineers and technical personnel, which may make it difficult for us to recruit and retain qualified employees. Also, within Huizhou, China, there are other large companies building manufacturing plants that will likely attract qualified employees. If we are unable to staff sufficient and adequate personnel at our China facilities, we may experience lower revenues or increased manufacturing costs, which would adversely affect our results of operations.

To help attract, motivate and retain key employees, we use benefits such as stock-based compensation awards, which include non-qualified stock options and restricted stock. If the value of such stock awards does not appreciate, as measured by the performance of the price of our common stock, or if our share-based compensation otherwise ceases to be viewed as a valuable benefit, our ability to attract, retain and motivate employees could be weakened, which could harm our business and results of operations.

Our failure to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations worldwide could harm our business and results of operations.

The manufacturing, assembling and testing of our products require the use of hazardous materials that are subject to a broad array of environmental, health and safety laws and regulations. Our failure to comply with any of these applicable laws or regulations could result in:

 

   

regulatory penalties, fines, legal liabilities, and the forfeiture of certain tax benefits;

 

   

suspension of production;

 

   

alteration of our fabrication, assembly and test processes; and

 

   

curtailment of our operations or sales.

In addition, our failure to manage the use, transportation, emission, discharge, storage, recycling or disposal of hazardous materials could subject us to increased costs or future liabilities. Existing and future environmental laws and regulations could also require us to acquire pollution abatement or remediation equipment, modify our product designs or incur other expenses, such as permit costs, associated with such laws and regulations. Many new materials that we are evaluating for use in our operations may be subject to regulation under existing or future environmental laws and regulations that may restrict our use of one or more of such materials in our manufacturing, assembly and test processes or products. Any of these restrictions could harm our business and results of operations by increasing our expenses or requiring us to alter our manufacturing processes. For example, under the recently adopted greenhouse gas regulations in

 

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the U.S., most of our manufacturing facilities in the U.S. may be considered “major sources” under the Clean Air Act in 2011. This change could likely result in increased costs for our U.S. operations, such as increased control and remediation requirements, additional monitoring, recordkeeping and reporting costs.

Our results could vary as a result of the methods, estimates and judgments that we use in applying our accounting policies, including changes in the accounting regulations to be applied.

The methods, estimates and judgments that we use in applying our accounting policies have a significant impact on our results (see “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” in our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in Item 7 of this Annual Report). Such methods, estimates and judgments are, by their nature, subject to substantial risks, uncertainties and assumptions, and factors may arise over time that lead us to change our methods, estimates and judgments. Changes in those methods, estimates and judgments could significantly affect our results.

Likewise, our results may be impacted due to changes in the accounting rules to be applied, such as the increased use of fair value measurement rules, proposed changes in revenue recognition requirements, and the potential requirement that U.S. registrants prepare financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards.

We may be required to record a significant charge to earnings if our goodwill or amortizable intangible assets become impaired.

We are required under generally accepted accounting principles to review our amortizable intangible assets for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. Goodwill is required to be tested for impairment at least annually. Factors that may be considered a change in circumstances indicating that the carrying value of our amortizable intangible assets or goodwill may not be recoverable include a decline in stock price and market capitalization and slower growth rates in our industry. We may be required to record a significant charge to earnings in our consolidated financial statements during the period in which any impairment of our amortizable intangible assets or goodwill is determined to exist. This could adversely impact our results of operations.

We are exposed to fluctuations in the market value of our investment portfolio and in interest rates, and therefore, impairment of our investments or lower investment income could harm our earnings.

We are exposed to market value and inherent interest rate risk related to our investment portfolio. We have historically invested portions of our available cash in fixed interest rate securities such as high-grade corporate debt, commercial paper, government securities and other fixed interest rate investments. The primary objective of our investment policy is preservation of principal. However, our investments are generally not FDIC insured and may lose value and/or become illiquid regardless of their rating.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

Not applicable.

Item 2. Properties

The table below sets forth information with respect to our significant owned and leased facilities as of June 26, 2011. The sizes of the locations represent the approximate gross square footage of each site’s buildings.

 

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Table of Contents
     Size (approximate square footage)  

Location

   Total      Production      Facility
Services and
Warehousing
     Administrative
Function
     Housing /
Other
 

Owned Facilities

              

Durham, NC

     749,000         500,720         106,000         142,280         —     

Research Triangle Park, NC

     147,500         57,000         56,000         34,500         —     

Huizhou, China

     564,900         356,600         40,000         40,200         128,100   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Owned

     1,461,400         914,320         202,000         216,980         128,100   

Leased Facilities

              

Hong Kong

     27,515         —           —           17,380         10,135   

Huizhou, China

     392,710         238,539         —           —           154,171   

Shanghai, China

     28,976         —           —           28,976         —     

Morrisville, NC

     27,050         —           —           27,050         —     

Goleta, CA

     25,623         —           1,882         23,741         —     

Misc. sales and support offices

     30,885         —           —           29,744         1,141   

Leased Land

              

Huizhou, China

     414,952         261,944         29,382         29,529         94,097   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Leased

     947,711         500,483         31,264         156,420         259,544   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     2,409,111         1,414,803         233,264         373,400         387,644   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

In the United States, our corporate headquarters as well as our primary research and development and manufacturing operations are located at the Durham, North Carolina facilities that we own. Our facilities sit on approximately 55 acres of developed land that we own. We also own approximately 80 acres of additional land near our site. Currently, we are developing 30 acres of this land for manufacturing space, leaving 50 undeveloped acres. Our power and RF products are primarily produced at our owned manufacturing facility located in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. This facility sits on approximately 55 acres of land that we own.

We also own a 565,000-square-foot facility in Huizhou, Guangdong Province, China. This building sits on land which is leased from the Chinese government through two leases. One lease for 327,440 square feet expires in November 2057. The other lease for 87,512 square feet expires in November 2060. At the end of the lease terms, the land leases will need to be renegotiated.

We maintain sales and support offices, through our subsidiaries, in leased office premises in Shenzhen and Shanghai, China; Hong Kong; Tokyo, Japan; Penang, Malaysia; Taipei, Taiwan; and Munich, Germany. In addition, we lease a facility in Goleta, California that is used for research and development and administrative functions.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

The information required by this item is set forth under Note 13, “Commitments and Contingencies,” of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report, and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 4. (Removed and Reserved)

PART II

 

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Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Common Stock Market Information

Our common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market and is quoted under the symbol CREE. There were 502 holders of record of our common stock as of August 10, 2011. The following table sets forth, for the quarters indicated, the high and low closing sales prices as reported by NASDAQ.

 

     Fiscal 2011      Fiscal 2010  
     High      Low      High      Low  

First Quarter

   $ 75.63       $ 48.72       $ 38.97       $ 26.39   

Second Quarter

     72.05         48.74         55.26         34.38   

Third Quarter

     69.20         42.90         72.40         52.66   

Fourth Quarter

     46.72         33.15         83.38         59.02   

We have never paid cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate that we will do so in the foreseeable future. There are no contractual restrictions in place that currently materially limit, or are likely in the future to materially limit us from paying dividends on our common stock, but applicable state law may limit the payment of dividends. Our present policy is to retain earnings, if any, to provide funds for the operation and expansion of our business.

Stock Performance Graph

The following information in this Item 5 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is not deemed to be “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC or subject to Regulation 14A or 14C under the Exchange Act or to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, and will not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, except to the extent we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filing.

The following graph compares the cumulative total return on our common stock with the cumulative total returns of The NASDAQ Composite Index and The NASDAQ Electronic Components Index for the five-year period commencing June 25, 2006. The stock price performance shown on the graph below is not necessarily indicative of future price performance.

LOGO

 

* Assumes (1) $100 invested on June 25, 2006 in Cree, Inc. Common Stock, The NASDAQ Composite Index and The NASDAQ Electronic Components Index and (2) the immediate reinvestment of all dividends.

 

     6/25/2006      6/24/2007      6/29/2008      6/28/2009      6/27/2010      6/26/2011  

Cree, Inc.

   $ 100.00       $ 116.69       $ 100.81       $ 127.37       $ 276.97       $ 144.57   

NASDAQ Composite Index

     100.00         122.93         110.88         88.94         108.59         130.91   

NASDAQ Electronic Components Index

     100.00         125.49         112.73         85.58         105.46         104.70   

Sale of Unregistered Securities

There were no sales of unregistered securities during fiscal 2011.

Stock Repurchase Program

There were no repurchases during fiscal 2011 of any of our securities registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act by or on behalf of us or any affiliated purchaser. As of June 26, 2011, pursuant to an extension of our stock repurchase program authorized by our Board of Directors, we are authorized to repurchase shares of our common stock having an aggregate purchase price not exceeding $200 million for all purchases from June 2011 through the expiration of the program in June 2012. The repurchase program can be implemented through open market or privately negotiated transactions at the discretion of our management. 

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

 

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The consolidated statement of income data set forth below with respect to the fiscal years ended June 26, 2011, June 27, 2010, and June 28, 2009 and the consolidated balance sheet data at June 26, 2011 and June 27, 2010 are derived from, and are qualified by reference to, the audited consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report and should be read in conjunction with those financial statements and notes thereto. The consolidated statement of income data for the fiscal years ended June 29, 2008 and June 24, 2007 and the consolidated balance sheet data at June 28, 2009, June 29, 2008, and June 24, 2007 are derived from audited consolidated financial statements not included herein. All consolidated statement of income data excludes Cree Microwave as it has been accounted for as a discontinued operation. Certain fiscal 2010, fiscal 2009, fiscal 2008, and fiscal 2007 amounts have been reclassified to conform to fiscal 2011 classifications. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported income from operations or shareholders’ equity.

Selected Consolidated Financial Data

(Thousands, except per share data)

 

     Years Ended  
     June 26,
2011
     June 27,
2010
     June 28,
2009
     June 29,
2008
     June 24,
2007
 

Statement of Income Data:

              

Revenue, net

   $ 987,615       $ 867,287       $ 567,255       $ 493,296       $ 394,121   

Operating income

   $ 168,706       $ 197,778       $ 30,590       $ 12,041       $ 16,656   

Net income from continuing operations

   $ 146,500       $ 152,290       $ 30,650       $ 31,812       $ 50,193   

Net income from continuing operations per share, basic

   $ 1.35       $ 1.49       $ 0.35       $ 0.37       $ 0.64   

Net income from continuing operations per share, diluted

   $ 1.33       $ 1.45       $ 0.34       $ 0.36       $ 0.63   

Weighted Average Shares Outstanding:

              

Basic

     108,522         102,371         88,263         86,366         78,560   

Diluted

     110,035         104,698         89,081         88,077         79,496   
     As of  
     June 26,
2011
     June 27,
2010
     June 28,
2009
     June 29,
2008
     June 24,
2007
 

Balance Sheet Data:

              

Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments

   $ 1,085,797       $ 1,066,405       $ 447,210       $ 371,032       $ 311,018   

Working capital

     1,316,579         1,235,072         500,755         408,293         379,683   

Total assets

     2,446,722         2,199,176         1,404,567         1,313,407         1,116,230   

Long term obligations

     44,842         51,037         51,138         42,992         45,782   

Shareholders’ equity

     2,261,564         2,028,048         1,224,748         1,145,740         1,015,999   

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Executive Summary

The following discussion is designed to provide a better understanding of our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, including a brief discussion of our business and products, key factors that impacted our performance, and a summary of our operating results. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report. Historical results and percentage relationships among any amounts in the financial statements are not necessarily indicative of trends in operating results for any future periods.

Overview

We are a leading innovator of lighting-class LEDs, LED lighting and semiconductor products for wireless and power applications. Our products are driving improvements in applications such as general illumination, video displays, automotive, electronic signs and signals, variable-speed motors and wireless systems.

 

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We develop and manufacture semiconductor materials and devices primarily based on SiC, GaN and related compounds. The physical and electronic properties of SiC and GaN offer technical advantages over traditional silicon, gallium arsenide (GaAs), sapphire and other materials used for certain electronic applications.

We derive the largest portion of our revenue from sales of our LED products. These products consist of LED chips, LED components, LED lighting products and SiC wafers. Also included in LED product revenues are revenues derived from government agencies to support the development of LED lighting, and license fees from intellectual property rights. As we develop and improve our LED technology and the market continues to focus on energy efficiency, we believe the potential market for LED lighting will continue to expand. Our success in selling LED products depends upon our ability to drive adoption and offer innovative products and solutions that enable our customers to succeed in the market. By driving adoption we believe we can influence the market and open more opportunities for LEDs.

In addition, we generate revenue from sales of power and RF products. Also included are revenues derived from government agencies to support the development of SiC- and GaN-based power and RF technology.

The majority of our products are manufactured at our production facilities located in North Carolina and China. We also use contract manufacturers for certain aspects of product fabrication and packaging. We operate research and development facilities in North Carolina, California, and China.

Operating Segments

We currently operate our business as one reportable segment.

Industry Dynamics and Trends

There are a number of industry factors that affect our business which include, among others:

 

   

Overall Demand for Products and Applications using LEDs. Our potential for growth depends significantly on the adoption of LEDs within the general lighting market and our ability to affect this rate of adoption. Although LED lighting has grown in recent years, adoption of LEDs for general lighting is relatively new, still limited, and faces significant challenges before widespread adoption. Demand also fluctuates based on various market cycles, a continuously evolving LED industry supply chain, and demand dynamics in the market. These uncertainties make demand difficult to forecast for us and our customers.

 

   

Intense and Constantly Evolving Competitive Environment. Competition in the industry is intense and new companies have entered and are entering the LED market, with many companies making significant investments in LED production equipment. Product pricing pressures exist as market participants often undertake pricing strategies to gain or protect market share and to increase the utilization of their production capacity. To remain competitive, market participants must continuously increase product performance and reduce costs to offset lower average sales prices. To address this pricing pressure, we have invested in the development of 150mm wafer production, which is intended to reduce our costs of producing LED chips. Certain of our competitors also have announced the intention to produce, or have begun producing, LED chips using 150mm wafers.

 

   

Technological Innovation and Advancement. Innovations and advancements in LED technology continue to expand the potential commercial application of LEDs particularly in the general illumination market. However, new technologies or standards could emerge, or improvements could be made in existing technologies, that reduce or limit the demand for LEDs in certain markets.

 

   

Regulatory Actions Concerning Energy Efficiency. Many countries have already instituted or have announced plans to institute government regulations and programs designed to encourage or mandate increased energy efficiency, even in some cases banning forms of incandescent lighting, which are advancing the adoption of more energy efficient lighting solutions such as LEDs. While this trend is generally positive, there have been some political efforts in the United States to change or limit the effectiveness of these new regulations.

 

   

Intellectual Property Issues. Market participants rely on patented and non-patented proprietary information relating to product development, manufacturing capabilities and other core competencies of their business. Protection of intellectual property is critical. Therefore, steps such as additional patent applications, confidentiality and non-disclosure agreements, as well as other security measures are

 

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generally taken. To enforce or protect intellectual property rights, litigation or threatened litigation commonly occurs.

Fiscal 2011 Overview

The following is a summary of our financial results for the year ended June 26, 2011:

 

   

Our year over year revenues increased 14% to $987.6 million.

 

   

While gross margin percentage declined from 47% in fiscal 2010 to 44% in fiscal 2011, gross profit increased by $24.7 million.

 

   

We achieved operating income of $168.7 million in fiscal 2011 compared to $197.8 million in fiscal 2010. Net income per diluted share was $1.33 compared to $1.45 for fiscal 2010.

 

   

Combined cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments increased to $1,085.8 million at June 26, 2011 compared to $1,066.4 million at June 27, 2010.

 

   

Inventory increased to $176.5 million at June 26, 2011 compared to $112.2 million at June 27, 2010.

 

   

We spent $237.1 million on capital expenditures in fiscal 2011 compared to $168.6 million in fiscal 2010 as we continue to expand our manufacturing capacity.

Business Outlook

We project that the markets for our products will remain highly competitive during fiscal 2012. We anticipate focusing on the following key areas, among others, in response to this competitive environment:

 

   

Build on our market leadership and drive adoption of LED lighting. We are focused on developing innovative new LED lighting systems to drive adoption, and new LED components that enable our customers to deliver a more competitive payback versus traditional lighting. We recognize that our leadership in lighting systems can sometimes raise questions with our component customers, but we believe this product line has helped the Company set new standards in the market and disrupt the status quo in the lighting industry. We plan to continue to invest in these product lines to increase performance, enable lower lighting system costs with shorter paybacks (like our CR series downlights and troffers), and find new ways to drive the market and obsolete old, energy-wasting lighting technology.

 

   

Accelerate cost reductions and drive operational improvements to increase the profitability of our business. We target lower LED costs from the conversion to 150mm wafers, higher factory utilization, as well as yield and productivity improvements. We plan to lower LED lighting system costs with new product designs that are under development and we target improved operating leverage from higher revenues across our LED lighting systems and component product lines.

 

   

Expand the power and RF product line beyond niche applications. SiC power devices can deliver better performance and increased payback against silicon (Si) based power devices in applications where efficiency is an important criteria. We target continued investment in R&D for new diode and switch products focused on more mainstream and higher volume power switching applications. We are managing the product line through a slowdown in solar inverter demand, which we believe is a temporary market correction. We target the combination of new products, improved market demand and expanded sales coverage to drive growth in the product line.

Subsequent Event

On August 17, 2011, we entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement with all of the shareholders of Ruud Lighting, Inc. (Ruud). Pursuant to the terms of the Stock Purchase Agreement and concurrently with the execution of the Stock Purchase Agreement, we acquired all of the outstanding share capital of Ruud in exchange for consideration consisting of 6,074,833 shares of our common stock and $372.2 million cash, subject to certain post-closing adjustments. In connection with the stock purchase transaction with Ruud, we paid off Ruud’s outstanding debt in the aggregate amount of approximately $85 million.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth certain consolidated statement of income data for the periods indicated:

 

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     2011     2010     2009  

(in thousands, except per share amounts and percentages)

   Dollars      % of
Revenue
    Dollars      % of
Revenue
    Dollars      % of
Revenue
 

Revenue, net

   $ 987,615         100   $ 867,287         100   $ 567,255         100

Cost of revenue, net

     551,842         56     456,180         53     355,349         63
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Gross profit

     435,773         44     411,107         47     211,906         37
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Research and development

     115,035         12     81,407         9     71,363         13

Sales, general and administrative

     139,304         14     115,601         13     86,929         15

Amortization of acquisition related intangibles

     10,776         1     12,180         1     16,248         3

Loss on disposal or impairment of long-lived assets

     1,952         0     4,141         1     6,776         1
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Operating income

     168,706         17     197,778         23     30,590         5

Other non-operating income

     993         0     294         0     281         0

Interest income, net

     8,528         1     7,400         1     8,796         2
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income from continuing operations before income taxes

     178,227         18     205,472         24     39,667         7

Income tax expense

     31,727         3     53,182         6     9,017         2
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income from continuing operations

     146,500         15     152,290         18     30,650         5

Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax

     —           0     —           0     325         0
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income

   $ 146,500         15   $ 152,290         18   $ 30,325         5
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Diluted earnings per share

   $ 1.33         $ 1.45         $ 0.34      
  

 

 

      

 

 

      

 

 

    

Revenues

Revenues for fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009 were comprised of the following (in thousands, except percentages):

 

     Fiscal Years Ended     Year-Over-Year Change  
     June 26,
2011
    June 27,
2010
    June 28,
2009
    2010 to 2011     2009 to 2010  

LED products

   $ 889,991      $ 789,947      $ 524,318      $ 100,044         13   $ 265,629         51

Percent of revenue

     90     91     92          

Power and RF products

     97,624        77,340        42,937        20,284         26     34,403         80

Percent of revenue

     10     9     8          
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total revenue

   $ 987,615      $ 867,287      $ 567,255      $ 120,328         14   $ 300,032         53
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

LED Products

We derive the largest portion of our revenue from the sale of our LED products which comprised approximately 90%, 91%, and 92% of our total revenues for fiscal 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively. Revenues from our LED products were $890.0, $789.9, and $524.3 million for fiscal 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively.

Revenue from LED products increased approximately 13% to $890.0 million in fiscal 2011 from $789.9 million in fiscal 2010. This increase was driven by increased sales of LED components and LED lighting systems, partially offset by lower demand for LED chips and a more aggressive pricing environment. While individual LED product average selling prices (ASPs) declined year over year due to a more competitive pricing environment, the blended ASP for our LED products increased by 58% in fiscal 2011 compared to fiscal 2010. This increase was due to a shift in product mix to a higher proportion of revenues generated from sales of our LED components and LED lighting products versus our LED chips.

Revenue from our LED products increased $265.6 million or 51% to $789.9 million in fiscal 2010 as compared to $524.3 million in fiscal 2009. We experienced year over year sales growth across all of our LED products with sales of LED components driving the majority of the overall increase. The blended ASP for our LED products increased approximately 13% in fiscal 2010 as compared to fiscal 2009. This increase was due to a shift in product mix to a higher proportion of revenues generated from sales of our LED components and LED lighting products.

Power and RF Products

 

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Revenues from our power and RF products comprised approximately 10%, 9%, and 8% of our total revenues for fiscal 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively. Revenues from our power and RF products were $97.6, $77.3, and $42.9 million for fiscal 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively.

Revenue from power and RF increased approximately 26% to $97.6 million in fiscal 2011 from $77.3 million in fiscal 2010. The increase in our power and RF products revenue was primarily due to increased orders for SiC Schottky diodes and GaN MMICs.

Revenue from our power and RF products increased $34.4 million or 80% in fiscal 2010 as compared to fiscal 2009. The increase in our power and RF business was primarily due to an increase in orders for SiC Schottky diodes and GaN MMICs.

Gross Profit

Cost of revenue includes materials, labor and overhead costs incurred internally or paid to contract manufacturers to produce our products. Gross profit in dollars and gross margin were as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

 

     Fiscal Years Ended     Year-Over-Year Change  
     June 26,
2011
    June 27,
2010
    June 28,
2009
    2010 to 2011     2009 to 2010  

Total gross profit

   $ 435,773      $ 411,107      $ 211,906      $ 24,666         6   $ 199,201         94

Total gross margin

     44     47     37          

Total gross margin was 44%, 47%, and 37% for fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively and gross profit totaled $435.8 million, $411.1 million and $211.9 million for fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

Gross profit increased approximately 6% to $435.8 million in fiscal 2011 from $411.1 million in fiscal 2010. The increase in gross profit is primarily due to our higher revenue in fiscal 2011. For fiscal 2011 our gross margin decreased to 44% from 47% in fiscal 2010. Factors contributing to the decrease in gross margin were a more aggressive pricing environment and lower factory utilization.

Gross profit increased $199.2 million or 94% in fiscal 2010 as compared to fiscal 2009 and our gross margin increased to 47% from 37% over the same period. Factors contributing to the increase in gross margin were increased demand and better factory utilization, higher product yields, favorable pricing environment and the successful introduction of a number of new products.

Research and Development

Research and development expenses include costs associated with the development of new products, enhancements of existing products and general technology research. These costs consist primarily of employee salaries and related compensation costs, occupancy costs, consulting costs and the cost of development equipment and supplies.

The following sets forth our research and development expenses in dollars and as a percentage of revenues (in thousands, except percentages):

 

     Fiscal Years Ended     Year-Over-Year Change  
     June 26,
2011
    June 27,
2010
    June 28,
2009
    2010 to 2011     2009 to 2010  

Research and development

   $ 115,035      $ 81,407      $ 71,363      $ 33,628         41   $ 10,044         14

Percent of revenue

     12     9     13          

Research and development expenses in fiscal 2011 increased 41% to $115.0 million from $81.4 million in fiscal 2010. The increase was primarily due to increased spending to support the transition to 150mm wafer capabilities as well as continued research and development activities focused on new LED chips, LED components, LED lighting products, and power products. Our research and development expenses vary significantly from year to year based on a number of factors, including: the timing of new product introductions, timing of expenditures and the number and nature of our

 

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ongoing research and development activities. However, we anticipate that in general our research and development expenses will continue to increase over time to support future growth.

Research and development expenses increased 14% in fiscal 2010 to $81.4 million compared to $71.4 million in fiscal 2009. This increase was primarily due to our continued research and development activities focusing on brighter LED chips, new and improved LED components, new LED lighting products and larger wafer development.

Sales, General and Administrative

Sales, general and administrative expenses are composed primarily of costs associated with our sales and marketing personnel and our executive and administrative personnel (for example, legal, finance, information technology and human resources personnel) and consist of 1) salaries and related compensation costs, 2) consulting and other professional services (such as litigation and other outside legal counsel fees, audit and other compliance costs), 3) facilities and insurance costs, and 4) travel and other costs. The following table sets forth our sales, general and administrative expenses in dollars and as a percentage of revenues (in thousands, except percentages):

 

     Fiscal Years Ended     Year-Over-Year Change  
     June 26,
2011
    June 27,
2010
    June 28,
2009
    2010 to 2011     2009 to 2010  

Sales, general and administrative

   $ 139,304      $ 115,601      $ 86,929      $ 23,703         21   $ 28,672         33

Percent of revenue

     14     13     15          

Sales, general and administrative expenses in fiscal 2011 increased 21% to $139.3 million from $115.6 million in fiscal 2010. The increase in fiscal 2011 is primarily due to an increase in spending on sales and marketing as we expand our direct sales resources and channels and invest in building the Cree brand. Additionally, costs increased due to higher patent litigation expenses.

Sales, general and administrative expenses increased 33% in fiscal 2010 to $115.6 million compared to $86.9 million in fiscal 2009. The increase in costs in fiscal 2010 is primarily due to increased spending on sales and marketing as we expanded our sales channels and invested in building the Cree brand as well as one-time costs related to the settlement of the Neumark litigation. Additionally, costs increased due to the general expansion of our business and increased employee compensation costs.

Amortization of Acquisition Related Intangibles

As a result of our acquisitions, we have recorded various intangible assets, including customer relationships and developed technologies. During fiscal 2007, we acquired INTRINSIC Semiconductor Corporation and COTCO, resulting in $63.7 million of amortizable intangible assets principally composed of customer relationships and developed technology. In fiscal 2008, we acquired LLF, resulting in an additional $41.2 million of amortizable intangible assets. These intangible assets are principally composed of developed technology that specifically relates to technologies underlying the development of LED lighting products for the general illumination market. Amortization of intangible assets related to our acquisitions is as follows (in thousands, except percentages):

 

     Fiscal Years Ended      Year-Over-Year Change  
     June 26,
2011
     June 27,
2010
     June 28,
2009
     2010 to 2011     2009 to 2010  

INTRINSIC

   $ 745       $ 745       $ 745       $ —          0   $ —          0

COTCO

     6,932         8,290         12,358         (1,358   16     (4,068   33

LLF

     3,099         3,145         3,145         (46   1     —          0
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   $ 10,776       $ 12,180       $ 16,248       $ (1,404   12   $ (4,068   25
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss on Disposal or Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

We operate a capital intensive business. As such, we dispose of a certain level of our equipment in the normal course of business as our production processes change due to production improvement initiatives or product mix changes. Due to the risk of technological obsolescence or changes in our production process, we regularly review our equipment

 

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for possible impairments in value. The following table sets forth our loss on disposal or impairment of long-lived assets (in thousands, except percentages):

 

     Fiscal Years Ended     Year-Over-Year Change  
     June 26,
2011
    June 27,
2010
    June 28,
2009
    2010 to 2011     2009 to 2010  

Loss on disposal or impairment of long-lived assets, net

   $ 1,952      $ 4,141      $ 6,776      $ (2,189   53   $ (2,635   39

Percent of revenue

     0     1     1        

We recorded a net loss of $2.0 million on the disposal of long-lived assets in fiscal 2011 compared to a net loss of $4.1 million in fiscal 2010. The causes of the fiscal 2011 and fiscal 2010 net losses include the disposal of equipment due to manufacturing process changes and the impairment of certain capitalized patent costs.

We recorded a loss of $4.1 million on the disposal of long-lived assets in fiscal 2010 compared to a loss of $6.8 million in fiscal 2009. The fiscal 2009 loss is composed of losses due to the impairment of certain equipment due to manufacturing process changes, the impairment of capitalized patent costs and losses on the disposal of equipment.

Non-Operating Income

The following table sets forth our non-operating income (in thousands, except percentages):

 

     Fiscal Years Ended      Year-Over-Year Change  
     June 26,
2011
     June 27,
2010
     June 28,
2009
     2010 to 2011     2009 to 2010  

Other non-operating income

   $ 993       $ 294       $ 281       $ 699         238   $ 13        5

Interest income, net

     8,528         7,400         8,796         1,128         15     (1,396   16
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   $ 9,521       $ 7,694       $ 9,077       $ 1,827         24   $ (1,383   15
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

We have no debt or lines of credit and we are in a net interest income position. We have historically invested portions of our available cash in fixed interest rate securities such as high-grade corporate debt, commercial paper, government securities, municipal bonds, and other fixed interest rate investments. The primary objective of our investment policy is preservation of principal.

For fiscal 2011, 2010, and 2009, we did not have any significant gains or losses realized from the sale of our investments.

Net interest income was $8.5 million in fiscal 2011 compared to $7.4 million and $8.8 million in fiscal 2010 and 2009, respectively. Year over year changes in interest income are due to a combination of fluctuations in interest rates on our cash and investments and differences between the periods in our average cash and investment balances.

Other non-operating income, net, is comprised primarily of foreign exchange gains and losses.

 

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Income Tax Expense

The following table sets forth our income tax expense in dollars and our effective tax rate from continuing operations (in thousands, except percentages):

 

     Fiscal Years Ended     Year-Over-Year Change  
     June 26,
2011
    June 27,
2010
    June 28,
2009
    2010 to 2011     2009 to 2010  

Income tax expense

   $ 31,727      $ 53,182      $ 9,017      $ (21,455   40   $ 44,165         490

Effective tax rate on continuing operations

     18     26     23         

We recorded income tax expense of $31.7 million from continuing operations in fiscal 2011 as compared to income tax expense of $53.2 million in fiscal 2010. The decrease in the effective tax rate from 26% in fiscal 2010 to 18% in fiscal 2011 is primarily due to a change in the mix of pre-tax income from various tax jurisdictions, primarily mainland China and Hong Kong, and the new tax holiday in Malaysia with respect to our subcontract manufacturing and distribution operations. The increase in the effective tax rate from 23% in fiscal 2009 to 26% in fiscal 2010 was primarily due to the mix of pre-tax income from various tax jurisdictions. For further discussion of changes in our effective tax rate, please refer to Note 12, “Income Taxes,” in our consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report.

The variation between our effective tax rate and the U.S. statutory rate of 35% is primarily due to the consolidation of our foreign operations, which are generally subject to income taxes at lower statutory rates. A change in the mix of pretax income from these various tax jurisdictions can have a significant impact on our periodic effective tax rate. In addition, our effective tax rate may be negatively impacted by the lack of sufficient excess tax benefits (credits) that accumulate in our equity as additional paid-in-capital (APIC) and referred to as the “APIC pool” of credits. In situations where our realized tax deductions for certain stock based compensation awards, such as non-qualified stock options and restricted stock, are less than those originally anticipated, which accumulate in the APIC pool, U.S. GAAP requires that we record the difference as an increase to income tax expense.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Overview

We require cash to fund our operating expenses and working capital requirements, including outlays for research and development, capital expenditures, strategic acquisitions and investments. Our principal sources of liquidity are cash on hand, marketable investments and cash generated from operations. Our ability to generate cash from operations has been one of our fundamental strengths and has provided us with substantial flexibility in meeting our operating, financing and investing needs. We have no debt or lines of credit and have minimal lease commitments. Based on past performance and current expectations, we believe our cash and cash equivalents, investments, cash generated from operations and our ability to access capital markets will satisfy our working capital needs, capital expenditures, investment requirements, stock repurchases, contractual obligations, commitments and other liquidity requirements associated with our operations through at least the next 12 months.

From time to time, we evaluate strategic opportunities, including potential acquisitions, divestitures or investments in complementary businesses and we anticipate continuing to make such evaluations. We may also access

 

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capital markets through the issuance of new debt or additional shares of common stock in connection with the acquisition of complementary businesses or other significant assets or for other strategic opportunities.

Contractual Obligations

At June 26, 2011, payments to be made pursuant to significant contractual obligations are as follows (in thousands):

 

            Payments due by period  

Contractual Obligations

   Total      Less than
One Year
     One to
Three Years
     Three to
Five Years
     More Than
Five Years
 

Long-term debt obligations

   $ —         $ —         $ —         $ —         $ —     

Capital lease obligations

     —           —           —           —           —     

Operating lease obligations

     7,910         2,664         3,455         1,791         —     

Purchase obligations

     181,633         167,236         8,736         4,128         1,533   

Other long-term liabilities

     4,296         2,718         1,578         —           —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 193,839       $ 172,618       $ 13,769       $ 5,919       $ 1,533   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Operating leases include rental amounts due on leases of certain office and manufacturing space under the terms of non-cancelable operating leases. These leases expire at various times through November 2015. All of the lease agreements provide for rental adjustments for increases in base rent, property taxes and general property maintenance that would be recorded as rent expense, if applicable.

Purchase obligations generally relate to the purchase of goods and services in the ordinary course of business such as raw materials, supplies and capital equipment. Our purchase obligations represent authorizations to purchase rather than binding agreements.

Other long-term liabilities represents liabilities related to uncertain tax positions.

Financial Condition

The following table sets forth our cash, cash equivalents and investments (in thousands):

 

     June 26,
2011
     June 27,
2010
     Change  

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 390,598       $ 397,431       $ (6,833

Short-term investments

     695,199         668,974         26,225   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments

   $ 1,085,797       $ 1,066,405       $ 19,392   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Our liquidity and capital resources depend on our cash flows from operations and our working capital. Our working capital increased to $1,316.6 million as of June 26, 2011 from $1,235.1 million at June 27, 2010, primarily due to an increase in inventory. The following table presents the components of our cash conversion cycle:

 

     June 26,
2011
    June 27,
2010
    Change  

Days of sales outstanding (a)

     44        40        4   

Days of supply in inventory (b)

     106        76        30   

Days in accounts payable (c )

     (46     (43     (3
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash conversion cycle

     104        73        31   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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a) Days of sales outstanding (DSO) calculates the average collection period of our receivables. DSO is based on the ending net trade receivables and the revenue for the quarter then ended. DSO is calculated by adding ending accounts receivable, net of applicable allowances and reserves, and dividing that sum by the average net revenue per day for the respective quarter.

 

b) Days of supply in inventory (DSI) measures the average number of days from procurement to sale of our product. DSI is based on ending inventory and cost of goods sold for the quarter then ended. DSI is calculated by dividing inventory by average cost of goods sold per day for the respective quarter.

 

c) Days in accounts payable (DPO) calculates the average number of days our payables remain outstanding before payment. DPO is based on ending accounts payable and cost of goods sold for the quarter then ended. DPO is calculated by dividing accounts payable by the average cost of goods sold per day for the respective quarter.

Overall our cash conversion cycle, or days to cash, increased primarily due to an increase in inventory on hand. The increase in inventory is primarily related to our building product in response to a higher demand forecast than our actual results.

As of June 26, 2011, substantially all of our investments had investment grade ratings, and any such investments that were in an unrealized loss position at June 26, 2011 were in such position due to interest rate changes, sector credit rating changes or company-specific rating changes. As we intend and believe that we have the ability to hold such investments for a period of time that will be sufficient for anticipated recovery in market value, we currently expect to receive the full principal or recover our cost basis in these securities. When evaluating our investments for possible impairment, we review factors such as the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below our cost basis, the financial condition of the entity in which the investment is made, and our ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time that may be sufficient for anticipated recovery in market value. The declines in value of the securities in our portfolio are considered to be temporary in nature and, accordingly, we do not believe these securities are impaired as of June 26, 2011.

We believe our current working capital and anticipated cash flows from operations will be adequate to meet our cash needs for our daily operations and capital expenditures for fiscal 2012. We have and may continue to use a portion of our available cash and cash equivalents, or funds underlying our marketable securities, to repurchase shares of our common stock. With our strong working capital position, we believe that we have the ability to continue to invest in further development of our products and, when necessary or appropriate, make selective acquisitions or other strategic investments to strengthen our product portfolio, secure key intellectual properties, or expand our production capacity.

Cash Flows

In summary, our cash flows were as follows (in thousands):

 

     Fiscal Years Ended     Year-Over-Year Change  
     June 26,
2011
    June 27,
2010
    June 28,
2009
    2010 to 2011     2009 to 2010  

Cash provided by operating activities

   $ 251,380      $ 250,569      $ 177,919      $ 811      $ 72,650   

Cash used in investing activities

     (303,234     (763,387     (174,843     460,153        (588,544

Cash provided by financing activities

     44,546        619,799        24,651        (575,253     595,148   

Effect of foreign exchange changes

     475        296        794        179        (498
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents

   $ (6,833   $ 107,277      $ 28,521      $ (114,110   $ 78,756   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The following is a discussion of our primary sources and uses of cash in our operating, investing and financing activities.

 

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Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities was relatively unchanged year over year, from $250.6 million in fiscal 2010 to $251.4 million in fiscal 2011.

Cash provided by operating activities increased to $250.6 million in fiscal 2010 from $177.9 million in fiscal 2009. The increase is primarily due to higher year over year net income, offset in part due to larger receivable and inventory balances to support higher sales volumes.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Our investing activities primarily relate to transactions within our investments, strategic acquisitions, purchase of property, plant and equipment and purchase of patent and license rights. Net cash used in investing activities was $303.2 million for fiscal 2011 compared to $763.4 million for fiscal 2010. This year over year decrease was primarily the result of an overall net decrease in short term investment purchase activity and payment of contingent consideration related to our COTCO acquisition. This decrease was partially offset by an increase in our current year capital expenditures for property, plant and equipment to expand our global production capacity and proceeds from maturities of investments.

Net cash used in investing activities was $763.4 million for fiscal 2010 compared to $174.8 million for fiscal 2009. This year over year increase was primarily due to an increase in cash available for investments as a result of the issuance and sale of 12.65 million shares of common stock, with net proceeds of approximately $434 million and a year over year increase in the amount of cash received from employee stock option exercises. In addition, we increased capital expenditures to expand our manufacturing capacity to meet the needs of our anticipated growth.

We will continue to closely monitor our capital expenditures, while making strategic investments to develop our existing products, pursue strategic initiatives where appropriate and invest in our manufacturing and information technology infrastructure to meet the needs of our business. We target committing capital of approximately $160 million in fiscal 2012 for capital expenditures.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $44.5 million for fiscal 2011 compared to $619.8 million for fiscal 2010. This year over year decrease was primarily related to our sale of 12.65 million shares of our common stock in a follow-on public offering during fiscal 2010, with net proceeds of approximately $434 million.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $619.8 million for fiscal 2010 compared to $24.7 million for fiscal 2009. This year over year increase was primarily due to the issuance and sale of 12.65 million shares of common stock, with net proceeds of approximately $434 million and a year over year increase in the amount of cash received from employee stock option exercises.

As of June 26, 2011, up to $200 million of our common stock remained approved for repurchase under the repurchase program authorized by our Board of Directors. Since the inception of our stock repurchase program, we have repurchased approximately 9.8 million shares of our common stock. At the discretion of our management, the repurchase program can be implemented through open market or privately negotiated transactions. We will determine the time and extent of repurchases based on our evaluation of market conditions and other factors.

Fair Value

Under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (U.S. GAAP), fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., “the exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. U.S. GAAP also establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are obtained from independent sources and can be validated by a third party, whereas, unobservable inputs reflect assumptions regarding what a third

 

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party would use in pricing an asset or liability. The fair value hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs as follows:

 

   

Level 1 - Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments that we are able to access. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these products does not entail a significant degree of judgment.

 

   

Level 2 - Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for instruments that are similar, or quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar instruments, and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets.

 

   

Level 3 - Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

The financial assets for which we perform recurring fair value remeasurements are cash equivalents and short-term investments. The financial assets for which we may be required to perform non-recurring fair value remeasurements (e.g., an impairment of assets) are any investments in privately-held companies. As of June 26, 2011, financial assets utilizing Level 1 inputs included money market funds. Financial assets utilizing Level 2 inputs included corporate bonds, municipal bonds, certificates of deposit, variable rate demand notes, non-U.S. government securities, commercial paper, and U.S. agency securities. Level 2 assets are valued using a third-party pricing services consensus price which is a weighted average price based on multiple sources. These sources determine prices utilizing market income models which factor in, where applicable, transactions of similar assets in active markets, transactions of identical assets in infrequent markets, interest rates, bond or credit default swap spreads and volatility. We do not have any significant financial assets requiring the use of Level 3 inputs. Please refer to Note 6, “Fair Value of Financial Instruments” to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report for further information.

Financial and Market Risks

We are exposed to financial and market risks, including changes in interest rates, currency exchange rates and commodities risk. We currently do not use derivative financial instruments to mitigate any of these risks; however, we may choose to do so in the future. All of the potential changes noted below are based on sensitivity analyses performed on our financial positions at June 26, 2011 and June 27, 2010. Actual results may differ materially.

Interest Rates

We maintain an investment portfolio principally composed of high-grade corporate debt, commercial paper, government securities, and other investments at fixed interest rates that vary by security. In order to minimize risk, our cash management policy permits us to acquire investments rated “AA” grade or better. The potential loss in fair value resulting from a hypothetical 10% decrease in quoted market price of our investments was approximately $69.5 million at June 26, 2011 and $66.9 million at June 27, 2010.

Currency Exchange Rates

As we operate internationally and have transactions denominated in foreign currencies, we are exposed to currency exchange rate risks. As a result, fluctuations in exchange rates may adversely affect our expenses and results of operations as well as the value of our assets and liabilities. Our primary exposures relate to the exchange rates between the U.S. Dollar and the Chinese Renminbi (CNY). The potential loss in fair value resulting from a hypothetical 10% increase in the value of the U.S. Dollar compared to the Chinese Renminbi was approximately $2.6 million at June 26, 2011 and $1.7 million at June 27, 2010.

 

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Commodities

We utilize significant amounts of precious metals, gasses and other commodities in our manufacturing processes. General economic conditions, market specific changes or other factors outside of our control may affect the pricing of these commodities. We do not use financial instruments to hedge commodity prices.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not use off-balance sheet arrangements with unconsolidated entities or related parties, nor do we use other forms of off-balance sheet arrangements. Accordingly, our liquidity and capital resources are not subject to off-balance sheet risks from unconsolidated entities. As of June 26, 2011, we did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of SEC Regulation S-K.

We have entered into operating leases primarily for certain of our U.S. and international facilities in the normal course of business. These arrangements are often referred to as a form of off-balance-sheet financing. Future minimum lease payments under our operating leases as of June 26, 2011 are detailed above in “Liquidity and Capital Resources” in the section entitled “Contractual Obligations.”

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In the application of U.S. GAAP we are required to make estimates that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities in our consolidated financial statements. Changes in the accounting estimates from period to period are reasonably likely to occur. Accordingly, actual results could differ significantly from the estimates made by management. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, our future financial statement presentation of our financial condition or results of operations may be affected.

On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, valuation of stock based compensation, valuation of long-lived assets, tax related contingencies, valuation of inventories, contingencies and litigation, among others. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions, including expected trends, that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.

In addition to making critical accounting estimates, we must ensure that our financial statements are properly stated in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by U.S. GAAP and does not require a high degree of management judgment in its application, while in other cases, management’s judgment is required in selecting among available alternative accounting standards that allow different accounting treatment for similar transactions.

Our significant accounting policies are discussed in Note 2, “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” to the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of this Annual Report. We believe that the following are our most critical accounting policies and estimates, each of which is critical to the portrayal of our financial condition and results of operations and requires our most difficult, subjective and complex judgments. Our management has reviewed our critical accounting policies and the related disclosures with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize product revenue when the earnings process is complete, as evidenced by persuasive evidence of an arrangement, typically in the form of a purchase order, when the sales price is fixed or determinable, collection of revenue

 

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is reasonably assured, and title and risk of loss have passed to the customer.

For the year ended June 26, 2011, 44% of our product sales were made to distributors. Distributors stock inventory and sell our products to their own customer base, which may include: value added resellers; manufacturers who incorporate our products into their own manufactured goods; or ultimate end users of our products. We recognize revenue upon shipment of our products to our distributors. This arrangement is often referred to as a “sell-in” or “point-of-purchase” model as opposed to a “sell-through” or “point-of-sale” model, where revenue is deferred and not recognized until the distributor sells the product through to their customer.

Our distributors may be provided limited rights that allow them to return a portion of inventory (Product Exchange Rights or Stock Rotation Rights) and receive credits for changes in selling prices (Price Protection Rights) or other targeted sales incentives. When determining our net revenue, we make significant judgments and estimates corresponding with product shipments. We record a reserve for estimated future returns, changes in selling prices, and other targeted sales incentives when product ships. We also record an asset for the estimated value of product returns that we believe will be returned to inventory in the future and resold, and these estimates are based upon historical data, current economic trends, distributor inventory levels and other related factors. Our financial condition and operating results are dependent upon our ability to make reliable estimates. Actual results may vary and could have a significant impact on our operating results.

Inventories

We write-down our inventory for estimated obsolescence equal to the difference between the cost of inventory and its estimated market value based upon an aging analysis of the inventory on hand, specifically known inventory-related risks (such as technological obsolescence), and assumptions about future demand. We also analyze sales levels by product type, including historical and estimated future customer demand for those products to determine if any additional reserves are appropriate. For example, we adjust for items that are considered obsolete based upon changes in customer demand, manufacturing process changes or new product introductions that may eliminate demand for the product. Any adjustment to our inventory as a result of an estimated obsolescence or net realizable condition is reflected as a component of our cost of sales. At the point of the loss recognition, a new, lower-cost basis for that inventory is established, and any subsequent improvements in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis.

In order to determine what costs can be included in the valuation of inventory, we determine normal capacity for our manufacturing facilities based on historical patterns. If our estimates regarding customer demand are inaccurate, or market conditions or technology change in ways that are less favorable than those projected by management, we may be required to take excess capacity charges in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which could have an adverse effect on our consolidated financial results.

Deferred Tax Asset Valuation Allowances

In assessing the adequacy of a recorded valuation allowance, we consider all positive and negative evidence and a variety of factors including historical and projected future taxable income and prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. When we establish or increase a valuation allowance, our income tax expense increases in the period such determination is made. If we decrease a valuation allowance, our income tax expense decreases in the period such a determination is made.

Tax Contingencies

We are subject to periodic audits of our income tax returns by federal, state and local agencies. The audits include questions regarding our tax filing positions, including the timing and amount of deductions and the allocation of income among various tax jurisdictions. In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification Topic 740, “Income Taxes” (ASC 740), we evaluate the exposures associated with our various tax filing positions. ASC 740 states that a tax benefit should not be recognized for financial statement purposes for an uncertain tax filing position where it is not more likely than not (likelihood of greater than 50%) for being sustained by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits of the position.

In accordance with the provisions of ASC 740, we have recorded unrecognized tax benefits (as a reduction to the deferred tax asset or as an increase to other liabilities) to remove some or all of the tax benefit of any of our tax positions at the time we determine that the positions become uncertain based upon one of the following: (1) the tax position is not “more likely than not” to be sustained, (2) the tax position is “more likely than not” to be sustained, but for a lesser amount, (3) the tax position is “more likely than not” to be sustained, but not in the financial period in which the tax position was originally taken. For purposes of evaluating whether or not a tax position is uncertain, (1) we presume the tax position will be examined by the relevant taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information, (2) the technical merits of a tax position are derived from authorities such as legislation and statutes, legislative intent, regulations, rulings and case law and their applicability to the facts and circumstances of the tax position, and (3) each tax position is evaluated without considerations of the possibility of offset or aggregation with other tax positions taken. We adjust these unrecognized tax benefits, including any impact on the related interest and penalties, in light of changing facts and circumstances, such as the progress of a tax audit.

A number of years may elapse before a particular matter for which we have established an unrecognized tax benefit is audited and fully resolved. To the extent we prevail in matters for which we have recorded an unrecognized benefit or are required to pay amounts in excess of what we have recorded our effective tax rate in a given financial statement period could be materially affected. An unfavorable tax settlement might require use of our cash and/or result in an increase in our effective tax rate in the year of resolution. A favorable tax settlement would be recognized as a reduction in our effective tax rate in the year of resolution.

Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation

We account for awards of stock-based compensation under our employee stock-based compensation plans using the fair value method. Accordingly, we estimate the grant date fair value of our stock-based awards and amortize this fair value to compensation expense over the requisite service period or vesting term. To estimate the fair value of our stock option awards we currently use the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The determination of the fair value of stock-based awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model is affected by our then current stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include the expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends.

Due to the inherent limitations of option-valuation models available today, including future events that are unpredictable and the estimation process utilized in determining the valuation of the stock-based awards, the ultimate value realized by award holders may vary significantly from the amounts expensed in our financial statements. For restricted stock awards, grant date fair value is based upon the market price of our common stock on the date of the grant. This fair value is then amortized to compensation expense over the requisite service period or vesting term.

We estimate expected forfeitures at the time of grant and revise this estimate, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from initial estimates. Our determination of an estimated forfeiture rate is primarily based upon a review of historical experience but may also include consideration of other facts and circumstances we believe are indicative of future activity. The assessment of an estimated forfeiture rate will not alter the total compensation expense to be recognized, only the timing of this recognition as compensation expense is adjusted to reflect instruments that actually vest.

If actual results are not consistent with our assumptions and judgments used in estimating key assumptions, we may be required to adjust compensation expense, which could be material to our results of operations.

Recoverability of Long-Lived Assets

 

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Our assessment of the recoverability of long-lived assets involves significant judgment and estimation. These assessments reflect our assumptions, which, we believe, are consistent with the assumptions hypothetical marketplace participants use. Factors that we must estimate when performing recoverability and impairment tests include, among others, the economic life of the asset, sales volumes, prices, cost of capital, tax rates, and capital spending. These factors are often interdependent and therefore do not change in isolation.

We evaluate long-lived assets such as property, equipment and definite lived intangible assets, such as patents, for impairment whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets recorded in our financial statements may not be recoverable. Factors that we consider include whether there has been a significant decrease in the market value of an asset, a significant change in the way an asset is being used, or a significant change, delay or departure in our strategy for that asset. If impairment is indicated we first determine if the total estimated future cash flows on an undiscounted basis are less than the carrying amounts of the asset or assets. If so, an impairment loss is measured and recorded.

After an impairment loss is recognized, a new, lower cost basis for that long-lived asset is established. Subsequent changes in facts and circumstances do not result in the reversal of a previously recognized impairment loss.

Our impairment loss calculations require that we apply judgment in estimating future cash flows and asset fair values, including estimating useful lives of the assets. To make these judgments, we may use internal discounted cash flow estimates, quoted market prices when available and independent appraisals as appropriate to determine fair value.

If actual results are not consistent with our assumptions and judgments used in estimating future cash flows and asset fair values, we may be required to record additional impairment losses that could be material to our results of operations.

Goodwill

We test goodwill for impairment at least annually and more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events that may indicate potential impairment. We evaluate goodwill for impairment at a reporting unit level using a two-step process. The first step compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying value. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying value, no impairment is recorded. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, the second step of the impairment analysis is performed. The second step is used to measure the amount of the impairment loss and compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill. If the carrying amount exceeds the implied fair value of the goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized for the excess. However, it should be noted that the loss recognized shall not be in excess of the carrying amount. Once a goodwill impairment loss is recognized, the adjusted carrying value shall be its new accounting basis.

 

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Contingent Liabilities

We provide for contingent liabilities in accordance with U.S. GAAP. In accordance with U.S. GAAP, a loss contingency is charged to income when (1) it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred at the date of the financial statements, and (2) the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.

Periodically, we review the status of each significant matter to assess the potential financial exposure. If a potential loss is considered probable and the amount can be reasonably estimated, we reflect the estimated loss in our results of operations. Significant judgment is required to determine the probability that a liability has been incurred or an asset impaired and whether such loss is reasonably estimable. Because of uncertainties related to these matters, accruals are based on the best information available at the time. Further, estimates of this nature are highly subjective, and the final

 

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outcome of these matters could vary significantly from the amounts that have been included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. In determining the probability of an unfavorable outcome of a particular contingent liability and whether such liability is reasonably estimable, we consider the individual facts and circumstances related to the liability, opinions of legal counsel and recent legal rulings by the appropriate regulatory bodies, among other factors. As additional information becomes available, we reassesses the potential liability related to our pending claims and litigation and may revise our estimates accordingly. Such revisions in the estimates of the potential liabilities could have a material impact on our results of operations and financial position. See also a discussion of specific contingencies in Note 13, “Commitments and Contingencies,” to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Annual Report.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2, “Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of this Annual Report for a description of recent accounting pronouncements, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects, if any, on our consolidated financial statements.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

See the section entitled “Financial and Market Risks” included in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in Item 7 of this Annual Report.

 

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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

     Page  

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

     41   

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 26, 2011 and June 27, 2010

     42   

Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended June 26, 2011, June  27, 2010 and June 28, 2009

     43   

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended June 26, 2011, June  27, 2010 and June 28, 2009

     44   

Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended June 26, 2011, June  27, 2010 and June 28, 2009

     45   

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

     46   

 

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The Board of Directors and Shareholders of Cree, Inc.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Cree, Inc. as of June 26, 2011 and June 27, 2010, and the related consolidated statements of income, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 26, 2011. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Cree, Inc. at June 26, 2011 and June 27, 2010, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended June 26, 2011, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Cree, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of June 26, 2011, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated August 17, 2011 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Raleigh, North Carolina

August 17, 2011

 

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CREE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

     June 26, 2011      June 27, 2010  
     (Thousands, except par value)  

ASSETS

     

Current assets:

     

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 390,598       $ 397,431   

Short-term investments

     695,199         668,974   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total cash, cash equivalents, and short-term investments

     1,085,797         1,066,405   

Accounts receivable, net

     118,469         117,535   

Income tax receivable

     6,796         —     

Inventories

     176,482         112,241   

Deferred income taxes

     17,857         18,823   

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     51,494         40,159   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total current assets

     1,456,895         1,355,163   

Property and equipment, net

     555,929         419,726   

Intangible assets, net

     102,860         106,109   

Goodwill

     326,178         313,019   

Other assets

     4,860         5,159   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 2,446,722       $ 2,199,176   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

     

Current liabilities:

     

Accounts payable, trade

   $ 76,593       $ 63,826   

Accrued salaries and wages

     18,491         26,247   

Income taxes payable

     15,493         14,375   

Other current liabilities

     29,739         15,643   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

     140,316         120,091   

Long-term liabilities:

     

Deferred income taxes

     21,902         39,398   

Other long-term liabilities

     22,940         11,639   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total long-term liabilities

     44,842         51,037   

Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)

     

Shareholders’ equity:

     

Preferred stock, par value $0.01; 3,000 shares authorized at June 26, 2011 and June 27, 2010; none issued and outstanding

     —           —     

Common stock, par value $0.00125; 200,000 shares authorized at June 26, 2011 and June 27, 2010; 109,607 and 108,002 shares issued and outstanding at June 26, 2011 and June 27, 2010, respectively

     136         135   

Additional paid-in-capital

     1,593,530         1,507,435   

Accumulated other comprehensive income, net of taxes

     13,091         12,171   

Retained earnings

     654,807         508,307   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total shareholders’ equity

     2,261,564         2,028,048   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

   $ 2,446,722       $ 2,199,176   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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CREE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

 

     Fiscal Years Ended  
     June 26,
2011
     June 27,
2010
     June 28,
2009
 
     (Thousands, except per share data)  

Revenue, net

   $ 987,615       $ 867,287       $ 567,255   

Cost of revenue, net

     551,842         456,180         355,349   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Gross profit

     435,773         411,107         211,906   

Operating expenses:

        

Research and development

     115,035         81,407         71,363   

Sales, general and administrative

     139,304         115,601         86,929   

Amortization of acquisition related intangibles

     10,776         12,180         16,248   

Loss on disposal or impairment of long-lived assets

     1,952         4,141         6,776   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

     267,067         213,329         181,316   

Operating income

     168,706         197,778         30,590   

Non-operating income:

        

Other non-operating income

     993         294         281   

Interest income, net

     8,528         7,400         8,796   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income from continuing operations before income taxes

     178,227         205,472         39,667   

Income tax expense

     31,727         53,182         9,017   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income from continuing operations

   $ 146,500       $ 152,290       $ 30,650   

Loss from discontinued operations, net of tax

     —           —           325   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income

   $ 146,500       $ 152,290       $ 30,325   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Earnings (loss) per share:

        

Basic:

        

Income from continuing operations

   $ 1.35       $ 1.49       $ 0.35   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loss from discontinued operations

   $ —         $ —         $ .01   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income

   $ 1.35       $ 1.49       $ 0.34   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Diluted:

        

Income from continuing operations

   $ 1.33       $ 1.45       $ 0.34   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Loss from discontinued operations

   $ —         $ —         $ —     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income

   $ 1.33       $ 1.45       $ 0.34   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Shares used in per share calculation:

        

Basic

     108,522         102,371         88,263   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Diluted

     110,035         104,698         89,081   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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CREE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

     Fiscal Years Ended  
     June 26,
2011
    June 27,
2010
    June 28,
2009
 
     (In thousands)  

Cash flows from operating activities:

      

Net income

   $ 146,500      $ 152,290      $ 30,325   

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities

      

Depreciation and amortization

     108,605        90,424        96,564   

Stock-based compensation

     38,240        24,067        21,112   

Excess tax benefit from share-based payment arrangements

     (10,141     (21,722     (714

Loss on disposal or impairment of long-lived assets

     1,952        4,141        6,776   

Amortization of premium/discount on investments

     15,696        9,502        1,825   

Deferred income taxes

     (16,308     (11,046     (10,762

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

      

Accounts receivable

     (963     (14,555     7,257   

Inventories

     (63,450     (33,129     820   

Prepaid expenses and other assets

     (17,090     (18,084     14,585   

Accounts payable, trade

     18,442        15,717        1,348   

Accrued salaries and wages and other liabilities

     29,897        52,964        8,783   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

     251,380        250,569        177,919   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from investing activities:

      

Purchases of property and equipment

     (237,085     (168,624     (55,283

Payment of COTCO contingent consideration

     —          (57,050     (60,000

Payment of LLF contingent consideration

     (13,159     (8,773     (4,386

Purchases of investments

     (382,520     (660,823     (217,059

Proceeds from maturities of investments

     252,603        121,808        134,561   

Proceeds from sale of property and equipment

     205        228        169   

Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale investments

     89,474        19,120        35,815   

Purchases of patent and licensing rights

     (12,752     (9,273     (8,660
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

     (303,234     (763,387     (174,843
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities:

      

Net proceeds from issuance of common stock

     34,405        598,077        26,681   

Excess tax benefit from share-based payment arrangements

     10,141        21,722        714   

Repurchases of common stock

     —          —          (2,744
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

     44,546        619,799        24,651   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Effect of foreign exchange changes on cash and cash equivalents

     475        296        794   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

     (6,833     107,277        28,521   

Cash and cash equivalents:

      

Beginning of period

     397,431        290,154        261,633   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

End of period

   $ 390,598      $ 397,431      $ 290,154   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

      

Cash paid for income taxes

   $ 31,201      $ 33,441      $ 13,496   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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CREE, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

 

     Common Stock      Additional
Paid-in
Capital
    Retained
Earnings
     Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
     Total
Shareholders’
Equity
 
     Number
of Shares
    Par Value             
     (In thousands)  

Balance at June 29, 2008

     88,088      $ 110       $ 811,015      $ 325,692       $ 8,923       $ 1,145,740   

Net income

     —          —           —          30,325         —           30,325   

Currency translation gain

     —          —           —          —           607         607   

Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net of tax of $1,268

     —          —           —          —           1,706         1,706   
               

 

 

 

Comprehensive income

                  32,638   

Income tax benefits from stock option exercises

     —          —           2,381        —           —           2,381   

Stock-based compensation

     —          —           20,580        —           —           20,580   

Exercise of stock options and issuance of shares

     1,701        2         26,151        —           —           26,153   

Repurchase of common stock

     (130     —           (2,744     —           —           (2,744
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance at June 28, 2009

     89,659      $ 112       $ 857,383      $ 356,017       $ 11,236       $ 1,224,748   

Net income

     —          —           —          152,290         —           152,290   

Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net of tax of $591

     —          —           —          —           935         935   
               

 

 

 

Comprehensive income

                  153,225   

Income tax benefits from stock option exercises

     —          —           28,810        —           —           28,810   

Stock-based compensation

     —          —           24,271        —           —           24,271   

Exercise of stock options and issuance of shares

     18,343        23         596,971        —           —           596,994   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance at June 27, 2010

     108,002      $ 135       $ 1,507,435      $ 508,307       $ 12,171       $ 2,028,048   

Net income

     —          —           —          146,500         —           146,500   

Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net of tax of $558

     —          —           —          —           920         920   
               

 

 

 

Comprehensive income

                  147,420   

Income tax benefits from stock option exercises

     —          —           7,865        —           —           7,865   

Stock-based compensation

     —          —           39,061        —           —           39,061   

Exercise of stock options and issuance of shares

     1,605        1         39,169        —           —           39,170   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance at June 26, 2011

     109,607      $ 136       $ 1,593,530      $ 654,807       $ 13,091       $ 2,261,564   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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CREE, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1 – Business

Cree, Inc. (the “Company”) is a leading innovator of lighting-class light emitting diodes (LEDs), LED lighting and semiconductor solutions for wireless and power applications. The Company’s solutions are driving improvements in applications such as general illumination, video displays, automotive, electronic signs and signals, variable-speed motors and wireless systems.

The Company develops and manufactures semiconductor materials and devices primarily based on silicon carbide (SiC), gallium nitride (GaN) and related compounds. The physical and electronic properties of SiC and GaN offer technical advantages over traditional silicon, gallium arsenide (GaAs), sapphire and other materials used for certain electronic applications.

The Company’s LED products consist of LED chips, LED components, LED lighting products and SiC wafers. As the Company develops and improves its LED technology and the market continues to focus on energy efficiency, the Company believes the potential market for LED lighting will continue to expand. The Company’s success in selling LED products depends upon its ability to drive adoption and offer innovative products and solutions that enable its customers to succeed in the market. By driving adoption the Company believes it can influence the direction of the market and open more opportunities for LEDs.

In addition, the Company develops, manufactures and sells power and radio frequency (RF) products, such as power rectifiers and RF devices. Power rectifiers are made from SiC and provide faster switching speeds than comparable silicon-based power devices. RF devices are made from SiC or GaN and produce higher power densities as compared to silicon or gallium arsenide.

The majority of the Company’s products are manufactured at production facilities located in North Carolina and China. The Company also uses contract manufacturers for certain aspects of product fabrication and packaging. The Company operates research and development facilities in North Carolina, California and China.

Note 2 – Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All material intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Fiscal Year

The Company’s fiscal year is a 52 or 53-week period ending on the last Sunday in the month of June. The Company’s 2011 fiscal year extended from June 28, 2010 to June 26, 2011 and was a 52-week fiscal year. The Company’s 2010 fiscal year extended from June 29, 2009 to June 27, 2010 and was a 52-week fiscal year. The Company’s 2009 fiscal year extended from June 30, 2008 to June 28, 2009 and was a 52-week fiscal year. The Company’s 2012 fiscal year will extend from June 27, 2011 to June 24, 2012 and will be a 52-week fiscal year.

 

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Reclassifications

Certain prior period amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported net income or shareholders’ equity.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates its estimates, including those related to revenue recognition, provision for doubtful accounts, sales returns, sales price discounts and incentives, provision for inventory obsolescence, fair value of investments, fair value of acquired intangible assets and goodwill, useful lives of intangible assets and property and equipment, income taxes, product warranty obligations, employee stock options, and contingencies and litigation, among others. The Company generally bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual amounts could differ from those estimates.

Segment Information

The Company follows U.S. GAAP with respect to disclosures regarding reportable segments. U.S. GAAP requires segmentation based on an entity’s internal organization and reporting of revenue and operating income based upon internal accounting methods commonly referred to as the “management approach.” Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, or decision making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its Chief Executive Officer. The Company has determined that it currently operates as one reportable segment.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of unrestricted cash accounts and highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased. Cash and cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. The Company holds cash and cash equivalents at several major financial institutions, which often exceed insurance limits set by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). The Company has not historically experienced any losses due to such concentration of credit risk.

Investments

Investments in certain securities may be classified into three categories:

 

   

Held-to-Maturity – Debt securities that the entity has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are reported at amortized cost.

 

   

Trading Securities – Debt and equity securities that are bought and held principally for the purpose of selling in the near term are reported at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses included in earnings.

 

   

Available-for-Sale – Debt and equity securities not classified as either securities held-to-maturity or trading securities are reported at fair value with unrealized gains or losses excluded from earnings and reported as a separate component of shareholders’ equity.

The Company reassesses the appropriateness of the classification (i.e. held-to-maturity, trading securities, or available-for-sale) of its investments at the end of each reporting period.

When the fair value of an investment declines below its original cost, the Company considers all available evidence to evaluate whether the decline is other-than-temporary. Among other things, the Company considers the duration and extent of the decline and economic factors influencing the markets. To date, the Company has had no such other-than-temporary declines below cost basis. The Company utilizes specific identification in computing realized gains

 

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and losses on the sale of investments. Realized gains and losses on investments are reported in other income and expense. Investments in marketable securities with maturities beyond one year may be classified as short term based on their highly liquid nature and because such marketable securities represent the investment of cash that is available for current operations.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market value, with cost being determined on the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) method or the average cost method. The Company writes down its inventory balances for estimates of excess and obsolete amounts. These write-downs are recorded as a component of cost of sales. At the point of the write-down, a new, lower-cost basis for that inventory is established, and any subsequent improvements in facts and circumstances do not result in the restoration or increase in that newly established cost basis. The Company recorded charges for write-downs in inventory of $14.6 million, $16.2 million and $11.7 million, for fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are recorded at cost and depreciated on a straight-line basis over the assets’ estimated useful lives. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the lesser of the asset life or the life of the related lease. In general, the useful lives are as follows:

 

Manufacturing equipment

   3 to 5 years

Buildings and building improvements

   5 to 40 years

Furniture and office equipment

   3 to 5 years

Leasehold improvements

   Shorter of estimated useful life or lease term

Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are charged to expense as incurred. The costs for major renewals and improvements are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. The cost and related accumulated depreciation of the assets are removed from the accounts upon disposition and any resulting gain or loss is reflected in operations.

Shipping and Handling Costs

Shipping and handling costs are included in cost of revenues and are recognized as a period expense during the period in which they are incurred.

Intangible Assets and Goodwill

The Company records the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations at their respective fair values at the date of acquisition, with any excess purchase price recorded as goodwill. Valuation of intangible assets and in-process research and development entails significant estimates and assumptions including, but not limited to, determining the timing and expected costs to complete development projects, estimating future cash flows from product sales, developing appropriate discount rates, estimating probability rates for the successful completion of development projects, continuation of customer relationships and renewal of customer contracts, and approximating the useful lives of the intangible assets acquired.

Patent rights reflect costs incurred by the Company in applying for and maintaining patents owned by the Company and in purchasing patents and related rights from third parties. License rights reflect costs incurred by the Company in acquiring licenses under patents owned by others. The Company amortizes both on a straight-line basis over the expected useful life of the associated patent rights, which is generally the lesser of 20 years from the date of the patent application or the license period. Royalties payable under licenses for patents owned by others are expensed as incurred.

U.S. GAAP requires that intangible assets other than goodwill with an indefinite life should not be amortized until their life is determined to be finite, and all other intangible assets must be amortized over their useful lives. The Company is currently amortizing its acquired intangible assets with definite lives over periods ranging from one to fourteen years.

The Company tests goodwill for impairment at the reporting unit level at least annually and potentially more frequently upon the occurrence of certain events. Goodwill is tested for impairment annually on the first business day of each fiscal April using a two-step process. First, the Company determines if the carrying amount of any of its reporting

 

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units exceeds its fair value (determined using discounted cash flows or market multiples based on revenues), which would indicate a potential impairment of goodwill associated with that reporting unit. If the Company determines that a potential impairment of goodwill exists, it then compares the implied fair value of the goodwill associated with the respective reporting unit, to its carrying amount to determine if there is an impairment loss.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews long-lived assets such as property, equipment, definite lived intangible assets and patents for impairment based on changes in circumstances that indicate their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. In making these determinations, the Company uses certain assumptions, including but not limited to: (1) estimations of the fair market value of the assets, and (2) estimations of future cash flows expected to be generated by these assets, which are based on additional assumptions such as asset utilization, length of service the asset will be used in the Company’s operations and estimated salvage values. The Company also reviews its capitalized patent portfolio and records impairment charges when circumstances warrant, such as when patents have been abandoned or are no longer being pursued.

Contingent Liabilities

The Company provides for contingent liabilities when (1) it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred at the date of the financial statements and (2) the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Disclosure in the notes to the financial statements is required for loss contingencies that do not meet both these conditions if there is a reasonable possibility that a loss may have been incurred. See Note 13, “Commitments and Contingencies,” for a discussion of loss contingencies in connection with pending and threatened litigation. The Company expenses as incurred the costs of defending legal claims against the Company.

Revenue Recognition

The Company recognizes product revenue when the earnings process is complete, as evidenced by persuasive evidence of an arrangement, typically in the form of a purchase order, when the sales price is fixed or determinable, collection of revenue is reasonably assured, and title and risk of loss have passed to the customer.

The Company provides its customers with limited rights of return for non-conforming shipments and product warranty claims. The Company estimates an allowance for anticipated sales returns based upon an analysis of historical sales returns and other relevant data. The Company records an allowance at the time of sale, which is recorded as a reduction of product revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Income and as a reduction to accounts receivable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

A substantial portion of the Company’s products are sold through distributors. Distributors stock inventory and sell the Company’s products to their own customer base, which may include: value added resellers; manufacturers who incorporate the Company’s products into their own manufactured goods; or ultimate end users of the Company’s products. The Company recognizes revenue under the same terms as described. Certain of the Company’s distributors are provided limited rights that allow them to return a portion of inventory (Product Exchange Rights or Stock Rotation Rights) and receive credits for changes in selling prices (Price Protection Rights) and targeted customer pricing arrangements under our “ship and debit” program. These estimates are calculated based upon historical experience, product shipment analysis, current economic conditions, on-hand inventory at the distributor, and customer contractual arrangements. The Company believes that it can reasonably and reliably estimate the allowance for distributor credits at the time of sale. Accordingly, estimates for these rights are recorded at the time of sale as a reduction of product revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Income and as a reduction to accounts receivable in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

On occasion, the Company will issue a new price book for its product, at which time the Company will provide a credit to certain distributors for inventory quantities on hand if required by the Company’s agreement with the distributor. This practice is known as price protection. These credits are applied against the reserve that the Company establishes upon initial shipment of product to the distributor.

Under the ship and debit program, products are sold to distributors at published prices which are contained in price books provided to various distributors. Distributors are required to pay for product within the Company’s standard commercial terms. Subsequent to the initial product purchase, a distributor may request a price allowance for a particular part number(s) for certain target customers, prior to the distributor reselling the particular part. Once the Company has approved an allowance, the distributor resells the product to the target customer, and the Company credits the distributor according to the allowance approved. These credits are applied against a reserve the Company establishes upon initial shipment of product to the distributor.

 

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In addition, the Company periodically runs sales incentive programs with certain of its distributors and resellers, such as product rebates and cooperative advertising campaigns. The Company recognizes these incentives at the time they are offered for consideration given to customers, and records a credit to the customer’s account and offsetting expense as either a reduction to revenue, increase to cost of sales, or marketing expense depending on the type of sales incentive.

From time to time, the Company may enter into licensing arrangements related to its intellectual property. Revenue from licensing arrangements is recognized when earned and estimable. The timing of revenue recognition is dependent on the terms of each license agreement. Generally, the Company will recognize non-refundable upfront license fees related to patent licenses immediately upon receipt of the funds if the Company has no significant future obligations to perform under the arrangement. However, the Company will defer recognition for licensing fees where the Company has significant future performance requirements, the fee is not fixed (such as royalties earned as a percentage of future sales), or the fees are otherwise contingent.

Accounts Receivable

For product sales, the Company typically invoices its customers at shipment for the sales order value of products shipped. For contract revenue, invoicing occurs based upon the terms of the specific research contract, typically one month in arrears for services rendered and any other allowable direct costs. Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and do not bear interest. The Company does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to any of its customers.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company evaluates the collectability of accounts receivable based on a combination of factors. In cases where the Company becomes aware of circumstances that may impair a specific customer’s ability to meet its financial obligations subsequent to the original sale, the Company will record an allowance against amounts due, and thereby reduce the net recognized receivable to the amount the Company reasonably believes will be collected. For all other customers, the Company recognizes an allowance for doubtful accounts based on the length of time the receivables are past due and consideration of other factors such as industry conditions, the current business environment and its historical experience.

Advertising

The Company expenses the costs of producing advertisements at the time production occurs and expenses the cost of communicating the advertising in the period in which the advertising is used. Advertising costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses and amounted to approximately $5.7 million, $4.2 million and $3.1 million for the years ended June 26, 2011, June 27, 2010 and June 28, 2009, respectively.

Research and Development

Research and development activities are expensed as incurred. For contracts under which the Company anticipates that direct costs will exceed amounts to be funded over the life of the contract, costs are reported as research and development expenses and related funding as an offset of those expenses.

Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the applicable period. Diluted earnings per share is determined in the same manner as basic earnings per share except that the number of shares is increased to assume exercise of potentially dilutive stock options, unvested restricted stock and contingently issuable shares using the treasury stock method, unless the effect of such increases would be anti-dilutive. Under the treasury stock method, the amount the employee must pay for exercising stock options, the amount of compensation cost for future service that the Company has not yet recognized, and the

 

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amount of tax benefits that would be recorded in additional paid-in capital when the award becomes deductible are assumed to be used to repurchase shares.

Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation

The Company recognizes compensation expense in its consolidated financial statements for all share-based payments granted based on the fair value on the date of grant. Compensation expense is then recognized over the award’s vesting period.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, available-for-sale securities, accounts and interest receivable, accounts payable and other liabilities approximate fair values at June 26, 2011 and June 27, 2010 due to the short-term nature of these instruments.

Taxes

The Company uses the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, along with net operating loss carryforwards and credit carryforwards, if it is more likely than not that the tax benefits will be realized. To the extent a deferred tax asset cannot be recognized under the preceding criteria, allowances are established. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.

Taxes payable which are not based on income are accrued ratably over the period to which they apply. For example, payroll taxes are accrued each period end based upon the amount of payroll taxes that are owed as of that date; whereas taxes such as property taxes and franchise taxes are accrued over the fiscal year to which they apply if paid at the end of a period, or they are amortized ratably over the fiscal year if they are paid in advance.

Foreign Currency Translation

Prior to the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009, certain of the Company’s international subsidiaries had a non-U.S. Dollar functional currency. However, during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2009, due to a further refinement of the Company’s global supply chain, the Company determined that its international subsidiaries had the U.S. Dollar as their functional currency.

However, because the Company and its subsidiaries still transact business in currencies other than the U.S. Dollar, the Company will continue to experience a certain amount of foreign currency exchange gains and losses. In addition, historical foreign currency translation gains and losses will continue to exist in the Company’s balance of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income until such subsidiaries are sold or substantially liquidated.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

Transfers of Financial Assets

In June 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) issued new guidance concerning the transfer of financial assets. This guidance amends the criteria for a transfer of a financial asset to be accounted for as a sale, creates more stringent conditions for reporting a transfer of a portion of a financial asset as a sale, changes the initial measurement of a transferor’s interest in transferred financial assets, eliminates the qualifying special-purpose entity concept and provides for new disclosures. This guidance became effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2011. The Company’s adoption of the new accounting guidance did not have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

 

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Determining the Primary Beneficiary of a Variable Interest Entity

In June 2009, the FASB issued new guidance concerning the determination of the primary beneficiary of a variable interest entity (“VIE”). This new guidance amends current U.S. GAAP by: requiring ongoing reassessments of whether an enterprise is the primary beneficiary of a VIE; amending the quantitative approach previously required for determining the primary beneficiary of the VIE; modifying the guidance used to determine whether an entity is a VIE; adding an additional reconsideration event (e.g., troubled debt restructurings) for determining whether an entity is a VIE; and requiring enhanced disclosures regarding an entity’s involvement with a VIE. This guidance became effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2011. The Company’s adoption of the new accounting guidance did not have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition with Multiple Deliverables

In October 2009, the FASB issued new standards for revenue recognition with multiple deliverables. These new standards impact the determination of when the individual deliverables included in a multiple-element arrangement may be treated as separate units of accounting. Additionally, these new standards modify the manner in which the transaction consideration is allocated across the separately identified deliverables by no longer permitting the residual method of allocating arrangement consideration. This guidance became effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2011. The Company’s adoption of the new accounting guidance did not have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

Presentation of Comprehensive Income

In June 2010, the FASB issued new guidance concerning the presentation of total comprehensive income and its components. Under this guidance an entity has the option to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. This guidance will become effective for the Company beginning in the third quarter of fiscal 2012. The Company’s adoption of the new accounting guidance is not expected to have a significant impact on its consolidated financial statements.

Fair Value Disclosures

In January 2010, the FASB issued amended standards requiring additional fair value disclosures. The amended standards require disclosures of transfers in and out of Levels 1 and 2 of the fair value hierarchy, as well as requiring gross basis disclosures for purchases, sales, issuances and settlements within the Level 3 reconciliation. Additionally, the update clarifies the requirement to determine the level of disaggregation for fair value measurement disclosures and to disclose valuation techniques and inputs used for both recurring and nonrecurring fair value measurements in either Level 2 or Level 3. The Company adopted the new guidance in the third quarter of fiscal 2010, except for the disclosures related to purchases, sales, issuance and settlements, which will be effective for the Company beginning in the first quarter of fiscal 2012. Because these new standards are related primarily to disclosures, their adoption has not had, and is not expected to have, a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Note 3 - Acquisitions

Acquisition of LED Lighting Fixtures, Inc.

In February 2008, the Company acquired LED Lighting Fixtures, Inc. (LLF) through a wholly owned subsidiary that merged into Cree, Inc. June 27, 2010. Through this acquisition the Company acquired a research and development center, a commercialized LED lighting portfolio, sales channels and manufacturing subcontractor relationships to accelerate the adoption of energy-efficient LED lighting for the general illumination market.

The Company acquired all of the outstanding share capital of LLF in exchange for total upfront consideration of $80.8 million, consisting of (1) $16.5 million in cash, (2) approximately 1.9 million shares of the Company’s common stock valued at $58.8 million, (3) the assumption of fully vested LLF employee stock options valued at $4.5 million, and (4) transaction costs of $1.0 million consisting primarily of professional fees incurred relating to attorneys, accountants and valuation advisors. Under the acquisition terms, additional consideration of up to $26.4 million would become

 

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payable to the former shareholders of LLF if defined product development targets and key employee retention measures were achieved over the three calendar years following the acquisition.

The initial purchase price for this acquisition was as follows (in thousands):

 

Cash consideration paid to LLF stockholders

   $ 16,450   

Fair value of common stock issued by the Company

     58,830   

Fair value of vested LLF stock options assumed by the Company

     4,486   

Direct transaction fees and expenses

     1,042   
        

Total purchase price

   $ 80,808   
        

The purchase price for this acquisition has been allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as follows (in thousands):

 

Tangible assets:

  

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 10,312   

Accounts receivable

     982   

Inventories

     1,603   

Deferred tax assets

     2,573   

Property and equipment

     596   

Other assets

     1,093   
        

Total tangible assets

   $ 17,159   
        

Intangible assets:

  

Customer relationships

   $ 1,300   

Non-compete agreements

     440   

Developed technology

     39,500   

Goodwill

     39,450   
        

Total intangible assets

   $ 80,690   
        

Liabilities assumed:

  

Accounts payable

   $ 1,525   

Accrued expenses

     770   

Deferred tax liability

     14,746   
        

Total liabilities assumed

   $ 17,041   
        

Net assets acquired

   $ 80,808   
        

The identifiable assets acquired as a result of the acquisition are being amortized over their respective estimated useful lives as follows (in thousands, except for years):

 

     Asset
Amount
     Estimated
Life in
Years
 

Customer relationships

   $ 1,300         8   

Non-compete agreements

     440         3   

Developed technology

     39,500         14   
           

Total identifiable assets

   $ 41,240      
           

The goodwill associated with the acquisition of LLF is not deductible for tax purposes.

 

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The assets, liabilities, and operating results of LLF have been included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. Pro forma information giving effect to this acquisition has not been presented because the pro forma information would not differ materially from the Company’s historical results.

LLF met the conditions necessary for the earn-out payment for the calendar years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010 and as a result, the Company made a cash payment in the amount of $4.4 million to the former shareholders of LLF in the third quarter of fiscal 2009, a cash payment in the amount of $8.8 million to the former shareholders of LLF in the third quarter of fiscal 2010 and a cash payment in the amount of $13.2 million to the former shareholders of LLF in the third quarter of fiscal 2011, thus increasing goodwill in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Acquisition of COTCO Luminant Device Limited

In March 2007, the Company acquired COTCO Luminant Device Limited, a Hong Kong company (now “Cree Hong Kong Limited”) (COTCO), from COTCO Holdings Limited, a Hong Kong company (now United Luminous International (Holdings) Limited) (“Holdings”). Cree Hong Kong Limited is headquartered in Hong Kong and has production facilities in China. This acquisition provided us expanded packaging, research and development capabilities, a broader LED component portfolio, a lower cost manufacturing facility and expanded our sales channels in China.

The Company acquired all of the outstanding share capital of COTCO in exchange for consideration consisting of approximately 7.6 million shares of the Company’s common stock and $77.3 million cash. Under the acquisition terms, additional consideration of up to $125.0 million would become payable to Holdings or its designees in the event COTCO achieved specific EBITDA targets over the Company’s two full fiscal years following the acquisition. Any such additional consideration would be treated as an incremental purchase price of COTCO, and thus result in an increase to goodwill in the Company’s consolidated financial statements in the period earned.

The initial purchase price for this acquisition was as follows (in thousands):

 

Cash consideration paid to COTCO shareholder

   $ 77,334   

Fair value of common stock issued by the Company

     126,943   

Direct transaction fees and expenses

     3,065   
        

Total purchase price

   $ 207,342   
        

The purchase price for this acquisition has been allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values as follows (in thousands):

 

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Tangible assets:

  

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 1,110   

Accounts receivable

     20,376   

Inventories

     22,916   

Other current assets

     54   

Property and equipment

     24,066   
  

 

 

 

Total tangible assets

   $ 68,522   
  

 

 

 

Intangible assets:

  

Customer relationships

   $ 51,000   

Trade names and license agreements

     150   

Developed technology

     7,220   

In-process research and development charge

     950   

Goodwill

     108,249   
  

 

 

 

Total intangible assets

   $ 167,569   
  

 

 

 

Liabilities assumed:

  

Accounts payable

   $ 10,870   

Accrued expenses

     5,576   

Deferred tax liability

     12,303   
  

 

 

 

Total liabilities assumed

   $ 28,749   
  

 

 

 

Net assets acquired

   $ 207,342   
  

 

 

 

The identifiable assets acquired as a result of the acquisition are being amortized over their respective estimated useful lives as follows (in thousands, except for years):

 

     Asset
Amount
     Estimated
Life in
Years
 

Customer relationships

   $ 51,000         8   

Trade names and license agreements

     150         1   

Developed technology

     7,220         7   
  

 

 

    

Total identifiable assets

   $ 58,370      
  

 

 

    

The estimated fair value of in-process research and development was recorded immediately as an expense in fiscal 2007 and was reflected in research and development expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Income. This represented the estimated fair value of certain acquired technologies under development that had not yet reached technological feasibility and had no alternative future use.

The goodwill associated with the acquisition of COTCO is not deductible for tax purposes.

Under the acquisition terms, additional consideration would become payable to Holdings or its designees in the event COTCO achieved specific EBITDA targets over the Company’s two full fiscal years following the acquisition. For fiscal 2008 results, the Company made a cash payment in the amount of $60.0 million in fiscal 2009. For fiscal 2009 results, the Company made a cash payment in the amount of $57.1 million in fiscal 2010. These incremental payments were treated as additional purchase price and resulted in an increase to goodwill in the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Note 4 – Financial Statement Details

 

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Accounts Receivable, net

The following is a summary of the components of accounts receivable, net (in thousands):

 

     June 26,
2011
    June 27,
2010
 

Billed trade receivables

   $ 137,799      $ 138,642   

Unbilled contract receivables

     1,038        1,391   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     138,837        140,033   

Allowance for sales returns, discounts and other incentives

     (19,615     (20,551

Allowance for bad debts

     (753     (1,947
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total accounts receivable, net

   $ 118,469      $ 117,535   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The following table summarizes the changes in the Company’s allowance for sales returns and other incentives (in thousands):

 

     Fiscal Years Ended  
     June 26,
2011
    June 27,
2010
    June 28,
2009
 

Balance at beginning of period

   $ 20,551      $ 9,644      $ 5,944   

Current period claims

     (47,448     (23,036     (10,981

Provision for sales returns

     46,512        33,943        14,681   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at end of period

   $ 19,615      $ 20,551      $ 9,644   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The following table is a roll forward of the Company’s allowance for bad debts (in thousands):

 

     Fiscal Years Ended  
     June 26,
2011
    June 27,
2010
    June 28,
2009
 

Balance at beginning of period

   $ 1,947      $ 2,531      $ 1,719   

Current year provision

     (956     738        1,048   

Write-offs net of recoveries

     (238     (1,322     (236
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at end of period

   $ 753      $ 1,947      $ 2,531   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Inventories

The following is a summary of the components of inventories (in thousands):

 

     June 26,
2011
     June 27,
2010
 

Raw material

   $ 38,781       $ 24,858   

Work-in-progress

     74,816         57,180   

Finished goods

     62,885         30,203   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total inventories

   $ 176,482       $ 112,241   
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Property and Equipment, net

The following table reflects the components of property and equipment (in thousands):

 

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     June 26,
2011
    June 27,
2010
 

Furniture and fixtures

   $ 10,439      $ 8,273   

Land and buildings

     254,190        211,391   

Machinery and equipment

     800,007        649,558   

Computer hardware/software

     26,954        20,518   

Leasehold improvements and other

     18,305        17,894   

Construction in progress

     95,974        73,439   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
     1,205,869        981,073   

Accumulated depreciation

     (649,940     (561,347
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Property and Equipment, net

   $ 555,929      $ 419,726   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Depreciation of property and equipment used in continuing operations totaled $93.1 million, $74.1 million and $76.7 million for the years ended June 26, 2011, June 27, 2010 and June 28, 2009, respectively.

During the years ended June 26, 2011, June 27, 2010 and June 28, 2009, the Company recorded approximately $1.5 million, $3.9 million and $6.3 million, respectively, as losses on disposals or impairments of property and equipment. These charges are reflected in Loss or Impairment on Disposal of Property and Equipment in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income.

Revenues, net

Revenues for fiscal 2011, 2010 and 2009 were comprised of the following product groups (in thousands, except percentages):

 

     Fiscal Years Ended  
     June 26,
2011
    June 27,
2010
    June 28,
2009
 

LED products

   $ 889,991      $ 789,947      $ 524,318   

Percent of revenue

     90     91     92

Power and RF products

     97,624        77,340        42,937   

Percent of revenue

     10     9     8
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total revenue

   $ 987,615      $ 867,287      $ 567,255   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note 5 – Investments

Short-term and long-term investments consist of high-grade corporate bonds and other debt securities. All marketable investments are classified as available-for-sale as of June 26, 2011.

The following table provides a summary of marketable investments as of June 26, 2011 (in thousands):

 

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     June 26, 2011  
     Amortized
Cost
     Gross
Unrealized
Gains
     Gross
Unrealized
Losses
    Estimated
Fair Value
 

Municipal bonds

   $ 391,465       $ 3,943       $ (10     395,398   

Corporate bonds

     207,241         2,312         (115     209,438   

Municipal variable rate demand notes

     295         —           —          295   

U.S. agency securities

     67,244         807         (2     68,049   

Certificates of deposit

     10,003         12         —          10,015   

Commercial paper

     4,999         —           —          4,999   

Non-U.S. government securities

     6,986         19         —          7,005   
                                  

Total

   $ 688,233       $ 7,093       $ (127   $ 695,199   
                                  

The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value of the Company’s investment securities, aggregated by investment type and length of time that individual investment securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of June 26, 2011 (in thousands):

 

     June 26, 2011  
     Less than 12 Months     Greater than 12 Months      Total  
     Fair Value      Unrealized
Loss
    Fair Value      Unrealized
Loss
     Fair Value      Unrealized
Loss
 

Municipal bonds

   $ 14,348       $ (10   $ —         $ —         $ 14,348       $ (10

Corporate bonds

     20,484         (115     —           —           20,484         (115

Municipal variable rate demand notes

     —           —          —           —           —           —     

U.S. agency securities

     6,518         (2     —           —           6,518         (2

Certificates of deposit

     —           —          —           —           —           —     

Commercial paper

     —           —          —           —           —           —     

Non-U.S. government securities

     —           —          —           —           —           —     
                                                    

Total

   $ 41,350       $ (127   $ —         $ —         $ 41,350       $ (127
                                                    

Number of securities with an unrealized loss

        20           —              20   
                                  

The following table provides a summary of marketable investments as of June 27, 2010 (in thousands):

 

     June 27, 2010  
     Amortized
Cost
     Gross
Unrealized
Gains
     Gross
Unrealized
Losses
    Estimated
Fair Value
 

Municipal bonds

   $ 441,653       $ 3,502       $ (117   $ 445,038   

Corporate bonds

     120,991         1,478         (20     122,449   

Municipal variable rate demand notes

     15,685         —           (1     15,684   

U.S. agency securities

     72,531         615         (32     73,114   

U.S. government securities

     7,533         76         —          7,609   

Non-U.S. government securities

     5,091         —           (11     5,080   
                                  

Total

   $ 663,484       $ 5,671       $ (181   $ 668,974   
                                  

The following table presents the gross unrealized losses and estimated fair value of the Company’s investment securities, aggregated by investment type and length of time that individual investment securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of June 27, 2010 (in thousands):

 

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     June 27, 2010  
     Less than 12 Months     Greater than 12 Months      Total  
     Fair Value      Unrealized
Loss
    Fair Value      Unrealized
Loss
     Fair Value      Unrealized
Loss
 

Municipal bonds

   $ 117,470       $ (117   $ —         $ —         $ 117,470       $ (117

Corporate bonds

     11,126         (20     —           —           11,126         (20

Municipal variable rate demand notes

     5,006         (1     —           —           5,006         (1

U.S. agency securities

     5,120         (32     —           —           5,120         (32

U.S. government securities

     —           —          —           —           —           —     

Non-U.S. government securities

     5,095         (11     —           —           5,095         (11
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 143,817       $ (181   $ —         $ —         $ 143,817       $ (181
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Number of securities with an unrealized loss

        42           —              42   
     

 

 

      

 

 

       

 

 

 

Each of the securities in the above tables generally has an investment grade rating and is an unrealized loss position solely due to interest rate changes, sector credit rating changes or company-specific rating changes. The Company evaluates its investments for possible impairment or a decline in fair value below cost basis that is deemed to be “other than temporary” on a periodic basis. It considers such factors as the length of time and extent to which fair value has been below cost basis, the financial condition of the investee, and its ability and intent to hold the investment for a period of time that may be sufficient for an anticipated recovery in market value. The Company considers the declines in the above securities to be temporary in nature, and, accordingly, does not consider these securities to be impaired as of June 26, 2011.

The contractual maturities of marketable investments at June 26, 2011 were as follows (in thousands):

 

     Within One
Year
     After One,
Within Five
Years
     After Five,
Within Ten
Years
     After Ten
Years
     Total  

Municipal bonds

   $ 149,533       $ 245,865       $ —         $ —         $ 395,398   

Corporate bonds

     79,127         130,311         —           —           209,438   

Municipal variable rate demand notes

     —           —           —           295         295   

U.S. agency securities

     9,262         58,787         —           —           68,049   

Certificates of deposit

     5,011         5,004         —           —           10,015   

Commercial paper

     4,999         —           —           —           4,999   

Non-U.S. government securities

     5,000         2,005         —           —           7,005   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

   $ 252,932       $ 441,972       $ —         $ 295       $ 695,199   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Note 6 – Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Under U.S. GAAP, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., “the exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. In determining fair value, the Company uses various valuation approaches, including quoted market prices and market income models. U.S. GAAP also establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are obtained from independent sources and can be validated by a third party, whereas, unobservable inputs reflect assumptions regarding what a third party would use in pricing an asset or liability. The fair value hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the reliability of inputs as follows:

 

   

Level 1 - Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments that the Company is able to access. Since valuations are based on quoted prices that are readily and regularly available in an active market, valuation of these products does not entail a significant degree of judgment.

 

   

Level 2 - Valuations based on quoted prices in active markets for instruments that are similar, or quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar instruments, and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs and significant value drivers are observable in active markets.

 

   

Level 3 - Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.

The financial assets for which the Company performs recurring fair value remeasurements are cash equivalents and short-term investments. As of June 26, 2011, financial assets utilizing Level 1 inputs included money market funds and investments traded on active securities exchanges. Financial assets utilizing Level 2 inputs included corporate bonds,

 

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municipal bonds and variable rate demand notes, and U.S. agency securities. Level 2 assets are valued using a third-party pricing services consensus price which is a weighted average price based on multiple sources. These sources determine prices utilizing market income models which factor in, where applicable, transactions of similar assets in active markets, transactions of identical assets in infrequent markets, interest rates, bond or credit default swap spreads and volatility. The Company does not have any significant financial assets requiring the use of Level 3 inputs. There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 during the year ended June 26, 2011.

The following table sets forth financial instruments carried at fair value within the U.S. GAAP hierarchy and using the lowest level of input (in thousands):

 

     Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value as of June  26, 2011  
     Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Items (Level 1)
     Significant Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)
     Significant
Unobservable
Inputs (Level 3)
     Total  

Assets:

           

Cash equivalents

           

Money market funds

   $ 7,386       $ —         $     —         $ 7,386   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total cash equivalents

     7,386         —           —           7,386   

Short-term investments

           

Municipal bonds

     —           395,398         —         $ 395,398   

Corporate bonds

     —           209,438         —           209,438   

Municipal variable rate demand notes

     —           295         —           295   

U.S. agency securities

     —           68,049         —           68,049   

Certificates of deposit

     —           10,015         —           10,015   

Commercial paper

     —           4,999         —           4,999   

Non-U.S. government securities

     —           7,005         —           7,005   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total short-term investments

     —           695,199         —           695,199   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 7,386       $ 695,199       $ —         $ 702,585   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The Company utilizes specific identification in computing realized gains and losses on the sale of investments. Realized gains and losses from the sale of investments are included in “Gain on sale of investments, net” and unrealized gains and losses are included as a separate component of equity, net of tax, unless the loss is determined to be “other-than-temporary.”

Note 7 – Intangible Assets and Goodwill

Intangible Assets

The following table reflects the components of intangible assets (in thousands):

 

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     June 26,
2011
    June 27,
2010
 

Customer relationships

   $ 52,620      $ 52,620   

Developed technology

     51,860        51,860   

Patent and license rights

     83,884        71,762   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 
   $ 188,364      $ 176,242   

Accumulated amortization

     (85,504     (70,133
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Intangible assets, net

   $ 102,860