UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
ý | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2008 |
|
OR |
|
o |
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to |
Commission File Number 001-16615
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
State of Delaware | 20-5272297 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |
12300 Liberty Boulevard Englewood, Colorado |
80112 | |
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (720) 875-5400
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer o | Accelerated filer o | Non-accelerated filer ý | Smaller reporting company o |
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. Yes o No ý
The Registrant meets the conditions set forth in General Instruction H(1)(a) and (b) of Form 10-Q, and is therefore filing this form with the reduced disclosure format.
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(unaudited)
|
March 31, 2008 |
December 31, 2007 |
||||||
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|
amounts in millions |
|||||||
Assets | ||||||||
Current assets: | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 3,886 | 3,135 | |||||
Trade and other receivables, net | 1,397 | 1,517 | ||||||
Inventory, net | 1,022 | 975 | ||||||
Program rights | 488 | 515 | ||||||
Financial instruments (note 10) | 33 | 23 | ||||||
Other current assets | 251 | 144 | ||||||
Total current assets | 7,077 | 6,309 | ||||||
Investments in available-for-sale securities and other cost investments, including $751 million and $1,183 million pledged as collateral for share borrowing arrangements (note 6) | 5,287 | 17,569 | ||||||
Long-term financial instruments (note 10) | 1,910 | 1,590 | ||||||
Investments in affiliates accounted for using the equity method (note 7) | 12,616 | 1,817 | ||||||
Investment in special purpose entity (note 8) | | 750 | ||||||
Property and equipment, at cost |
2,004 |
1,894 |
||||||
Accumulated depreciation | (602 | ) | (543 | ) | ||||
1,402 | 1,351 | |||||||
Intangible assets not subject to amortization: | ||||||||
Goodwill (note 9) | 8,141 | 7,855 | ||||||
Trademarks | 2,515 | 2,515 | ||||||
Other | 173 | 173 | ||||||
10,829 | 10,543 | |||||||
Intangible assets subject to amortization, net | 3,910 | 3,863 | ||||||
Other assets, net (note 8) | 1,704 | 1,857 | ||||||
Total assets | $ | 44,735 | 45,649 | |||||
(continued)
I-1
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Continued)
(unaudited)
|
March 31, 2008 |
December 31, 2007 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
amounts in millions |
|||||||
Liabilities and Member's Equity | ||||||||
Current liabilities: | ||||||||
Accounts payable | $ | 521 | 605 | |||||
Accrued interest | 98 | 148 | ||||||
Other accrued liabilities | 868 | 936 | ||||||
Financial instruments (note 10) | 807 | 1,206 | ||||||
Current portion of debt (note 11) | 179 | 191 | ||||||
Accrued stock compensation | 202 | 207 | ||||||
Current deferred income tax liabilities | 212 | 93 | ||||||
Other current liabilities | 261 | 153 | ||||||
Total current liabilities | 3,148 | 3,539 | ||||||
Long-term debt, including $2,864 million and $3,690 million measured at fair value (note 11) | 11,823 | 11,524 | ||||||
Long-term financial instruments (note 10) | 154 | 176 | ||||||
Deferred income tax liabilities | 5,958 | 8,463 | ||||||
Other liabilities | 1,536 | 1,565 | ||||||
Total liabilities | 22,619 | 25,267 | ||||||
Minority interests in equity of subsidiaries (note 8) | 120 | 866 | ||||||
Member's equity: |
||||||||
Member's equity | 29,088 | 29,084 | ||||||
Note receivable from parent (note 13) | (3,759 | ) | (3,624 | ) | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive earnings, net of taxes | 149 | 4,073 | ||||||
Accumulated deficit | (3,482 | ) | (10,017 | ) | ||||
Total member's equity | 21,996 | 19,516 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies (note 14) | ||||||||
Total liabilities and member's equity | $ | 44,735 | 45,649 | |||||
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
I-2
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(unaudited)
|
Three months ended March 31, |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
||||||
|
amounts in millions |
|||||||
Revenue: | ||||||||
Net retail sales | $ | 1,950 | 1,771 | |||||
Communications and programming services | 401 | 352 | ||||||
2,351 | 2,123 | |||||||
Operating costs and expenses: | ||||||||
Cost of sales | 1,238 | 1,110 | ||||||
Operating | 441 | 404 | ||||||
Selling, general and administrative, including stock-based compensation (note 3) | 265 | 209 | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 177 | 151 | ||||||
2,121 | 1,874 | |||||||
Operating income | 230 | 249 | ||||||
Other income (expense): |
||||||||
Interest expense | (166 | ) | (150 | ) | ||||
Dividend and interest incomethird party | 59 | 75 | ||||||
Interest incomeparent (note 13) | 60 | 16 | ||||||
Share of earnings of affiliates, net | 45 | 9 | ||||||
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on financial instruments, net (note 10) | (285 | ) | 344 | |||||
Gains on dispositions of assets, net | 3,682 | 6 | ||||||
Other, net | (2 | ) | | |||||
3,393 | 300 | |||||||
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes and minority interests | 3,623 | 549 | ||||||
Income tax benefit (expense) | 1,884 | (208 | ) | |||||
Minority interests in earnings of subsidiaries | (12 | ) | (4 | ) | ||||
Earnings from continuing operations | 5,495 | 337 | ||||||
Earnings from discontinued operations, net of taxes | | 42 | ||||||
Net earnings | $ | 5,495 | 379 | |||||
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
I-3
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings
(unaudited)
|
Three months ended March 31, |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
|||||
|
amounts in millions |
||||||
Net earnings | $ | 5,495 | 379 | ||||
Other comprehensive earnings (loss), net of taxes: | |||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 82 | 11 | |||||
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period | (645 | ) | 275 | ||||
Recognition of previously unrealized gains on available-for-sale securities, net | (2,273 | ) | (4 | ) | |||
Change in fair value of cash flow hedges | (48 | ) | | ||||
Other comprehensive earnings (loss) | (2,884 | ) | 282 | ||||
Comprehensive earnings | $ | 2,611 | 661 | ||||
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
I-4
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(unaudited)
|
Three months ended March 31, |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
||||||||
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amounts in millions (note 4) |
|||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||||
Net earnings | $ | 5,495 | 379 | |||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: | ||||||||||
Earnings from discontinued operations | | (42 | ) | |||||||
Depreciation and amortization | 177 | 151 | ||||||||
Stock-based compensation | 16 | 22 | ||||||||
Cash payments for stock-based compensation | (12 | ) | (20 | ) | ||||||
Share of earnings of affiliates, net | (45 | ) | (9 | ) | ||||||
Realized and unrealized losses (gains) on financial instruments, net | 285 | (344 | ) | |||||||
Gains on disposition of assets, net | (3,682 | ) | (6 | ) | ||||||
Minority interests in earnings of subsidiaries | 12 | 4 | ||||||||
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) | (2,100 | ) | 170 | |||||||
Other noncash credits, net | (41 | ) | (9 | ) | ||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of the effects of acquisitions and dispositions: | ||||||||||
Current assets | 74 | 15 | ||||||||
Payables and other current liabilities | (155 | ) | (105 | ) | ||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities | 24 | 206 | ||||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||||
Cash proceeds from dispositions | 15 | 121 | ||||||||
Net proceeds from settlement of financial instruments | 12 | 76 | ||||||||
Cash paid for acquisitions, net of cash acquired | | (6 | ) | |||||||
Cash received in exchange transaction | 465 | | ||||||||
Capital expended for property and equipment | (54 | ) | (87 | ) | ||||||
Net sales (purchases) of short term investments | 67 | (172 | ) | |||||||
Investments in and loans to cost and equity investees | (387 | ) | (39 | ) | ||||||
Net decrease in restricted cash | 140 | | ||||||||
Net cash transfers to parent | (75 | ) | (22 | ) | ||||||
Other investing activities, net | (19 | ) | 13 | |||||||
Net cash provided (used) by investing activities | 164 | (116 | ) | |||||||
Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||||
Borrowings of debt | 1,102 | 131 | ||||||||
Repayments of debt | (498 | ) | (329 | ) | ||||||
Other financing activities, net | (61 | ) | (31 | ) | ||||||
Net cash provided (used) by financing activities | 543 | (229 | ) | |||||||
Effect of foreign currency exchange rates on cash | 20 | 2 | ||||||||
Net cash provided by discontinued operations: | ||||||||||
Cash provided by operating activities | | 10 | ||||||||
Cash used by investing activities | | (9 | ) | |||||||
Change in available cash held by discontinued operations | | (1 | ) | |||||||
Net cash provided by discontinued operations | | | ||||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 751 | (137 | ) | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 3,135 | 3,107 | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 3,886 | 2,970 | |||||||
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
I-5
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Member's Equity
(unaudited)
Three months ended March 31, 2008
|
Member's equity |
Note receivable from parent |
Accumulated other comprehensive earnings |
Accumulated deficit |
Total member's equity |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
amounts in millions |
||||||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2008 | $ | 29,084 | (3,624 | ) | 4,073 | (10,017 | ) | 19,516 | |||||
Net earnings | | | | 5,495 | 5,495 | ||||||||
Other comprehensive loss | | | (2,884 | ) | | (2,884 | ) | ||||||
Cumulative effect of accounting change (note 6) | | | (1,040 | ) | 1,040 | | |||||||
Cash transfers to parent, net | | (75 | ) | | | (75 | ) | ||||||
Intercompany interest income | | (60 | ) | | | (60 | ) | ||||||
Stock compensation | 9 | | | | 9 | ||||||||
Other | (5 | ) | | | | (5 | ) | ||||||
Balance at March 31, 2008 | $ | 29,088 | (3,759 | ) | 149 | (3,482 | ) | 21,996 | |||||
See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
I-6
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(1) Basis of Presentation
The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Liberty Media LLC and its controlled subsidiaries (collectively, "Liberty" or the "Company," unless the context otherwise requires). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Liberty is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Liberty Media Corporation ("New Liberty").
Liberty, through its ownership of interests in subsidiaries and other companies, is primarily engaged in the video and on-line commerce, media, communications and entertainment industries in North America, Europe and Asia.
The accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X as promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation of the results for such periods have been included. The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in Liberty's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Liberty considers (i) the estimate of the fair value of its long-lived assets (including goodwill) and any resulting impairment charges, (ii) its accounting for income taxes, (iii) its assessment of other-than-temporary declines in fair value of its investments and (iv) its estimates of retail-related adjustments and allowances to be its most significant estimates.
Liberty holds investments that are accounted for using the equity method. Liberty does not control the decision making process or business management practices of these affiliates. Accordingly, Liberty relies on management of these affiliates to provide it with accurate financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP that Liberty uses in the application of the equity method. In addition, Liberty relies on audit reports that are provided by the affiliates' independent auditors on the financial statements of such affiliates. The Company is not aware, however, of any errors in or possible misstatements of the financial information provided by its equity affiliates that would have a material effect on Liberty's condensed consolidated financial statements.
Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified for comparability with the 2008 presentation.
(2) Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In December 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141 (revised 2007), "Business Combinations" ("Statement 141R"). Statement 141R replaces Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141, "Business Combinations" ("Statement 141"), although it retains the fundamental requirement in Statement 141
I-7
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
that the acquisition method of accounting be used for all business combinations. Statement 141R establishes principles and requirements for how the acquirer in a business combination (a) recognizes and measures the assets acquired, liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree, (b) recognizes and measures the goodwill acquired in a business combination or a gain from a bargain purchase and (c) determines what information to disclose regarding the business combination. Statement 141R applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first fiscal year after December 15, 2008.
In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 160, "Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements" ("Statement 160"). Statement 160 establishes accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary, commonly referred to as minority interest. Among other matters, Statement 160 requires (a) the noncontrolling interest be reported within equity in the balance sheet and (b) the amount of consolidated net income attributable to the parent and to the noncontrolling interest to be clearly presented in the statement of income. Statement 160 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. Statement 160 is to be applied prospectively, except for the presentation and disclosure requirements, which shall be applied retrospectively for all periods presented. Liberty expects that its adoption of Statement 160 in 2009 will impact the accounting for the purchase and sale and the presentation of the noncontrolling interests in its subsidiaries.
(3) Stock-Based Compensation
Certain of the Company's employees and employees of its subsidiaries hold options, stock appreciation rights ("SARs") and options with tandem SARs (collectively, "Awards") to purchase shares of Series A and Series B Liberty Capital, Liberty Interactive and Liberty Entertainment common stock. The Awards generally vest over a 4-5 year period and expire 7-10 years from the date of grant. Upon exercise of Awards that are settled in common stock, New Liberty issues new shares from its authorized, but unissued shares.
New Liberty has calculated the grant-date fair value for all of its equity classified awards and any subsequent remeasurement of its liability classified awards using the Black-Scholes Model. New Liberty estimates the expected term of the Awards based on historical exercise and forfeiture data. The volatility used in the calculation for Awards granted in 2008 is 25.3% for Liberty Interactive Awards. The volatility used in the calculation for Awards granted in 2007 is 20.8% for Liberty Interactive Awards and 17.5% for Liberty Capital Awards and is based on the historical volatility of New Liberty's stocks and the implied volatility of publicly traded Liberty options. New Liberty uses the risk-free rate for Treasury Bonds with a term similar to that of the subject options.
Included in selling, general and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations are the following amounts of stock-based compensation (amounts in millions):
Three months ended: | ||||
March 31, 2008 | $ | 16 | ||
March 31, 2007 | $ | 22 |
As of March 31, 2008, the total compensation cost related to unvested New Liberty equity awards was approximately $77 million. Such amount will be recognized in the Company's consolidated statements of operations over a weighted average period of approximately 1.9 years.
I-8
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
New Liberty Awards
During the three months ended March 31, 2008, New Liberty granted 987,702 options to purchase shares of Series A Liberty Interactive common stock to employees of certain subsidiaries. New Liberty used the Black-Scholes Model to estimate the grant date fair value of such options. The Series A Liberty Interactive options granted in 2008 had a weighted average grant-date fair value of $3.83 per option.
On March 3, 2008, New Liberty effected a recapitalization whereby its Liberty Capital common stock was reclassified into Liberty Entertainment common stock (on a 4 for 1 basis) and New Liberty Capital common stock (on a 1 for 1 basis) (the "Reclassification").
The following tables present the number and weighted average exercise price ("WAEP") of options, SARs and options with tandem SARs to purchase New Liberty common stock granted to certain officers and employees of the Company.
|
Series A Liberty Capital common stock |
WAEP |
Series B Liberty Capital common stock |
WAEP |
Old Series A Liberty Capital common stock |
WAEP |
Old Series B Liberty Capital common stock |
WAEP |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
numbers of options in thousands |
||||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding at January 1, 2008 | | | 2,787 | $ | 97.21 | 1,498 | $ | 101.37 | |||||||||||||
Granted | | | | | |||||||||||||||||
Exercised | | | (6 | ) | $ | 62.91 | | ||||||||||||||
Forfeited | | | (1 | ) | $ | 92.47 | | ||||||||||||||
Converted in connection with the Reclassification | 2,780 | $ | 14.20 | 1,498 | $ | 15.05 | (2,780 | ) | (1,498 | ) | |||||||||||
Outstanding at March 31, 2008 | 2,780 | $ | 14.20 | 1,498 | $ | 15.05 | | | |||||||||||||
Exercisable at March 31, 2008 | 1,789 | $ | 13.92 | 1,468 | $ | 15.10 | | | |||||||||||||
|
Series A Liberty Interactive common stock |
WAEP |
Series B Liberty Interactive common stock |
WAEP |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
numbers of options in thousands |
||||||||||
Outstanding at January 1, 2008 | 24,811 | $ | 19.97 | 7,491 | $ | 23.41 | |||||
Granted | 988 | $ | 14.73 | | |||||||
Exercised | | | |||||||||
Forfeited | (71 | ) | $ | 18.38 | | ||||||
Outstanding at March 31, 2008 | 25,728 | $ | 19.76 | 7,491 | $ | 23.41 | |||||
Exercisable at March 31, 2008 | 12,869 | $ | 20.71 | 7,341 | $ | 23.48 | |||||
I-9
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
|
Series A Liberty Entertainment common stock |
WAEP |
Series B Liberty Entertainment common stock |
WAEP |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
numbers of options in thousands |
||||||||||
Outstanding at January 1, 2008 | | | |||||||||
Issued in connection with the Reclassification | 11,120 | $ | 20.74 | 5,993 | $ | 21.57 | |||||
Granted | | | |||||||||
Exercised | | | |||||||||
Forfeited | | | |||||||||
Outstanding at March 31, 2008 | 11,120 | $ | 20.74 | 5,993 | $ | 21.57 | |||||
Exercisable at March 31, 2008 | 7,237 | $ | 20.39 | 5,873 | $ | 21.64 | |||||
The following table provides additional information about outstanding options to purchase Liberty common stock at March 31, 2008.
|
No. of outstanding options (000's) |
WAEP of outstanding options |
Weighted average remaining life |
Aggregate intrinsic value (000's) |
No. of exercisable options (000's) |
WAEP of exercisable options |
Aggregate intrinsic value (000's) |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Series A Capital | 2,780 | $ | 14.20 | 4.6 years | $ | 5,655 | 1,789 | $ | 13.92 | $ | 4,046 | |||||||
Series B Capital | 1,498 | $ | 15.05 | 3.2 years | $ | 1,050 | 1,468 | $ | 15.10 | $ | 958 | |||||||
Series A Interactive | 25,728 | $ | 19.76 | 5.0 years | $ | 2,115 | 12,869 | $ | 20.71 | $ | 487 | |||||||
Series B Interactive | 7,491 | $ | 23.41 | 3.2 years | $ | | 7,341 | $ | 23.48 | $ | | |||||||
Series A Entertainment | 11,120 | $ | 20.74 | 4.6 years | $ | 30,204 | 7,237 | $ | 20.39 | $ | 21,296 | |||||||
Series B Entertainment | 5,993 | $ | 21.57 | 3.2 years | $ | 4,892 | 5,873 | $ | 21.64 | $ | 4,388 |
(4) Supplemental Disclosures to Statements of Cash Flows
|
Three months ended March 31, |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
|||
|
amounts in millions |
||||
Available-for-sale securities exchanged for consolidated subsidiaries, equity investment and cash | $ | 10,144 | | ||
(5) Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value
Effective January 1, 2008, Liberty adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, "Fair Value Measurements" ("Statement 157"). Statement 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value under GAAP and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. In February 2008, the FASB issued Staff Position No. 157-2, "Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157" ("FSP 157-2"). FSP 157-2 delayed the effective date of Statement 157 for (i) non-financial assets and liabilities that are not remeasured at fair value on a recurring basis and (ii) fair value measurements required for impairment analysis of goodwill, identifiable intangible assets and other long-lived assets.
I-10
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The provisions of FSP 157-2 are effective for the Company's fiscal year beginning January 1, 2009. The Company's assets and liabilities measured at fair value are as follows:
|
|
Fair Value Measurements at March 31, 2008 Using |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Description |
Total |
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) |
Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) |
Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) |
|||||
|
amounts in millions |
||||||||
Available-for-sale securities | $ | 5,252 | 5,194 | 58 | | ||||
Financial instrument assets | $ | 1,943 | | 1,943 | | ||||
Financial instrument liabilities | $ | 961 | 751 | 210 | | ||||
Debt | $ | 2,864 | | 2,864 | |
The Company uses the Black Scholes Model to estimate fair value for the majority of its Level 2 financial instrument assets and liabilities using observable inputs such as exchange traded equity prices, risk-free interest rates, dividend yields and volatilities. For the Company's debt instruments reported at fair value, the Company gets quoted market prices. However, the Company does not believe such instruments are traded on "active markets." Accordingly, the debt instruments are reported in the foregoing table as Level 2 fair value.
(6) Investments in Available-for-Sale Securities and Other Cost Investments
Effective January 1, 2008, Liberty adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 159, "The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115" ("Statement 159"). Statement 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments, such as available-for-sale ("AFS") securities, and certain other items at fair value and to recognize the changes in fair value of such instruments in the entity's statement of operations. Previously under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 115, entities were required to recognize changes in fair value of AFS securities in the balance sheet in accumulated other comprehensive earnings. Liberty has entered into economic hedges for many of its non-strategic AFS securities (although such instruments are not accounted for as fair value hedges by the Company). Changes in the fair value of these economic hedges are reflected in Liberty's statement of operations as unrealized gains (losses). In order to better match the changes in fair value of the subject AFS securities and the changes in fair value of the corresponding economic hedges in the Company's financial statements, Liberty has elected to apply the provisions of Statement 159 to those of its AFS securities ("Statement 159 Securities") which it considers to be non-strategic. Accordingly, changes in the fair value of Statement 159 Securities, as determined by quoted market prices, are reported in realized and unrealized gain (losses) on financial instruments in the accompanying March 31, 2008 condensed consolidated statement of operations. The amount of unrealized gains related to the Statement 159 Securities and included in accumulated other comprehensive earnings in the Company's balance sheet as of the date of adoption of Statement 159 aggregated $1,040 million and has been reclassified to accumulated deficit. The total value of AFS securities for which the Company has elected the fair value option aggregated $3,399 million as of March 31, 2008.
I-11
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Investments in available-for-sale securities and other cost investments are summarized as follows:
|
March 31, 2008 |
December 31, 2007 |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
amounts in millions |
|||||
IAC/InterActiveCorp ("IAC") | $ | 1,728 | 1,863 | |||
News Corporation | | 10,647 | ||||
Time Warner Inc. ("Time Warner")(1) | 1,440 | 1,695 | ||||
Sprint Nextel Corporation(2) | 585 | 1,150 | ||||
Motorola, Inc.(3) | 688 | 1,187 | ||||
Viacom, Inc. | 301 | 333 | ||||
Embarq Corporation(4) | 175 | 216 | ||||
Other(5) | 370 | 478 | ||||
Consolidated Liberty | $ | 5,287 | 17,569 | |||
IAC
In the first quarter of 2008, Liberty purchased an additional 14 million shares of IAC common stock in a private transaction for cash consideration of $339 million.
News Corporation
On February 27, 2008, Liberty exchanged all of its shares of News Corporation common stock for a subsidiary of News Corporation. See note 7 for further discussion of this transaction.
Time Warner
On May 17, 2007, Liberty completed a transaction (the "Time Warner Exchange") with Time Warner in which Liberty exchanged approximately 68.5 million shares of Time Warner common stock valued at $1,479 million for a subsidiary of Time Warner which holds Atlanta National League Baseball Club, Inc. ("ANLBC"), Leisure Arts, Inc. and $984 million in cash. Liberty recognized a pre-tax gain of $582 million based on the difference between the fair value and the weighted average cost basis of the Time Warner shares exchanged.
I-12
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
CBS Corporation
On April 16, 2007, Liberty completed a transaction (the "CBS Exchange") with CBS Corporation pursuant to which Liberty exchanged all of its 7.6 million shares of CBS Class B common stock valued at $239 million for a subsidiary of CBS that holds WFRV and WJMN Television Station, Inc. and approximately $170 million in cash. Liberty recognized a pre-tax gain of $31 million based on the difference between the fair value and the weighted average cost basis of the CBS shares exchanged.
Unrealized Holding Gains and Losses
Unrealized holding gains and losses related to investments in available-for-sale securities are summarized below.
|
March 31, 2008 |
December 31, 2007 |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Equity securities |
Debt securities |
Equity securities |
Debt securities |
||||||
|
amounts in millions |
|||||||||
Gross unrealized holding gains | $ | 59 | | 6,249 | | |||||
Gross unrealized holding losses | $ | (178 | ) | | | (12 | ) |
The aggregate fair value of securities with unrealized holding losses at March 31, 2008 was $1,731 million. None of these securities had unrealized losses for more than 12 continuous months.
(7) Investments in Affiliates Accounted for Using the Equity Method
Liberty has various investments accounted for using the equity method. The following table includes Liberty's carrying amount and percentage ownership of the more significant investments in affiliates at March 31, 2008 and the carrying amount at December 31, 2007:
|
March 31, 2008 |
December 31 2007 |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Percentage ownership |
Carrying amount |
Carrying amount |
||||
|
|
dollar amounts in millions |
|||||
The DIRECTV Group, Inc. ("DIRECTV") | 41 | % | $ | 10,795 | | ||
Expedia, Inc. ("Expedia") | 24 | % | 1,310 | 1,301 | |||
Other | various | 511 | 516 | ||||
$ | 12,616 | 1,817 | |||||
The following table presents Liberty's share of earnings (losses) of affiliates:
|
Three months ended March 31, |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
|||
|
amounts in millions |
||||
DIRECTV | $ | 36 | | ||
Expedia | 12 | 7 | |||
Other | (3 | ) | 2 | ||
$ | 45 | 9 | |||
I-13
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
DIRECTV
On February 27, 2008, Liberty completed a transaction (the "News Corporation Exchange") with News Corporation in which Liberty exchanged all of its 512.6 million shares of News Corporation common stock valued at $10,144 million on the closing date for a subsidiary of News Corporation that holds an approximate 41% interest in DIRECTV, three regional sports television networks ("Liberty Sports Group") and $465 million in cash. In addition, Liberty incurred $21 million of acquisition costs. Liberty recognized a pre-tax gain of $3,666 million based on the difference between the fair value and the weighted average cost basis of the News Corporation shares exchanged.
Liberty accounted for the News Corporation Exchange as a nonmonetary exchange under APB opinion No. 29 "Accounting for Nonmonetary Transactions." Accordingly, Liberty recorded the assets received at an amount equal to the fair value of the News Corporation common stock given up. Such amount was allocated to DIRECTV and Liberty Sports Group based on their relative fair values as follows (amounts in millions):
Cash | $ | 465 | |||
DIRECTV | 10,763 | ||||
Liberty Sports Group | 450 | ||||
Deferred tax liability | (1,513 | ) | |||
Total | $ | 10,165 | |||
The value attributed to Liberty's investment in DIRECTV exceeded Liberty's proportionate share of DIRECTV's equity. Such amount has been allocated within memo accounts used for equity accounting purposes as follows (amounts in millions):
Subscriber list | $ | 2,381 | |||
Trade name | 2,677 | ||||
Orbital slot | 3,693 | ||||
Goodwill | 2,546 | ||||
Satellites | 167 | ||||
Technology | 527 | ||||
Deferred tax liability | (3,778 | ) | |||
Total | $ | 8,213 | |||
Liberty estimated the fair values of Liberty Sports Group and DIRECTV's assets using a combination of discounted cash flows and market prices for comparable assets. Such estimates are preliminary and are subject to change upon completion of Liberty's purchase price allocation process. Liberty has ascribed a useful life of 7 years to the subscriber list, 13 years to the satellites, 5 years to the technology and indefinite lives to the orbital slots, tradenames and goodwill. Amortization related to the intangible assets with identifiable useful lives within the memo accounts is included in Liberty's share of earnings of DIRECTV in the accompanying condensed consolidated statement of operations and aggregated $23 million (net of related taxes) for the 1 month ended March 31, 2008.
Subsequent to March 31, 2008, Liberty purchased 78.3 million additional shares of DIRECTV common stock in a private transaction for cash consideration of $1.98 billion. Such purchase increased Liberty's ownership interest in DIRECTV to approximately 48%. Liberty funded the purchase with borrowings against a newly executed equity collar on 110 million DIRECTV common shares.
I-14
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
During the period from February 27, 2008 to March 31, 2008, subsidiaries of Liberty recognized $25 million in revenue from DIRECTV for distribution of their programming. The fair value of the Company's investment in DIRECTV was $11,662 million at March 31, 2008. Summarized unaudited financial information for DIRECTV is as follows:
DIRECTV Consolidated Balance Sheet
|
March 31, 2008 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
amounts in millions |
|||
Current assets | $ | 3,413 | ||
Satellites | 2,244 | |||
Property and equipment | 3,939 | |||
Goodwill | 3,669 | |||
Intangible assets | 1,481 | |||
Other assets | 838 | |||
Total assets | $ | 15,584 | ||
Current liabilities | $ | 3,401 | ||
Deferred income taxes | 612 | |||
Long-term debt | 3,332 | |||
Other liabilities | 1,533 | |||
Minority interest | 23 | |||
Stockholders' equity | 6,683 | |||
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 15,584 | ||
DIRECTV Consolidated Statement of Operations
|
Three months ended March 31, 2008 |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
amounts in millions |
||||
Revenue | $ | 4,591 | |||
Cost of revenue | (2,288 | ) | |||
Selling, general and administrative expenses | (1,122 | ) | |||
Depreciation and amortization | (524 | ) | |||
Operating income | 657 | ||||
Interest expense |
(63 |
) |
|||
Other income, net | 7 | ||||
Income tax expense | (230 | ) | |||
Net earnings | $ | 371 | |||
I-15
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Expedia
The fair value of the Company's investment in Expedia was $1,515 million and $2,189 million at March 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. Summarized unaudited financial information for Expedia is as follows:
Expedia Consolidated Balance Sheet
|
March 31, 2008 |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
amounts in millions |
|||
Current assets | $ | 1,299 | ||
Property and equipment | 184 | |||
Goodwill | 6,067 | |||
Intangible assets | 979 | |||
Other assets | 102 | |||
Total assets | $ | 8,631 | ||
Current liabilities | $ | 2,368 | ||
Deferred income taxes | 361 | |||
Long-term debt | 740 | |||
Other liabilities | 216 | |||
Minority interest | 60 | |||
Stockholders' equity | 4,886 | |||
Total liabilities and equity | $ | 8,631 | ||
Expedia Consolidated Statements of Operations
|
Three months ended March 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
|||||
|
amounts in millions |
||||||
Revenue | $ | 688 | 550 | ||||
Cost of revenue | (152 | ) | (121 | ) | |||
Gross profit | 536 | 429 | |||||
Selling, general and administrative expenses | (428 | ) | (341 | ) | |||
Amortization | (18 | ) | (21 | ) | |||
Operating income | 90 | 67 | |||||
Interest expense | (16 | ) | (11 | ) | |||
Other income | 6 | 3 | |||||
Income tax expense | (29 | ) | (24 | ) | |||
Net earnings | $ | 51 | 35 | ||||
(8) Investment in Special Purpose Entity
In April 2007, Liberty and a third party financial institution (the "Financial Institution") jointly created a series of special purpose entities (the "Investment Fund"). Pursuant to the terms of the
I-16
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Investment Fund, a Liberty subsidiary borrowed $750 million from the Financial Institution with the intent to invest such proceeds in a portfolio of selected debt and mezzanine-level instruments of companies in the telecommunications, media and technology sectors (the "Debt Securities"). One of the special purpose entities ("MFC") in the Investment Fund was a variable interest entity of which the Financial Institution was deemed the primary beneficiary and thus its parent for consolidation purposes. Liberty contributed the borrowed funds to MFC in exchange for a mandatorily redeemable preferred stock interest. MFC subsequently invested the proceeds as an equity investment in another special purpose entity ("LCAP Investments LLC") which will make and hold the investments in the Debt Securities. A Liberty subsidiary separately made a nominal investment in LCAP Investments LLC which allows it to serve as its Managing Member. LCAP Investments LLC is considered a variable interest entity of which Liberty is deemed the primary beneficiary as a result of various special profit and loss allocations set forth in the governing agreements. As a result, LCAP Investments LLC is treated as a consolidated subsidiary of Liberty. Liberty is required to post cash collateral for the benefit of the Financial Institution of up to 20% of the cost of the Debt Securities.
Prior to the first quarter of 2008, the various accounting treatment determinations noted above for MFC and LCAP Investments LLC, as prescribed by FIN 46, "Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities," and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 150, "Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity," and related interpretations, resulted in Liberty recording a balance sheet gross-up of the elements in the Investment Fund. The cash balances and Debt Securities held by LCAP Investments LLC are consolidated with Liberty and included in restricted cash and available-for-sale securities, respectively. The $750 million of bank financing held by the Liberty subsidiary is included in Liberty's consolidated debt balance. In addition, the preferred stock interest in MFC was presented separately as a long-term asset, and the equity interest held by MFC in LCAP Investments LLC was reflected as minority interest in Liberty's condensed consolidated balance sheet. The structural form of the Investment Fund did not meet the GAAP requirements necessary to offset, net or otherwise eliminate the gross-up of balance sheet accounts.
In the first quarter of 2008 and as a result of the occurrence of certain triggering events contained in the terms of the Investment Fund, a portion of the Investment Fund structure was unwound, and MFC was liquidated. Accordingly, Liberty's preferred stock investment in MFC and the minority interest in LCAP Investments LLC were eliminated in equal amounts.
The amount of restricted cash in the Investment Fund at March 31, 2008 is $649 million and is reflected in other long-term assets in Liberty's condensed consolidated balance sheet.
I-17
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(9) Intangible Assets
Goodwill
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the three months ended March 31, 2008 are as follows:
|
QVC |
Starz Entertainment |
Other |
Total |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
amounts in millions |
||||||||||
Balance at January 1, 2008 | $ | 5,419 | 1,371 | 1,065 | 7,855 | ||||||
Acquisitions(1) | | | 252 | 252 | |||||||
Foreign currency translation | 38 | | (2 | ) | 36 | ||||||
Other | (2 | ) | | | (2 | ) | |||||
Balance at March 31, 2008 | $ | 5,455 | 1,371 | 1,315 | 8,141 | ||||||
Amortizable Intangible Assets
Amortization of intangible assets with finite useful lives was $131 million and $116 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Based on its current amortizable intangible assets, Liberty expects that amortization expense will be as follows for the next five years (amounts in millions):
Remainder of 2008 | $ | 388 | |
2009 | $ | 475 | |
2010 | $ | 439 | |
2011 | $ | 402 | |
2012 | $ | 381 |
I-18
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(10) Financial Instruments
The Company's financial instruments are summarized as follows:
Type of financial instrument |
March 31, 2008 |
December 31, 2007 |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
amounts in millions |
||||||
Assets | |||||||
Equity collars | $ | 1,914 | 1,458 | ||||
Other | 29 | 155 | |||||
1,943 | 1,613 | ||||||
Less current portion | (33 | ) | (23 | ) | |||
$ | 1,910 | 1,590 | |||||
Liabilities | |||||||
Borrowed shares | $ | 751 | 1,183 | ||||
Other | 210 | 199 | |||||
961 | 1,382 | ||||||
Less current portion | (807 | ) | (1,206 | ) | |||
$ | 154 | 176 | |||||
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on financial instruments are comprised of changes in fair value of the following:
|
Three months ended March 31, |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
||||
|
amounts in millions |
|||||
Statement 159 Securities(1) | $ | (1,421 | ) | | ||
Senior exchangeable debentures | 337 | 170 | ||||
Equity collars | 558 | 64 | ||||
Borrowed shares | 432 | 161 | ||||
Other derivatives | (191 | ) | (51 | ) | ||
$ | (285 | ) | 344 | |||
I-19
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
(11) Long-Term Debt
Debt is summarized as follows:
|
|
Carrying value |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Outstanding principal March 31, 2008 |
|||||||||
|
March 31, 2008 |
December 31, 2007 |
||||||||
|
amounts in millions |
|||||||||
Exchangeable senior debentures | ||||||||||
3.125% Exchangeable Senior Debentures due 2023 | $ | 1,264 | 1,256 | 1,820 | ||||||
4% Exchangeable Senior Debentures due 2029 | 869 | 469 | 556 | |||||||
3.75% Exchangeable Senior Debentures due 2030 | 810 | 399 | 463 | |||||||
3.5% Exchangeable Senior Debentures due 2031 | 499 | 355 | 432 | |||||||
3.25% Exchangeable Senior Debentures due 2031 | 551 | 385 | 419 | |||||||
Senior notes and debentures | ||||||||||
7.875% Senior Notes due 2009 | 670 | 669 | 668 | |||||||
7.75% Senior Notes due 2009 | 233 | 234 | 234 | |||||||
5.7% Senior Notes due 2013 | 803 | 801 | 801 | |||||||
8.5% Senior Debentures due 2029 | 500 | 495 | 495 | |||||||
8.25% Senior Debentures due 2030 | 902 | 895 | 895 | |||||||
Liberty bank facility | 750 | 750 | 750 | |||||||
Other parent debt | 625 | 625 | | |||||||
QVC bank credit facilities | 4,489 | 4,489 | 4,023 | |||||||
Other subsidiary debt | 180 | 180 | 159 | |||||||
Total consolidated Liberty debt | $ | 13,145 | 12,002 | 11,715 | ||||||
Less current maturities | (179 | ) | (191 | ) | ||||||
Total long-term debt | $ | 11,823 | 11,524 | |||||||
3.125% Exchangeable Senior Debentures
The holders of Liberty's former 0.75% Exchangeable Senior Debentures due 2023 had the right to put such debentures to Liberty at 100% of par during the period from February 25, 2008 to March 24, 2008 for payment on March 31, 2008. Holders of approximately $486 million principal amount of debentures surrendered them for repurchase. Liberty elected to pay cash for the validly tendered debentures and obtained the necessary cash with borrowings against one of its equity collars. In addition, Liberty modified the terms of the debentures. Such modifications included (i) deferral of Liberty's ability to redeem the debentures from April 5, 2008 to April 5, 2013, (ii) surrender of Liberty's right to pay holders with shares of Time Warner common stock upon maturity or redemption (but continue to allow Liberty to settle with Time Warner stock upon exchange by a holder) and (iii) an increase in the rate of interest from 0.75% to 3.125% beginning March 30, 2008.
Liberty Bank Facility
Represents borrowings related to the Investment Fund described in note 8 above. Borrowings accrue interest at a rate of LIBOR plus an applicable margin.
I-20
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
QVC Bank Credit Facilities
QVC is party to an unsecured $3.5 billion bank credit facility dated March 3, 2006 (the "March 2006 Credit Agreement"). The March 2006 Credit Agreement is comprised of two $800 million U.S. dollar term loans, a $600 million multi-currency term loan that was drawn in U.S. dollars, a $650 million U.S. dollar revolving loan and a $650 million multi-currency revolving loan. The foregoing multi-currency loans can be made, at QVC's option, in U.S. dollars, Japanese yen, U.K. pound sterling or euros. All loans are due and payable on March 3, 2011.
QVC is party to a second credit agreement dated October 4, 2006, as amended on March 20, 2007 (the "October 2006 Credit Agreement"), which provides for an additional unsecured $1.75 billion credit facility, consisting of an $800 million initial term loan, and $950 million of delayed draw term loans, all of which has been drawn. The loans are scheduled to mature on October 4, 2011.
All loans under the March 2006 Credit Agreement and the October 2006 Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate equal to (i) LIBOR for the interest period selected by QVC plus a margin that varies based on QVC's leverage ratio or (ii) the higher of the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50% or the prime rate announced by the respective Administrative Agent from time to time. QVC is required to pay a commitment fee quarterly in arrears on the unused portion of the commitments. Such fees were not significant in 2008 or 2007.
The credit agreements contain restrictive covenants regarding, among other matters, the maintenance of certain financial ratios and limitations on indebtedness, liens, encumbrances, dispositions, guarantees and dividends. QVC was in compliance with its debt covenants at March 31, 2008. QVC's ability to borrow the unused portion of its credit agreements is dependent on its continuing compliance with such covenants both before and after giving effect to such additional borrowings.
QVC Interest Rate Swap Arrangements
QVC is a party to ten separate interest rate swap arrangements with an aggregate notional amount of $2,200 million to manage the cash flow risk associated with interest payments on its variable rate debt. The swap arrangements provide for QVC to make fixed payments at rates ranging from 4.9575% to 5.2928% and to receive variable payments at 3 month LIBOR. All of the swap arrangements expire in March 2011 contemporaneously with the maturity of the March 2006 Credit Agreement. QVC is also party to an interest rate swap arrangement with a notional amount of $500 million. This swap arrangement, which expires in September 2008, provides for QVC to make fixed payments at 4.71% and to receive variable payments at 1 month LIBOR. Liberty accounts for the swap arrangements as cash flow hedges with the effective portions of changes in the fair value reflected in other comprehensive earnings in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Other Subsidiary Debt
Other subsidiary debt at March 31, 2008, is comprised of capitalized satellite transponder lease obligations and bank debt of certain subsidiaries.
Fair Value of Debt
Liberty estimates the fair value of its debt based on the quoted market prices for the same or similar issues or on the current rate offered to Liberty for debt of the same remaining maturities. The fair value of Liberty's publicly traded debt securities that are not reported at fair value in the
I-21
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet at March 31, 2008 is as follows (amounts in millions):
Senior notes | $ | 1,648 | |
Senior debentures | $ | 1,176 |
Due to its variable rate nature, Liberty believes that the carrying amount of its subsidiary debt and other parent debt approximated fair value at March 31, 2008.
(12) Income Taxes
Effective Tax Rate
The News Corporation Exchange qualifies as an IRC Section 355 transaction, and therefore does not trigger federal or state income tax obligations. In addition, upon consummation of this exchange transaction, deferred tax liabilities previously recorded for the difference between Liberty's book and tax bases in its News Corporation investment in the amount of $1,791 million were reversed with an offset to income tax benefit. Accordingly, an income tax benefit adjustment of approximately $2,933 million will be included in Liberty's reconciliation of computed "expected" income taxes to actual income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2008.
IRS Settlement
From the date Liberty issued its exchangeable debentures through 2007, Liberty claimed interest deductions on such exchangeable debentures for federal income tax purposes based on the "comparable yield" at which it could have issued a fixed-rate debenture with similar terms and conditions. In all instances, this policy resulted in Liberty claiming interest deductions significantly in excess of the cash interest currently paid on its exchangeable debentures. In this regard, Liberty deducted $2,847 million in cumulative interest expense associated with the exchangeable debentures since the Company's 2001 split off from AT&T Corp. ("AT&T"). Of that amount, $844 million represents cash interest payments. Interest deducted in prior years on its exchangeable debentures has contributed to net operating losses ("NOLs") or offset taxable income earned in prior taxable years and is offsetting taxable income earned in the current year.
In connection with the IRS' examination of Liberty's 2003 through 2007 tax returns, the IRS notified Liberty during the third quarter of 2007 that it believed the interest expense on Liberty's exchangeable debentures was not deductible for the period following Liberty's split-off from AT&T. In February 2008, Liberty reached a settlement with the IRS, which stipulated that interest deductions claimed on a portion of the exchangeable debentures were disallowed and instead would reduce Liberty's gain on the future redemption or other retirement of such debt. The cumulative amount of interest deductions disallowed through December 31, 2007 under the settlement is $546 million. As a result, a portion of Liberty's NOLs were eliminated and Liberty had net taxable income in 2006 and 2007. Consequently, Liberty expects to remit federal income tax payments in 2008 and beyond.
The settlement did not have a material impact on Liberty's total tax expense as the resulting increase in current tax expense was largely offset by a decrease in deferred tax expense.
(13) Related Party Transactions
The Company has made interest-bearing cash advances to New Liberty. Such advances aggregated $3,759 million as of March 31, 2008. Interest, which accrues daily at 1-year LIBOR plus 1.35% (6.67%
I-22
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
at March 31, 2008), aggregated $60 million and $16 million for the three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively.
(14) Commitments and Contingencies
Film Rights
Starz Entertainment, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Liberty, provides video programming distributed by cable operators, direct-to-home satellite providers, other distributors and via the Internet throughout the United States. Starz Entertainment has entered into agreements with a number of motion picture producers which obligate Starz Entertainment to pay fees ("Programming Fees") for the rights to exhibit certain films that are released by these producers. The unpaid balance of Programming Fees for films that were available for exhibition by Starz Entertainment at March 31, 2008 is reflected as a liability in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. The balance due as of March 31, 2008 is payable as follows: $83 million in 2008, $14 million in 2009 and $6 million thereafter.
Starz Entertainment has also contracted to pay Programming Fees for the rights to exhibit films that have been released theatrically, but are not available for exhibition by Starz Entertainment until some future date. These amounts have not been accrued at March 31, 2008. Starz Entertainment's estimate of amounts payable under these agreements is as follows: $381 million in 2008; $230 million in 2009; $101 million in 2010; $101 million in 2011; $94 million in 2012; and $178 million thereafter.
In addition, Starz Entertainment is also obligated to pay Programming Fees for all qualifying films that are released theatrically in the United States by studios owned by The Walt Disney Company ("Disney") through 2012 and all qualifying films that are released theatrically in the United States by studios owned by Sony Pictures Entertainment ("Sony") through 2013. Films are generally available to Starz Entertainment for exhibition 10 - 12 months after their theatrical release. The Programming Fees to be paid by Starz Entertainment are based on the quantity and the domestic theatrical exhibition receipts of qualifying films. As these films have not yet been released in theatres, Starz Entertainment is unable to estimate the amounts to be paid under these output agreements. However, such amounts are expected to be significant.
In connection with an option exercised by Sony to extend the Sony contract through 2013, Starz Entertainment has agreed to pay Sony a total of $190 million in four annual installments of $47.5 million beginning in 2011. Such payments to Sony will be amortized ratably as programming expense over the three-year period beginning in 2012.
Guarantees
Liberty guarantees Starz Entertainment's obligations under certain of its studio output agreements. At March 31, 2008, Liberty's guarantee for obligations for films released by such date aggregated $732 million. While the guarantee amount for films not yet released is not determinable, such amount is expected to be significant. As noted above, Starz Entertainment has recognized the liability for a portion of its obligations under the output agreements. As this represents a commitment of Starz Entertainment, a consolidated subsidiary of Liberty, Liberty has not recorded a separate liability for its guarantee of these obligations.
In connection with agreements for the sale of certain assets, Liberty typically retains liabilities that relate to events occurring prior to its sale, such as tax, environmental, litigation and employment matters. Liberty generally indemnifies the purchaser in the event that a third party asserts a claim against the purchaser that relates to a liability retained by Liberty. These types of indemnification
I-23
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
guarantees typically extend for a number of years. Liberty is unable to estimate the maximum potential liability for these types of indemnification guarantees as the sale agreements typically do not specify a maximum amount and the amounts are dependent upon the outcome of future contingent events, the nature and likelihood of which cannot be determined at this time. Historically, Liberty has not made any significant indemnification payments under such agreements and no amount has been accrued in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements with respect to these indemnification guarantees.
Employment Contracts
ANLBC and certain of its players and coaches have entered into long-term employment contracts whereby such individuals' compensation is guaranteed. Amounts due under guaranteed contracts as of March 31, 2008 aggregated $187 million, which is payable as follows: $65 million in 2008, $57 million in 2009, $26 million in 2010 and $39 million thereafter. In addition to the foregoing amounts, certain players and coaches may earn incentive compensation under the terms of their employment contracts.
Operating Leases
Liberty and its subsidiaries lease business offices and other facilities, have entered into satellite transponder lease agreements and use certain equipment under lease arrangements.
Litigation
Liberty has contingent liabilities related to legal and tax proceedings and other matters arising in the ordinary course of business. Although it is reasonably possible Liberty may incur losses upon conclusion of such matters, an estimate of any loss or range of loss cannot be made. In the opinion of management, it is expected that amounts, if any, which may be required to satisfy such contingencies will not be material in relation to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.
(15) Operating Segments
Liberty is a holding company which, through its ownership of interests in subsidiaries and other companies, is primarily engaged in the video and on-line commerce, media, communications and entertainment industries. Each of Liberty's businesses is separately managed. Liberty identifies its reportable segments as (A) those consolidated subsidiaries that represent 10% or more of its consolidated revenue, earnings before income taxes or total assets and (B) those equity method affiliates whose share of earnings represent 10% or more of Liberty's consolidated earnings before income taxes.
Liberty evaluates performance and makes decisions about allocating resources to its operating segments based on financial measures such as revenue, operating cash flow, gross margin, average sales price per unit, number of units shipped, and revenue or sales per customer equivalent. In addition, Liberty reviews non-financial measures such as subscriber growth and penetration, as appropriate.
Liberty defines operating cash flow as revenue less cost of sales, operating expenses, and selling, general and administrative expenses (excluding stock-based compensation). Liberty believes this measure is an important indicator of the operational strength and performance of its businesses, including each business's ability to service debt and fund capital expenditures. In addition, this measure allows management to view operating results and perform analytical comparisons and benchmarking between businesses and identify strategies to improve performance. This measure of performance
I-24
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
excludes depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, separately reported litigation settlements and restructuring and impairment charges that are included in the measurement of operating income pursuant to GAAP. Accordingly, operating cash flow should be considered in addition to, but not as a substitute for, operating income, net income, cash flow provided by operating activities and other measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. Liberty generally accounts for intersegment sales and transfers as if the sales or transfers were to third parties, that is, at current prices.
For the three months ended March 31, 2008, Liberty has identified the following businesses as its reportable segments:
Liberty's reportable segments are strategic business units that offer different products and services. They are managed separately because each segment requires different technologies, distribution channels and marketing strategies. The accounting policies of the segments that are also consolidated subsidiaries are the same as those described in the summary of significant policies.
Performance Measures
|
Three months ended March 31, |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
||||||||
|
Revenue |
Operating cash flow (deficit) |
Revenue |
Operating cash flow (deficit) |
||||||
|
amounts in millions |
|||||||||
QVC | $ | 1,765 | 387 | 1,684 | 374 | |||||
Starz Entertainment | 273 | 74 | 265 | 73 | ||||||
Corporate and other | 313 | (38 | ) | 174 | (25 | ) | ||||
Consolidated Liberty | $ | 2,351 | 423 | 2,123 | 422 | |||||
Other Information
|
March 31, 2008 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Total assets |
Investments in affiliates |
Capital expenditures |
||||
|
amounts in millions |
||||||
QVC | $ | 21,356 | 10 | 31 | |||
Starz Entertainment | 2,719 | | 1 | ||||
Corporate and other | 20,660 | 12,606 | 22 | ||||
Consolidated Liberty | $ | 44,735 | 12,616 | 54 | |||
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LIBERTY MEDIA LLC AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The following table provides a reconciliation of consolidated segment operating cash flow to earnings from continuing operations before income taxes and minority interests:
|
Three months ended March 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
|||||
|
amounts in millions |
||||||
Consolidated segment operating cash flow | $ | 423 | 422 | ||||
Stock-based compensation | (16 | ) | (22 | ) | |||
Depreciation and amortization | (177 | ) | (151 | ) | |||
Interest expense | (166 | ) | (150 | ) | |||
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on financial instruments, net | (285 | ) | 344 | ||||
Gains on dispositions of assets, net | 3,682 | 6 | |||||
Other, net | 162 | 100 | |||||
Earnings from continuing operations before income taxes and minority interests | $ | 3,623 | 549 | ||||
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Information Regarding Forward Looking Statements
Certain statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements regarding our business, product and marketing strategies, new service offerings, revenue growth, business prospects and subscriber trends at QVC and Starz Entertainment, anticipated programming and marketing costs at Starz Entertainment, our expectations regarding Starz Media's results of operations for the next two to three years, our projected sources and uses of cash, the estimated value of our financial instruments, and the anticipated non-material impact of certain contingent liabilities related to legal and tax proceedings and other matters arising in the ordinary course of our business. Where, in any forward-looking statement, we express an expectation or belief as to future results or events, such expectation or belief is expressed in good faith and believed to have a reasonable basis, but such statements necessarily involve risks and uncertainties and there can be no assurance that the statement of expectation or belief will result or be achieved or accomplished. The following include some but not all of the factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those anticipated:
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For additional risk factors, please see Part 1, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 and Part 2, Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These forward-looking statements and such risks, uncertainties and other factors speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report, and we expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to disseminate any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statement contained herein, to reflect any change in its expectations with regard thereto, or any other change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based.
The following discussion and analysis provides information concerning our results of operations and financial condition. This discussion should be read in conjunction with our accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Overview
We own controlling and noncontrolling interests in a broad range of video and on-line commerce, media, communications and entertainment companies. Our more significant operating subsidiaries, which are also our reportable segments, are QVC and Starz Entertainment. QVC markets and sells a wide variety of consumer products in the United States and several foreign countries, primarily by means of televised shopping programs on the QVC networks and via the Internet through its domestic and international websites. Starz Entertainment provides video programming distributed by cable operators, direct-to-home satellite providers, telephone companies, other distributors and the Internet throughout the United States.
Our "Corporate and Other" category includes our other consolidated subsidiaries and corporate expenses. Our other consolidated subsidiaries include Provide Commerce, Inc., Starz Media, LLC ("Starz Media"), FUN Technologies, Inc. ("FUN"), Atlanta National League Baseball Club, Inc., Leisure Arts, Inc. TruePosition, Inc. ("TruePosition"), BuySeasons, Inc. ("BuySeasons"), Backcountry.com, Inc. ("Backcountry"), Bodybuilding.com, LLC ("Bodybuilding") and WFRV and WJMN Television Station, Inc. Provide operates an e-commerce marketplace of websites for perishable goods, including flowers, gourmet foods, fruits and desserts. Starz Media is focused on developing, acquiring, producing and distributing live-action, computer-generated and traditional television animated productions for the home video, film, broadcast and direct-to-consumer markets. FUN operates websites that offer casual gaming and fantasy sports services. ANLBC, which we acquired in May 2007, owns the Atlanta Braves, a major league baseball club, as well as certain of the Atlanta Braves' minor league clubs. Leisure Arts, which we acquired in May 2007, publishes and markets needlework, craft, decorating, entertaining and other lifestyle interest "how-to" books. TruePosition provides equipment and technology that deliver location-based services to wireless users. BuySeasons operates BuyCostumes.com, an online retailer of costumes, accessories, décor and party supplies.
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Backcountry, which we acquired in June 2007, operates six websites offering outdoor and backcountry sports gear and clothing. Bodybuilding.com, which we acquired on December 31, 2007, manages two websites related to sports nutrition, body building and fitness. WFRV TV Station, which we acquired in April 2007, is a CBS broadcast affiliate that serves Green Bay, Wisconsin and Escanaba, Michigan.
In addition to the foregoing businesses, we hold an approximate 48% ownership interest in The DIRECTV Group, Inc. and an approximate 24% ownership interest in Expedia, Inc., which we account for as equity method investments, and we continue to maintain significant investments and related financial instruments in public companies such as Time Warner, IAC/InterActiveCorp and Sprint Nextel Corporation, which are accounted for at their respective fair market values and are included in corporate and other.
2008 Completed Transactions
News Corporation. On February 27, 2008, we completed a transaction with News Corporation in which we exchanged all of our 512.6 million shares of News Corporation common stock valued at $10,144 million on the closing date for a subsidiary of News Corporation that holds an approximate 41% interest in DIRECTV, Liberty Sports Group and $465 million in cash. In addition, we incurred $21 million of acquisition costs. We recognized a pre-tax gain of $3,666 million based on the difference between the fair value and the weighted average cost basis of the News Corporation shares exchanged.
Results of Operations
To assist you in understanding and analyzing our business in the same manner we do, we have organized the following discussion of our results of operations into two parts: Consolidated Operating Results and Operating Results by Business.
In addition to the 2008 completion of the News Corporation Exchange, we completed several acquisitions in 2007 that impact the comparability of our 2007 and 2008 results of operations. Those acquisitions and the months in which they occurred are: WFRV TV Station in April 2007, ANLBC and Leisure Arts in May 2007, Backcountry in June 2007 and Bodybuilding in December 2007.
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Consolidated Operating Results
|
Three months ended March 31, |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
||||||
|
amounts in millions |
|||||||
Revenue | ||||||||
QVC | $ | 1,765 | 1,684 | |||||
Starz Entertainment | 273 | 265 | ||||||
Corporate and other | 313 | 174 | ||||||
Consolidated Liberty | $ | 2,351 | 2,123 | |||||
Operating Cash Flow (Deficit) | ||||||||
QVC | $ | 387 | 374 | |||||
Starz Entertainment | 74 | 73 | ||||||
Corporate and other | (38 | ) | (25 | ) | ||||
Consolidated Liberty | $ | 423 | 422 | |||||
Operating Income (Loss) | ||||||||
QVC | $ | 250 | 243 | |||||
Starz Entertainment | 60 | 60 | ||||||
Corporate and other | (80 | ) | (54 | ) | ||||
Consolidated Liberty | $ | 230 | 249 | |||||
Revenue. Our consolidated revenue increased 10.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2008, as compared to the corresponding prior year period. In addition to the increases for QVC and Starz Entertainment, the three month increase is due primarily to $44 million generated by Backcountry, which we acquired in June 2007, $29 million generated by Bodybuilding, which we acquired in December 2007 and $21 million generated by Liberty Sports Group, which we acquired at the end of February 2008. See Operating Results by Business below for a more complete discussion of QVC's and Starz Entertainment's results of operations.
Operating cash flow. We define Operating Cash Flow as revenue less cost of sales, operating expenses and selling, general and administrative expenses (excluding stock-based compensation). Our chief operating decision maker and management team use this measure of performance in conjunction with other measures to evaluate our businesses and make decisions about allocating resources among our businesses. We believe this measure is an important indicator of the operational strength and performance of our businesses, including each business's ability to service debt and fund capital expenditures. In addition, this measure allows us to view operating results, perform analytical comparisons and benchmarking between businesses and identify strategies to improve performance. This measure of performance excludes such costs as depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, separately reported litigation settlements and restructuring and impairment charges that are included in the measurement of operating income pursuant to generally accepted accounting principles. Accordingly, Operating Cash Flow should be considered in addition to, but not as a substitute for, operating income, net earnings, cash flow provided by operating activities and other measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. See note 15 to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements for a reconciliation of Operating Cash Flow to Earnings (Loss) from Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes and Minority Interests.
Consolidated Operating Cash Flow was flat during the three months ended March 31, 2008, as compared to the corresponding prior year period, as increases due to acquisitions were offset by an increased operating cash flow deficit for Starz Media, ANLBC and TruePosition. ANLBC's business is
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seasonal with the vast majority of its revenue recognized in the second and third quarters of the year. Therefore, ANLBC generally operates at a loss in the first and fourth quarters.
Stock-based compensation. Stock-based compensation includes compensation related to (1) options and stock appreciation rights for shares of our common stock that are granted to certain of our officers and employees, (2) phantom stock appreciation rights ("PSARs") granted to officers and employees of certain of our subsidiaries pursuant to private equity plans and (3) amortization of restricted stock grants.
We recorded $16 million of stock compensation expense for the three months ended March 31, 2008, compared with $22 million for the comparable period in 2007. As of March 31, 2008, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to our unvested equity awards was approximately $77 million. Such amount will be recognized in our consolidated statements of operations over a weighted average period of approximately 1.9 years.
Operating income. Consolidated operating income decreased $19 million or 7.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2008, as compared to the corresponding prior year period. The three month decrease is due primarily to ANLBC and Starz Media. Starz Media's operating cash flow deficit and operating loss increased in 2008 due primarily to marketing and advertising costs incurred in connection with the theatrical release of two films by Overture Films. We currently expect Starz Media to continue incurring operating cash flow deficits and operating losses for the next two to three years.
Other Income and Expense
Interest expense. Consolidated interest expense increased 10.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2008. Such increase is due to increased borrowings on the QVC credit facilities and interest on borrowings made under the terms of the Investment Fund.
Dividend and interest income. Consolidated dividend and interest income decreased in 2008 due to the elimination of News Corporation dividends as a result of the News Corporation Exchange, partially offset by interest income on higher invested cash balances.
Share of earnings of affiliates. Our share of earnings of affiliates in 2008 are primarily attributable to Expedia ($12 million) and DIRECTV ($36 million). Our share of earnings of DIRECTV include $23 million of amortization (net of related taxes) of identifiable intangibles included in our excess basis as described in note 7 to the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on financial instruments. Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on financial instruments are comprised of changes in the fair value of the following:
|
Three months ended March 31, |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
||||
|
amounts in millions |
|||||
Statement 159 Securities(1) | $ | (1,421 | ) | | ||
Senior exchangeable debentures | 337 | 170 | ||||
Equity collars | 558 | 64 | ||||
Borrowed shares | 432 | 161 | ||||
Other derivatives | (191 | ) | (51 | ) | ||
$ | (285 | ) | 344 | |||
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Gains on disposition, net. Gains on dispositions in 2008 include $3,666 million related to the News Corporation Exchange.
Income taxes. For the three months ended March 31, 2008, we recorded pre-tax earnings of $3,611 million and an income tax benefit of $1,884 million. The News Corporation Exchange qualifies as an IRC Section 355 transaction, and therefore does not trigger federal or state income tax obligations. In addition, upon consummation of the exchange transaction, deferred tax liabilities previously recorded for the difference between our book and tax bases in our News Corporation investment in the amount of $1,791 million were reversed with an offset to income tax benefit.
Net earnings. Our net earnings were $5,495 million and $379 million for three months ended March 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Such change is due to the aforementioned fluctuations in revenue and expenses. In addition, we recognized $42 million of earnings from discontinued operations in 2007.
Operating Results by Business
QVC. QVC is a retailer of a wide range of consumer products, which are marketed and sold primarily by merchandise-focused televised shopping programs and via the Internet. In the United States, the program is aired live through its nationally televised shopping network24 hours a day, 7 days a week ("QVC-US"). Internationally, QVC has electronic retailing program services based in the United Kingdom ("QVC-UK"), Germany ("QVC-Germany") and Japan ("QVC-Japan"). QVC-UK broadcasts 24 hours a day with 17 hours of live programming, and QVC-Germany and QVC-Japan each broadcast live 24 hours a day.
QVC's operating results are as follows:
|
Three months ended March 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
|||||
|
amounts in millions |
||||||
Net revenue | $ | 1,765 | 1,684 | ||||
Cost of sales | (1,120 | ) | (1,060 | ) | |||
Gross profit | 645 | 624 | |||||
Operating expenses | (169 | ) | (158 | ) | |||
SG&A expenses (excluding stock-based compensation) | (89 | ) | (92 | ) | |||
Operating cash flow | 387 | 374 | |||||
Stock-based compensationSG&A | (5 | ) | (11 | ) | |||
Depreciation and amortization | (132 | ) | (120 | ) | |||
Operating income | $ | 250 | 243 | ||||
Net revenue is generated in the following geographic areas:
|
Three months ended March 31, |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
|||
|
amounts in millions |
||||
QVC-US | $ | 1,176 | 1,174 | ||
QVC-UK | 172 | 152 | |||
QVC-Germany | 249 | 215 | |||
QVC-Japan | 168 | 143 | |||
$ | 1,765 | 1,684 | |||
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QVC's consolidated net revenue increased 4.8% during the three months ended March 31, 2008, as compared to the corresponding prior year period. The three month increase in revenue is comprised of $54 million due to favorable foreign currency rates and $51 million due to a 3.3% increase in the average sales price per unit. These increases were partially offset by an increase in estimated product returns and a decrease in the number of units shipped from 38.9 million in 2007 to 38.6 million in 2008. Returns as a percent of gross product revenue increase from 19.0% to 19.9% and reflect a shift in the mix from home products to apparel and jewelry products, which typically have higher return rates.
As noted above, during the three months ended March 31, 2008, the changes in revenue and expenses were impacted by fluctuations in the exchange rates for the UK pound sterling, the euro and the Japanese yen. In the event the U.S. dollar strengthens against these foreign currencies in the future, QVC's reported revenue and operating cash flow will be negatively impacted. The percentage increase in revenue for each of QVC's geographic areas in U.S. dollars and in local currency is as follows:
|
Percentage increase in net revenue |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Three months ended March 31, 2008 |
||||
|
U.S. dollars |
Local currency |
|||
QVC-US | 0.2 | % | 0.2 | % | |
QVC-UK | 12.8 | % | 11.4 | % | |
QVC-Germany | 16.0 | % | 1.4 | % | |
QVC-Japan | 17.7 | % | 3.5 | % |
Revenue for QVC-US continues to be negatively impacted by a slow retail environment. QVC-Germany net revenue in local currency increased modestly during the three months ended March 31, 2008 relative to the prior period as it continues to encounter increased competition and a soft retail market. QVC-Japan increased net revenue in local currency during the three months ended March 31, 2008, as compared to the prior year period, as it begins to overcome the impacts of the heightened regulatory focus on health and beauty product presentations which began in March 2007 and caused QVC-Japan to remove a number of products from its programming.
The QVC service is already received by substantially all of the cable television and direct broadcast satellite homes in the U.S. and Germany. In addition, the rate of growth in households is expected to diminish in the UK and Japan. Therefore, future sales growth will primarily depend on continued additions of new customers from homes already receiving the QVC service and continued growth in sales to existing customers. QVC's future sales may also be affected by (i) the willingness of cable and satellite distributors to continue carrying QVC's programming service, (ii) QVC's ability to maintain favorable channel positioning, which may become more difficult as distributors convert analog customers to digital, (iii) changes in television viewing habits because of personal video recorders, video-on-demand and IP television and (iv) general economic conditions.
QVC's gross profit percentage decreased from 37.1% to 36.5% during the three months ended March 31, 2008, as compared to the corresponding prior year period. Such decrease is due primarily to lower initial product margins in the home and apparel product areas.
QVC's operating expenses are principally comprised of commissions, order processing and customer service expenses, production costs, telecommunications expense and credit card processing fees. Operating expenses increased 7.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2008, as compared to the corresponding prior year period. Such increase is primarily due to the increase in sales volume and an increase in commissions due to new fixed-rate agreements in QVC-UK and QVC-Japan. Operating expenses as a percent of revenue were 9.6% in 2008 and 9.4% in 2007.
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QVC's SG&A expenses include personnel, information technology, provision for doubtful accounts, marketing and advertising expenses. Such expenses decreased 3.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2008, as compared to the corresponding prior year period. Such increase is due primarily to a $5 million accrual for a legal settlement recorded in 2007 partially offset by higher bad debt expense in 2008.
QVC's operating cash flow increased 3.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2008, as compared to the corresponding prior year period. Such increase in operating cash flow was less than the percentage increase in revenue primarily due to the decrease in gross profit percentage discussed above, as well as the increases noted in operating expenses.
Starz Entertainment. Starz Entertainment primarily provides premium programming distributed by cable operators, direct-to-home satellite providers, telephone companies, other distributors and the Internet throughout the United States. Substantially all of Starz Entertainment's revenue is derived from the delivery of movies to subscribers under affiliation agreements with television video programming distributors. Some of Starz Entertainment's affiliation agreements provide for payments to Starz Entertainment based on the number of subscribers that receive Starz Entertainment's services. Starz Entertainment also has fixed-rate affiliation agreements with certain of its customers. Pursuant to these agreements, the customers generally pay an agreed-upon rate regardless of the number of subscribers. The agreed-upon rate is contractually increased annually or semi-annually as the case may be, and these agreements expire in 2008 through 2012. During the three months ended March 31, 2008, 71% of Starz Entertainment's revenue was generated by its four largest customers, Comcast Corporation, Echostar Communications, DIRECTV and Time Warner Inc., each of which individually generated more than 10% of Starz Entertainment's revenue for such period. Starz Entertainment's affiliation agreements with DIRECTV and EchoStar expire in December 2008 and June 2009, respectively. In addition, the affiliation agreement with Time Warner has expired. Starz Entertainment is currently in negotiations with Time Warner regarding a new agreement. There can be no assurance that any new agreement with Time Warner will have economic terms comparable to the old agreement.
Starz Entertainment's operating results are as follows:
|
Three months ended March 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2008 |
2007 |
|||||
|
amounts in millions |
||||||
Revenue | $ | 273 | 265 | ||||
Operating expenses | (167 | ) | (167 | ) | |||
SG&A expenses | (32 | ) | (25 | ) | |||
Operating cash flow | 74 | 73 | |||||
Stock-based compensation | (10 | ) | (7 | ) | |||
Depreciation and amortization | (4 | ) | (6 | ) | |||
Operating income | $ | 60 | 60 | ||||
Starz Entertainment's revenue increased 3.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2008, as compared to the corresponding prior year period. Such increase is due to a higher effective rate for Starz Entertainment's services. The Starz movie service and the Encore and Thematic Multiplex Channels ("EMP") movie service are the primary drivers of Starz Entertainment's revenue. Starz average subscription units increased 5.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2008, and EMP average subscription units increased 11.8% for such period. The effects of these increases in subscription units are somewhat mitigated by Starz Entertainment's fixed-rate affiliation agreements. In this regard, approximately 35.8% of Starz Entertainment's revenue was earned under its fixed-rate affiliation agreements during the three months ended March 31, 2008.
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At March 31, 2008, cable, DTH satellite, and other distribution media represented 67.0%, 29.3% and 3.7%, respectively, of Starz Entertainment's total subscription units.
Starz Entertainment's operating expenses were flat for the three months ended March 31, 2008, as compared to the corresponding prior year period. Programming costs, which comprise approximately 94% of operating expenses were also flat in 2008 as lower bonus payment amortization was offset by a higher effective rate for the movie titles exhibited in 2008.
Starz Entertainment's SG&A expenses increased $7 million or 28% for the three months ended March 31, 2008, as compared to the corresponding prior year period. Such increase is due primarily to higher marketing expenses related to a new branding campaign and higher salary and personnel expenses.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
In accordance with Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including its chief executive officer, principal accounting officer and principal financial officer (the "Executives"), of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Executives concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2008 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in its reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms.
There has been no change in the Company's internal controls over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation described above that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2008 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal controls over financial reporting.
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For information regarding institution of, or material changes in, material legal proceedings that have been reported this fiscal year, reference is made to Part I, Item 3 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 29, 2008. There have been no material developments in such legal proceedings during the three months ended March 31, 2008, except as noted below.
Liberty/IAC Litigation
On January 22, 2008, IAC and Barry Diller, Chairman of the Board and CEO of IAC, filed a complaint styled IAC/InteractiveCorp, et al. v. Liberty Media Corporation, C.A. No. 3486 in the Court of Chancery (the "Chancery Court") of the State of Delaware against our company seeking a declaratory judgment that, among other things, (i) IAC's proposal (the "Spin-Off Proposal") to spin off certain of its businesses complies with IAC's charter and certain governance arrangements existing between our company and Mr. Diller (collectively, the "Governance Arrangements"), pursuant to which Mr. Diller voted our shares of IAC common stock and IAC Class B common stock, subject to certain limitations, and (ii) Mr. Diller is permitted to vote all shares of IAC common stock and IAC Class B common stock beneficially owned by us in favor of the Spin-Off Proposal.
On January 24, 2008, we filed a complaint styled Liberty Media Corporation, et al. v. Diller, et al., C.A. No. 3491 in the Chancery Court against IAC, Mr. Diller and certain other members of IAC's board of directors seeking a judgment that, among other things, the Spin-Off Proposal constitutes a violation of IAC's charter, breaches of fiduciary duty on the part of each of the incumbent directors (other than our two designees), and breaches of the Governance Arrangements. As a result of Mr. Diller's breach of the Governance Arrangements, the proxy held by Mr. Diller with respect to our shares of IAC common stock and IAC Class B common stock was terminated in accordance with its terms.
On January 28, 2008, the record holders of a majority of the voting power in IAC acted to, among other things, (i) execute and deliver to IAC a stockholder consent (the "IAC Stockholder Consent") that amended IAC's bylaws, removed Mr. Diller and certain other directors from IAC's board of directors and appointed Gregory B. Maffei, Mark D. Carleton, and William R. Fitzgerald to IAC's board of directors (in addition to Liberty's two current designees); and (ii) file a complaint styled LMC Silver King, Inc., et al. v. IAC/InteractiveCorp, et al., C.A. No. 3501 in the Chancery Court (the "Director Replacement Action") against IAC, Mr. Diller and certain of the other members of IAC's board of directors requesting that, among other things, the Chancery Court declare that the IAC Stockholder Consent was duly and validly executed and was immediately effective in all respects upon delivery to IAC.
These three actions were consolidated by the Chancery Court on February 6, 2008 in the action styled In re IAC/InterActiveCorp C.A. No. 3486-VCL. Trial of the consolidated action concluded before the Chancery Court on March 14, 2008. On March 28, 2008, the Chancery Court entered an opinion and order dismissing the Director Replacement Action with prejudice and ruling that we do not have a right to consent to the Spin-Off Proposal under IAC's charter or the Governance Arrangements. As to our claims that the Spin-Off Proposal would violate fiduciary duties owed to us by Mr. Diller and other IAC directors, the Chancery Court held that those claims were not ripe for determination pending further action by IAC's board of directors with respect to the Spin-Off Proposal. An order and judgment implementing the terms of the opinion and order was entered by the Chancery Court on April 7, 2008. On May 7, 2008, Liberty filed a Notice of Appeal with the Chancery Court to appeal the order and judgment.
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The risks described below supplement the risks described in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, filed on March 25, 2008. The risks described below and elsewhere in this quarterly report are not the only ones that relate to our businesses or our capitalization. The risks described below are considered to be the most material. However, there may be other unknown or unpredictable economic, business, competitive, regulatory or other factors that also could have material adverse effects on our businesses. Past financial performance may not be a reliable indicator of future performance and historical trends should not be used to anticipate results or trends in future periods. If any of the events described below were to occur, our businesses, prospects, financial condition, results of operations and/or cash flows could be materially adversely affected.
Factors Relating to the DirecTV Group
The risk factors described below relate to: the risks involved in our ownership of an interest in DirecTV; and operational risks relating to DirecTV. The operational risk factors have been reproduced from DirecTV's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007.
Construction or launch delays on satellites could materially adversely affect DirecTV's revenue and earnings. A key component of DirecTV's business strategy is its ability to expand its offering of new programming and services, including increased local and HD programming. In order to accomplish this goal, DirecTV needs to construct and launch new satellites. The construction and launch of satellites are often subject to delays, including satellite and launch vehicle construction delays, periodic unavailability of reliable launch opportunities due to competition for launch slots, weather and also due to general delays that result when a launch provider experiences a launch failure, and delays in obtaining regulatory approvals. A significant delay in the future delivery of any satellite would materially adversely affect the use of the satellite and thus could materially adversely affect DirecTV's anticipated revenue and earnings. If satellite construction schedules are not met, there can be no assurance that a launch opportunity will be available at the time a satellite is ready to be launched. Certain delays in satellite construction could also jeopardize a satellite authorization that is conditioned on timely construction and launch of the satellite.
DirecTV's satellites are subject to significant launch and operational risks. Satellites are subject to significant operational risks relating to launch and while in orbit. Launch and operational risks include launch failure, incorrect orbital placement or improper commercial operation. Launch failures result in significant delays in the deployment of satellites because of the need both to construct replacement satellites, which can take up to 36 months, and obtain other launch opportunities. DirecTV estimates the overall historical loss rate for all launches of commercial satellites in the last five years to be approximately 5% but it may be higher. Any significant delays or failures in successfully launching and deploying DirecTV's satellites could materially adversely affect its ability to generate revenue. While DirecTV has traditionally purchased insurance covering the launch and, in limited cases, operation of its satellites, such policies typically cover the loss of the satellite itself or a portion thereof, and not the business interruption or other associated direct and indirect costs.
In-orbit risks include malfunctions, commonly referred to as anomalies, and collisions with meteoroids, other spacecraft or other space debris. Anomalies occur as a result of various factors, such as satellite manufacturing errors, problems with the power systems or control systems of the satellites and general failures resulting from operating satellites in the harsh space environment. DirecTV works closely with its satellite manufacturers to determine and eliminate the potential causes of anomalies in new satellites and provide for redundancies of critical components in the satellites as well as having backup satellite capacity. However, DirecTV cannot assure you that it will not experience anomalies in the future, nor can DirecTV assure you that its backup satellite capacity will be sufficient for its business purposes. Any single anomaly or series of anomalies could materially adversely affect
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DirecTV's operations and revenue and its relationships with its subscribers, as well as its ability to attract new subscribers for its services. Anomalies may also reduce the expected useful life of a satellite, thereby creating additional expenses due to the need to provide replacement or backup satellites and potentially reducing revenue if service is interrupted. Finally, the occurrence of anomalies may materially adversely affect DirecTV's ability to insure its satellites at commercially reasonable premiums, if at all. While some anomalies are currently covered by existing insurance policies, others are not now covered or may not be covered in the future.
DirecTV's ability to earn revenue also depends on the usefulness of its satellites. Each satellite has a limited useful life. A number of factors affect the useful life of a satellite, including, among other things:
Generally, the minimum design life of the satellites in DirecTV's fleet is between 12 and 16 years. The actual useful lives of the satellites may be shorter or longer, in some cases significantly. DirecTV's operating results could be adversely affected if the useful life of any of its satellites were significantly shorter than 12 years from the date of launch.
In the event of a failure or loss of any of DirecTV's satellites, it may relocate another satellite and use it as a replacement for the failed or lost satellite. In the event of a complete satellite failure, DirecTV's services provided via that satellite could be unavailable for several days or longer while backup in-orbit satellites are repositioned and services are moved. DirecTV is not insured for any resultant lost revenue. The use of backup satellite capacity for DirecTV's programming may require it to discontinue some programming services due to potentially reduced capacity on the backup satellite. Any relocation of DirecTV's satellites would require prior FCC approval and, among other things, a demonstration to the FCC that the replacement satellite would not cause additional interference compared to the failed or lost satellite. Such FCC approval may not be obtained. DirecTV believes it has or will have in 2008, in-orbit satellite capacity to expeditiously recover transmission of most DIRECTV U.S. programming in the event one of its in-orbit satellites fails. However, programming continuity cannot be assured in the event of multiple satellite losses. DTVLA leases its satellites and may not have a readily available replacement in the event of a failure or loss of any of its satellites. Programming continuity in the countries in which DTVLA operates cannot be assured in the event of a single satellite loss.
The cost of commercial insurance coverage on DirecTV's satellites or the loss of a satellite that is not insured could materially adversely affect its earnings. DirecTV uses in-orbit and launch insurance to mitigate the potential financial impact of satellite fleet in-orbit and launch failures unless the premium costs are considered uneconomic relative to the risk of satellite failure. When insurance is obtained, it generally covers all or a portion of the unamortized book value of covered satellites. Although the insurance does not compensate for business interruption or loss of future revenue or subscribers, DirecTV relies on in-orbit spare satellites and excess transponder capacity at key orbital slots to mitigate the impact that a satellite failure may have on DirecTV's ability to provide service.
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The price, terms and availability of insurance fluctuate significantly. Launch and in-orbit policies on satellites may not continue to be available on commercially reasonable terms or at all. In addition to higher premiums, insurance policies may provide for higher deductibles, shorter coverage periods and satellite health-related policy exclusions.
Any launch vehicle failure, or loss or destruction of any of our satellites, even if insured, could have a material adverse effect on DirecTV's financial condition and results of operations, its ability to comply with FCC regulatory obligations and its ability to fund the construction or acquisition of replacement satellites in a timely fashion, or at all.
DirecTV competes with other MVPDs, some of whom have greater resources than DirecTV does and levels of competition are increasing. DirecTV competes in the multi-channel video programming distribution ("MVPD") industry against cable television, regional Bell operating companies ("RBOCs"), wireless companies and other land-based and satellite-based system operators with service offerings including video, audio and interactive programming, data and other entertainment services and telephony service. Some of these competitors have greater financial, marketing and other resources than DirecTV does.
Some cable television operators have large, established customer bases and many cable operators have significant investments in, and access to, programming. According to the National Cable & Telecommunications Association's 2007 Industry Overview, 100% of the 112 million U.S. television households are passed by cable. Of the 112 million U.S. television households, approximately 97 million subscribe to a MVPD service and approximately 66% of MVPD subscribers receive their programming from a cable operator. Cable television operators have advantages relative to DirecTV, including or as a result of:
In addition, cable television operators have grown their subscriber bases through mergers and acquisitions. Moreover, mergers, joint ventures and alliances among franchise, wireless or private cable television operators, RBOCs, and others may result in providers capable of offering bundled television, data and telecommunications services in competition with DirecTV's services.
DirecTV does not currently offer local channel coverage to markets covering approximately six percent of U.S. television households, which places it at a competitive disadvantage in those markets. DirecTV also has been unable to secure certain international programming, due to exclusive arrangements of programming providers with certain competitors, which has constrained its ability to compete for subscribers who wish to obtain such programming.
In the United States various RBOCs have deployed fiber optic lines directly to customers' homes or neighborhoods to deliver video services, which compete with the DIRECTV service. It is uncertain whether DirecTV will be able to increase its satellite capacity, offer a significant level of new services in existing markets in which it competes or expand to additional markets as may be necessary to compete effectively. Some of these RBOCs also sell the DIRECTV service as a bundle with their voice and data services. The existence of a new broadly-deployed network with the capability of providing video, voice and data services could present a significant competitive challenge. Should their deployment of fiber
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optic lines for video grow substantially, DirecTV may be unable to develop other distribution methods to make up for lost sales through the RBOCs.
In 2006, AT&T acquired BellSouth, one of the RBOCs that sells the DIRECTV service. AT&T has a similar arrangement with EchoStar. In December 2007, AT&T advised DIRECTV that AT&T was terminating the exclusivity arrangement with DIRECTV which had been part of the distribution agreement with BellSouth. AT&T is therefore free to sell and promote the services of any other non-affiliated DBS provider in those territories covered by the agreement with BellSouth. Although the underlying distribution agreement continues in effect, the action of AT&T could result in a reduction in the acquisition of subscribers through this distribution outlet.
As a result of these and other factors, DirecTV may not be able to continue to expand its subscriber base or compete effectively against cable television or other MVPD operators in the future.
Emerging digital media competition could materially adversely affect DirecTV. DirecTV's business is focused on television, and it faces emerging competition from other providers of digital media, some of which have greater financial, marketing and other resources than it does. Significant changes in consumer behavior with regard to the means by which they obtain video entertainment and information in response to this emerging digital media competition, could materially adversely affect DirecTV's revenue and earnings or otherwise disrupt our business.
DirecTV depends on the Communications Act for access to cable-affiliated programming and changes impacting that access could materially adversely affect DirecTV. DirecTV purchases a substantial percentage of its programming from programmers that are affiliated with cable system operators. Currently, under certain provisions of the Communications Act governing access to programming, cable-affiliated programmers generally must sell and deliver their programming services to all MVPDs on non-discriminatory terms and conditions. The Communications Act and the FCC rules also prohibit certain types of exclusive programming contracts involving programming from cable- affiliated programmers.
Any change in the Communications Act or the FCC's rules that would permit programmers that are affiliated with cable system operators to refuse to provide such programming or to impose discriminatory terms or conditions could materially adversely affect DirecTV's ability to acquire programming on a cost-effective basis, or at all. The Communications Act prohibitions on certain cable industry exclusive contracting practices with cable-affiliated programmers were recently extended for another five years, through October 2012, though it is currently considering proposals that could shorten the term of this extension to two years if a cable operator could show that competition from new entrant MVPDs at that time had reached a sufficient penetration level in the relevant marketing area.
In addition, certain cable providers have denied DirecTV and other MVPDs access to a limited number of channels created by programmers with which the cable providers are affiliated. The cable providers have asserted that they are not required to provide such programming due to the manner in which that programming is distributed, which they argue is not covered by the program access provisions of the Communications Act. Challenges to this interpretation of the Communications Act have not been successful, and DirecTV may continue to be precluded from obtaining such programming, which in turn could materially adversely affect its ability to compete in regions serviced by those cable providers. Although the FCC recently addressed some of these issues in a limited fashion by placing access conditions on certain regional sports networks affiliated with Time Warner Cable, Inc. and Comcast Corporation, it is not clear that such provisions will be sufficient to assure DirecTV's continued access to this programming on fair and nondiscriminatory terms.
Carriage requirements may negatively affect DirecTV's ability to deliver local broadcast stations, as well as other aspects of its business. The FCC's interpretation, implementation and enforcement of
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provisions of the Satellite Home Viewer Improvement Act ("SHVIA") and the Satellite Home Viewer Extension and Reauthorization Act of 2004 ("SHVERA"), as well as judicial decisions interpreting and enforcing these laws, could hamper DirecTV's ability to retransmit distant network and superstation signals, reduce the number of its existing or future subscribers that can qualify for receipt of these signals, impose costs on it in connection with the process of complying with the rules, or subject DirecTV to fines, monetary damages or injunctions. In implementing SHVIA, the FCC has required satellite carriers to delete certain programming, including sports programming, from the signals of certain distant stations. Compliance with those FCC requirements may require costly upgrades to DirecTV's broadcast system. Further, a recent FCC order interpreting the requirement that satellite carriers retransmit local digital signals with "equivalent bandwidth" of significantly viewed digital signals may constrain DirecTV's ability to deliver such significantly viewed digital signals.
DirecTV has limited capacity, and the projected number of markets in which it can deliver local broadcast programming will continue to be constrained because of the must carry requirement and may be reduced depending on the FCC's interpretation of its rules in pending and future rulemaking and complaint proceedings, as well as judicial decisions interpreting must carry requirements. DirecTV may not be able to comply with these must carry rules, or compliance may mean that it is not able to use capacity that could otherwise be used for new or additional local or national programming services. In addition, the FCC has begun to consider an obligation for carriage of local digital broadcast transmissions after the digital television transition currently scheduled for February 17, 2009. If the FCC were to require DirecTV to carry all local signals in HD format wherever it carries any local signals in HD format as of that date, DirecTV would be unable to comply in many markets where it currently carries such signals without ceasing HD local service entirely in such markets, and would be precluded from launching additional markets currently planned for later this year.
DirecTV depends on others to produce programming and programming costs are increasing. DirecTV depends on third parties to provide it with programming services, including third parties who are its affiliates and third parties controlled by competitors. DirecTV's ability to compete successfully will depend on its ability to continue to obtain desirable programming and deliver it to its subscribers at competitive prices. DirecTV's programming agreements generally have remaining terms ranging from less than one to up to ten years and contain various renewal and cancellation provisions. DirecTV may not be able to renew these agreements on favorable terms, or at all, or these agreements may be cancelled prior to expiration of their original terms. If DirecTV is unable to renew any of these agreements or the other parties cancel the agreements, DirecTV may not be able to obtain substitute programming, or if it is able to obtain such substitute programming, the substitute programming may not be comparable in quality or cost to DirecTV's existing programming.
In addition, many of DirecTV's programming agreements contain annual price increases. When offering new programming, or upon expiration of existing contracts, programming suppliers have historically increased the rates they charge DirecTV for programming, increasing DirecTV's costs. DirecTV expects this practice to continue. Increases in programming costs could cause DirecTV to increase the rates that it charges its subscribers, which could in turn cause subscribers to terminate their subscriptions or potential new subscribers to refrain from subscribing to DirecTV's service. Furthermore, DirecTV may be unable to pass programming cost increases on to its subscribers, which could have a material adverse effect on its earnings or cash flow.
The FCC has adopted rules requiring DirecTV to negotiate in good faith with broadcast stations seeking carriage outside of the mandatory carriage regime described elsewhere. The rules for "retransmission consent" negotiations, which are similar to those that have applied to broadcast stations for years, require DirecTV to comply with certain indicia of good faith negotiation, as well as to demonstrate good faith under a "totality of the circumstances" test. Failure to comply with these rules could subject DirecTV to administrative sanctions and other penalties.
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DirecTV's subscriber acquisition costs could materially increase. DirecTV incurs costs relating to subscribers acquired by it and subscribers acquired through third parties. These costs are known as subscriber acquisition costs. For instance, DirecTV provides installation incentives to its retailers to enable them to offer standard professional installation as part of the subscriber's purchase or lease of a DIRECTV system. In addition, DirecTV pays commissions to retailers for their efforts in offering a DIRECTV system at a lower cost to consumers. DirecTV's subscriber acquisition costs may materially increase to the extent it continues or expand current sales promotion activities or introduce other more aggressive promotions, or due to increased competition. Any material increase in subscriber acquisition costs from current levels would negatively impact DirecTV's earnings and could materially adversely affect its financial performance.
Increased subscriber churn or subscriber upgrade and retention costs could materially adversely affect DirecTV's financial performance. Turnover of subscribers in the form of subscriber service cancellations, or churn, has a significant financial impact on the results of operations of any subscription television provider, including DirecTV, as does the cost of upgrading and retaining subscribers. Any increase in DirecTV's upgrade and retention costs for its existing subscribers may adversely affect its financial performance or cause it to increase its subscription rates, which could increase churn. Churn may also increase due to factors beyond DirecTV's control, including churn by subscribers who are unable to pay their monthly subscription fees, a slowing economy, significant signal theft, consumer fraud, a maturing subscriber base and competitive offers. Any of the risks described herein that could potentially have a material adverse impact on DirecTV's cost or service quality or that could result in higher prices for its subscribers could also, in turn, cause an increase in churn and consequently have a material adverse effect on DirecTV's earnings and financial performance.
DirecTV's ability to keep pace with technological developments is uncertain. In the MVPD industry, changes occur rapidly as new technologies are developed, which could cause DirecTV's services and products that deliver DirecTV's services to become obsolete. DirecTV may not be able to keep pace with technological developments. If the new technologies on which DirecTV intends to focus its investments fail to achieve acceptance in the marketplace or DirecTV's technology does not work and requires significant cost to replace or fix, DirecTV could suffer a material adverse effect on its future competitive position, which could cause a reduction in its revenue and earnings. For example, DirecTV's competitors could be the first to obtain proprietary technologies that are perceived by the market as being superior. Further, after incurring substantial costs, one or more of the technologies under development by DirecTV or any of its strategic partners could become obsolete prior to its introduction.
In addition, technological innovation depends, to a significant extent, on the work of technically skilled employees. Competition for the services of these employees is vigorous. DirecTV cannot assure you that it will be able to continue to attract and retain these employees.
To access technologies and provide products that are necessary for DirecTV to remain competitive, particularly in the area of broadband services, it may make future acquisitions and investments and may enter into strategic partnerships with other companies. Such investments may require a commitment of significant capital and human and other resources. The value of such acquisitions, investments and partnerships and the technology accessed may be highly speculative. Arrangements with third parties can lead to contractual and other disputes and dependence on the development and delivery of necessary technology on third parties that DirecTV may not be able to control or influence. These relationships may commit DirecTV to technologies that are rendered obsolete by other developments or preclude the pursuit of other technologies which may prove to be superior.
New technologies could also create new competitors for DirecTV. Entities such as RBOCs are implementing and supporting digital video compression over existing telephone lines and building out fiber optic lines to enhance their capabilities to deliver programming services. Satellite operators such
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as SES Global have begun offering turn-key packages of digital programming on a wholesale basis for distribution by rural telephone companies. While these entities are not currently providing MVPD services on a significant basis, many have the capabilities for such services and some have begun rolling out video services. DirecTV may not be able to compete successfully with new entrants in the market for video services.
Satellite programming signals have been stolen and may be stolen in the future, which could result in lost revenue and would cause DirecTV to incur incremental operating costs that do not result in subscriber acquisition. The delivery of subscription programming requires the use of conditional access technology to limit access to programming to only those who subscribe and are authorized to view it. The conditional access system uses, among other things, encryption technology to protect the transmitted signal from unauthorized access. It is illegal to create, sell or otherwise distribute software or devices to circumvent that conditional access technology. However, theft of cable and satellite programming has been widely reported, and the access or "smart" cards used in DirecTV's conditional access system have been compromised in the past and could be compromised in the future.
DirecTV has undertaken various initiatives with respect to its conditional access system to further enhance the security of the DIRECTV signal. To help combat signal theft, DirecTV provides its subscribers with more advanced access cards that DirecTV believes significantly enhance the security of its signal. Currently, DirecTV believes these access cards have not been compromised. However, DirecTV cannot guarantee that new cards will prevent the theft of its satellite programming signals in the future. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that DirecTV will succeed in developing the technology it needs to effectively restrict or eliminate signal theft. If DirecTV's current access cards are compromised, its revenue and its ability to contract for video and audio services provided by programmers could be materially adversely affected. In addition, DirecTV's operating costs could increase if it attempts to implement additional measures to combat signal theft.
DirecTV's business relies on intellectual property, some of which is owned by third parties, and it may inadvertently infringe patents and proprietary rights of others. Many entities, including some of DirecTV's competitors, have or may in the future obtain patents and other intellectual property rights that cover or affect products or services related to those that DirecTV currently offers or may offer in the future. In general, if a court determines that one or more of DirecTV's services or the products used to transmit or receive its services infringes on intellectual property owned by others, DirecTV and the applicable manufacturers or vendors may be required to cease developing or marketing those services and products, to obtain licenses from the owners of the intellectual property or to redesign those services and products in such a way as to avoid infringing the intellectual property rights. If a third party holds intellectual property rights, it may not allow DirecTV or the applicable manufacturers to use its intellectual property at any price, which could materially adversely affect DirecTV's competitive position.
DirecTV may not be aware of all intellectual property rights that its services or the products used to transmit or receive its services may potentially infringe. In addition, patent applications in the United States are confidential until the Patent and Trademark Office issues a patent. Therefore, DirecTV cannot evaluate the extent to which its services or the products used to transmit or receive its services may infringe claims contained in pending patent applications. Further, without lengthy litigation, it is often not possible to determine definitively whether a claim of infringement is valid.
DirecTV cannot estimate the extent to which it may be required in the future to obtain intellectual property licenses or the availability and cost of any such licenses. Those costs, and their impact on DirecTV's earnings, could be material. Damages in patent infringement cases may also include treble damages in certain circumstances. To the extent that DirecTV is required to pay royalties to third parties to whom it is not currently making payments, these increased costs of doing business could materially adversely affect DirecTV's operating results. DirecTV is currently being sued in patent
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infringement actions related to use of technologies in its DTH business. There can be no assurance that the courts will conclude that DirecTV's services or the products used to transmit or receive its services do not infringe on the rights of third parties, that DirecTV or the manufacturers would be able to obtain licenses from these persons on commercially reasonable terms or, if DirecTV were unable to obtain such licenses, that it or the manufacturers would be able to redesign DirecTV's services or the products used to transmit or receive its services to avoid infringement. The final disposition of these claims is not expected to have a material adverse effect on DirecTV's consolidated financial position, but could possibly be material to its consolidated results of operations for any one period. Further, no assurance can be given that any adverse outcome would not be material to DirecTV's consolidated financial position.
The ability to maintain FCC licenses and other regulatory approvals is critical to DirecTV's business. If DirecTV does not obtain all requisite U.S. regulatory approvals for the construction, launch and operation of any of its existing or future satellites for the use of frequencies at the orbital locations planned for these satellites or for the provision of service, or the licenses obtained impose operational restrictions on it, its ability to generate revenue and profits could be materially adversely affected. In addition, under certain circumstances, existing licenses are subject to revocation or modification and upon expiration, renewal may not be granted. If existing licenses are not renewed, or are revoked or materially modified, DirecTV's ability to generate revenue could be materially adversely affected.
In certain cases, satellite system operators are obligated by governmental regulation and procedures of the ITU to coordinate the operation of their systems with other users of the radio spectrum in order to avoid causing interference to those other users. Coordination may require a satellite system operator to reduce power, avoid operating on certain frequencies, relocate its satellite to another orbital location and/or otherwise modify planned or existing operations. For example, the FCC has conditionally granted Spectrum Five authority to provide DBS service using frequencies assigned to it by the Government of the Netherlands from an orbital slot located halfway between slots at which DirecTV currently operates. Other operators have filed similar requests. DirecTV believes this closer proximity, if permitted, significantly increases the risk of interference which could adversely affect the quality of service provided to DirecTV's subscribers. DirecTV may not be able to successfully coordinate its satellites to the extent it is required to do so, and any modifications DirecTV makes in the course of coordination, or any inability to successfully coordinate, may materially adversely affect its ability to generate revenue. In addition, the FCC is currently conducting a rulemaking proceeding to consider, among other things, the adoption of operating parameters under which such "tweener" systems would be automatically deemed coordinated.
Other regulatory risks include, among others:
All of DirecTV's FCC satellite authorizations are subject to conditions imposed by the FCC in addition to the FCC's general authority to modify, cancel or revoke those authorizations. Use of FCC
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licenses and conditional authorizations are often subject to conditions, including technical requirements and implementation deadlines. Failure to comply with such requirements, or comply in a timely manner, could lead to the loss of authorizations and could have a material adverse effect on DirecTV's ability to generate revenue. For example, loss of an authorization could potentially reduce the amount of programming and other services available to DirecTV's subscribers. The materiality of such a loss of authorization would vary based upon, among other things, the orbital location at which the frequencies may be used.
In addition, many of DirecTV's authorizations and pending applications will be subject to petitions and oppositions filed by several companies, and there can be no assurance that DirecTV's authorizations will not be cancelled, revoked or modified or that its applications will not be denied. Moreover, the FCC recently adopted new rules for licensing satellites that may limit DirecTV's ability to file applications and secure licenses in the future.
Congress has continued to shape the scope of the FCC's regulatory authority and enact legislation that affects DirecTV's business. In addition, FCC proceedings to implement legislation and enact additional regulations are ongoing. The outcomes of these legislative or regulatory proceedings or their effect on DirecTV's business cannot be predicted.
DirecTV Latin America ("DTVLA") is subject to various additional risks associated with doing business internationally, which include political instability, economic instability, and foreign currency exchange rate volatility. All of DTVLA's operating companies are located outside the continental United States. DTVLA operates and has subscribers located throughout Latin America and the Caribbean Basin, which makes it vulnerable to risks of conducting business in foreign markets, including:
In the past, the countries that constitute some of DTVLA's largest markets, including Brazil, Argentina, Colombia and Venezuela have experienced economic crises, caused by external and internal factors, and characterized by exchange rate instability, high inflation, high domestic interest rates, economic contraction, a reduction of international capital flows, a reduction of liquidity in the banking sector and high unemployment. These economic conditions have often been related to political instability, including political violence. If these economic conditions recur, they could substantially reduce the purchasing power of the population in our markets and materially adversely affect our business.
Because DTVLA offers premium pay television programming, its business is particularly vulnerable to economic downturns. DTVLA has experienced, and may in the future experience, decreases or instability in consumer demand for its programming, as well as subscriber credit problems. DTVLA's inability to adjust its business and operations to adequately address these issues could materially adversely affect its revenue and ability to sustain profitable operations.
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DirecTV may not be able to obtain or retain certain foreign regulatory approvals. There can be no assurance that any current regulatory approvals held by DirecTV are, or will remain, sufficient in the view of foreign regulatory authorities, or that any additional necessary approvals will be granted on a timely basis or at all, in all jurisdictions in which DirecTV operates, or that applicable restrictions in those jurisdictions will not be unduly burdensome. The failure to obtain the authorizations necessary to operate satellites or provide satellite service internationally could have a material adverse effect on DirecTV's ability to generate revenue and its overall competitive position.
Results are impacted by the effect of, and changes in, United States and worldwide economic conditions. DirecTV's business may be affected by factors in the United States and other countries in which it operates that are beyond its control, such as downturns in economic activity in a specific country or region, or in the MVPD industry. Factors such as interest rates and the health of the housing market may impact DirecTV's business. A significant market downturn could have a material adverse effect on DirecTV's earnings and financial performance.
Listed below are the exhibits which are filed as a part of this Report (according to the number assigned to them in Item 601 of Regulation S-K):
31.1 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification* | |
31.2 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification* | |
31.3 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification* | |
32 | Section 1350 Certification* |
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
LIBERTY MEDIA LLC |
||||
Date: May 13, 2008 |
By: |
/s/ GREGORY B. MAFFEI Gregory B. Maffei President and Chief Executive Officer |
||
Date: May 13, 2008 |
By: |
/s/ DAVID J.A. FLOWERS David J.A. Flowers Senior Vice President and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer) |
||
Date: May 13, 2008 |
By: |
/s/ CHRISTOPHER W. SHEAN Christopher W. Shean Senior Vice President and Controller (Principal Accounting Officer) |
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Listed below are the exhibits which are filed as a part of this Report (according to the number assigned to them in Item 601 of Regulation S-K):
31.1 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification* | |
31.2 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification* | |
31.3 | Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification* | |
32 | Section 1350 Certification* |